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Stinson LF, Ma J, Lai CT, Rea A, Perrella SL, Geddes DT. Milk microbiome transplantation: recolonizing donor milk with mother's own milk microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:74. [PMID: 38194146 PMCID: PMC10776751 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Donor human milk (DHM) provides myriad nutritional and immunological benefits for preterm and low birthweight infants. However, pasteurization leaves DHM devoid of potentially beneficial milk microbiota. In the present study, we performed milk microbiome transplantation from freshly collected mother's own milk (MOM) into pasteurized DHM. Small volumes of MOM (5%, 10%, or 30% v/v) were inoculated into pasteurized DHM and incubated at 37 °C for up to 8 h. Further, we compared microbiome recolonization in UV-C-treated and Holder-pasteurized DHM, as UV-C treatment has been shown to conserve important biochemical components of DHM that are lost during Holder pasteurization. Bacterial culture and viability-coupled metataxonomic sequencing were employed to assess the effectiveness of milk microbiome transplantation. Growth of transplanted MOM bacteria occurred rapidly in recolonized DHM samples; however, a greater level of growth was observed in Holder-pasteurized DHM compared to UV-C-treated DHM, potentially due to the conserved antimicrobial properties in UV-C-treated DHM. Viability-coupled metataxonomic analysis demonstrated similarity between recolonized DHM samples and fresh MOM samples, suggesting that the milk microbiome can be successfully transplanted into pasteurized DHM. These results highlight the potential of MOM microbiota transplantation to restore the microbial composition of UV-C-treated and Holder-pasteurized DHM and enhance the nutritional and immunological benefits of DHM for preterm and vulnerable infants. KEY POINTS: • Mother's own milk microbiome can be successfully transplanted into donor human milk. • Recolonization is equally successful in UV-C-treated and Holder-pasteurized milk. • Recolonization time should be restricted due to rapid bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ching Tat Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Alethea Rea
- Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sharon L Perrella
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Bornbusch SL, Shinnerl HE, Gentry L, Keady MM, Glick V, Muletz-Wolz CR, Power ML. Local environment shapes milk microbiomes while evolutionary history constrains milk macronutrients in captive cercopithecine primates. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16664. [PMID: 38830671 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Milk is a complex biochemical fluid that includes macronutrients and microbiota, which, together, are known to facilitate infant growth, mediate the colonization of infant microbiomes, and promote immune development. Examining factors that shape milk microbiomes and milk-nutrient interplay across host taxa is critical to resolving the evolution of the milk environment. Using a comparative approach across four cercopithecine primate species housed at three facilities under similar management conditions, we test for the respective influences of the local environment (housing facility) and host species on milk (a) macronutrients (fat, sugar, and protein), (b) microbiomes (16S rRNA), and (c) predicted microbial functions. We found that milk macronutrients were structured according to host species, while milk microbiomes and predicted function were strongly shaped by the local environment and, to a lesser extent, host species. The milk microbiomes of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at two different facilities more closely resembled those of heterospecific facility-mates compared to conspecifics at a different facility. We found similar, facility-driven patterns of microbial functions linked to physiology and immune modulation, suggesting that milk microbiomes may influence infant health and development. These results provide novel insight into the complexity of milk and its potential impact on infants across species and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Bornbusch
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Nutrition Science, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hannah E Shinnerl
- Department of Nutrition Science, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lindsey Gentry
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mia M Keady
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Virginia Glick
- Department of Nutrition Science, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard University, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carly R Muletz-Wolz
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael L Power
- Department of Nutrition Science, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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Sivalogan K, Liang D, Accardi C, Diaz-Artiga A, Hu X, Mollinedo E, Ramakrishnan U, Teeny SN, Tran V, Clasen TF, Thompson LM, Sinharoy SS. Human Milk Composition Is Associated with Maternal Body Mass Index in a Cross-Sectional, Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Human Milk from Guatemalan Mothers. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102144. [PMID: 38726027 PMCID: PMC11079463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal overweight and obesity has been associated with poor lactation performance including delayed lactogenesis and reduced duration. However, the effect on human milk composition is less well understood. Objectives We evaluated the relationship of maternal BMI on the human milk metabolome among Guatemalan mothers. Methods We used data from 75 Guatemalan mothers who participated in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network trial. Maternal BMI was measured between 9 and <20 weeks of gestation. Milk samples were collected at a single time point using aseptic collection from one breast at 6 mo postpartum and analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry. A cross-sectional untargeted high-resolution metabolomics analysis was performed by coupling hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and reverse phase C18 chromatography with mass spectrometry. Metabolic features associated with maternal BMI were determined by a metabolome-wide association study (MWAS), adjusting for baseline maternal age, education, and dietary diversity, and perturbations in metabolic pathways were identified by pathway enrichment analysis. Results The mean age of participants at baseline was 23.62 ± 3.81 y, and mean BMI was 24.27 ± 4.22 kg/m2. Of the total metabolic features detected by HILIC column (19,199 features) and by C18 column (11,594 features), BMI was associated with 1026 HILIC and 500 C18 features. Enriched pathways represented amino acid metabolism, galactose metabolism, and xenobiotic metabolic metabolism. However, no significant features were identified after adjusting for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate procedure (FDRBH < 0.2). Conclusions Findings from this untargeted MWAS indicate that maternal BMI is associated with metabolic perturbations of galactose metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome p450 and biosynthesis of amino acid pathways. Significant metabolic pathway alterations detected in human milk were associated with energy metabolism-related pathways including carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02944682.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasthuri Sivalogan
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Carolyn Accardi
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anaite Diaz-Artiga
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Xin Hu
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Erick Mollinedo
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Sami Nadeem Teeny
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Thomas F Clasen
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lisa M Thompson
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sheela S Sinharoy
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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He F, Bian Y, Zhao Y, Xia M, Liu S, Gui J, Hou X, Fang Y. In vitro conversion of ellagic acid to urolithin A by different gut microbiota of urolithin metabotype A. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:215. [PMID: 38363367 PMCID: PMC10873453 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The metabolite urolithin A, a metabolite of the dietary polyphenol ellagic acid (EA), has significant health benefits for humans. However, studies on the gut microbiota involved in ellagic acid metabolism are limited. In this study, we conducted in vitro fermentation of EA using human intestinal microbiome combined with antibiotics (vancomycin, polymyxin B sulfate, and amphotericin B). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis demonstrated that the production capacity of urolithin A by gut microbiota co-treated with polymyxin B sulfate and amphotericin B (22.39 µM) was similar to that of untreated gut microbiota (24.26 µM). Macrogenomics (high-throughput sequencing) was used to analyze the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. The results showed that the abundance of Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Bifidobacterium bifidum in the gut microbiota without antibiotic treatment or co-treated with polymyxin B sulfate and amphotericin B during EA fermentation was higher than that in other antibiotic treatment gut microbiota. Therefore, B. longum, B. adolescentis, and B. bifidum may be new genera involved in the conversion of EA to urolithin A. In conclusion, the study revealed unique interactions between polyphenols and gut microbiota, deepening our understanding of the relationship between phenolic compounds like EA and the gut microbiota. These findings may contribute to the development of gut bacteria as potential probiotics for further development. KEY POINTS: • Intestinal microbiome involved in ellagic acid metabolism. • Gram-positive bacteria in the intestinal microbiome are crucial for ellagic acid metabolism. • Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Bifidobacterium bifidum participate in ellagic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiang He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment /Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean, Lianyungang, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yingying Bian
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yaling Zhao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Mengjie Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment /Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean, Lianyungang, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment /Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean, Lianyungang, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jiajin Gui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment /Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean, Lianyungang, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xiaoyue Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment /Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean, Lianyungang, China.
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
| | - Yaowei Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment /Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean, Lianyungang, China.
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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Wang N, Zhang J, Yu Z, Yan X, Zhang L, Peng H, Chen C, Li R. Oropharyngeal administration of colostrum targeting gut microbiota and metabolites in very preterm infants: protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:508. [PMID: 37845612 PMCID: PMC10577906 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oropharyngeal administration of colostrum (OAC) has an immune-stimulating effect on oropharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue, and can promote the maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. However, how OAC promotes intestinal maturation in preterm infants by altering gut microbiota remains unclear. We aim to assess changes in gut microbiota and metabolites after OAC in very preterm infants. METHODS A multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial will be conducted in three large neonatal intensive care units in Shenzhen, China, with preterm infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks at birth and birth weight less than 1500 g. It is estimated that 320 preterm infants will be enrolled in this study within one year. The intervention group will receive oropharyngeal administration of 0.2 ml colostrum every 3 h, starting between the first 48 to 72 h and continued for 5 consecutive days. Following a similar administration scheme, the control group will receive oropharyngeal administration of sterile water. Stool samples will be collected at the first defecation, as well as on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after birth for analysis of effect of OAC on gut microbiota and metabolites through 16sRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. DISCUSSION This proposal advocates for the promotion of OAC as a safe and relatively beneficial protocol in neonatal intensive care units, which may contribute to the establishment of a dominant intestinal flora. Findings of this study may help improve the health outcomes of preterm infants by establishment of targeted gut microbiota in future studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05481866 (registered July 30, 2022 on ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangbin Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xudong Yan
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Bao'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haibo Peng
- Department of Neonatology, Bao'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Longgang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neonatology, Longgang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Xiang Q, Yan X, Shi W, Li H, Zhou K. Early gut microbiota intervention in premature infants: Application perspectives. J Adv Res 2023; 51:59-72. [PMID: 36372205 PMCID: PMC10491976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth is the leading cause of death in children under the age of five. One of the major factors contributing to the high risk of diseases and deaths in premature infants is the incomplete development of the intestinal immune system. The gut microbiota has been widely recognized as a critical factor in promoting the development and function of the intestinal immune system after birth. However, the gut microbiota of premature infants is at high risk of dysbiosis, which is highly associated with adverse effects on the development and education of the early life immune system. Early intervention can modulate the colonization and development of gut microbiota and has a long-term influence on the development of the intestinal immune system. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the characterization, interconnection, and underlying mechanism of gut microbiota and intestinal innate immunity in premature infants, and to discuss the status, applicability, safety, and prospects of different intervention strategies in premature infants, thus providing an overview and outlook of the current applications and remaining gaps of early intervention strategies in premature infants. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review is focused on three key concepts. Firstly, the gut microbiota of premature infants is at high risk of dysbiosis, resulting in dysfunctional intestinal immune system processes. Secondly, contributing roles of early intervention have been observed in improving the intestinal environment and promoting gut microbiota colonization, which is significant in the development and function of gut immunity in premature infants. Thirdly, different strategies of early intervention, such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and nutrients, show different safety, applicability, and outcome in premature infants, and the underlying mechanism is complex and poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhang Xiang
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xudong Yan
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiping Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China; The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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7
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Baumgartel K, Stevens M, Vijayakumar N, Saint Fleur A, Prescott S, Groer M. The Human Milk Metabolome: A Scoping Literature Review. J Hum Lact 2023; 39:255-277. [PMID: 36924445 DOI: 10.1177/08903344231156449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk is a complex source of nutrition and other bioactives that protects infants from disease, holding a lifetime of beneficial effects. The field of metabolomics provides a robust platform through which we can better understand human milk at a level rarely examined. RESEARCH AIM To Identify, describe, synthesize, and critically analyze the literature within the past 5 years related to the human milk metabolome. METHODS We conducted a scoping literature review and quality analysis of the recent science reflecting untargeted metabolomic approaches to examining human milk. We searched six databases using the terms "breast milk," "metabolome," "metabolite," and "human milk," Out of more than 1,069 abstracts, we screened and identified 22 articles that met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS We extracted data related to the study author, geographic location, research design, analyses, platform used, and results. We also extracted data related to human milk research activities, including collection protocol, infant/maternal considerations, and time. Selected studies focused on a variety of phenotypes, including maternal and infant disease. Investigators used varying approaches to evaluate the metabolome, and differing milk collection protocols were observed. CONCLUSION The human milk metabolome is informed by many factors-which may contribute to infant health outcomes-that have resulted in disparate milk metabolomic profiles. Standardized milk collection and storage procedures should be implemented to minimize degradation. Investigators may use our findings to develop research questions that test a targeted metabolomic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Stevens
- College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nisha Vijayakumar
- School of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Maureen Groer
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Ramos-Garcia V, Ten-Doménech I, Albiach-Delgado A, Gómez-Ferrer M, Sepúlveda P, Parra-Llorca A, Campos-Berga L, Moreno-Giménez A, Quintás G, Kuligowski J. Isolation and Lipidomic Screening of Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2571:177-188. [PMID: 36152162 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2699-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by cells and can be found in biological fluids (e.g., blood, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and milk). EV isolation needs to be optimized carefully depending on the type of biofluid and tissue. Human milk (HM) is known to be a rich source of EVs, and they are thought to be partially responsible for the benefits associated with breastfeeding. Here, a workflow for the isolation and lipidomic analysis of HM-EVs is described. The procedure encompasses initial steps such as sample collection and storage, a detailed description for HM-EV isolation by multistage ultracentrifugation, metabolite extraction, and analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, as well as data analysis and curation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Gómez-Ferrer
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Parra-Llorca
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Campos-Berga
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Quintás
- Health and Biomedicine, Leitat Technological Center, Terrassa, Spain
- Analytical Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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Fu Z, Nilsson AK, Hellstrom A, Smith LEH. Retinopathy of prematurity: Metabolic risk factors. eLife 2022; 11:e80550. [PMID: 36420952 PMCID: PMC9691009 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
At preterm birth, the retina is incompletely vascularized. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is initiated by the postnatal suppression of physiological retinal vascular development that would normally occur in utero. As the neural retina slowly matures, increasing metabolic demand including in the peripheral avascular retina, leads to signals for compensatory but pathological neovascularization. Currently, only late neovascular ROP is treated. ROP could be prevented by promoting normal vascular growth. Early perinatal metabolic dysregulation is a strong but understudied risk factor for ROP and other long-term sequelae of preterm birth. We will discuss the metabolic and oxygen needs of retina, current treatments, and potential interventions to promote normal vessel growth including control of postnatal hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hyperoxia-induced retinal metabolic alterations. Early supplementation of missing nutrients and growth factors and control of supplemental oxygen promotes physiological retinal development. We will discuss the current knowledge gap in retinal metabolism after preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Anders K Nilsson
- The Sahlgrenska Centre for Pediatric Ophthalmology Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Ann Hellstrom
- The Sahlgrenska Centre for Pediatric Ophthalmology Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Lois EH Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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Porro M, Kundrotaite E, Mellor DD, Munialo CD. A narrative review of the functional components of human breast milk and their potential to modulate the gut microbiome, the consideration of maternal and child characteristics, and confounders of breastfeeding, and their impact on risk of obesity later in life. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:597-609. [PMID: 36048515 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional exposure and, therefore, the metabolic environment during early human development can affect health later in life. This can go beyond the nutrients consumed; there is evidence that the development and modulation of the gut microbiome during early life can affect human growth, development, and health, and the gut microbiome is associated with the risk of obesity later in life. The primary aim of this review was to evaluate existing evidence, to identify the components of human breast milk, which may modulate the gut microbiome, and to assess the impact of the gut microbiome on the risk of becoming obese later in life. This review also considers maternal and child characteristics, and confounders of breastfeeding and how they impact on the infant gut microbiome. Current evidence supports a positive association between fecal, branched short-chain fatty acids and human milk oligosaccharide diversity and a gut microbiome associated with better metabolic health. A negative correlation was found between microbiome diversity and human milk oligosaccharide evenness, which was associated with a greater fat mass and percentage of fat. The components of human breast milk, including oligosaccharides, probiotics, milk fat globule membrane, and adiponectin, were hypothesized to positively influence infant growth and body weight by modulating the microbial diversity and composition of the gut. Maternal diet, timing and duration of breast feeding, and the mode of delivery were all shown to affect the human milk microbiota. However, more experimental studies with long follow-up are required to shed light on the governing mechanisms linking breast milk components with a diverse infant microbiome and healthier body weight later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Porro
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Mondelēz UK R&D Limited, Bournville, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Kundrotaite
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Duane D Mellor
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Claire D Munialo
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Kumbhare SV, Jones WD, Fast S, Bonner C, Jong G‘, Van Domselaar G, Graham M, Narvey M, Azad MB. Source of human milk (mother or donor) is more important than fortifier type (human or bovine) in shaping the preterm infant microbiome. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100712. [PMID: 36029771 PMCID: PMC9512671 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Milk fortifiers help meet the nutritional needs of preterm infants receiving their mother’s own milk (MOM) or donor human milk. We conducted a randomized clinical trial (NCT03214822) in 30 very low birth weight premature neonates comparing bovine-derived human milk fortifier (BHMF) versus human-derived fortifier (H2MF). We found that fortifier type does not affect the overall microbiome, although H2MF infants were less often colonized by an unclassified member of Clostridiales Family XI. Secondary analyses show that MOM intake is strongly associated with weight gain and microbiota composition, including Bifidobacterium, Veillonella, and Propionibacterium enrichment. Finally, we show that while oxidative stress (urinary F2-isoprostanes) is not affected by fortifier type or MOM intake, fecal calprotectin is higher in H2MF infants and lower in those consuming more MOM. Overall, the source of human milk (mother versus donor) appears more important than the type of milk fortifier (human versus bovine) in shaping preterm infant gut microbiota. Milk fortifier type (human versus bovine) has little impact on the preterm microbiome Milk source (mother versus donor) is strongly associated with microbiome composition Feeding mother’s own milk is linked to better weight gain and less gut inflammation
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12
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Liu L, Ao D, Cai X, Huang P, Cai N, Lin S, Wu B. Early gut microbiota in very low and extremely low birth weight preterm infants with feeding intolerance: a prospective case-control study. J Microbiol 2022; 60:1021-1031. [PMID: 35984614 PMCID: PMC9390111 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Dang Ao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Xiangsheng Cai
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Peiyi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Nali Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Shaozhu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Benqing Wu
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
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13
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Asbury MR, Shama S, Sa JY, Bando N, Butcher J, Comelli EM, Copeland JK, Forte V, Kiss A, Sherman PM, Stintzi A, Taibi A, Tomlinson C, Unger S, Wang PW, O'Connor DL. Human milk nutrient fortifiers alter the developing gastrointestinal microbiota of very-low-birth-weight infants. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1328-1339.e5. [PMID: 35987195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient fortifiers are added to human milk to support the development of very-low-birth-weight infants. Currently, bovine-milk-based fortifiers (BMBFs) are predominantly administered, with increasing interest in adopting human-milk-based fortifiers (HMBFs). Although beneficial for growth, their effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota are unclear. This triple-blind, randomized clinical trial (NCT02137473) tested how nutrient-enriching human milk with HMBF versus BMBF affects the gastrointestinal microbiota of infants born < 1,250 g during hospitalization. HMBF-fed infants (n = 63, n = 269 stools) showed lower microbial diversity, altered microbial community structure, and changes in predicted microbial functions compared with BMBF-fed infants (n = 56, n = 239 stools). HMBF-fed infants had higher relative and normalized abundances of unclassified Enterobacteriaceae and lower abundances of Clostridium sensu stricto. Post hoc analyses identified dose-dependent relationships between individual feed components (volumes of mother's milk, donor milk, and fortifiers) and the microbiota. These results highlight how nutrient fortifiers impact the microbiota of very-low-birth-weight infants during a critical developmental window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Asbury
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Translational Medicine Program, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sara Shama
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Translational Medicine Program, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jong Yup Sa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Translational Medicine Program, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Nicole Bando
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Translational Medicine Program, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - James Butcher
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Elena M Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Julia K Copeland
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Victoria Forte
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Translational Medicine Program, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada; Evaluative and Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Philip M Sherman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Cell Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Amel Taibi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christopher Tomlinson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Translational Medicine Program, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Division of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sharon Unger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Division of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Pauline W Wang
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Translational Medicine Program, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
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14
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Meier PP. More evidence: Mothers’ own milk is personalized medicine for very low birthweight infants. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100710. [PMID: 35977466 PMCID: PMC9418736 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
“Human milk sources and fortification: Impact on fecal microbiota and calprotectin in premature infants” highlights improved outcomes in predominantly mothers’ own milk-fed versus predominantly pasteurized donor human milk-fed VLBW infants, regardless of fortifier type. Research and practice implications are reviewed.
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15
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Ten-Doménech I, Ramos-Garcia V, Moreno-Torres M, Parra-Llorca A, Gormaz M, Vento M, Kuligowski J, Quintás G. The effect of Holder pasteurization on the lipid and metabolite composition of human milk. Food Chem 2022; 384:132581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Elgersma KM, McKechnie AC, Schorr EN, Shah KM, Trebilcock AL, Ramel SE, Ambrose MB, Swanson NM, Sommerness SA, Spatz DL. The Impact of Human Milk on Outcomes for Infants with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review. Breastfeed Med 2022; 17:393-411. [PMID: 35167760 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for feeding-related morbidity and mortality, with growth failure and oral feeding problems associated with poor outcomes. The benefits of human milk (HM) for preterm infants have been well documented, but evidence on HM for infants with CHD has recently begun to emerge. Objectives: Our primary aim was to examine the impact of HM feeding on outcomes for infants with CHD. Methods: Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines, a search was conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The quality of each study was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Tools. A total of 16 studies were included. Results: There was evidence that an exclusive HM diet reduces the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) for infants with CHD. Evidence with a higher risk for bias indicated that a well-managed HM diet may be associated with improved growth, shorter length of stay, and improved postoperative feeding and nutritional outcomes. Chylothorax outcomes were similar between modified HM and medium-chain triglyceride formula. The studies had significant limitations related to power, lack of control for covariates, and inconsistent delineation of feeding groups. Conclusions: Based on the reduced risk for NEC and given the conclusive benefits in other vulnerable populations, we recommend that clinicians and institutions prioritize programs to support HM feeding for infants with CHD. Large high-quality studies are needed to validate these results. Future work should clarify best practices in managing an HM diet to support optimal growth and development for these infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erica N Schorr
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kavisha M Shah
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna L Trebilcock
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sara E Ramel
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew B Ambrose
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nellie Munn Swanson
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Nursing, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Diane L Spatz
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Nursing Research & Evidence Based Practice, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Aguilar-Lopez M, Wetzel C, MacDonald A, Ho TTB, Donovan SM. Metagenomic profile of the fecal microbiome of preterm infants consuming mother's own milk with bovine milk-based fortifier or infant formula: a cross-sectional study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:435-445. [PMID: 35383822 PMCID: PMC9638768 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm (PT) infants harbor a different gut microbiome than full-term infants. Multiple factors affect gut microbial colonization of PT infants, including low gestational age, high rates of Cesarean section, exposure to antibiotics, and diet. Human milk, whether it's mother's own milk (MOM) or donor human milk, is the preferred feeding mode for PT infants but needs to be fortified to achieve adequate nutrient content. Infant formulas are introduced at later stages if human milk is insufficient or unavailable. How these dietary exposures affect the gut microbiome of PT infants is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to evaluate the metagenomic potential of the fecal microbiome of PT infants consuming MOM with bovine milk-based fortifier compared with PT formula alone. METHODS Forty-two stool samples, from 27 infants consuming MOM or formula (21 samples in each group) were included. Twelve infants had repeated sampling (2-3 samples). Shotgun genomic DNA sequencing was performed and analyzed using MetaPhlAn and HUMAnN2. Multivariate regression analysis, adjusting by the repeated sampling, was used to identify the features that differed between PT infants consuming MOM compared with formula. RESULTS The primary function of the fecal microbiome of PT infants was characterized by a high abundance of biosynthesis pathways. A set of core features was identified; these belonged to pathways for amino acid metabolism and vitamin K-2 biosynthesis. Five pathways significantly differed between the MOM and formula group. Pathways for fatty acid and carbohydrate degradation were significantly higher in the MOM group. Taxonomically, members of the phylum Actinobacteria and the genus Bifidobacterium were higher in PT infants exposed to MOM. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into the influence of feeding MOM compared with infant formula on the structure and function of the fecal microbiome of PT infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Aguilar-Lopez
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Thao T B Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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18
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Socha-Banasiak A, Pawłowska M, Czkwianianc E, Pierzynowska K. From Intrauterine to Extrauterine Life-The Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors in the Regulation of the Intestinal Microbiota Community and Gut Maturation in Early Life. Front Nutr 2022; 8:696966. [PMID: 34977104 PMCID: PMC8718557 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.696966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of the digestive tube and formation of the gut unit as a whole, are regulated by environmental factors through epigenetic modifications which enhance cellular plasticity. The critical period of DNA imprinting lasts from conception until approximately the 1,000th day of human life. During pregnancy, besides agents that may directly promote epigenetic programming (e.g., folate, zinc, and choline supplementation), some factors (e.g., antibiotic use, dietary components) can affect the composition of the mother's microbiota, in turn affecting the fetal microbiome which interacts with the offspring's intestinal epithelial cells. According to available literature that confirms intrauterine microbial colonization, the impact of the microbiome and its metabolites on the genome seems to be key in fetal development, including functional gut maturation and the general health status of the offspring, as well as later on in life. Although the origin of the fetal microbiome is still not well-understood, the bacteria may originate from both the vagina, as the baby is born, as well as from the maternal oral cavity/gut, through the bloodstream. Moreover, the composition of the fetal gut microbiota varies depending on gestational age, which in turn possibly affects the regulation of the immune system at the barrier between mother and fetus, leading to differences in the ability of microorganisms to access and survive in the fetal environment. One of the most important local functions of the gut microbiota during the prenatal period is their exposure to foreign antigens which in turn contributes to immune system and tissue development, including fetal intestinal Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs). Additional factors that determine further infant microbiome development include whether the infant is born premature or at term, the method of delivery, maternal antibiotic use, and the composition of the mother's milk, among others. However, the latest findings highlight the fact that a more diverse infant gut microbiome at birth facilitates the proliferation of stem cells by microbial metabolites and accelerates infant development. This phenomenon confirms the unique role of microbiome. This review emphasizes the crucial perinatal and postnatal factors that may influence fetal and neonatal microbiota, and in turn gut maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Socha-Banasiak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malwina Pawłowska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Czkwianianc
- Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kateryna Pierzynowska
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland
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19
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Wu Q, Farley T, Cui M. Breastfeeding, maternal psychopathological symptoms, and infant problem behaviors among low-income mothers returning to work. Soc Sci Med 2021; 285:114288. [PMID: 34358946 PMCID: PMC8416933 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE One of the biggest challenges for mothers returning to work after childbirth is breastfeeding. Studies documented the physical health benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and children. However, research findings concerning the longitudinal effects of breastfeeding on maternal and children's mental health are mixed. OBJECTIVE The current study investigated the longitudinal effects of the length of breastfeeding on maternal psychopathological symptoms and infants' problem behaviors, among a sample of low-income working mothers. METHODS The sample included 285 infants and their mothers (primarily minority, low-income, and single) who returned to work 3-month postpartum, recruited from an ethnically diverse and economically disadvantaged area in a southern U.S. state. Mothers' breastfeeding behaviors were assessed four times in the first year postpartum, and mothers' psychopathological symptoms and their infants' problem behaviors were reported by mothers two times, at 12-month and 24-month postpartum. RESULTS Path models revealed that high maternal psychopathological symptoms in infancy worsened the effect of breastfeeding on child externalizing behaviors in toddlerhood. Likewise, very high infant externalizing behaviors worsened the effect of breastfeeding on maternal hostility one year later. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the need for implementing prevention interventions with a lifecycle approach and continued, tailored professional breastfeeding support after hospital discharge among at-risk working mothers. Findings of this study can inform public policy by highlighting the importance of considering joint breastfeeding support and mental health counseling in the delivery of services to mothers and their infants who live in under-resourced environments and struggle with maternal psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, USA.
| | - Tatjana Farley
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, USA
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, USA
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20
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Coscia A, Bardanzellu F, Caboni E, Fanos V, Peroni DG. When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020148. [PMID: 33669262 PMCID: PMC7920069 DOI: 10.3390/life11020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of human microbiota as a short- and long-term health promoter and modulator has been affirmed and progressively strengthened. In the course of one’s life, each subject is colonized by a great number of bacteria, which constitute its specific and individual microbiota. Human bacterial colonization starts during fetal life, in opposition to the previous paradigm of the “sterile womb”. Placenta, amniotic fluid, cord blood and fetal tissues each have their own specific microbiota, influenced by maternal health and habits and having a decisive influence on pregnancy outcome and offspring outcome. The maternal microbiota, especially that colonizing the genital system, starts to influence the outcome of pregnancy already before conception, modulating fertility and the success rate of fertilization, even in the case of assisted reproduction techniques. During the perinatal period, neonatal microbiota seems influenced by delivery mode, drug administration and many other conditions. Special attention must be reserved for early neonatal nutrition, because breastfeeding allows the transmission of a specific and unique lactobiome able to modulate and positively affect the neonatal gut microbiota. Our narrative review aims to investigate the currently identified pre- and peri-natal factors influencing neonatal microbiota, before conception, during pregnancy, pre- and post-delivery, since the early microbiota influences the whole life of each subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.C.); (V.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisa Caboni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.C.); (V.F.)
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.C.); (V.F.)
| | - Diego Giampietro Peroni
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy;
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21
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The Metabolomic Analysis of Human Milk Offers Unique Insights into Potential Child Health Benefits. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:12-29. [PMID: 33555534 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human milk is the gold standard of infant nutrition. The milk changes throughout lactation and is tailored for the infant providing the nutrients, minerals and vitamins necessary for supporting healthy infant growth. Human milk also contains low molecular weight compounds (metabolites) possibly eliciting important bioactivity. Metabolomics is the study of these metabolites. The purpose of this review was to examine recent metabolomics studies and cohort studies on human milk to assess the impact of human milk metabolomic analyses combined with investigations of infant growth and development. RECENT FINDINGS The metabolite profile of human milk varies among other factors according to lactation stage, gestation at birth, and maternal genes, diet and disease state. Few studies investigate how these variations impact infant growth and development. Several time-related factors affecting human milk metabolome are potentially ubiquitous among mothers, although maternal-related factors are heavily confounded, which complicates studies of metabolite abundancies and variabilities and further possibilities of observing cause and effect in infants.
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