1
|
Aldrich KE, Lam MN, Eiroa-Lledo C, Kozimor SA, Lilley LM, Mocko V, Stein BW. Preparation of an Actinium-228 Generator. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3200-3206. [PMID: 32062965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Advances in targeted α-therapies have increased the interest in actinium (Ac), whose chemistry is poorly defined due to scarcity and radiological hazards. Challenges associated with characterizing Ac3+ chemistry are magnified by its 5f06d0 electronic configuration, which precludes the use of many spectroscopic methods amenable to small amounts of material and low concentrations (like EPR, UV-vis, fluorescence). In terms of nuclear spectroscopy, many actinium isotopes (225Ac and 227Ac) are equally "unfriendly" because the actinium α-, β-, and γ-emissions are difficult to resolve from the actinium daughters. To address these issues, we developed a method for isolating an actinium isotope (228Ac) whose nuclear properties are well-suited for γ-spectroscopy. This four-step procedure isolates 228Ra from naturally occurring 232Th. The relatively long-lived 228Ra (t1/2 = 5.75(3) years) radioisotope subsequently decays to 228Ac. Because the 228Ac decay rate [t1/2 = 6.15(2) h] is fast, 228Ac rapidly regenerates after being harvested from the 228Ra parent. The resulting 228Ac generator provides frequent and long-term access (of many years) to the spectroscopically "friendly" 228Ac radionuclide. We have demonstrated that the 228Ac product can be routinely "milked" from this generator on a daily basis, in chemically pure form, with high specific activity and in excellent yield (∼95%). Hence, in the same way that developing synthesis routes to new starting materials has advanced coordination chemistry for many metals by broadening access, this 228Ac generator has the potential to broaden actinium access for the inorganic community, facilitating the characterization of actinium chemical behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Aldrich
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Mila Nhu Lam
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Eiroa-Lledo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Laura M Lilley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Veronika Mocko
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Benjamin W Stein
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vassileva V, Rajkumar V, Mazzantini M, Robson M, Badar A, Sharma S, Årstad E, Hochhauser D, Lythgoe MF, Kinghorn J, Boxer GM, Pedley RB. Significant Therapeutic Efficacy with Combined Radioimmunotherapy and Cetuximab in Preclinical Models of Colorectal Cancer. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1239-45. [PMID: 26045312 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.157362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Despite extensive efforts to improve the clinical management of patients with colorectal cancer, approved treatments for advanced disease offer limited survival benefit. Therefore, the identification of novel treatment strategies is essential. We evaluated the preclinical efficacy of combination radioimmunotherapy, using a humanized (131)I-labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody ((131)I-huA5B7), with cetuximab in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Three human CRC cell lines--SW1222, LoVo, and LS174T--were used to generate subcutaneous xenografts, and stably luciferase-transfected SW1222 cells were used to establish a model of hepatic metastases in immunocompromised mice. Imaging and biodistribution studies were conducted to confirm the selective tumor localization of (131)I-huA5B7. Efficacy was evaluated on the basis of tumor growth delay and survival, along with markers of DNA damage response, cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis. RESULTS Selective tumor targeting was achieved with (131)I-huA5B7 alone or in combination with cetuximab without observable toxicity. Compared with monotherapy, combining cetuximab with radioimmunotherapy significantly and synergistically reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival of mice in 2 of the subcutaneous and in the metastatic tumor model. Evidence of DNA damage, G2/M arrest, significantly decreased proliferation, and increased apoptosis were observed with radioimmunotherapy and the combination therapy. However, a significant decrease in DNA-protein kinase expression with the combination regimen suggests that the addition of cetuximab suppressed DNA repair. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate enhanced therapeutic efficacy with the combination of cetuximab and radioimmunotherapy in CRC, which could potentially translate into successful clinical outcomes. This strategy could improve the treatment of residual disease postoperatively and ultimately prevent or delay recurrence. Furthermore, other carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing malignancies could also benefit from this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vessela Vassileva
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United
| | - Vineeth Rajkumar
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United
| | - Mario Mazzantini
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United
| | - Mathew Robson
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United
| | - Adam Badar
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Surinder Sharma
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United
| | - Erik Årstad
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Hochhauser
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jane Kinghorn
- Translational Research Office, University College London
| | - Geoffrey M Boxer
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Monte Carlo Calculation of Radioimmunotherapy with (90)Y-, (177)Lu-, (131)I-, (124)I-, and (188)Re-Nanoobjects: Choice of the Best Radionuclide for Solid Tumour Treatment by Using TCP and NTCP Concepts. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2015; 2015:284360. [PMID: 26136812 PMCID: PMC4469173 DOI: 10.1155/2015/284360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy has shown that the use of monoclonal antibodies combined with a radioisotope like 131I or 90Y still remains ineffective for solid and radioresistant tumour treatment. Previous simulations have revealed that an increase in the number of 90Y labelled to each antibody or nanoobject could be a solution to improve treatment output. It now seems important to assess the treatment output and toxicity when radionuclides such as 90Y, 177Lu, 131I, 124I, and 188Re are used. Tumour control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) curves versus the number of radionuclides per nanoobject were computed with MCNPX to evaluate treatment efficacy for solid tumours and to predict the incidence of surrounding side effects. Analyses were carried out for two solid tumour sizes of 0.5 and 1.0 cm radius and for nanoobject (i.e., a radiolabelled antibody) distributed uniformly or nonuniformly throughout a solid tumour (e.g., Non-small-cell-lung cancer (NSCLC)). 90Y and 188Re are the best candidates for solid tumour treatment when only one radionuclide is coupled to one carrier. Furthermore, regardless of the radionuclide properties, high values of TCP can be reached without toxicity if the number of radionuclides per nanoobject increases.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dearling JLJ, Paterson BM, Akurathi V, Betanzos-Lara S, Treves ST, Voss SD, White JM, Huston JS, Smith SV, Donnelly PS, Packard AB. The ionic charge of copper-64 complexes conjugated to an engineered antibody affects biodistribution. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:707-17. [PMID: 25719414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of biomolecules as imaging probes requires radiolabeling methods that do not significantly influence their biodistribution. Sarcophagine (Sar) chelators form extremely stable complexes with copper and are therefore a promising option for labeling proteins with (64)Cu. However, initial studies using the first-generation sarcophagine bifunctional chelator SarAr to label the engineered antibody fragment ch14.18-ΔCH2 (MW 120 kDa) with (64)Cu showed high tracer retention in the kidneys, presumably because the high local positive charge on the Cu(II)-SarAr moiety resulted in increased binding of the labeled protein to the negatively charged basal cells of the glomerulus. To test this hypothesis, ch14.18-ΔCH2 was conjugated with a series of Sar derivatives of decreasing positive charge and three commonly used macrocyclic polyaza polycarboxylate (PAC) bifunctional chelators (BFC). The immunoconjugates were labeled with (64)Cu and injected into mice, and PET/CT images were obtained at 24 and 48 h postinjection (p.i.). At 48 h p.i., ex vivo biodistribution was assessed. In addition, to demonstrate the potential of metastasis detection using (64)Cu-labeled ch14.18-ΔCH2, a preclinical imaging study of intrahepatic neuroblastoma tumors was performed. Reducing the positive charge on the Sar chelators decreased kidney uptake of Cu-labeled ch14.18-ΔCH2 by more than 6-fold, from >45 to <6% ID/g, whereas the uptake in most other tissues, including liver, was relatively unchanged. However, despite this dramatic decrease, the renal uptake of the PAC BFCs was generally lower than that of the Sar derivatives, as was the liver uptake. Uptake of (64)Cu-labeled ch14.18-ΔCH2 in neuroblastoma hepatic metastases was detected using PET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L J Dearling
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Brett M Paterson
- §School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vamsidhar Akurathi
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Soledad Betanzos-Lara
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - S Ted Treves
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Stephan D Voss
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan M White
- §School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Suzanne V Smith
- #Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- §School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alan B Packard
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Friesen C, Roscher M, Hormann I, Leib O, Marx S, Moreno J, Miltner E. Anti-CD33-antibodies labelled with the alpha-emitter Bismuth-213 kill CD33-positive acute myeloid leukaemia cells specifically by activation of caspases and break radio- and chemoresistance by inhibition of the anti-apoptotic proteins X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and B-cell lymphoma-extra large. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:2542-54. [PMID: 23684782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The emerging interest in radioimmunotherapies employing alpha-emitters for cancer treatment like high risk-leukaemia leads to the question of how these radionuclides exhibit their cytotoxicity. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of cell death induction, we investigated the molecular effects of the alpha-emitter Bismuth-213 (Bi-213) bound to a monoclonal anti-CD33-antibody ([Bi-213]anti-CD33) on the cell cycle and on apoptosis induction in sensitive as well as in beta- and gamma-radiation-resistant CD33-positive acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells. METHODS The cytotoxic potential of the radioimmunoconjugate [Bi-213]anti-CD33 was analysed in the CD33-expressing human AML cell line HL-60 and in radiation- and chemoresistant HL-60-derived cell lines. Cell cycle and apoptosis induction analyses were performed via flow cytometry. Activation of apoptosis pathways was determined by immunodetection. RESULTS [Bi-213]anti-CD33 induced apoptotic cell death in CD33-positive AML cells specifically. Molecular analyses revealed that the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was activated resulting in caspase-9 activation. In the apoptotic executioner cascade caspase-3 was activated and its substrate poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was cleaved. Notably, [Bi-213]anti-CD33 overcame radio- and chemoresistance by reversing deficient activation of apoptosis pathways in resistant CD33-positive AML cells and by the downregulation of inhibitors of apoptosis B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) involved in leukaemia resistance. CONCLUSION [Bi-213]anti-CD33 exhibits its cytotoxic effects specifically in CD33-expressing AML cells via induction of the intrinsic, mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. The abrogation of chemo- and radioresistances and the reactivation of apoptotic pathways seem to be promising for the treatment of patients with so far untreatable resistant AML and underline the importance of this emerging therapeutic approach of targeted alpha-therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Friesen
- Center for Biomedical Research, University Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute for Legal Medicine, University Ulm, Prittwitzstraße 6, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Mareike Roscher
- Center for Biomedical Research, University Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute for Legal Medicine, University Ulm, Prittwitzstraße 6, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Inis Hormann
- Center for Biomedical Research, University Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute for Legal Medicine, University Ulm, Prittwitzstraße 6, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Leib
- Isotope Technologies Garching GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Marx
- Isotope Technologies Garching GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Josue Moreno
- Isotope Technologies Garching GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Erich Miltner
- Center for Biomedical Research, University Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute for Legal Medicine, University Ulm, Prittwitzstraße 6, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zacchetti A, Martin F, Luison E, Coliva A, Bombardieri E, Allegretti M, Figini M, Canevari S. Antitumor effects of a human dimeric antibody fragment 131I-AFRA-DFM5.3 in a mouse model for ovarian cancer. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:1938-46. [PMID: 22068897 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.086819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED AFRA-DMF5.3 is a human antibody fragment that, as a dimer, specifically binds to the α-folate receptor (FR) on ovary cancer cells. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution parameters of (131)I-AFRA-DFM5.3 after intravenous administration in animal models support its potential therapeutic use. We evaluated its preclinical specificity and therapeutic efficacy in tumor models. METHODS A negative control, AFRA-DFM6.1, was obtained by protein engineering. The activity and specificity of (131)I-AFRA-DFMs were evaluated by systemic administration (intravenous) in subcutaneous tumor xenograft-bearing nude mice. Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and efficacy were assessed by intraperitoneal administration of (131)I-AFRA-DFM5.3 in nude mice bearing 2 different intraperitoneal ovarian carcinoma xenografts. Treatments were tested at different doses and as single or double administrations 1 wk apart. RESULTS In subcutaneous models, (131)I-AFRA-DFM5.3, but not the negative control, was found to reside on FR-positive tumor masses and significantly reduced tumor growth. In intraperitoneal models, early accumulation on free-floating clumps of ovarian cancer cells and solid peritoneal masses was evident after 1 h, and tumor uptake was stable for up to 3 h. The high tumor uptake determined the efficacy of (131)I-AFRA-DFM5.3. The best antitumor activity, with more than 50% of treated animals cured, was achieved with 2 locoregional treatments of intraperitoneally growing tumors on days 2 and 9. CONCLUSION These results suggest that radioimmunotherapy with (131)I-AFRA-DFM5.3 is feasible and leads to significantly prolonged survival. These preclinical data provide the basis for the rationale design of therapeutic treatments of ovarian cancer patients with a radiolabeled anti-FR antibody fragment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zacchetti
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kletting P, Kull T, Bunjes D, Luster M, Reske SN, Glatting G. Optimal preloading in radioimmunotherapy with anti-cD45 antibody. Med Phys 2011; 38:2572-8. [PMID: 21776793 DOI: 10.1118/1.3581059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti-CD45 antibody is predominantly used in the treatment of acute leukemia. CD45 is stably expressed on all leukocytes and their precursors, and therefore the liver and spleen constitute major antigen sinks. Thus, as the red marrow is the target organ, in radioimmunotherapy with anti-CD45 antibody, preloading with unlabeled antibody is a method to increase the absorbed dose to the target cells. In a previous study, a method to individually determine the optimal preload for five patients with acute leukemia was developed. Here, this method is examined and improved using two pretherapeutic measurement series and a refined pharmacokinetic model. METHODS To obtain the biodistribution of 111In-labeled anti-CD45 antibody under different saturation conditions, two measurement series one with and one without preloading were conducted in five patients. For each patient, two physiologically based pharmacokinetic models were fitted to the data and the corrected Akaike information criterion was used to identify the model, which was empirically most supported. The resultant parameter values were compared to values reported in the literature. To individually determine the optimal amount of unlabeled antibody for therapy, computer simulations for preloads ranging from 0 to 60 mg were performed based on the estimated parameters of each patient. The prediction power of the model was assessed by comparing the simulated therapeutic serum curves to the actual 90Y measurements. RESULTS Visual inspection showed good fits and the adjusted R2 was >0.90 for all patients. All parameters were in a physiologically reasonable range. The relative deviation of the predicted area under the therapeutic serum curve and the measured curve was 15%-33%. The optimal preloading increased the marrow-over-liver selectivity up to 3.9 fold compared to the simulated biodistribution using a standard dose (0.5 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS The presented method can be used to individually determine the optimal preload and the corresponding residence times in radioimmunotherapy with anti-CD45 antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kletting
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universität Ulm, D-89070 Ulm, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Research Spotlight - Radioimmunotherapy: optimizing delivery to solid tumors. Ther Deliv 2011; 2:567-72. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a cancer treatment that exploits the specific targeting capability of monoclonal antibodies to deliver cytotoxic radionuclides to antigen-expressing tumor cells or stromal targets. While this has been extremely successful in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, RIT of solid tumors has produced less prolonged effects. In our laboratory, we have developed a bench-to-bedside translational pipeline with the aim of optimizing RIT for solid tumors. We will show how preclinical models of colorectal adenocarcinoma were initially used to study reciprocal interactions between elements of the tumor microenvironment and RIT and to test novel therapeutic strategies. These studies were then used to facilitate the design of novel trials carried out in close collaboration with our clinical colleagues.
Collapse
|
9
|
Targeted cytotoxic therapy: adapting a rapidly progressing anticancer paradigm for depletion of persistent HIV-infected cell reservoirs. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2011; 6:80-5. [PMID: 21242898 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0b013e3283412515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HIV-infected cells persisting in the face of highly active antiretroviral therapy are arguably the greatest hurdle to eradication of the virus from the body. Complementary strategies aimed at selective killing of infected cells are described. RECENT FINDINGS Pioneered by research in the cancer field, various approaches are under development for selective killing of HIV-infected cells. These include targeted cytotoxic proteins, adoptive cell therapy, cytocidal virotherapy, and targeted nonbiological drug carriers. SUMMARY These developmental efforts may provide a critical complement to antiretroviral therapy in efforts to achieve HIV eradication, or a 'functional cure' whereby therapy can be stopped without viral rebound.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mathur V, Satrawala Y, Rajput MS, Kumar P, Shrivastava P, Vishvkarma A. Solid lipid nanoparticles in cancer therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5138/ijdd.2010.0975.0215.02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
11
|
Imaging in targeted delivery of therapy to cancer. Target Oncol 2009; 4:201-17. [PMID: 19838639 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-009-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We review the current status of imaging as applied to targeted therapy with particular focus on antibody-based therapeutics. Antibodies have high tumor specificity and can be engineered to optimize delivery to, and retention within, the tumor. Whole antibodies can activate natural immune effector mechanisms and can be conjugated to beta- and alpha-emitting radionuclides, toxins, enzymes, and nanoparticles for enhanced therapeutic effect. Imaging is central to the development of these agents and is used for patient selection, performing dosimetry and assessment of response. gamma- and positron-emitting radionuclides may be used to image the distribution of antibody-targeted therapeutics While some radionuclides such as iodine-131 emit both beta and gamma radiation and are therefore suitable for both imaging and therapy, others are more suited to imaging or therapy alone. Hence for radionuclide therapy of neuroendocrine tumors, patients can be selected for therapy on the basis of gamma-emitting indium-111-octreotide imaging and treated with beta-emitting yttrium-90-octreotate. Positron-emitting radionuclides can give greater sensitivity that gamma-emitters but only a single radionuclide can be imaged at one time and the range of radionuclides is more limited. The multiple options for antibody-based therapeutic molecules, imaging technologies and therapeutic scenarios mean that very large amounts of diverse data are being acquired. This can be most effectively shared and progress accelerated by use of common data standards for imaging, biological, and clinical data.
Collapse
|
12
|
Dearling JLJ, Flynn AA, Qureshi U, Whiting S, Boxer GM, Green A, Begent RHJ, Pedley RB. Localization of radiolabeled anti-CEA antibody in subcutaneous and intrahepatic colorectal xenografts: influence of tumor size and location within host organ on antibody uptake. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 36:883-94. [PMID: 19875045 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) has been shown to be more effective against solid tumor micrometastases, possibly due to an inverse relationship between tumor size and radiolabeled antibody uptake. In this study, the accretion of radiolabeled antibody in intrahepatic micrometastases in an experimental model was investigated using quantitative digital autoradiography, enabling the analysis of antibody uptake in microscopic tumors. METHODS Mice bearing subcutaneous or intrahepatic metastatic models of LS174T colorectal cancer were injected with radiolabeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody ([(125)I]A5B7). Tissues were taken to investigate distribution of radionuclide and tumor uptake. In a therapy study, mice bearing intrahepatic metastatic tumors were injected with [(131)I]A5B7. RESULTS Subcutaneous tumors and large metastatic deposits had similar uptake (e.g., approximately 15%ID/g at 24 h). Small metastatic deposits had higher uptake (e.g., approximately 80%ID/g at 24 h) and prolonged retention at later time points. Small deposit uptake was significantly reduced by accompanying large deposits in the same liver. RIT resulted in increased survival time (untreated mean survival of 21.6+/-12.9 vs. treated mean survival of 39.1+/-30.8 days), but there was a large range of response within groups, presumably due to variation in pattern and extent of tumor as observed in the biodistribution study. Liver function tests and body weight did not change with tumor growth or therapy response, strongly supporting the use of in vivo imaging in metastatic tumor therapy studies. CONCLUSIONS Radioimmunodetection and therapy might be greatly influenced by the size and distribution of intrahepatic tumor deposits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L J Dearling
- Cancer Research UK Targeting and Imaging Group, Research Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Torres Martin de Rosales R, Årstad E, Blower PJ. Nuclear imaging of molecular processes in cancer. Target Oncol 2009; 4:183-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-009-0120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
14
|
Abstract
Our understanding of how radiation kills normal and tumour cells has been based on an intimate knowledge of the direct induction of DNA damage and its cellular consequences. What has become clear is that, as well as responses to direct DNA damage, cell-cell signalling -- known as the bystander effect -- mediated through gap junctions and inflammatory responses may have an important role in the response of cells and tissues to radiation exposure and also chemotherapy agents. This Review outlines the key aspects of radiation-induced intercellular signalling and assesses its relevance for existing and future radiation-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kletting P, Bunjes D, Reske SN, Glatting G. Improving Anti-CD45 Antibody Radioimmunotherapy Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model. J Nucl Med 2009; 50:296-302. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.108.054189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
16
|
Nestor M, Andersson K, Lundqvist H. Characterization of 111In and 177Lu-labeled antibodies binding to CD44v6 using a novel automated radioimmunoassay. J Mol Recognit 2008; 21:179-83. [PMID: 18438972 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapies rely on bifunctional molecules, typically a protein that specifically recognizes tumor cells and a toxic component which is linked to the protein. Therefore, development of such therapies includes detailed characterizations of protein-cell interactions in order to find a good targeting agent. Knowledge of factors such as antibody-antigen specificity, as well as cellular uptake, retention and affinity of the antibody are necessary in order to be successful. In this paper, we have used a novel instrument, LigandTracer Yellow, to characterize the interactions of (111)In and (177)Lu-labeled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with CD44v6. Uptake studies with varying specific radioactivity of the chimeric MAb U36 and with an irrelevant antibody for the CD44v6 receptor verified the reliability of the method, as well as the specificity of the antibody-receptor binding. Uptake, retention, and affinity were very similar for the (111)In and (177)Lu-labeled conjugate, and were in line with earlier studies using manual methods. The fact that no adverse effects from labeling were seen, together with the high retention, could make these conjugates promising candidates for imaging and therapy of certain cancer types in the future. The novel LigandTracer technology reduced the workload and reagent spending while providing data with superior time resolution. The obtained results were in agreement with previously reported findings. In addition the real-time detection and higher time resolution made more detailed studies of the interactions possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Nestor
- Unit of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Escorcia FE, McDevitt MR, Villa CH, Scheinberg DA. Targeted nanomaterials for radiotherapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2008; 2:805-15. [PMID: 18095847 DOI: 10.2217/17435889.2.6.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have garnered increasing interest recently as potential therapeutic drug-delivery vehicles. Among the existing nanomaterials are the pure carbon-based particles, such as fullerenes and nanotubes, various organic dendrimers, liposomes and other polymeric compounds. These vehicles have been decorated with a wide spectrum of target-reactive ligands, such as antibodies and peptides, which interact with cell-surface tumor antigens or vascular epitopes. Once targeted, these new nanomaterials can then deliver radioisotopes or isotope generators to the cancer cells. Here, we will review some of the more common nanomaterials under investigation and their current and future applications as drug-delivery scaffolds with particular emphasis on targeted cancer radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freddy E Escorcia
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
This review describes strategies for the delivery of therapeutic radionuclides to tumor sites. Therapeutic approaches are summarized in terms of tumor location in the body, and tumor morphology. These determine the radionuclides of choice for suggested targeting ligands, and the type of delivery carriers. This review is not exhaustive in examples of radionuclide carriers for targeted cancer therapy. Our purpose is two-fold: to give an integrated picture of the general strategies and molecular constructs currently explored for the delivery of therapeutic radionuclides, and to identify challenges that need to be addressed. Internal radiotherapies for targeting of cancer are at a very exciting and creative stage. It is expected that the current emphasis on multidisciplinary approaches for exploring such therapeutic directions should enable internal radiotherapy to reach its full potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Sofou
- Laboratory for Drug Delivery Systems, Othmer-Jacobs Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|