Association of habitual coffee consumption and kidney function: A prospective analysis in the Rotterdam Study

The association between the amount and timing of coffee consumption with chronic kidney disease in diabetic patients

Previous studies have suggested that diabetic patients should align their food and nutrient intake with their biological metabolic rhythm. However, the optimal timing of coffee consumption to prevent the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetic patients remains unknown. This study aims to examine the association between the amount and timing of coffee consumption and CKD prevalence in diabetic patients. We recruited a nationally representative sample of 8564 diabetes patients from NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) from 2003 to 2018. Coffee intake was assessed using a 24 hour dietary recall and categorized into different time periods throughout the day: dawn-to-forenoon (5:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m.), forenoon-to-noon (8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.), noon-to-evening (12:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.), and evening-to-dawn (6:00 p.m. to 5:00 a.m.). Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the amount and timing of coffee consumption and the prevalence of CKD in diabetic patients. After adjusting for potential confounders, diabetic patients who had the status of coffee consumption throughout the day had a lower prevalence of CKD compared to those who did not (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80-0.99). In terms of the timing of coffee consumption, diabetic patients who consumed coffee or had higher levels of coffee consumption from dawn-to-forenoon had a lower incidence risk of CKD (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77-0.98; OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.98). Conversely, diabetic patients who consumed higher levels of coffee during the noon-to-evening and evening-to-dawn periods had an increased incidence risk of CKD (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.07-1.71 and OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01-1.64, respectively). These observations remained robust across different participant subtypes. Our results indicated that diabetic patients who consumed coffee from dawn-to-forenoon had a lower risk of developing CKD, while those who consumed coffee from noon-to-evening or evening-to-dawn had an increased risk.

The Rotterdam Study. Design update and major findings between 2020 and 2024

The Rotterdam Study is a population-based cohort study, started in 1990 in the district of Ommoord in the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands, with the aim to describe the prevalence and incidence, unravel the etiology, and identify targets for prediction, prevention or intervention of multifactorial diseases in mid-life and elderly. The study currently includes 17,931 participants (overall response rate 65%), aged 40 years and over, who are examined in-person every 3 to 5 years in a dedicated research facility, and who are followed-up continuously through automated linkage with health care providers, both regionally and nationally. Research within the Rotterdam Study is carried out along two axes. First, research lines are oriented around diseases and clinical conditions, which are reflective of medical specializations. Second, cross-cutting research lines transverse these clinical demarcations allowing for inter- and multidisciplinary research. These research lines generally reflect subdomains within epidemiology. This paper describes recent methodological updates and main findings from each of these research lines. Also, future perspective for coming years highlighted.