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Koehler FC, Späth MR, Meyer AM, Müller RU. Fueling the success of transplantation through nutrition: recent insights into nutritional interventions, their interplay with gut microbiota and cellular mechanisms. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2024; 29:284-293. [PMID: 38861189 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of nutrition in organ health including solid organ transplantation is broadly accepted, but robust data on nutritional regimens remains scarce calling for further investigation of specific dietary approaches at the different stages of organ transplantation. This review gives an update on the latest insights into nutritional interventions highlighting the potential of specific dietary regimens prior to transplantation aiming for organ protection and the interplay between dietary intake and gut microbiota. RECENT FINDINGS Nutrition holds the potential to optimize patients' health prior to and after surgery, it may enhance patients' ability to cope with the procedure-associated stress and it may accelerate their recovery from surgery. Nutrition helps to reduce morbidity and mortality in addition to preserve graft function. In the case of living organ donation, dietary preconditioning strategies promise novel approaches to limit ischemic organ damage during transplantation and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms of diet-induced organ protection. Functioning gut microbiota are required to limit systemic inflammation and to generate protective metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids or hydrogen sulfide. SUMMARY Nutritional intervention is a promising therapeutic concept including the pre- and rehabilitation stage in order to improve the recipients' outcome after solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C Koehler
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin R Späth
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna M Meyer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Riccardi G, Vaccaro O. Association of glycaemic index and glycaemic load with type 2 diabetes and related conditions in prospective studies. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:85-86. [PMID: 38272609 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Riccardi
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Olga Vaccaro
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
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Pavlidou E, Papadopoulou SK, Fasoulas A, Papaliagkas V, Alexatou O, Chatzidimitriou M, Mentzelou M, Giaginis C. Diabesity and Dietary Interventions: Evaluating the Impact of Mediterranean Diet and Other Types of Diets on Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Management. Nutrients 2023; 16:34. [PMID: 38201865 PMCID: PMC10780530 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabesity, the intersection of obesity and diabetes, presents a global health crisis with profound implications. Addressing diabesity requires multifaceted strategies, with diet playing a pivotal role. Over the last 15 years, clinical studies have intensified their exploration of various dietary approaches in diabesity management. This literature review aims to synthesize findings from clinical studies conducted in the last 15 years, shedding light on the efficacy, mechanisms, and nuances of different diet types in diabesity management with special focus on the Mediterranean diet (MD). METHODS Thorough research of academic databases yielded a collection of relevant clinical studies. These studies encompassed a range of dietary strategies, including the MD, low-carbohydrate diets, plant-based diets, high-protein diets, low-fat regimens, and intermittent fasting. Key findings, methodologies, and outcomes were thoroughly extracted and analyzed. RESULTS The last 15 years have witnessed considerable improvements in recognizing the role of human nutritional habits in diabesity management. The MD appears to be the most well-recognized diet, exerting favorable effects against both obesity and diabetes. Low-carbohydrate diets were found to enhance glycemic regulation and decrease insulin resistance. Plant-based diets demonstrated potential benefits in weight management and cardiometabolic health. High-protein, low-fat dietary models exhibited positive effects on satiety and body weight decline. Intermittent fasting regimens also exerted metabolic improvements and body weight decline. Personalization emerged as a crucial factor in dietary recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Clinical studies from the last 15 years underscore the intricate relationship between diet types and diabesity management. The above results contribute to an increasing body of evidence, emphasizing the need for tailored dietary approaches and especially the MD. Healthcare providers can utilize this knowledge to offer personalized dietary recommendations for individuals with diabesity, potentially curbing the rise of these twin epidemics and improving the well-being of affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Fasoulas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Olga Alexatou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Maria Chatzidimitriou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
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Skantze V, Hjorth T, Wallman M, Brunius C, Dicksved J, Pelve EA, Esberg A, Vitale M, Giacco R, Costabile G, Bergia RE, Jirstrand M, Campbell WW, Riccardi G, Landberg R. Differential Responders to a Mixed Meal Tolerance Test Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors and Gut Microbiota-Data from the MEDGI-Carb Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4369. [PMID: 37892445 PMCID: PMC10609681 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has surged in recent decades, and the identification of differential glycemic responders can aid tailored treatment for the prevention of prediabetes and T2DM. A mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) based on regular foods offers the potential to uncover differential responders in dynamical postprandial events. We aimed to fit a simple mathematical model on dynamic postprandial glucose data from repeated MMTTs among participants with elevated T2DM risk to identify response clusters and investigate their association with T2DM risk factors and gut microbiota. Data were used from a 12-week multi-center dietary intervention trial involving high-risk T2DM adults, comparing high- versus low-glycemic index foods within a Mediterranean diet context (MEDGICarb). Model-based analysis of MMTTs from 155 participants (81 females and 74 males) revealed two distinct plasma glucose response clusters that were associated with baseline gut microbiota. Cluster A, inversely associated with HbA1c and waist circumference and directly with insulin sensitivity, exhibited a contrasting profile to cluster B. Findings imply that a standardized breakfast MMTT using regular foods could effectively distinguish non-diabetic individuals at varying risk levels for T2DM using a simple mechanistic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Skantze
- Fraunhofer-Chalmers Research Centre for Industrial Mathematics, 412 88 Gothenburg, Sweden (M.J.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (T.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Therese Hjorth
- Department of Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (T.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Mikael Wallman
- Fraunhofer-Chalmers Research Centre for Industrial Mathematics, 412 88 Gothenburg, Sweden (M.J.)
| | - Carl Brunius
- Department of Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (T.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Johan Dicksved
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik A. Pelve
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Anders Esberg
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (R.G.); (G.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (R.G.); (G.C.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (R.G.); (G.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Robert E. Bergia
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA (W.W.C.)
| | - Mats Jirstrand
- Fraunhofer-Chalmers Research Centre for Industrial Mathematics, 412 88 Gothenburg, Sweden (M.J.)
| | - Wayne W. Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA (W.W.C.)
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (R.G.); (G.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (T.H.); (R.L.)
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