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Wan Z, Liu X, Yang X, Huang Z, Chen X, Feng Q, Cao H, Deng H. MicroRNA-411-5p alleviates lipid deposition in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by targeting the EIF4G2/FOXO3 axis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:398. [PMID: 39261317 PMCID: PMC11391004 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal lipid deposition is an important driver of the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). MicroRNA-411-5p (miR-411-5p) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4γ2 (EIF4G2) are related to abnormal lipid deposition, but the specific mechanism is unknown. METHODS A high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD) and a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) and a high-fructose diet (HFrD) were used to establish MASLD rat and mouse models, respectively. MiR-411-5p agomir and mimic were used to upregulate the miR-411-5p in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8) carrying EIF4G2 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to downregulate the EIF4G2 expression in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Liver histopathological analysis, Biochemical analysis and other experiments were used to explore the functions of miR-411-5p and EIF4G2. RESULTS MiR-411-5p was decreased in both MASLD rats and mice, and was negatively correlated with liver triglycerides and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. Upregulation of miR-411-5p alleviated liver lipid deposition and hepatocellular steatosis. Moreover, miR-411-5p targeted and downregulated EIF4G2. Downregulation of EIF4G2 not only reduced liver triglycerides and serum ALT and AST levels in MASLD model, but also alleviated lipid deposition. Notably, upregulation of miR-411-5p and downregulation of EIF4G2 led to the reduction of forkhead box class O3 (FOXO3) and inhibited the expression of sterol regulatory-element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN), thereby reducing fatty acid synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of miR-411-5p inhibits EIF4G2 to reduce the FOXO3 expression, thereby reducing fatty acid synthesis and alleviating abnormal lipid deposition in MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaoquan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaoan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zexuan Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaoman Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Qingqing Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Akiki P, Delamotte P, Montagne J. Lipid Metabolism in Relation to Carbohydrate Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39192070 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates and lipids integrate into a complex metabolic network that is essential to maintain homeostasis. In insects, as in most metazoans, dietary carbohydrates are taken up as monosaccharides whose excess is toxic, even at relatively low concentrations. To cope with this toxicity, monosaccharides are stored either as glycogen or neutral lipids, the latter constituting a quasi-unlimited energy store. Breakdown of these stores in response to energy demand depends on insect species and on several physiological parameters. In this chapter, we review the multiple metabolic pathways and strategies linking carbohydrates and lipids that insects utilize to respond to nutrient availability, food scarcity or physiological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Akiki
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Delamotte
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jacques Montagne
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Yoon DS, Kim JS, Hong MS, Byeon E, Sayed AEDH, Park HG, Lee JS, Lee MC. Effects of bisphenol A on reproduction, oxidative stress, and lipid regulation in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116553. [PMID: 38880034 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This study reports the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, focusing on growth performance, reproductive output, oxidative stress responses, and lipid metabolism genes. High BPA levels disrupted peak daily offspring production and led to oxidative stress and increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. The research identified distinctive monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (MGAT) and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT) genes in B. plicatilis, B. rotundiformis, and B. koreanus, enhancing understanding of lipid metabolism in these species. BPA exposure significantly altered MGAT and DGAT expression, and feeding status affected these regulatory patterns. When food was unavailable, BPA reduced DGAT2 and MGAT2a expression. However, under feeding conditions, DGAT2 and MGAT1 levels increased, indicating that nutritional status and BPA exposure interact to affect gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Seo Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - Mi-Song Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | | | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea.
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Ernst R, Renne MF, Jain A, von der Malsburg A. Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Homeostasis and the Unfolded Protein Response. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041400. [PMID: 38253414 PMCID: PMC11293554 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the key organelle for membrane biogenesis. Most lipids are synthesized in the ER, and most membrane proteins are first inserted into the ER membrane before they are transported to their target organelle. The composition and properties of the ER membrane must be carefully controlled to provide a suitable environment for the insertion and folding of membrane proteins. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a powerful signaling pathway that balances protein and lipid production in the ER. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of how aberrant compositions of the ER membrane, referred to as lipid bilayer stress, trigger the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ernst
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Mike F Renne
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Aamna Jain
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Alexander von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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Rashwan AG, Assar DH, Salah AS, Liu X, Al-Hawary II, Abu-Alghayth MH, Salem SMR, Khalil K, Hanafy NAN, Abdelatty A, Sun L, Elbialy ZI. Dietary Chitosan Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) through Regulation of Nrf2/Kaep1 and Bcl-2/Bax Pathways. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:486. [PMID: 39056682 PMCID: PMC11273726 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Fatty liver injury is a prevalent condition in most farmed fish, yet the molecular mechanisms underpinning this pathology remain largely elusive. A comprehensive feeding trial spanning eight weeks was conducted to discern the potential of dietary chitosan in mitigating the deleterious effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) while concurrently exploring the underlying mechanism. Growth performance, haemato-biochemical capacity, antioxidant capacity, apoptotic/anti-apoptotic gene expression, inflammatory gene expression, and histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, and intestine were meticulously assessed in Nile tilapia. Six experimental diets were formulated with varying concentrations of chitosan. The first three groups were administered a diet comprising 6% fat with chitosan concentrations of 0%, 5%, and 10% and were designated as F6Ch0, F6Ch5, and F6Ch10, respectively. Conversely, the fourth, fifth, and sixth groups were fed a diet containing 12% fat with chitosan concentrations of 0%, 5%, and 10%, respectively, for 60 days and were termed F12Ch0, F12Ch5, and F12Ch10. The results showed that fish fed an HFD demonstrated enhanced growth rates and a significant accumulation of fat in the perivisceral tissue, accompanied by markedly elevated serum hepatic injury biomarkers and serum lipid levels, along with upregulation of pro-apoptotic and inflammatory markers. In stark contrast, the expression levels of nrf2, sod, gpx, and bcl-2 were notably decreased when compared with the control normal fat group. These observations were accompanied by marked diffuse hepatic steatosis, diffuse tubular damage, and shortened intestinal villi. Intriguingly, chitosan supplementation effectively mitigated the aforementioned findings and alleviated intestinal injury by upregulating the expression of tight junction-related genes. It could be concluded that dietary chitosan alleviates the adverse impacts of an HFD on the liver, kidney, and intestine by modulating the impaired antioxidant defense system, inflammation, and apoptosis through the variation in nrf2 and cox2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya G. Rashwan
- Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.G.R.); (I.I.A.-H.)
| | - Doaa H. Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Abdallah S. Salah
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- Single-Cell Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Ibrahim I. Al-Hawary
- Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.G.R.); (I.I.A.-H.)
| | - Mohammed H. Abu-Alghayth
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 255, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shimaa M. R. Salem
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 33516, Egypt;
| | - Karim Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Applied & Health Sciences, A’Sharqiyah University, P.O. Box 42, Ibra 400, Oman;
| | - Nemany A. N. Hanafy
- Group of Molecular Cell Biology and Bionanotechnology, Nanomedicine Department, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Alaa Abdelatty
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Luyang Sun
- Single-Cell Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zizy I. Elbialy
- Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.G.R.); (I.I.A.-H.)
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Dhanyalayam D, Thangavel H, Sidrat T, Oswal N, Lizardo K, Mauro M, Zhao X, Xue HH, Desai JV, Nagajyothi JF. The Influence of Body Fat Dynamics on Pulmonary Immune Responses in Murine Tuberculosis: Unraveling Sex-Specific Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6823. [PMID: 38999932 PMCID: PMC11241512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) highlights a greater susceptibility of males to tuberculosis (TB), a vulnerability attributed to sex-specific variations in body fat and dietary factors. Our study delves into the unexplored terrain of how alterations in body fat influence Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) burden, lung pathology, immune responses, and gene expression, with a focus on sex-specific dynamics. Utilizing a low-dose Mtb-HN878 clinical strain infection model, we employ transgenic FAT-ATTAC mice with modulable body fat to explore the impact of fat loss (via fat ablation) and fat gain (via a medium-fat diet, MFD). Firstly, our investigation unveils that Mtb infection triggers severe pulmonary pathology in males, marked by shifts in metabolic signaling involving heightened lipid hydrolysis and proinflammatory signaling driven by IL-6 and localized pro-inflammatory CD8+ cells. This stands in stark contrast to females on a control regular diet (RD). Secondly, our findings indicate that both fat loss and fat gain in males lead to significantly elevated (1.6-fold (p ≤ 0.01) and 1.7-fold (p ≤ 0.001), respectively) Mtb burden in the lungs compared to females during Mtb infection (where fat loss and gain did not alter Mtb load in the lungs). This upsurge is associated with impaired lung lipid metabolism and intensified mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation-regulated activity in lung CD8+ cells during Mtb infection. Additionally, our research brings to light that females exhibit a more robust systemic IFNγ (p ≤ 0.001) response than males during Mtb infection. This heightened response may either prevent active disease or contribute to latency in females during Mtb infection. In summary, our comprehensive analysis of the interplay between body fat changes and sex bias in Mtb infection reveals that alterations in body fat critically impact pulmonary pathology in males. Specifically, these changes significantly reduce the levels of pulmonary CD8+ T-cells and increase the Mtb burden in the lungs compared to females. The reduction in CD8+ cells in males is linked to an increase in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and a decrease in TNFα, which are essential for CD8+ cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Dhanyalayam
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Hariprasad Thangavel
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Tabinda Sidrat
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Neelam Oswal
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Kezia Lizardo
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Michael Mauro
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Jigar V Desai
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Jyothi F Nagajyothi
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
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Das S, Mukhuty A, Mullen GP, Rudolph MC. Adipocyte Mitochondria: Deciphering Energetic Functions across Fat Depots in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6681. [PMID: 38928386 PMCID: PMC11203708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, a central player in energy balance, exhibits significant metabolic flexibility that is often compromised in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mitochondrial dysfunction within adipocytes leads to inefficient lipid handling and increased oxidative stress, which together promote systemic metabolic disruptions central to obesity and its complications. This review explores the pivotal role that mitochondria play in altering the metabolic functions of the primary adipocyte types, white, brown, and beige, within the context of obesity and T2D. Specifically, in white adipocytes, these dysfunctions contribute to impaired lipid processing and an increased burden of oxidative stress, worsening metabolic disturbances. Conversely, compromised mitochondrial function undermines their thermogenic capabilities, reducing the capacity for optimal energy expenditure in brown adipocytes. Beige adipocytes uniquely combine the functional properties of white and brown adipocytes, maintaining morphological similarities to white adipocytes while possessing the capability to transform into mitochondria-rich, energy-burning cells under appropriate stimuli. Each type of adipocyte displays unique metabolic characteristics, governed by the mitochondrial dynamics specific to each cell type. These distinct mitochondrial metabolic phenotypes are regulated by specialized networks comprising transcription factors, co-activators, and enzymes, which together ensure the precise control of cellular energy processes. Strong evidence has shown impaired adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism and faulty upstream regulators in a causal relationship with obesity-induced T2D. Targeted interventions aimed at improving mitochondrial function in adipocytes offer a promising therapeutic avenue for enhancing systemic macronutrient oxidation, thereby potentially mitigating obesity. Advances in understanding mitochondrial function within adipocytes underscore a pivotal shift in approach to combating obesity and associated comorbidities. Reigniting the burning of calories in adipose tissues, and other important metabolic organs such as the muscle and liver, is crucial given the extensive role of adipose tissue in energy storage and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehasis Das
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Alpana Mukhuty
- Department of Zoology, Rampurhat College, Rampurhat 731224, India
| | - Gregory P. Mullen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael C. Rudolph
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Xu M, Wang W, Cheng J, Qu H, Xu M, Wang L. Effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on cellular function: Role in atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116587. [PMID: 38636397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, an immunoinflammatory disease of medium and large arteries, is associated with life-threatening clinical events, such as acute coronary syndromes and stroke. Chronic inflammation and impaired lipoprotein metabolism are considered to be among the leading causes of atherosclerosis, while numerous risk factors, including arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and aging, can contribute to the development of the disease. In recent years, emerging evidence has underlined the key role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is believed to result in an increase in reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and intracellular lipid deposition, all of which can contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Critical cells, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, play an important role in atherosclerosis. Mitochondrial function is also involved in maintaining the normal function of these cells. To better understand the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, this review summarizes the findings of recent studies and discusses the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the risk factors and critical cells of atherosclerosis. FACTS: OPEN QUESTIONS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwen Xu
- Clinical Skills Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingpei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Basic Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hongen Qu
- Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Minjuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Liefeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Basic Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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9
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Taheripak G, Sabeti N, Najar N, Razavi Z, Saharkhiz S, Alipourfard I. SIRT1 activation attenuates palmitate induced apoptosis in C 2C 12 muscle cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:354. [PMID: 38400872 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09250-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, which manifests mainly in skeletal muscles. SIRT1 has been found to play a role in the insulin signaling pathway. However, the molecular underpinnings of SIRT1's function in palmitate fatty acid-induced apoptosis still need to be better understood. METHODS In this research, skeletal muscle cells are treated with palmitate to be insulin resistant. It is approached that SIRT1 is downregulated in C2C12 muscle cells during palmitate-induced apoptosis and that activating SIRT1 mitigates this effect. RESULTS Based on these findings, palmitate-induced apoptosis suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis by lowering PGC-1 expression, while SIRT1 overexpression boosted. The SIRT1 inhibitor sirtinol, on the other hand, decreased mitochondrial biogenesis under the same conditions. This research also shows that ROS levels rise in the conditions necessary for apoptosis induction by palmitate, and ROS inhibitors can mitigate this effect. This work demonstrated that lowering ROS levels by boosting SIRT1 expression inhibited apoptotic induction in skeletal muscle cells. CONCLUSION This study's findings suggested that SIRT1 can improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes by slowing the rate of lipo-apoptosis and boosting mitochondrial biogenesis, among other benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Taheripak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niusha Sabeti
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naba Najar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahrasadat Razavi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Saharkhiz
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland.
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10
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Liu S, He M, Jiang J, Duan X, Chai B, Zhang J, Tao Q, Chen H. Triggers for the onset and recurrence of psoriasis: a review and update. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:108. [PMID: 38347543 PMCID: PMC10860266 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease, involving a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, non-genetic factors are also necessary to trigger the onset and recurrence of psoriasis in genetically predisposed individuals, which include infections, microbiota dysbiosis of the skin and gut, dysregulated lipid metabolism, dysregulated sex hormones, and mental illness. Psoriasis can also be induced by other environmental triggers, such as skin trauma, unhealthy lifestyles, and medications. Understanding how these triggers play a role in the onset and recurrence of psoriasis provides insights into psoriasis pathogenesis, as well as better clinical administration. In this review, we summarize the triggers for the onset and recurrence of psoriasis and update the current evidence on the underlying mechanism of how these factors elicit the disease. Video Abstract.
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Grants
- No.82173423, No.81974475, No.82103731 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- No.82173423, No.81974475, No.82103731 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- No.82173423, No.81974475, No.82103731 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Basic Research Project, No. JCYJ20190809103805589 Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation
- Basic Research Project, No. JCYJ20190809103805589 Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation
- Basic Research Project, No. JCYJ20190809103805589 Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation
- Key Project, No.2019003 Shenzhen Nanshan District Science and Technology Project
- Key Project, No.2019003 Shenzhen Nanshan District Science and Technology Project
- Key Project, No.2019003 Shenzhen Nanshan District Science and Technology Project
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengwen He
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoru Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bao Chai
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
- Department of Dermatology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
- Department of Dermatology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Qingxiao Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
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11
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Engin AB. Mechanism of Obesity-Related Lipotoxicity and Clinical Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:131-166. [PMID: 39287851 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The link between cellular exposure to fatty acid species and toxicity phenotypes remains poorly understood. However, structural characterization and functional profiling of human plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) analysis has revealed that FFAs are located either in the toxic cluster or in the cluster that is transcriptionally responsive to lipotoxic stress and creates genetic risk factors. Genome-wide short hairpin RNA screen has identified more than 350 genes modulating lipotoxicity. Hypertrophic adipocytes in obese adipose are both unable to expand further to store excess lipids in the diet and are resistant to the antilipolytic action of insulin. In addition to lipolysis, the inability of packaging the excess lipids into lipid droplets causes circulating fatty acids to reach toxic levels in non-adipose tissues. Deleterious effects of accumulated lipid in non-adipose tissues are known as lipotoxicity. Although triglycerides serve a storage function for long-chain non-esterified fatty acid and their products such as ceramide and diacylglycerols (DAGs), overloading of palmitic acid fraction of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) raises ceramide levels. The excess DAG and ceramide load create harmful effects on multiple organs and systems, inducing chronic inflammation in obesity. Thus, lipotoxic inflammation results in β cells death and pancreatic islets dysfunction. Endoplasmic reticulum stress stimuli induce lipolysis by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 signaling in adipocytes. However, palmitic acid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-autophagy axis in hypertrophic adipocytes is a pro-survival mechanism against endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death induced by SFAs. Endoplasmic reticulum-localized acyl-coenzyme A (CoA): glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) enzymes are mediators of lipotoxicity, and inhibiting these enzymes has therapeutic potential for lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity increases the number of autophagosomes, which engulf palmitic acid, and thus suppress the autophagic turnover. Fatty acid desaturation promotes palmitate detoxification and storages into triglycerides. As therapeutic targets of glucolipotoxicity, in addition to caloric restriction and exercise, there are four different pharmacological approaches, which consist of metformin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) ligands thiazolidinediones, and chaperones are still used in clinical practice. Furthermore, induction of the brown fat-like phenotype with the mixture of eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid appears as a potential therapeutic application for treatment of lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey.
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12
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Engin A. Reappraisal of Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:297-327. [PMID: 39287856 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a central component in the pathogenesis of obesity-related expansion of adipose tissue and complications in other metabolic tissues. Five different signaling pathways are defined as dominant determinants of adipose tissue inflammation: These are increased circulating endotoxin due to dysregulation in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, systemic oxidative stress, macrophage accumulation, and adipocyte death. Finally, the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD) leucine-rich repeat family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway is noted to be a key regulator of metabolic inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome and associated metabolic inflammation play an important role in the relationships among fatty acids and obesity. Several highly active molecules, including primarily leptin, resistin, adiponectin, visfatin, and classical cytokines, are abundantly released from adipocytes. The most important cytokines that are released by inflammatory cells infiltrating obese adipose tissue are tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) (CCL-2), and IL-1. All these molecules mentioned above act on immune cells, causing local and then general inflammation. Three metabolic pathways are noteworthy in the development of adipose tissue inflammation: toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-derived unfolded protein response (UPR), and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase beta (IKKβ)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In fact, adipose tissue inflammation is an adaptive response that contributes to a visceral depot barrier that effectively filters gut-derived endotoxin. Excessive fatty acid release worsens adipose tissue inflammation and contributes to insulin resistance. However, suppression of adipose inflammation in obesity with anti-inflammatory drugs is not a rational solution and paradoxically promotes insulin resistance, despite beneficial effects on weight gain. Inflammatory pathways in adipocytes are indeed indispensable for maintaining systemic insulin sensitivity. Cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) is important in obesity-induced pro-inflammatory response; however, blockade of CB1R, contrary to anti-inflammatory drugs, breaks the links between insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation. Obesity, however, could be decreased by improving leptin signaling, white adipose tissue browning, gut microbiota interactions, and alleviating inflammation. Furthermore, capsaicin synthesized by chilies is thought to be a new and promising therapeutic option in obesity, as it prevents metabolic endotoxemia and systemic chronic low-grade inflammation caused by high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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13
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Faccioli LA, Sun Y, Motomura T, Liu Z, Kurihara T, Hu Z, Cetin Z, Franks J, Stolz D, Ostrowska A, Florentino RM, Fox IJ, Soto-Gutierrez A. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell based Hepatic-Modeling of Lipid metabolism associated TM6SF2 E167K variant. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.18.572248. [PMID: 38187603 PMCID: PMC10769275 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS TM6SF2 rs58542926 (E167K) is associated with an increase in the prevalence of Metabolic Disfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Despite all the investigation related to the role of this variant in lipid metabolism, conflicting results in mouse studies underscore the importance of creating a human model for understanding the TM6SF2 mechanism. Therefore, the aim of this study is to generate a reliable human in vitro model that mimic the effects of the TM6SF2 E167K mutation and can be used for future mechanism studies. APPROACH AND RESULTS We performed gene editing on human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from a healthy individual to obtain the cells carrying the TM6SF2 E167K mutation. After hepatic differentiation, a decrease in TM6SF2 protein expression was observed in the mutated-induced hepatocyte. An increase in intracellular lipid droplets and a decrease in the efflux of cholesterol and ApoB100 were also observed. Transcriptomics analysis showed up-regulation of genes related to the transport, flux, and oxidation of lipids, fatty acids, and cholesterol in TM6SF2 E167K cells. Additionally, signs of cellular stress were observed in the ER and mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that induced hepatocytes generated from iPSC carrying the TM6SF2 E167K recapitulate the effects observed in human hepatocytes from individuals with the TM6SF2 mutation. This study characterizes an in vitro model that can be used as a platform to help in the identification of potential clinical targets and therapies and to understand the mechanism by which the TM6SF2 E167K variant leads to vulnerability to MASLD.
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14
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Mendes AF, Puelker RZ, Souza LFAD, Jacintho ARC, Dos Santos PH, Giometti IC, Firetti SM, Castilho ACDS, Zundt M, Membrive CMB, Castilho C. In vitro maturation in synthetic oviductal fluid increases gene expression associated with quality and lipid metabolism in bovine oocytes. ZYGOTE 2023; 31:582-587. [PMID: 37955189 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199423000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, in vitro oocyte and embryo culture progresses through a series of varying culture medium. To investigate simplifying the in vitro production of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), this study used synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Special interest was placed on gene expression linked to lipid metabolism and oocyte maturation. COCs were matured in different media: Medium 199 (M199 group), M199 with 100 μM CLA (M199 + CLA group), SOF (SOF group), and SOF with 100 μM CLA (SOF + CLA group). COCs matured with SOF showed a higher relative abundance of mRNA of quality indicators gremlin 1 (GREM1) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) in oocytes, and GREM1 in cumulus cells compared with in the M199 group. SOF medium COCs had a higher relative abundance of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) compared with the M199 group, which is essential for lipid metabolism in oocytes. Furthermore, the abundance of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) in oocytes matured with SOF was not influenced by the addition of CLA, whereas the relative abundance of SCD1 was reduced in M199 medium with CLA. We concluded that maturation in SOF medium results in a greater abundance of genes linked to quality and lipidic metabolism in oocytes, regardless of the addition of CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilian Francisco Arantes de Souza
- University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sheila Merlo Firetti
- University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anthony César de Souza Castilho
- University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilice Zundt
- University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Caliê Castilho
- University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Espinoza-Derout J, Arambulo JML, Ramirez-Trillo W, Rivera JC, Hasan KM, Lao CJ, Jordan MC, Shao XM, Roos KP, Sinha-Hikim AP, Friedman TC. The lipolysis inhibitor acipimox reverses the cardiac phenotype induced by electronic cigarettes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18239. [PMID: 37880325 PMCID: PMC10600141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a prevalent alternative to conventional nicotine cigarettes among smokers and people who have never smoked. Increased concentrations of serum free fatty acids (FFAs) are crucial in generating lipotoxicity. We studied the effects of acipimox, an antilipolytic drug, on e-cigarette-induced cardiac dysfunction. C57BL/6J wild-type mice on high fat diet were treated with saline, e-cigarette with 2.4% nicotine [e-cigarette (2.4%)], and e-cigarette (2.4%) plus acipimox for 12 weeks. Fractional shortening and ejection fraction were diminished in mice exposed to e-cigarettes (2.4%) compared with saline and acipimox-treated mice. Mice exposed to e-cigarette (2.4%) had increased circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines and FFAs, which were diminished by acipimox. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that e-cigarette (2.4%)-treated mice had gene expression changes in the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint pathway that was normalized by acipimox. Accordingly, we showed that acipimox suppressed the nuclear localization of phospho-p53 induced by e-cigarette (2.4%). Additionally, e-cigarette (2.4%) increased the apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, a marker of oxidative DNA damage which was normalized by acipimox. Mice exposed to e-cigarette (2.4%) had increased cardiac Heme oxygenase 1 protein levels and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). These markers of oxidative stress were decreased by acipimox. Therefore, inhibiting lipolysis with acipimox normalizes the physiological changes induced by e-cigarettes and the associated increase in inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Espinoza-Derout
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA.
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jose Mari Luis Arambulo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - William Ramirez-Trillo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Rivera
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Kamrul M Hasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Candice J Lao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maria C Jordan
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xuesi M Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kenneth P Roos
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Amiya P Sinha-Hikim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Theodore C Friedman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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16
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Phetruen T, van Dam B, Chanarat S. Andrographolide Induces ROS-Mediated Cytotoxicity, Lipid Peroxidation, and Compromised Cell Integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1765. [PMID: 37760068 PMCID: PMC10525756 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide, a bioactive compound found in Andrographis paniculata, has gained significant attention for its potential therapeutic properties. Despite its promising benefits, the understanding of its side effects and underlying mechanisms remains limited. Here, we investigated the impact of andrographolide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and observed that andrographolide induced cytotoxicity, particularly when oxidative phosphorylation was active. Furthermore, andrographolide affected various cellular processes, including vacuole fragmentation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid droplet accumulation, reactive oxygen species levels, and compromised cell integrity. Moreover, we unexpectedly observed that andrographolide induced the precipitation of biomolecules secreted from yeast cells, adding an additional source of stress. Overall, this study provides insights into the cellular effects and potential mechanisms of andrographolide in yeast, shedding light on its side effects and underlying cytotoxicity pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sittinan Chanarat
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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17
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Romanauska A, Köhler A. Lipid saturation controls nuclear envelope function. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1290-1302. [PMID: 37591950 PMCID: PMC10495262 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a spherical double membrane with elastic properties. How NE shape and elasticity are regulated by lipid chemistry is unknown. Here we discover lipid acyl chain unsaturation as essential for NE and nuclear pore complex (NPC) architecture and function. Increased lipid saturation rigidifies the NE and the endoplasmic reticulum into planar, polygonal membranes, which are fracture prone. These membranes exhibit a micron-scale segregation of lipids into ordered and disordered phases, excluding NPCs from the ordered phase. Balanced lipid saturation is required for NPC integrity, pore membrane curvature and nucleocytoplasmic transport. Oxygen deprivation amplifies the impact of saturated lipids, causing NE rigidification and rupture. Conversely, lipid droplets buffer saturated lipids to preserve NE architecture. Our study uncovers a fundamental link between lipid acyl chain structure and the integrity of the cell nucleus with implications for nuclear membrane malfunction in ischaemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anete Romanauska
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alwin Köhler
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Jiang L, Liu Y, Zhang L. The emerging role of E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF213 as an antimicrobial host determinant. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1205355. [PMID: 37655297 PMCID: PMC10465799 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1205355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) is a large E3 ubiquitin ligase with a molecular weight of 591 kDa that is associated with moyamoya disease, a rare cerebrovascular disease. It is located in the cytosol and perinuclear space. Missense mutations in this gene have been found to be more prevalent in patients with moyamoya disease compared with that in healthy individuals. Understanding the molecular function of RNF213 could provide insights into moyamoya disease. RNF213 contains a C3HC4-type RING finger domain with an E3 ubiquitin ligase domain and six AAA+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) domains. It is the only known protein with both AAA+ ATPase and ubiquitin ligase activities. Recent studies have highlighted the role of RNF213 in fighting against microbial infections, including viruses, parasites, bacteria, and chlamydiae. This review aims to summarize the recent research progress on the mechanisms of RNF213 in pathogenic infections, which will aid researchers in understanding the antimicrobial role of RNF213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yupei Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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19
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Tong B, Zhang Z, Li X, Liu J, Wang H, Song L, Feng J, Dai Z, Xu Y. FUNDC1 modulates mitochondrial defects and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction under lipotoxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 672:54-64. [PMID: 37336125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and many metabolic disorders are causally linked to mitochondrial dysfunction or defective mitochondrial quality control. Mitophagy is a highly selective mechanism that recognizes and removes damaged mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we addressed the potential role of FUNDC1, a mediator of mitophagy, in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction under lipotoxicity. In pancreatic MIN6 cells, FUNDC1 deficiency aggravated palmitate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which led to cell death and insulin insensitivity. Interestingly, FUNDC1 overexpression prevented these cellular harms brought on by palmitate. In mice models, pancreatic-specific FUNDC1 overexpression alleviated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance and obesity. Mechanistically, pancreatic-specific overexpression of FUNDC1 ameliorated mitochondrial defects and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress upon HFD. Our research indicates that FUNDC1 plays an essential role in apoptosis and dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells via modulating lipotoxicity-induced mitochondrial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beier Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Linyang Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jieyuan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yancheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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20
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Asiimwe OH, Rubaihayo J, Sulaiman SO, Osuwat LO, Kasozi KI. A protein restricted diet induces a stable increased fat storage phenotype in flies. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:706-713. [PMID: 37396850 PMCID: PMC10313861 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Scientific evidence has revealed possible confounders in diet induced obesity models of Drosophila melanogaster. High Sugar Diet (HSD) induction of obesity in flies has been associated with fly hyperosmolarity and glucotoxicity, while High Fat Diet (HFD) induction has been associated with lipotoxicity. The objective of this study was to assess for a healthy obesity phenotype by comparison of fly survival, physio-chemical and biochemical changes associated with HSD, HFD and Protein Restricted Diet (PRD) obesity induction models of male Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we provide information on a PRD as the plausible option in obesity research not involving cancer, diabetes, glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity studies. Methods Obesity was induced by exposing Drosophila melanogaster white mutant w1118 to four experimental diets for four weeks. Group 1 was fed regular food (control), group 2 was fed a 0.5% less yeast than in regular feed (PRD), group 3 was fed a 30% w/v sucrose to regular cornmeal food (HSD) and group 4 was fed a 10% w/v food-grade coconut oil to regular cornmeal food (HFD). Peristaltic waves were measured on 3rd instar larvae of all experimental groups. Negative geotaxis, fly survival, body mass, catalase activity, triglycerides (TG/TP), sterol, and total protein were measured in adult Drosophila melanogaster after four weeks. Results Triglycerides (TG/TP) and total protein levels were significantly higher in HSD phenotype. Sterols were higher in HFD phenotype. Though catalase enzyme activity was highest in PRD phenotype, this activity was not statistically significant when compared to that of HSD and HFD phenotypes. However, PRD phenotype had the lowest mass, highest survival rate and the highest negative geotaxis, thus demonstrating a balanced, stable and more viable metabolic status in the experimental model. Conclusion A protein restricted diet induces a stable increased fat storage phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Hilary Asiimwe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Mountains of the Moon University, Box 837, Fort Portal, Uganda
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - John Rubaihayo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Mountains of the Moon University, Box 837, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | | | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Box 317, Kabale, Uganda
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Olasunkanmi OI, Fei Y, Avala Ntsigouaye J, Yi M, Wang Y, Liu J, Cheng W, Megeto J, Bashir T, Chen Y, Xu W, Lin L, Zhao W, Wang Y, Zhong Z. Antiviral Activity of trans-Hexenoic Acid against Coxsackievirus B and Enterovirus A71. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0086822. [PMID: 36786598 PMCID: PMC10019289 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00868-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus infections are life-threatening viral infections which occur mainly among children and are possible causes of viral outbreak. Until now, treatment and management of infections caused by members of the genus Enterovirus largely depended on supportive care, and no antiviral medications are currently approved for the treatment of most of these infections. The urgency of discovering new therapeutic options for the treatment of enterovirus infection is increasing. In the present study, we identified that trans-2-hexenoic acid (THA), a natural product from a dietary source, possesses antiviral activity against coxsackievirus B (CVB) and enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) in a dose-dependent manner. We found that THA possesses antiviral activity at 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 2.9 μM and 3.21 μM against CVB3 and EV-A71 infections, respectively. The time of addition assay revealed that THA inhibits both CVB3 and EV-A71 replication at the entry stage of infection. Additional results from this study further suggest that THA inhibits viral replication by blocking viral entry. Given that THA has received approval as a food additive, treatment of enterovirus infections with THA might be a safe therapeutic option or could pave the way for semisynthetic manufacturing of more antiviral drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanru Fei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Ming Yi
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinchang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weixu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - James Megeto
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tahira Bashir
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weizhen Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lexun Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenran Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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22
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Pratelli G, Di Liberto D, Carlisi D, Emanuele S, Giuliano M, Notaro A, De Blasio A, Calvaruso G, D’Anneo A, Lauricella M. Hypertrophy and ER Stress Induced by Palmitate Are Counteracted by Mango Peel and Seed Extracts in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065419. [PMID: 36982490 PMCID: PMC10048994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A diet rich in saturated fatty acids (FAs) has been correlated with metabolic dysfunction and ROS increase in the adipose tissue of obese subjects. Thus, reducing hypertrophy and oxidative stress in adipose tissue can represent a strategy to counteract obesity and obesity-related diseases. In this context, the present study showed how the peel and seed extracts of mango (Mangifera indica L.) reduced lipotoxicity induced by high doses of sodium palmitate (PA) in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mango peel (MPE) and mango seed (MSE) extracts significantly lowered PA-induced fat accumulation by reducing lipid droplet (LDs) and triacylglycerol (TAGs) content in adipocytes. We showed that MPE and MSE activated hormone-sensitive lipase, the key enzyme of TAG degradation. In addition, mango extracts down-regulated the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ as well as activated AMPK with the consequent inhibition of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACC). Notably, PA increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers GRP78, PERK and CHOP, as well as enhanced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in adipocytes. These effects were accompanied by a reduction in cell viability and the induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, MPE and MSE counteracted PA-induced lipotoxicity by reducing ER stress markers and ROS production. In addition, MPE and MSE increased the level of the anti-oxidant transcription factor Nrf2 and its targets MnSOD and HO-1. Collectively, these results suggest that the intake of mango extract-enriched foods in association with a correct lifestyle could exert beneficial effects to counteract obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pratelli
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Emanuele
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonietta Notaro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calvaruso
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09123865854
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23
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Zapata-Restrepio LM, Hauton C, Hudson MD, Williams ID, Hauton D. Toxicity of tributyltin to the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis: Metabolomic responses indicate impacts to energy metabolism, biochemical composition and reproductive maturation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280777. [PMID: 36745593 PMCID: PMC9901812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tri-Butyl Tin (TBT) remains as a legacy pollutant in the benthic environments. Although the toxic impacts and endocrine disruption caused by TBT to gastropod molluscs have been established, the changes in energy reserves allocated to maintenance, growth, reproduction and survival of European oysters Ostrea edulis, a target species of concerted benthic habitat restoration projects, have not been explored. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of TBT chloride (TBTCl) on potential ions and relevant metabolomic pathways and its association with changes in physiological, biochemical and reproductive parameters in O. edulis exposed to environmental relevant concentrations of TBTCl. Oysters were exposed to TBTCl 20 ng/L (n = 30), 200 ng/L (n = 30) and 2000 ng/L (n = 30) for nine weeks. At the end of the exposure, gametogenic stage, sex, energy reserve content and metabolomic profiling analysis were conducted to elucidate the metabolic alterations that occur in individuals exposed to those compounds. Metabolite analysis showed significant changes in the digestive gland biochemistry in oysters exposed to TBTCl, decreasing tissue ATP concentrations through a combination of the disruption of the TCA cycle and other important molecular pathways involved in homeostasis, mitochondrial metabolism and antioxidant response. TBTCl exposure increased mortality and caused changes in the gametogenesis with cycle arrest in stages G0 and G1. Sex determination was affected by TBTCl exposure, increasing the proportion of oysters identified as males in O. edulis treated at 20ng/l TBTCl, and with an increased proportion of inactive stages in oysters treated with 2000 ng/l TBTCl. The presence and persistence of environmental pollutants, such as TBT, could represent an additional threat to the declining O. edulis populations and related taxa around the world, by increasing mortality, changing reproductive maturation, and disrupting metabolism. Our findings identify the need to consider additional factors (e.g. legacy pollution) when identifying coastal locations for shellfish restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M. Zapata-Restrepio
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Chris Hauton
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm D. Hudson
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David Hauton
- Metabolomics Research Group, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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24
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Oswal N, Thangavel H, Lizardo K, Dhanyalayam D, Sidrat T, Salgame P, Nagajyothi JF. Diets Differently Regulate Pulmonary Pathogenesis and Immune Signaling in Mice during Acute and Chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:228. [PMID: 36676177 PMCID: PMC9861969 DOI: 10.3390/life13010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection persists as a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries. The prevalence of TB-DM (diabetes mellitus) is higher in low- and middle-income countries where TB and DM are most prevalent. Epidemiological data suggest that slight obesity reduces the risk of TB, whereas DM increases the risk of pulmonary TB. Diets can alter the levels of body fat mass and body mass index by regulating systemic adiposity. Earlier, using a transgenic Mtb-infected murine model, we demonstrated that loss of body fat increased the risk of pulmonary bacterial load and pathology. In the present study, we investigated whether increased adiposity alters pulmonary pathology and bacterial load using C57BL/6 mice infected with HN878 Mtb strain and fed a medium-fat diet (MFD). We analyzed the effects of MFD on the lung during acute and chronic infections by comparing the results to those obtained with infected mice fed a regular diet (RD). Histological and biochemical analyses demonstrated that MFD reduces bacterial burden by increasing the activation of immune cells in the lungs during acute infection and reduces necrosis in the lungs during chronic infection by decreasing lipid accumulation. Our data suggest that slight adiposity likely protects the host during active TB infection by regulating immune and metabolic conditions in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Oswal
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Hariprasad Thangavel
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Kezia Lizardo
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Dhanya Dhanyalayam
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Tabinda Sidrat
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jyothi F. Nagajyothi
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
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Lu Z, Li Y, Li AJ, Syn WK, Wank SA, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y. Loss of GPR40 in LDL receptor-deficient mice exacerbates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277251. [PMID: 36331958 PMCID: PMC9635748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR40, a G protein-coupled receptor for free fatty acids (FFAs), is considered as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) since GPR40 activation in pancreatic beta cells enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common complication of T2DM or metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the role of GPR40 in NAFLD associated with T2DM or MetS has not been well established. Given that it is known that cholesterol and FFAs are critically involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and LDL receptor (LDLR)-deficient mice are a good animal model for human hyperlipidemia including high cholesterol and FFAs, we generated GPR40 and LDLR double knockout (KO) mice in this study to determine the effect of GPR40 KO on hyperlipidemia-promoted NASH. We showed that GPR40 KO increased plasma levels of cholesterol and FFAs in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed LDLR-deficient mice. We also showed that GPR40 KO exacerbated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Further study demonstrated that GPR40 KO led to upregulation of hepatic CD36 and genes involved in lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, fibrosis and inflammation. Finally, our in vitro mechanistic studies showed that while CD36 was involved in upregulation of proinflammatory molecules in macrophages by palmitic acid (PA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), GPR40 activation in macrophages exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Taken together, this study demonstrated for the first time that loss of GPR40 in LDLR-deficient mice exacerbated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis potentially through a CD36-dependent mechanism, suggesting that GPR40 may play a beneficial role in hyperlipidemia-associated NASH in LDLR-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ai-Jun Li
- Programs in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
| | - Stephen A. Wank
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria F. Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Palmitate Inhibits Mouse Macrophage Efferocytosis by Activating an mTORC1-Regulated Rho Kinase 1 Pathway: Therapeutic Implications for the Treatment of Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213502. [PMID: 36359898 PMCID: PMC9657837 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Every day, billions of our cells die and get cleared without inducing inflammation. When, clearance is improper, uncleared cells undergo secondary necrosis and trigger inflammation. In addition, proper efferocytosis would be required for inducing resolution of inflammation, thus clearance deficiencies in the long term lead to development of various chronic inflammatory diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that obesity, itself being a low-grade inflammatory disease, predisposes to a variety of other chronic inflammatory diseases. Previous studies indicated that this later might be partially related to an impaired efferocytosis induced by increased uptake of circulating saturated fatty acids by macrophages in obese people. Here, we show that palmitate inhibits efferocytosis by bone marrow-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Palmitate triggers autophagy but also activates an energy-sensing mTORC1/ROCK1 signaling pathway, which interferes with the autophagosome–lysosome fusion, resulting in accumulation of the cellular membranes in autophagosomes. We propose that lack of sufficient plasma membrane supply attenuates efferocytosis of palmitate-exposed macrophages. AMP-activated protein kinase activators lead to mTORC1 inhibition and, consequently, released the palmitate-induced efferocytosis block in macrophages. Thus, they might be useful in the treatment of obesity not only by affecting metabolism thought so far. ROCK1 inhibitors could also be considered.
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He Y, Liu N, Ji Y, Tso P, Wu Z. Weaning Stress in Piglets Alters the Expression of Intestinal Proteins Involved in Fat Absorption. J Nutr 2022; 152:2387-2395. [PMID: 36774105 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo data on intestinal fat absorption in weanling piglets are scarce. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of weaning stress on intestinal fat absorption. METHODS Eighteen 7-d-old sow-reared piglets (Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire) were assigned to 3 groups (n = 6/group, 3 males and 3 females per group). Piglets were nursed by sows until 24 d of age (suckling piglets, S), or weaned at 21 d of age to a corn-soybean meal-based diet until 24 d (3 d postweaning, W3) or 28 d (7 d postweaning, W7) of age, respectively. Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected to determine intestinal morphology and abundance of proteins related to fat absorption. RESULTS Compared with the S group, the W3 group had lower villus height (17-34%) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (13-53%), as well as 1-1.45 times greater crypt depth; these values were 1.18-1.31, 0.69-1.15, and 1.47-1.87 times greater in the W7 group than in the W3 group, respectively. Compared with the S group, weaning stress for both W3 and W7 groups reduced intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity (26-73%), serum lipids (26-54%), and abundances of proteins related to fatty acid transport [fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP)] and chylomicron assembly [microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4), B (APOB), and A-I (APOA1)] in the duodenum and ileum (10-55%), as well as in the jejunum (25-85%). All these indexes did not differ between W3 and W7 groups. Compared with the S group, the W3 group had lower mRNA abundances of duodenal APOA4 and APOA1 (25-50%), as well as jejunal FATP4, IFABP, MTTP, APOA4, and APOA1 (35-50%); these values were 5-15% and 10-37% lower in the W7 group than in the W3 group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Weaning stress in piglets attenuates the expression of intestinal proteins related to fatty acid transport (FATP4 and I-FABP) and chylomicron synthesis (APOA4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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顾 阳, 谭 晓, 宋 文, 方 冬, 宋 卫, 袁 亦, 冯 宁, 关 瑞. [Effects of 4'-O-methylochnaflavone on endothelial dysfunction induced by palmitic acid in rat cavernous endothelial cells]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54:599-604. [PMID: 35950380 PMCID: PMC9385526 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of biflavonoid 4'-O-methylochnaflavone (MF) on palmitic acid-induced endothelial dysfunction in rat cavernous endothelial cells (RCECs). METHODS The isolated RCECs were commercially available and randomly divided into four groups: normal+BSA group (NC group), palmitic acid (PA) group, MF group, and icariside Ⅱ (ICA Ⅱ) group. The protein expression levels of protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in each group were evaluated via Western blotting. The differences in the intracellular nitric oxide of RCECs treated by MF or ICA Ⅱ were detected by DAF-FM DA that served as a nitric oxide fluorescent probe. Effects of MF and ICA Ⅱ on cell proliferation of PA-stimulated RCECs were determined via CCK-8 assay. RESULTS The content of nitric oxide in RCECs was significantly increased after the treatment of MF and ICA Ⅱ in comparison with the NC group (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with ICA Ⅱ group, MF demonstrated a more obvious effect in promoting nitric oxide production (P < 0.05). Compared with the NC group, the expression levels of eNOS and AKT in the PA group were significantly decreased, indicating that a model for simulating the high-fat environment in vitro was successfully constructed (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the intervention of MF and ICA Ⅱ could effectively increase the expression of eNOS and AKT, suggesting that MF and ICA Ⅱ could promote the recovery of endothelial dysfunction caused by high levels of free fatty acids (P < 0.05). The results of CCK-8 assays showed that PA could significantly reduce the proli-feration ability of RCECs (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the decreased cell viability induced by PA was significantly elevated by treatment with ICA Ⅱ and MF (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In RCECs, MF and ICA Ⅱ could effectively increase the content of nitric oxide. The down-regulation of the expression of proteins associated with the AKT/eNOS pathway after PA treatment revealed that this pathway was involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction, which could be effectively reversed by MF and ICA Ⅱ. In addition, the cell proliferation ability was significantly decreased following PA treatment, but MF and ICA Ⅱ could restore the above changes. Overall, biflavonoid MF has an obvious repairing effect on PA-stimulated endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- 阳阳 顾
- 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京大学泌尿外科研究所,北京 100034Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; Beijing 100034, China
| | - 晓辉 谭
- 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京大学泌尿外科研究所,北京 100034Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; Beijing 100034, China
| | - 文鹏 宋
- 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京大学泌尿外科研究所,北京 100034Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; Beijing 100034, China
| | - 冬 方
- 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京大学泌尿外科研究所,北京 100034Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; Beijing 100034, China
| | - 卫东 宋
- 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京大学泌尿外科研究所,北京 100034Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; Beijing 100034, China
| | - 亦铭 袁
- 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京大学泌尿外科研究所,北京 100034Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; Beijing 100034, China
| | - 宁翰 冯
- 南京医科大学附属无锡第二医院泌尿外科,江苏无锡 214002Department of Urology, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - 瑞礼 关
- 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京大学泌尿外科研究所,北京 100034Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; Beijing 100034, China
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Proteomic analysis reveals USP7 as a novel regulator of palmitic acid-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cell death. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:563. [PMID: 35732625 PMCID: PMC9217975 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient surplus and consequent free fatty acid accumulation in the liver cause hepatosteatosis. The exposure of free fatty acids to cultured hepatocyte and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines induces cellular stress, organelle adaptation, and subsequent cell death. Despite many studies, the mechanism associated with lipotoxicity and subsequent cell death still remains poorly understood. Here, we have used the proteomics approach to circumvent the mechanism for lipotoxicity using hepatocellular carcinoma cells as a model. Our quantitative proteomics data revealed that ectopic lipids accumulation in cells severely affects the ubiquitin-proteasomal system. The palmitic acid (PA) partially lowered the expression of deubiquitinating enzyme USP7 which subsequently destabilizes p53 and promotes mitotic entry of cells. Our global phosphoproteomics analysis also provides strong evidence of an altered cell cycle checkpoint proteins' expression that abrogates early G2/M checkpoints recovery with damaged DNA and induced mitotic catastrophe leading to hepatocyte death. We observe that palmitic acid prefers apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) mediated cell death by depolarizing mitochondria and translocating AIF to the nucleus. In summary, the present study provides evidence of PA-induced hepatocellular death mediated by deubiquitinase USP7 downregulation and subsequent mitotic catastrophe.
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Wilcock DJ, Badrock AP, Wong CW, Owen R, Guerin M, Southam AD, Johnston H, Telfer BA, Fullwood P, Watson J, Ferguson H, Ferguson J, Lloyd GR, Jankevics A, Dunn WB, Wellbrock C, Lorigan P, Ceol C, Francavilla C, Smith MP, Hurlstone AFL. Oxidative stress from DGAT1 oncoprotein inhibition in melanoma suppresses tumor growth when ROS defenses are also breached. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110995. [PMID: 35732120 PMCID: PMC9638004 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated cellular metabolism is a cancer hallmark for which few druggable oncoprotein targets have been identified. Increased fatty acid (FA) acquisition allows cancer cells to meet their heightened membrane biogenesis, bioenergy, and signaling needs. Excess FAs are toxic to non-transformed cells but surprisingly not to cancer cells. Molecules underlying this cancer adaptation may provide alternative drug targets. Here, we demonstrate that diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), an enzyme integral to triacylglyceride synthesis and lipid droplet formation, is frequently up-regulated in melanoma, allowing melanoma cells to tolerate excess FA. DGAT1 over-expression alone transforms p53-mutant zebrafish melanocytes and co-operates with oncogenic BRAF or NRAS for more rapid melanoma formation. Antagonism of DGAT1 induces oxidative stress in melanoma cells, which adapt by up-regulating cellular reactive oxygen species defenses. We show that inhibiting both DGAT1 and superoxide dismutase 1 profoundly suppress tumor growth through eliciting intolerable oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Wilcock
- Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew P Badrock
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Chun W Wong
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Rhys Owen
- Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Melissa Guerin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Andrew D Southam
- School of Biosciences, Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hannah Johnston
- Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Brian A Telfer
- Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Paul Fullwood
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Joanne Watson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Harriet Ferguson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jennifer Ferguson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gavin R Lloyd
- School of Biosciences, Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andris Jankevics
- School of Biosciences, Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Warwick B Dunn
- School of Biosciences, Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Claudia Wellbrock
- Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Paul Lorigan
- Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Craig Ceol
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michael P Smith
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Adam F L Hurlstone
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology, The University of Manchester, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Metabolic Engineering Strategies for Improved Lipid Production and Cellular Physiological Responses in Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050427. [PMID: 35628683 PMCID: PMC9144191 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial lipids have been a hot topic in the field of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology due to their increased market and important applications in biofuels, oleochemicals, cosmetics, etc. This review first compares the popular hosts for lipid production and explains the four modules for lipid synthesis in yeast, including the fatty acid biosynthesis module, lipid accumulation module, lipid sequestration module, and fatty acid modification module. This is followed by a summary of metabolic engineering strategies that could be used for enhancing each module for lipid production. In addition, the efforts being invested in improving the production of value-added fatty acids in engineered yeast, such as cyclopropane fatty acid, ricinoleic acid, gamma linoleic acid, EPA, and DHA, are included. A discussion is further made on the potential relationships between lipid pathway engineering and consequential changes in cellular physiological properties, such as cell membrane integrity, intracellular reactive oxygen species level, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, with the rapid development of synthetic biology tools, such as CRISPR genome editing tools and machine learning models, this review proposes some future trends that could be employed to engineer yeast with enhanced intracellular lipid production while not compromising much of its cellular health.
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Pollaci G, Gorla G, Potenza A, Carrozzini T, Canavero I, Bersano A, Gatti L. Novel Multifaceted Roles for RNF213 Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094492. [PMID: 35562882 PMCID: PMC9099590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring Finger Protein 213 (RNF213), also known as Mysterin, is the major susceptibility factor for Moyamoya Arteriopathy (MA), a progressive cerebrovascular disorder that often leads to brain stroke in adults and children. Although several rare RNF213 polymorphisms have been reported, no major susceptibility variant has been identified to date in Caucasian patients, thus frustrating the attempts to identify putative therapeutic targets for MA treatment. For these reasons, the investigation of novel biochemical functions, substrates and unknown partners of RNF213 will help to unravel the pathogenic mechanisms of MA and will facilitate variant interpretations in a diagnostic context in the future. The aim of the present review is to discuss novel perspectives regarding emerging RNF213 roles in light of recent literature updates and dissect their relevance for understanding MA and for the design of future research studies. Since its identification, RNF213 involvement in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis has strengthened, together with its role in inflammatory signals and proliferation pathways. Most recent studies have been increasingly focused on its relevance in antimicrobial activity and lipid metabolism, highlighting new intriguing perspectives. The last area could suggest the main role of RNF213 in the proteasome pathway, thus reinforcing the hypotheses already previously formulated that depict the protein as an important regulator of the stability of client proteins involved in angiogenesis. We believe that the novel evidence reviewed here may contribute to untangling the complex and still obscure pathogenesis of MA that is reflected in the lack of therapies able to slow down or halt disease progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Pollaci
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Neurology IX Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Gemma Gorla
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Neurology IX Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Antonella Potenza
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Neurology IX Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Tatiana Carrozzini
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Neurology IX Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Isabella Canavero
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Laura Gatti
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Neurology IX Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-23942389
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Scambi I, Peroni D, Nodari A, Merigo F, Benati D, Boschi F, Mannucci S, Frontini A, Visonà S, Sbarbati A, Krampera M, Galiè M. The transcriptional profile of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) mirrors the whitening of adipose tissue with age. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Kocot AM, Wróblewska B. Nutritional strategies for autophagy activation and health consequences of autophagy impairment. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hydroxytyrosol Attenuates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Inflammation of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) through Its Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary hydroxytyrosol (HT) on oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial homeostasis in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Fish were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 5% lipid), a high-fat diet (HFD, 15% lipid), an LFD supplementing 200 mg/kg HT, or an HFD supplementing 200 mg/kg HT. After 10-week feeding, significant reduction of growth was observed in fish fed HFD, compared with other groups. HFD caused oxidative stress and more apoptosis of hepatocytes, while HT addition resulted in significant decrease of ROS and MDA contents, and the apoptotic hepatocytes. Moreover, the expression of genes involving inflammation of HFD group were elevated. Supplementing HT to HFD can attenuate this. All the activities of complexes of mitochondria in the HFD group were decreased compared with those in the LFD group, while supplementing HT to HFD significantly increased complex I-III activities. Furthermore, HFD downregulated the expressions of Atg5 and NRF-1 which induced the failure of mitophagy and biogenesis, while, supplementing HT to HFD reversed these expressions involving mitochondrial autophagy and biogenesis. In summary, adding HT to HFD relieved oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation, likely due to its regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis.
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36
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Gindlhuber J, Schinagl M, Liesinger L, Darnhofer B, Tomin T, Schittmayer M, Birner-Gruenberger R. Hepatocyte Proteome Alterations Induced by Individual and Combinations of Common Free Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3356. [PMID: 35328776 PMCID: PMC8951603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a pathology with a hard-to-detect onset and is estimated to be present in a quarter of the adult human population. To improve our understanding of the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, we treated a human hepatoma cell line model, HepG2, with increasing concentrations of common fatty acids, namely myristic, palmitic and oleic acid. To reproduce more physiologically representative conditions, we also included combinations of these fatty acids and monitored the cellular response with an in-depth proteomics approach and imaging techniques. The two saturated fatty acids initially presented a similar phenotype of a dose-dependent decrease in growth rates and impaired lipid droplet formation. Detailed analysis revealed that the drop in the growth rates was due to delayed cell-cycle progression following myristic acid treatment, whereas palmitic acid led to cellular apoptosis. In contrast, oleic acid, as well as saturated fatty acid mixtures with oleic acid, led to a dose-dependent increase in lipid droplet volume without adverse impacts on cell growth. Comparing the effects of harmful single-fatty-acid treatments and the well-tolerated fatty acid mixes on the cellular proteome, we were able to differentiate between fatty-acid-specific cellular responses and likely common lipotoxic denominators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Gindlhuber
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Maximilian Schinagl
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Laura Liesinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Barbara Darnhofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Tamara Tomin
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
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Kaneko S. Tirzepatide: A Novel, Once-weekly Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinology 2022; 18:10-19. [PMID: 35949358 PMCID: PMC9354517 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2022.18.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal hormones are currently used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Incretin preparations with gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) activity or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) provide new means for controlling blood glucose levels, body weight, and lipid metabolism. GIP, an incretin, has not been used due to lack of promising action against diabetes. However, recent studies have shown that GIP has an important effect on glucagon and insulin secretion under normoglycaemic conditions. Co-existence of GIP with GLP-1 and glucagon signalling leads to a stronger effect than that of GLP-1 stimulation alone. The development of a GIP/GLP-1R unimolecular dual agonist with affinity for both GIP and GLP-1 receptors is under investigation, and the drug is expected to be clinically available in the near future. Tirzepatide, a GIP/GLP-1R unimolecular dual agonist, regulates metabolism via both peripheral organs and the central nervous system. The SURPASS phase III clinical trials conducted for tirzepatide comprise 10 clinical trials, including five global trials and the global SURPASS-CVOT trial, with >13,000 patients with T2D (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04255433). The clinical application of tirzepatide as a therapy for T2D may provide new insights into diabetic conditions and help clarify the role of GIP in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Kaneko
- Division of Diabetes/Endocrinology/Lifestyle-Related Disease, Takatsuki Red Cross Hospital, Takatsuki, Japan
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38
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Lee DH, Park JS, Lee YS, Bae SH. PERK prevents hepatic lipotoxicity by activating the p62-ULK1 axis-mediated noncanonical KEAP1-Nrf2 pathway. Redox Biol 2022; 50:102235. [PMID: 35091323 PMCID: PMC8801383 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic lipotoxicity is a crucial factor in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis resulting from excessive saturated fatty acid-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell death, which is associated with the accumulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver. The unfolded protein response (UPR) alleviates ER stress by restoring ER protein folding homeostasis. However, whether UPR contributes ROS elimination under lipotoxicity remains unclear. The Kelch like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) pathway provides antioxidant defense against lipotoxic stress by eliminating ROS and can be activated by the p62-Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) axis. However, the upstream molecular regulator of the p62-ULK1 axis-induced KEAP1-Nrf2 pathway in the same context remains unidentified. Here, we demonstrated that PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), a UPR sensor, directly phosphorylates p62 and ULK1, thereby activating the noncanonical KEAP1-Nrf2 pathway. We also elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the PERK-mediated p62-ULK1 axis-dependent noncanonical KEAP1-Nrf2 pathway, which could represent a promising therapeutic strategy against hepatic lipotoxicity. Hepatic lipotoxicity is a crucial factor in the progression of NASH, associated with the increased ER stress. PERK, one of UPR sensors, activates noncanonical KEAP1-Nrf2 pathway by phosphorylating p62 at S351. PERK also phosphorylates ULK1 at S317, which mediates autophagic KEAP1 degradation and Nrf2 activation. PERK protects mouse liver against lipotoxicity via Nrf2 activation.
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Smolič T, Zorec R, Vardjan N. Pathophysiology of Lipid Droplets in Neuroglia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:22. [PMID: 35052526 PMCID: PMC8773017 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing evidence regarding the functional importance of lipid droplets (LDs), cytoplasmic storage organelles in the central nervous system (CNS), has emerged. Although not abundantly present in the CNS under normal conditions in adulthood, LDs accumulate in the CNS during development and aging, as well as in some neurologic disorders. LDs are actively involved in cellular lipid turnover and stress response. By regulating the storage of excess fatty acids, cholesterol, and ceramides in addition to their subsequent release in response to cell needs and/or environmental stressors, LDs are involved in energy production, in the synthesis of membranes and signaling molecules, and in the protection of cells against lipotoxicity and free radicals. Accumulation of LDs in the CNS appears predominantly in neuroglia (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells), which provide trophic, metabolic, and immune support to neuronal networks. Here we review the most recent findings on the characteristics and functions of LDs in neuroglia, focusing on astrocytes, the key homeostasis-providing cells in the CNS. We discuss the molecular mechanisms affecting LD turnover in neuroglia under stress and how this may protect neural cell function. We also highlight the role (and potential contribution) of neuroglial LDs in aging and in neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Smolič
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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40
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Thurgood LA, Best OG, Rowland A, Lower KM, Brooks DA, Kuss BJ. Lipid uptake in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Exp Hematol 2021; 106:58-67. [PMID: 34896245 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.12.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many cancers rely on glucose as an energy source, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that some cancers use alternate substrates to fuel their proliferation. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is one such cancer. Through the use of flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, low levels of glucose uptake were observed in the OSU-CLL and HG3 CLL cell lines relative to highly glucose-avid Raji cells (Burkitt's lymphoma). Glucose uptake in CLL cells correlated with low expression of the GLUT1 and GLUT3 receptors. In contrast, both CLL cell lines and primary CLL cells, but not healthy B cells, were found to rapidly internalise medium- and long-chain, but not short-chain, fatty acids (FAs). Differential FA uptake was also observed in primary cells taken from patients with unmutated immunoglobulin heavy variable chain usage (IGHV) compared with patients with mutated IGHV. Delipidation of serum in the culture medium slowed the proliferation and significantly reduced the viability of OSU-CLL and HG3 cells, effects that were partially reversed by supplementation with a chemically defined lipid concentrate. These observations highlight the potential importance of FAs in the pathogenesis of CLL and raise the possibility that targeting FA utilisation may represent a novel therapeutic and prognostic approach in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Thurgood
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia.
| | - Oliver G Best
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Ashley Rowland
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Karen M Lower
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bryone J Kuss
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
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Kaneko S. Novel approaches to pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes in Japan. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:2235-2249. [PMID: 34461791 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1974401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Newly developed anti-diabetic medications have had multiple activities, beyond a blood glucose-lowering effect. Current drugs for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are based on the use of gastrointestinal hormones. Representative incretin preparations, such as those with glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 or gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) activity, aim to provide new means of controlling blood glucose levels, body weight, and lipid metabolism. AREA COVERED In this manuscript, the pathophysiology of T2DM and the activities and characteristics of novel diabetic drugs are reviewed in the context of the Japanese population. This review also highlights the need for novel medicines to overcome the accompanying challenges. Finally, the author provides the reader with their expert perspectives. EXPERT OPINION The incidence of T2DM has been increasing in the aging of Japanese society. In older people, medical development should focus on safety, easier self-administration, and the relief of caregiver burden in terms of continuous administration. In the young, the focus should be on effectiveness, with a particular emphasis on the protection of organs, increasing the ease of adherence, and safety. Novel medicines will need to push the envelope in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Kaneko
- Department of Diabetes/Endocrinology/Metabolism, Takatsuki Red Cross Hospital, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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42
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Subedi A, Liu Q, Ayyathan DM, Sharon D, Cathelin S, Hosseini M, Xu C, Voisin V, Bader GD, D'Alessandro A, Lechman ER, Dick JE, Minden MD, Wang JCY, Chan SM. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitors selectively induce apoptosis of AML stem cells by disrupting lipid homeostasis. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1851-1867.e8. [PMID: 34293334 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are often ineffective in eliminating leukemic stem cells (LSCs), which perpetuate the disease. Here, we performed a metabolic drug screen to identify LSC-specific vulnerabilities and found that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitors selectively killed LSCs, while sparing normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Treatment with KPT-9274, a NAMPT inhibitor, suppressed the conversion of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids, a reaction catalyzed by the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) enzyme, resulting in apoptosis of AML cells. Transcriptomic analysis of LSCs treated with KPT-9274 revealed an upregulation of sterol regulatory-element binding protein (SREBP)-regulated genes, including SCD, which conferred partial protection against NAMPT inhibitors. Inhibition of SREBP signaling with dipyridamole enhanced the cytotoxicity of KPT-9274 on LSCs in vivo. Our work demonstrates that altered lipid homeostasis plays a key role in NAMPT inhibitor-induced apoptosis and identifies NAMPT inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for targeting LSCs in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Subedi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qiang Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dhanoop M Ayyathan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Sharon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Severine Cathelin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Changjiang Xu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Veronique Voisin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric R Lechman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean C Y Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven M Chan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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43
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Sarabadani M, Tavana S, Mirzaeian L, Fathi R. Co-culture with peritoneum mesothelial stem cells supports the in vitro growth of mouse ovarian follicles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2685-2694. [PMID: 34228401 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The important roles played by the ovarian microenvironment and cell interactions in folliculogenesis suggest promising approaches for in vivo growth of ovarian follicles using appropriate scaffolds containing suitable cell sources. In this study, we have investigated the growth of early preantral follicles in the presence of decellularized mesenteric peritoneal membrane (MPM), peritoneum mesothelial stem cells (PMSCs), and conditioned medium (CM) of PMSCs. MPM of mouse was first decellularized; PMSCs were isolated from MPM and cultured and their conditioned medium (CM) was collected. Mouse follicles were separated into four groups: (1) culture in base medium (control), (2) culture in decellularized MPM (DMPM), (3) co-culture with PMSCs (Co-PMSCs), and (4) culture in CM of PMSCs (CM-PMSCs). Qualitative and quantitative assessments were performed to evaluate intact mesenteric peritoneal membrane (IMPM) as well as decellularized ones. After culturing the ovarian follicles, follicular and oocyte diameter, viability, eccentric oocyte percentage, and estradiol hormone amounts were evaluated. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations confirmed removal of cells and retention of the essential fibers in MPM after the decellularization process. Follicular parameters showed that Co-PMSCs better support in vitro growth and development of ovarian follicles than the other groups. The eccentric rate and estradiol production were statistically higher for the Co-PMSCs group than for the CM-PMSCs and control groups. Although the culture of early preantral follicles on DMPM and CM-PMSCs could improve in vitro follicular growth, co-culture of follicles with PMSCs showed even greater improvements in terms of follicular growth and diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Sarabadani
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Tavana
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mirzaeian
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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44
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Alvira-Iraizoz F, Gillard BT, Lin P, Paterson A, Pauža AG, Ali MA, Alabsi AH, Burger PA, Hamadi N, Adem A, Murphy D, Greenwood MP. Multiomic analysis of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) kidney reveals a role for cholesterol in water conservation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:779. [PMID: 34163009 PMCID: PMC8222267 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) is the most important livestock animal in arid and semi-arid regions and provides basic necessities to millions of people. In the current context of climate change, there is renewed interest in the mechanisms that enable camelids to survive in arid conditions. Recent investigations described genomic signatures revealing evolutionary adaptations to desert environments. We now present a comprehensive catalogue of the transcriptomes and proteomes of the dromedary kidney and describe how gene expression is modulated as a consequence of chronic dehydration and acute rehydration. Our analyses suggested an enrichment of the cholesterol biosynthetic process and an overrepresentation of categories related to ion transport. Thus, we further validated differentially expressed genes with known roles in water conservation which are affected by changes in cholesterol levels. Our datasets suggest that suppression of cholesterol biosynthesis may facilitate water retention in the kidney by indirectly facilitating the AQP2-mediated water reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alvira-Iraizoz
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Benjamin T Gillard
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Panjiao Lin
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alex Paterson
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Audrys G Pauža
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mahmoud A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AL Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ammar H Alabsi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pamela A Burger
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Naserddine Hamadi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AL Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael P Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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45
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Heier C, Klishch S, Stilbytska O, Semaniuk U, Lushchak O. The Drosophila model to interrogate triacylglycerol biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158924. [PMID: 33716135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of storage fat in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) is an evolutionarily conserved strategy to cope with fluctuations in energy availability and metabolic stress. Organismal TAG storage in specialized adipose tissues provides animals a metabolic reserve that sustains survival during development and starvation. On the other hand, excessive accumulation of adipose TAG, defined as obesity, is associated with an increasing prevalence of human metabolic diseases. During the past decade, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, traditionally used in genetics and developmental biology, has been established as a versatile model system to study TAG metabolism and the etiology of lipid-associated metabolic diseases. Similar to humans, Drosophila TAG homeostasis relies on the interplay of organ systems specialized in lipid uptake, synthesis, and processing, which are integrated by an endocrine network of hormones and messenger molecules. Enzymatic formation of TAG from sugar or dietary lipid, its storage in lipid droplets, and its mobilization by lipolysis occur via mechanisms largely conserved between Drosophila and humans. Notably, dysfunctional Drosophila TAG homeostasis occurs in the context of aging, overnutrition, or defective gene function, and entails tissue-specific and organismal pathologies that resemble human disease. In this review, we summarize the physiology and biochemistry of TAG in Drosophila and outline the potential of this organism as a model system to understand the genetic and dietary basis of TAG storage and TAG-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Svitlana Klishch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department Biochemistry 1, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Olha Stilbytska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department Biochemistry 1, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Uliana Semaniuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department Biochemistry 1, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department Biochemistry 1, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
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46
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Lu L, Hao K, Hong Y, Liu J, Zhu J, Jiang W, Zhu Z, Wang G, Peng Y. Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate Reduces Hepatic Lipotoxicity through Regulating Metabolic Abnormalities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115884. [PMID: 34070938 PMCID: PMC8198484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes induces a type of cytotoxicity called hepatic lipotoxicity, which is a fundamental contributor to liver metabolic diseases (such as NAFLD). Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MGIG), a magnesium salt of the stereoisomer of natural glycyrrhizic acid, is widely used as a safe and effective liver protectant. However, the mechanism by which MGIG protects against NAFLD remains unknown. Based on the significant correlation between NAFLD and the reprogramming of liver metabolism, we aimed to explore the beneficial effects of MGIG from a metabolic viewpoint in this paper. We treated HepaRG cells with palmitic acid (PA, a saturated fatty acid of C16:0) to induce lipotoxicity and then evaluated the antagonistic effect of MGIG on lipotoxicity by investigating the cell survival rate, DNA proliferation rate, organelle damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Metabolomics, lipidomics, and isotope tracing were used to investigate changes in the metabolite profile, lipid profile, and lipid flux in HepaRG cells under different intervention conditions. The results showed that MGIG can indeed protect hepatocytes against PA-induced cytotoxicity and ERS. In response to the metabolic abnormality of lipotoxicity, MGIG curtailed the metabolic activation of lipids induced by PA. The content of total lipids and saturated lipids containing C16:0 chains increased significantly after PA stimulation and then decreased significantly or even returned to normal levels after MGIG intervention. Lipidomic data show that glycerides and glycerophospholipids were the two most affected lipids. For excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, MGIG can downregulate the expression of the metabolic enzymes (GPATs and DAGTs) involved in triglyceride biosynthesis. In conclusion, MGIG has a positive regulatory effect on the metabolic disorders that occur in hepatocytes under lipotoxicity, and the main mechanisms of this effect are in lipid metabolism, including reducing the total lipid content, reducing lipid saturation, inhibiting glyceride and glycerophospholipid metabolism, and downregulating the expression of metabolic enzymes in lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Kun Hao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Yu Hong
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Jinwei Zhu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Wenjiao Jiang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University Park Campus, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +86-25-83271128 (G.W.); +86-25-83271176 (Y.P.); Fax: +86-25-83271060 (G.W. & Y.P.)
| | - Ying Peng
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +86-25-83271128 (G.W.); +86-25-83271176 (Y.P.); Fax: +86-25-83271060 (G.W. & Y.P.)
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47
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Amorim FT, Nava RC, Escobar KA, Li Z, Welch AM, Fennel ZJ, McKenna ZJ, Gibson AL. Autophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with body fat percentage. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-7. [PMID: 33724888 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1887267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Numerous chronic conditions including obesity exhibit autophagic dysfunction. Association of immune cell autophagic marker regulation by body fat percentage (%BF) is unknown. OBJECTIVE Investigate autophagy activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of adults with distinct %BFs and obesity-related circulating inflammatory markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen individuals (eight males) with %BF above (n = 8, 36.9 ± 3.6 years, 27.1 ± 8.1%BF) and below (n = 8, 37.1 ± 3.7 years, 13.3 ± 3.7%BF) their age- and sex-specific 50th percentile value based on the American College Sports Medicine guidelines participated. Body fat percentage was calculated from hydrostatic weighing. PBMCs were isolated from venous blood, and PBMC autophagic flux markers (LC3-I, LC3-II, and p62) were measured via Western blot. CRP, resistin, leptin, and adiponectin were measured via ELISA. RESULTS LC3-II/LC3-I ratio correlated with %BF (r=-0.56, p=.023). Insulin (p=.05) and CRP (p=.018) were higher in high %BF participants. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Autophagic activity markers in PBMCs correlate with %BF, but are not different between %BF groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano T Amorim
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Roberto C Nava
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kurt A Escobar
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Physiology of Exercise and Sport Lab, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Zidong Li
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anna M Welch
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Zachary J Fennel
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Zachary J McKenna
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ann L Gibson
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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48
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Zheng L, Zhang Z, Sheng P, Mobasheri A. The role of metabolism in chondrocyte dysfunction and the progression of osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101249. [PMID: 33383189 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by low-grade inflammation and high levels of clinical heterogeneity. Aberrant chondrocyte metabolism is a response to changes in the inflammatory microenvironment and may play a key role in cartilage degeneration and OA progression. Under conditions of environmental stress, chondrocytes tend to adapt their metabolism to microenvironmental changes by shifting from one metabolic pathway to another, for example from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Similar changes occur in other joint cells, including synoviocytes. Switching between these pathways is implicated in metabolic alterations that involve mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced anaerobic glycolysis, and altered lipid and amino acid metabolism. The shift between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis is mainly regulated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Chondrocyte metabolic changes are likely to be a feature of different OA phenotypes. Determining the role of chondrocyte metabolism in OA has revealed key features of disease pathogenesis. Future research should place greater emphasis on immunometabolism and altered metabolic pathways as a means to understand the pathophysiology of age-related OA. This knowledge will advance the development of new drugs against therapeutic targets of metabolic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Zheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Ziji Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Puyi Sheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 China.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 China; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania; Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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49
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Heier C, Knittelfelder O, Hofbauer HF, Mende W, Pörnbacher I, Schiller L, Schoiswohl G, Xie H, Grönke S, Shevchenko A, Kühnlein RP. Hormone-sensitive lipase couples intergenerational sterol metabolism to reproductive success. eLife 2021; 10:63252. [PMID: 33538247 PMCID: PMC7880688 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TG) and steryl ester (SE) lipid storage is a universal strategy to maintain organismal energy and membrane homeostasis. Cycles of building and mobilizing storage fat are fundamental in (re)distributing lipid substrates between tissues or to progress ontogenetic transitions. In this study, we show that Hormone-sensitive lipase (Hsl) specifically controls SE mobilization to initiate intergenerational sterol transfer in Drosophila melanogaster. Tissue-autonomous Hsl functions in the maternal fat body and germline coordinately prevent adult SE overstorage and maximize sterol allocation to embryos. While Hsl-deficiency is largely dispensable for normal development on sterol-rich diets, animals depend on adipocyte Hsl for optimal fecundity when dietary sterol becomes limiting. Notably, accumulation of SE but not of TG is a characteristic of Hsl-deficient cells across phyla including murine white adipocytes. In summary, we identified Hsl as an ancestral regulator of SE degradation, which improves intergenerational sterol transfer and reproductive success in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Oskar Knittelfelder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Harald F Hofbauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mende
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingrid Pörnbacher
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Schiller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hao Xie
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Grönke
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronald P Kühnlein
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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50
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Lemmer IL, Willemsen N, Hilal N, Bartelt A. A guide to understanding endoplasmic reticulum stress in metabolic disorders. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101169. [PMID: 33484951 PMCID: PMC7887651 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global rise of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, demands a thorough molecular understanding of the cellular mechanisms that govern health or disease. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle for cellular function and metabolic adaptation and, therefore disturbed ER function, known as "ER stress," is a key feature of metabolic disorders. SCOPE OF REVIEW As ER stress remains a poorly defined phenomenon, this review provides a general guide to understanding the nature, etiology, and consequences of ER stress in metabolic disorders. We define ER stress by its type of stressor, which is driven by proteotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and/or glucotoxicity. We discuss the implications of ER stress in metabolic disorders by reviewing evidence implicating ER phenotypes and organelle communication, protein quality control, calcium homeostasis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and inflammation as key mechanisms in the development of ER stress and metabolic dysfunction. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In mammalian biology, ER is a phenotypically and functionally diverse platform for nutrient sensing, which is critical for cell type-specific metabolic control by hepatocytes, adipocytes, muscle cells, and neurons. In these cells, ER stress is a distinct, transient state of functional imbalance, which is usually resolved by the activation of adaptive programs such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD), or autophagy. However, challenges to proteostasis also impact lipid and glucose metabolism and vice versa. In the ER, sensing and adaptive measures are integrated and failure of the ER to adapt leads to aberrant metabolism, organelle dysfunction, insulin resistance, and inflammation. In conclusion, the ER is intricately linked to a wide spectrum of cellular functions and is a critical component in maintaining and restoring metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke L Lemmer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Pettenkoferstr. 9, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nienke Willemsen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Pettenkoferstr. 9, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Nazia Hilal
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Pettenkoferstr. 9, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Pettenkoferstr. 9, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 München, Germany; Department of Molecular Metabolism, 665 Huntington Avenue, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 02115 Boston, MA, USA.
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