1
|
Reed JN, Huang J, Li Y, Ma L, Banka D, Wabitsch M, Wang T, Ding W, Björkegren JL, Civelek M. Systems genetics analysis of human body fat distribution genes identifies adipocyte processes. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402603. [PMID: 38702075 PMCID: PMC11068934 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Excess abdominal fat is a sexually dimorphic risk factor for cardio-metabolic disease and is approximated by the waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI). Whereas this trait is highly heritable, few causal genes are known. We aimed to identify novel drivers of WHRadjBMI using systems genetics. We used two independent cohorts of adipose tissue gene expression and constructed sex- and depot-specific Bayesian networks to model gene-gene interactions from 8,492 genes. Using key driver analysis, we identified genes that, in silico and putatively in vitro, regulate many others. 51-119 key drivers in each network were replicated in both cohorts. In other cell types, 23 of these genes are found in crucial adipocyte pathways: Wnt signaling or mitochondrial function. We overexpressed or down-regulated seven key driver genes in human subcutaneous pre-adipocytes. Key driver genes ANAPC2 and RSPO1 inhibited adipogenesis, whereas PSME3 increased adipogenesis. RSPO1 increased Wnt signaling activity. In differentiated adipocytes, MIGA1 and UBR1 down-regulation led to mitochondrial dysfunction. These five genes regulate adipocyte function, and we hypothesize that they regulate fat distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N Reed
- https://ror.org/0153tk833 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- https://ror.org/0153tk833 Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- Novo Nordisk Research Center China, Novo Nordisk A/S, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Novo Nordisk Research Center China, Novo Nordisk A/S, Beijing, China
| | - Lijiang Ma
- https://ror.org/04a9tmd77 Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dhanush Banka
- https://ror.org/0153tk833 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Novo Nordisk Research Center China, Novo Nordisk A/S, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Ding
- Novo Nordisk Research Center China, Novo Nordisk A/S, Beijing, China
| | - Johan Lm Björkegren
- https://ror.org/04a9tmd77 Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mete Civelek
- https://ror.org/0153tk833 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- https://ror.org/0153tk833 Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Q, Wu Z, Shi Y, Li Z, Yang J, Qu M, Zhang S, Wang Z, Ji N, Li J, Shen Y, Xie L, Chen Q. Loss of PA28γ exacerbates imbalanced differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells during bone formation and bone healing in mice. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:326-340. [PMID: 38477820 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Proteasome activator subunit 3 (PA28γ) is a member of the proteasome activator family, which mainly regulates the degradation and stability of proteins. Studies have shown that it plays crucial roles in lipid formation, stemness maintenance, and blood vessel formation. However, few studies have clarified the association between PA28γ and bone diseases. Herein, we identified PA28γ as a previously unknown regulator of bone homeostasis that coordinates bone formation and lipid accumulation. PA28γ-knockout mice presented with the characteristics of low bone mass and accumulation of lipids. Suppressed expression of PA28γ restrained the osteogenic differentiation and enhanced the adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Overexpression of PA28γ promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Mechanistically, PA28γ interacted with Wnt5α, and the two interactors appeared to be positively correlated. PA28γ mainly activated the downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which affects BMSCs differentiation homeostasis. Deletion of Wnt5α significantly delayed the promotion of osteogenic differentiation and partially alleviated the inhibitory effect of adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs in the PA28γ-overexpressing group. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PA28γ-knockout mice had an inhibited rate of bone healing in a drill-hole femoral bone defect model in vivo. Therefore, our results confirm the effects of PA28γ on bone formation and bone defect repair, indicating that PA28γ mainly interacts with Wnt5α to activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulating BMSCs differentiation homeostasis. Our results reveal the function of PA28γ in bone diseases and provide a new theoretical basis for expanding the treatment of bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - ZuPing Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - YuJie Shi
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - ZaiYe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - JiaKang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - MoYuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - ShiYu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - YingQiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cascio P. PA28γ, the ring that makes tumors invisible to the immune system? Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00078-6. [PMID: 38631454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
PA28γ is a proteasomal interactor whose main and most known function is to stimulate the hydrolytic activity of the 20 S proteasome independently of ubiquitin and ATP. Unlike its two paralogues, PA28α and PA28β, PA28γ is largely present in the nuclear compartment and plays pivotal functions in important pathways such as cellular division, apoptosis, neoplastic transformation, chromatin structure and organization, fertility, lipid metabolism, and DNA repair mechanisms. Although it is known that a substantial fraction of PA28γ is found in the cell in a free form (i.e. not associated with 20 S), almost all of the studies so far have focused on its ability to modulate proteasomal enzymatic activities. In this respect, the ability of PA28γ to strongly stimulate degradation of proteins, especially if intrinsically disordered and therefore devoid of three-dimensional tightly folded structure, appears to be the main molecular mechanism underlying its multiple biological effects. Initial studies, conducted more than 20 years ago, came to the conclusion that among the many biological functions of PA28γ, the immunological ones were rather limited and circumscribed. In this review, we focus on recent evidence showing that PA28γ fulfills significant functions in cell-mediated acquired immunity, with a particular role in attenuating MHC class I antigen presentation, especially in relation to neoplastic transformation and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cascio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dong C, Guo Y, Yang Y, Ge X. Comprehensive analysis of PSME3: from pan-cancer analysis to experimental validation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1295693. [PMID: 38312840 PMCID: PMC10834762 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1295693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PSME3 plays a significant role in tumor progression. However, the prognostic value of PSME3 in pan-cancer and its involvement in tumor immunity remain unclear. We conducted a comprehensive study utilizing extensive RNA sequencing data from the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GTEx (Genotype-Tissue Expression) databases. Our research revealed abnormal expression levels of PSME3 in various cancer types and unveiled a correlation between high PSME3 expression and adverse clinical outcomes, especially in cancers like liver cancer (LIHC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Functional enrichment analysis highlighted multiple biological functions of PSME3, including its involvement in protein degradation, immune responses, and stem cell regulation. Moreover, PSME3 showed associations with immune infiltration and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, indicating its potential role in shaping the cancer immune landscape. The study also unveiled connections between PSME3 and immune checkpoint expression, with experimental validation demonstrating that PSME3 positively regulates CD276. This suggests that PSME3 could be a potential therapeutic target in immunotherapy. Additionally, we predicted sensitive drugs targeting PSME3. Finally, we confirmed in both single-factor Cox and multiple-factor Cox regression analyses that PSME3 is an independent prognostic factor. We also conducted preliminary validations of the impact of PSME3 on cell proliferation and wound healing in liver cancer. In summary, our study reveals the multifaceted role of PSME3 in cancer biology, immune regulation, and clinical outcomes, providing crucial insights for personalized cancer treatment strategies and the development of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Dong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanrong Yang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reed JN, Huang J, Li Y, Ma L, Banka D, Wabitsch M, Wang T, Ding W, Björkegren JLM, Civelek M. Systems genetics analysis of human body fat distribution genes identifies Wnt signaling and mitochondrial activity in adipocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.06.556534. [PMID: 37732278 PMCID: PMC10508754 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.06.556534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess fat in the abdomen is a sexually dimorphic risk factor for cardio-metabolic disease. The relative storage between abdominal and lower-body subcutaneous adipose tissue depots is approximated by the waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified 346 loci near 495 genes associated with WHRadjBMI. Most of these genes have unknown roles in fat distribution, but many are expressed and putatively act in adipose tissue. We aimed to identify novel sex- and depot-specific drivers of WHRadjBMI using a systems genetics approach. METHODS We used two independent cohorts of adipose tissue gene expression with 362 - 444 males and 147 - 219 females, primarily of European ancestry. We constructed sex- and depot- specific Bayesian networks to model the gene-gene interactions from 8,492 adipose tissue genes. Key driver analysis identified genes that, in silico and putatively in vitro, regulate many others, including the 495 WHRadjBMI GWAS genes. Key driver gene function was determined by perturbing their expression in human subcutaneous pre-adipocytes using lenti-virus or siRNA. RESULTS 51 - 119 key drivers in each network were replicated in both cohorts. We used single-cell expression data to select replicated key drivers expressed in adipocyte precursors and mature adipocytes, prioritized genes which have not been previously studied in adipose tissue, and used public human and mouse data to nominate 53 novel key driver genes (10 - 21 from each network) that may regulate fat distribution by altering adipocyte function. In other cell types, 23 of these genes are found in crucial adipocyte pathways: Wnt signaling or mitochondrial function. We selected seven genes whose expression is highly correlated with WHRadjBMI to further study their effects on adipogenesis/Wnt signaling (ANAPC2, PSME3, RSPO1, TYRO3) or mitochondrial function (C1QTNF3, MIGA1, PSME3, UBR1).Adipogenesis was inhibited in cells overexpressing ANAPC2 and RSPO1 compared to controls. RSPO1 results are consistent with a positive correlation between gene expression in the subcutaneous depot and WHRadjBMI, therefore lower relative storage in the subcutaneous depot. RSPO1 inhibited adipogenesis by increasing β-catenin activation and Wnt-related transcription, thus repressing PPARG and CEBPA. PSME3 overexpression led to more adipogenesis than controls. In differentiated adipocytes, MIGA1 and UBR1 downregulation led to mitochondrial dysfunction, with lower oxygen consumption than controls; MIGA1 knockdown also lowered UCP1 expression. SUMMARY ANAPC2, MIGA1, PSME3, RSPO1, and UBR1 affect adipocyte function and may drive body fat distribution.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bioactive Compounds as Inhibitors of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysfunctions via Regulation of Cellular Redox Balance and Histone Acetylation State. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050925. [PMID: 36900446 PMCID: PMC10000917 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds (BCs) are known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties by regulating the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. BCs can control chronic oxidative states caused by dietary stress, i.e., alcohol, high-fat, or high-glycemic diet, and adjust the redox balance to recover physiological conditions. Unique functions of BCs to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) can resolve the redox imbalance due to the excessive generation of ROS. The ability of BCs to regulate the histone acetylation state contributes to the activation of transcription factors involved in immunity and metabolism against dietary stress. The protective properties of BCs are mainly ascribed to the roles of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). As a histone deacetylase (HDAC), SIRT1 modulates the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state by mediating ROS generation, regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/NADH ratio, and activating NRF2 in metabolic progression. In this study, the unique functions of BCs against diet-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysfunction have been considered by focusing on the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. This work may provide evidence for the development of effective therapeutic agents from BCs.
Collapse
|
7
|
Reciprocal REG γ-Nrf2 Regulation Promotes Long Period ROS Scavenging in Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:4743885. [PMID: 36659906 PMCID: PMC9845040 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4743885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decline of adaptive response of antioxidants to oxidative stimuli has been implicated in the aging process. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation is a core event in attenuating oxidative stress-associated aging. The activity is modulated by a more complex regulatory network. In this study, we demonstrate the proteasome activator REGγ function as a new regulator of Nrf2 activity upon oxidative stress in cell aging model induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). REGγ deficiency promotes cell senescence in primary MEF cells after H2O2 treatment. Accordingly, ROS scavenging is accelerated in WT cells but blunted in REGγ lacking cells during 12-hour recovery from a 1-hour H2O2 treatment, indicating long-lasting antioxidant buffering capacity of REGγ. Mechanistically, through GSK-3β inhibition, REGγ enhances the nuclear distribution and transcriptional activity of Nrf2, which is surveyed by induction of phase II enzymes including Ho1 and Nqo1. Meanwhile, Nrf2 mediates the transcriptional activation of REGγ upon H2O2 stimulation. More interestingly, short-term exposure to H2O2 leads to transiently upregulation and gradually descent of REGγ transcription, however sustained higher REGγ protein level even in the absence of H2O2 for 24 hours. Thus, our results establish a positive feedback loop between REGγ and Nrf2 and a new layer of adaptive response after oxidative stimulation that is the REGγ-GSK-3β-Nrf2 pathway.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie Y, Gao R, Gao Y, Dong Z, Ge J. 11S Proteasome Activator REGγ Promotes Aortic Dissection by Inhibiting RBM3 (RNA Binding Motif Protein 3) Pathway. Hypertension 2023; 80:125-137. [PMID: 36330811 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disorder with high mortality and lacking underlying mechanisms or effective treatments. REGγ, the 11S proteasome activator known to promote the degradation of cellular proteins in a ubiquitin- and ATP-independent manner, emerges as a new regulator in the cardiovascular system. METHODS Using β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN)-subjected REGγ knockout AD mice and Ang II (angiotensin II)-treated REGγ deficiency vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to explore the effect of REGγ in AD progression. RESULTS REGγ was upregulated in mouse aorta of β-aminopropionitrile-induced AD model in vivo and Ang II-treated VSMCs in vitro. REGγ deficiency ameliorated AD progression in β-aminopropionitrile-induced mice by protecting against the switch in VSMCs from contractile to synthetic phenotype through suppressing RBM3 (RNA-binding motif protein 3) decay. Mechanically, REGγ interacted with and degraded the RNA-binding protein RBM3 directly, leading to decreased mRNA stability, lowered expression and transcriptional activity of transcription factor SRF (serum response factor), subsequently reduced transcription of VSMCs-specific contractile genes, α-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin) and SM22α (smooth muscle 22 alpha), caused the switch in VSMCs from contractile to synthetic phenotype and associated AD progression. Ablation of endogenous SRF or RBM3, or overexpressing exogenous RBM3 in VSMCs significantly blocked or reestablished the REGγ-dependent action on VSMCs phenotypic switch of Ang II stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, exogenously introducing RBM3 improved the switch in VSMCs from contractile to synthetic phenotype and associated AD features caused by REGγ in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that REGγ promoted the switch in VSMCs from contractile to synthetic phenotype and AD progression by inhibiting RBM3-SRF pathway, indicated that modulating REGγ-proteasome activity may be a potential therapeutic approach for AD-associated cardiovascular dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.X., R.G., Y.G., Z.D., J.G.).,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases' Shanghai' China (Y.X., R.G., Y.G., Z.D., J.G.).,Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.X., J.G.)
| | - Rifeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.X., R.G., Y.G., Z.D., J.G.).,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases' Shanghai' China (Y.X., R.G., Y.G., Z.D., J.G.)
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.X., R.G., Y.G., Z.D., J.G.).,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases' Shanghai' China (Y.X., R.G., Y.G., Z.D., J.G.)
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.X., R.G., Y.G., Z.D., J.G.).,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases' Shanghai' China (Y.X., R.G., Y.G., Z.D., J.G.)
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.X., R.G., Y.G., Z.D., J.G.).,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases' Shanghai' China (Y.X., R.G., Y.G., Z.D., J.G.).,Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.X., J.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tu J, Zhang H, Yang T, Liu Y, Kibreab S, Zhang Y, Gao L, Moses RE, O'Malley BW, Xiao J, Li X. Aging-associated REGγ proteasome decline predisposes to tauopathy. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102571. [PMID: 36209822 PMCID: PMC9647549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The REGγ-20S proteasome is an ubiquitin- and ATP-independent degradation system, targeting selective substrates, possibly helping to regulate aging. The studies we report here demonstrate that aging-associated REGγ decline predisposes to decreasing tau turnover, as in a tauopathy. The REGγ proteasome promotes degradation of human and mouse tau, notably phosphorylated tau and toxic tau oligomers that shuttle between the cytoplasm and nuclei. REGγ-mediated proteasomal degradation of tau was validated in 3- to 12-month-old REGγ KO mice, REGγ KO;PS19 mice, and PS19 mice with forebrain conditional neuron-specific overexpression of REGγ (REGγ OE) and behavioral abnormalities. Coupled with tau accumulation, we found with REGγ-deficiency, neuron loss, dendrite reduction, tau filament accumulation, and microglial activation are much more prominent in the REGγ KO;PS19 than the PS19 model. Moreover, we observed that the degenerative neuronal lesions and aberrant behaviors were alleviated in REGγ OE;PS19 mice. Memory and other behavior analysis substantiate the role of REGγ in prevention of tauopathy-like symptoms. In addition, we investigated the potential mechanism underlying aging-related REGγ decline. This study provides valuable insights into the novel regulatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for tau-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Akan OD, Qin D, Guo T, Lin Q, Luo F. Sirtfoods: New Concept Foods, Functions, and Mechanisms. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192955. [PMID: 36230032 PMCID: PMC9563801 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtfood is a new concept food that compounds diets that can target sirtuins (SIRTs). SIRTs are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases (enzymes). SIRTs are mediators of calorie restriction (CR) and their activation can achieve some effects similar to CR. SIRTs play essential roles in ameliorating obesity and age-related metabolic diseases. Food ingredients such as resveratrol, piceatannol, anthocyanidin, and quinine are potential modulators of SIRTs. SIRT modulators are involved in autophagy, apoptosis, aging, inflammation, and energy homeostasis. Sirtfood proponents believe that natural Sirtfood recipes exert significant health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otobong Donald Akan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biological Science, Akwa-Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Uyo 1167, Nigeria
| | - Dandan Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Tianyi Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-85623240
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The proteasome activator REGγ promotes diabetic endothelial impairment by inhibiting HMGA2-GLUT1 pathway. Transl Res 2022; 246:33-48. [PMID: 35367424 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic vascular endothelial impairment is one of the main causes of death in patients with diabetes lacking adequately defined mechanisms or effective treatments. REGγ, the 11S proteasome activator known to promote the degradation of cellular proteins in a ubiquitin- and ATP-independent manner, emerges as a new regulator in the cardiovascular system. Here, we found that REGγ was upregulated in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse aortic endothelium in vivo and high glucose (HG)-treated vascular endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro. REGγ deficiency ameliorated endothelial impairment in STZ-induced diabetic mice by protecting against a decline in cellular glucose uptake and associated vascular ECs dysfunction by suppressing high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) decay. Mechanically, REGγ interacted with and degraded the transcription factor HMGA2 directly, leading to decreased HMGA2 transcriptional activity, subsequently lowered expression of glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1), and reduced cellular glucose uptake, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and impaired diabetic endothelium. Ablation of endogenous GLUT1 or HMGA2 or overexpressing exogenous HMGA2 in vascular ECs significantly blocked or reestablished the REGγ-dependent action on cellular glucose uptake and vascular endothelial functions of HG stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, exogenously introducing HMGA2 improved diabetic mice endothelial impairment features caused by REGγ in vivo, thereby substantiating a REGγ-HMGA2-GLUT1 pathway in diabetic endothelial impairment. Our findings indicate that modulating REGγ-proteasome activity may be a potential therapeutic approach for diabetic disorders with endothelial impairment.
Collapse
|
12
|
Regulation of Life & Death by REGγ. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152281. [PMID: 35892577 PMCID: PMC9330691 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
REGγ, a proteasome activator belonging to the 11S (otherwise known as REG, PA28, or PSME) proteasome activator family, is widely present in many eukaryotes. By binding to the 20S catalytic core particle, REGγ acts as a molecular sieve to selectively target proteins for degradation in an ATP- and ubiquitin-independent manner. This non-canonical proteasome pathway directly regulates seemingly unrelated cellular processes including cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage response, immune response, and metabolism. By affecting different pathways, REGγ plays a vital role in the regulation of cellular life and death through the maintenance of protein homeostasis. As a promoter of cellular growth and a key regulator of several tumor suppressors, many recent studies have linked REGγ overexpression with tumor formation and suggested the REGγ-proteasome as a potential target of new cancer-drug development. This review will present an overview of the major functions of REGγ as it relates to the regulation of cellular life and death, along with new mechanistic insights into the regulation of REGγ.
Collapse
|
13
|
Frayssinhes JYA, Cerruti F, Laulin J, Cattaneo A, Bachi A, Apcher S, Coux O, Cascio P. PA28γ-20S proteasome is a proteolytic complex committed to degrade unfolded proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:45. [PMID: 34913092 PMCID: PMC11071804 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PA28γ is a nuclear activator of the 20S proteasome that, unlike the 19S regulatory particle, stimulates hydrolysis of several substrates in an ATP- and ubiquitin-independent manner and whose exact biological functions and molecular mechanism of action still remain elusive. In an effort to shed light on these important issues, we investigated the stimulatory effect of PA28γ on the hydrolysis of different fluorogenic peptides and folded or denatured full-length proteins by the 20S proteasome. Importantly, PA28γ was found to dramatically enhance breakdown rates by 20S proteasomes of several naturally or artificially unstructured proteins, but not of their native, folded counterparts. Furthermore, these data were corroborated by experiments in cell lines with a nucleus-tagged myelin basic protein. Finally, mass spectrometry analysis of the products generated during proteasomal degradation of two proteins demonstrated that PA28γ does not increase, but rather decreases, the variability of peptides that are potentially suitable for MHC class I antigen presentation. These unexpected findings indicate that global stimulation of the degradation of unfolded proteins may represent a more general feature of PA28γ and suggests that this proteasomal activator might play a broader role in the pathway of protein degradation than previously believed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulvia Cerruti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Justine Laulin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Immunologie Des Tumeurs et Immunothérapie, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Angela Bachi
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastien Apcher
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Immunologie Des Tumeurs et Immunothérapie, Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Coux
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Paolo Cascio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu X, Yang M, Lin Z, Mael SK, Li Y, Zhang L, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Li J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Yang B, Huang T, Guan F, Li Z, Moses RE, Li L, Wang B, Li X, Zhang B. REGγ drives Lgr5 + stem cells to potentiate radiation induced intestinal regeneration. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:1608-1623. [PMID: 34826093 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), a marker of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), is considered to play key roles in tissue homoeostasis and regeneration after acute radiation injury. However, the activation of Lgr5 by integrated signaling pathways upon radiation remains poorly understood. Here, we show that irradiation of mice with whole-body depletion or conditional ablation of REGγ in Lgr5+ stem cell impairs proliferation of intestinal crypts, delaying regeneration of intestine epithelial cells. Mechanistically, REGγ enhances transcriptional activation of Lgr5 via the potentiation of both Wnt and Hippo signal pathways. TEAD4 alone or cooperates with TCF4, a transcription factor mediating Wnt signaling, to enhance the expression of Lgr5. Silencing TEAD4 drastically attenuated β-catenin/TCF4 dependent expression of Lgr5. Together, our study reveals how REGγ controls Lgr5 expression and expansion of Lgr5+ stem cells in the regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, REGγ proteasome appears to be a potential therapeutic target for radiation-induced gastrointestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhan Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Minglei Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zaijun Lin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Solomon Kibreab Mael
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ya Li
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yaqi Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yuping Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Pathology, Xuchang Central Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Science and Technology, Xuchang, 461000, China
| | - Zimeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tingmei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Robb E Moses
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Minhang Branch, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 20051, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Bianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sirtuins and Autophagy in Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lessons from the C. elegans Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212263. [PMID: 34830158 PMCID: PMC8619060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated neurodegenerative diseases are known to have "impaired protein clearance" as one of the key features causing their onset and progression. Hence, homeostasis is the key to maintaining balance throughout the cellular system as an organism ages. Any imbalance in the protein clearance machinery is responsible for accumulation of unwanted proteins, leading to pathological consequences-manifesting in neurodegeneration and associated debilitating outcomes. Multiple processes are involved in regulating this phenomenon; however, failure to regulate the autophagic machinery is a critical process that hampers the protein clearing pathway, leading to neurodegeneration. Another important and widely known component that plays a role in modulating neurodegeneration is a class of proteins called sirtuins. These are class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) that are known to regulate various vital processes such as longevity, genomic stability, transcription and DNA repair. These enzymes are also known to modulate neurodegeneration in an autophagy-dependent manner. Considering its genetic relevance and ease of studying disease-related endpoints in neurodegeneration, the model system Caenorhabditis elegans has been successfully employed in deciphering various functional outcomes related to critical protein molecules, cell death pathways and their association with ageing. This review summarizes the vital role of sirtuins and autophagy in ageing and neurodegeneration, in particular highlighting the knowledge obtained using the C. elegans model system.
Collapse
|
16
|
Giroud M, Jodeleit H, Prentice KJ, Bartelt A. Adipocyte function and the development of cardiometabolic disease. J Physiol 2021; 600:1189-1208. [PMID: 34555180 DOI: 10.1113/jp281979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a medical disorder caused by multiple mechanisms of dysregulated energy balance. A major consequence of obesity is an increased risk to develop diabetes, diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease. While a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease is needed, translational research of the human pathology is hampered by the available cellular and rodent model systems. Major barriers are the species-specific differences in energy balance, vascular biology and adipose tissue physiology, especially related to white and brown adipocytes, and adipose tissue browning. In rodents, non-shivering thermogenesis is responsible for a large part of energy expenditure, but humans possess much less thermogenic fat, which means temperature is an important variable in translational research. Mouse models with predisposition to dyslipidaemia housed at thermoneutrality and fed a high-fat diet more closely reflect human physiology. Also, adipocytes play a key role in the endocrine regulation of cardiovascular function. Adipocytes secrete a variety of hormones, lipid mediators and other metabolites that directly influence the local microenvironment as well as distant tissues. This is specifically apparent in perivascular depots, where adipocytes modulate vascular function and inflammation. Altogether, these mechanisms highlight the critical role of adipocytes in the development of cardiometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Giroud
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henrika Jodeleit
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Kacey J Prentice
- Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.,Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ruano D. Proteostasis Dysfunction in Aged Mammalian Cells. The Stressful Role of Inflammation. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:658742. [PMID: 34222330 PMCID: PMC8245766 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.658742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological and multifactorial process characterized by a progressive and irreversible deterioration of the physiological functions leading to a progressive increase in morbidity. In the next decades, the world population is expected to reach ten billion, and globally, elderly people over 80 are projected to triple in 2050. Consequently, it is also expected an increase in the incidence of age-related pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, or neurodegenerative disorders. Disturbance of cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is a hallmark of normal aging that increases cell vulnerability and might be involved in the etiology of several age-related diseases. This review will focus on the molecular alterations occurring during normal aging in the most relevant protein quality control systems such as molecular chaperones, the UPS, and the ALS. Also, alterations in their functional cooperation will be analyzed. Finally, the role of inflammation, as a synergistic negative factor of the protein quality control systems during normal aging, will also be addressed. A better comprehension of the age-dependent modifications affecting the cellular proteostasis, as well as the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these alterations, might be very helpful to identify relevant risk factors that could be responsible for or contribute to cell deterioration, a fundamental question still pending in biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ruano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
REGγ regulates hair cycle by activating Lgr5 positive hair follicle stem cells. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 102:101-108. [PMID: 33933312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND REGγ acts as a proteasome activating factor mediating proteasome degradation of substrate proteins in an ATP and ubiquitination independent manner and also as an important regulator of cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis. Hair cycle involves dynamic, continuous morphological changes of three stages (anagen, catagen and telogen). OBJECTIVE The function of REGγ in hair cycling is still unclear. METHODS Here, we used REGγ knockout 293 T cells, inducible 293WT and 293N151Y cell, REGγ knockout mice to identify the novel molecular mechanism of REGγ in regulating hair follicle stem cells. RESULTS In the present study, we found that REGγ deletion markedly delayed the transition of hair follicles from telogen to anagen and hair regeneration in mice. We also observed significant decrease of hair follicle stem cell number, stem-like property and proliferation ability. Interestingly, the results from real-time PCR, FACS, Western Blot and immunofluorescent analysis showed that REGγ deletion could greatly downregulate Lgr5 expression in the hair follicles. Meanwhile, REGγ was demonstrated to directly interact with LHX2 and promotes its degradation. Importantly, REGγ specific deletion in Lgr5+ stem cells induced the marked delay of hair regeneration after depilation. CONCLUSION These data together indicate that REGγ was a new mediator of Lgr5 expression in hair follicle at least partly by promoting the degradation of its suppressive transcription factor LHX2. It seemed that REGγ regulated hair anagen entry and hair regrowth by activating Lgr5 positive hair follicle stem cells.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang M, Lin H. Understanding the Function of Mammalian Sirtuins and Protein Lysine Acylation. Annu Rev Biochem 2021; 90:245-285. [PMID: 33848425 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-082520-125411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation is an important posttranslational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. Targeting lysine acetylation regulatory factors, such as acetyltransferases, deacetylases, and acetyl-lysine recognition domains, has been shown to have potential for treating human diseases, including cancer and neurological diseases. Over the past decade, many other acyl-lysine modifications, such as succinylation, crotonylation, and long-chain fatty acylation, have also been investigated and shown to have interesting biological functions. Here, we provide an overview of the functions of different acyl-lysine modifications in mammals. We focus on lysine acetylation as it is well characterized, and principles learned from acetylation are useful for understanding the functions of other lysine acylations. We pay special attention to the sirtuins, given that the study of sirtuins has provided a great deal of information about the functions of lysine acylation. We emphasize the regulation of sirtuins to illustrate that their regulation enables cells to respond to various signals and stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cascio P. PA28γ: New Insights on an Ancient Proteasome Activator. Biomolecules 2021; 11:228. [PMID: 33562807 PMCID: PMC7915322 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PA28 (also known as 11S, REG or PSME) is a family of proteasome regulators whose members are widely present in many of the eukaryotic supergroups. In jawed vertebrates they are represented by three paralogs, PA28α, PA28β, and PA28γ, which assemble as heptameric hetero (PA28αβ) or homo (PA28γ) rings on one or both extremities of the 20S proteasome cylindrical structure. While they share high sequence and structural similarities, the three isoforms significantly differ in terms of their biochemical and biological properties. In fact, PA28α and PA28β seem to have appeared more recently and to have evolved very rapidly to perform new functions that are specifically aimed at optimizing the process of MHC class I antigen presentation. In line with this, PA28αβ favors release of peptide products by proteasomes and is particularly suited to support adaptive immune responses without, however, affecting hydrolysis rates of protein substrates. On the contrary, PA28γ seems to be a slow-evolving gene that is most similar to the common ancestor of the PA28 activators family, and very likely retains its original functions. Notably, PA28γ has a prevalent nuclear localization and is involved in the regulation of several essential cellular processes including cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, chromatin structure and organization, and response to DNA damage. In striking contrast with the activity of PA28αβ, most of these diverse biological functions of PA28γ seem to depend on its ability to markedly enhance degradation rates of regulatory protein by 20S proteasome. The present review will focus on the molecular mechanisms and biochemical properties of PA28γ, which are likely to account for its various and complex biological functions and highlight the common features with the PA28αβ paralog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cascio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The ATM and ATR kinases regulate centrosome clustering and tumor recurrence by targeting KIFC1 phosphorylation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:20. [PMID: 33397932 PMCID: PMC7782532 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance and tumor recurrence are major challenges in cancer treatment. Cancer cells often display centrosome amplification. To maintain survival, cancer cells achieve bipolar division by clustering supernumerary centrosomes. Targeting centrosome clustering is therefore considered a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the regulatory mechanisms of centrosome clustering remain unclear. Here we report that KIFC1, a centrosome clustering regulator, is positively associated with tumor recurrence. Under DNA damaging treatments, the ATM and ATR kinases phosphorylate KIFC1 at Ser26 to selectively maintain the survival of cancer cells with amplified centrosomes via centrosome clustering, leading to drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Inhibition of KIFC1 phosphorylation represses centrosome clustering and tumor recurrence. This study identified KIFC1 as a prognostic tumor recurrence marker, and revealed that tumors can acquire therapeutic resistance and recurrence via triggering centrosome clustering under DNA damage stresses, suggesting that blocking KIFC1 phosphorylation may open a new vista for cancer therapy. Centrosome clustering is a promising therapeutic target in cancer but how it is regulated remains unclear. Here, the authors show that in response to DNA damage, ATM/ATR stabilize the centrosome clustering regulator KIFC1 leading to increased clustering efficiency and tumour recurrence.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang M, Liu L, Chen D, Zhang X, Zhou C, Gan Q, Li Y, Wu Q, Li H, Xu W, Zhang M, Huang Q, Sun Y. Functional microRNA screening for dietary vitamin E regulation of abdominal fat deposition in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:344-349. [PMID: 32118485 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1736265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
1. Functional microRNA (miRNA) screening for abdominal fat tissue with different dietary vitamin E (VE) levels was performed to reveal miRNAs, genes and metabolic pathways involved in abdominal fat deposition in broilers. 2. A total of 240, one-day-old healthy female chicks were randomly allocated into five dietary treatments containing either 0, 20, 50, 75 or 100 IU DL-α-tocopherol acetate. The sequencing of miRNAs from abdominal fat tissues was performed. The target genes of miRNAs were predicted and enrichment analysis for these genes was performed. Diets supplemented with 50 IU VE significantly diminished abdominal fat deposition in broilers at day 35 of age. 3. A total of 29 miRNAs were differentially expressed between control and 50 IU VE treatment. Ten of the 23 target genes were enriched in four signalling pathways: tight junction, SNARE interactions in vesicular transport, regulation of autophagy and proteasome. 4. This study identified miRNA, target genes and pathways in dietary VE treatment for broilers, providing new insights into the miRNA regulation of abdominal fat deposition in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- College of Life Science, Longyan University , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology (Longyan University), Fujian Province University , Longyan, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - L Liu
- College of Life Science, Longyan University , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - D Chen
- College of Life Science, Longyan University , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - X Zhang
- College of Life Science, Longyan University , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - C Zhou
- College of Life Science, Longyan University , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Q Gan
- College of Life Science, Longyan University , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Y Li
- College of Life Science, Longyan University , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology (Longyan University), Fujian Province University , Longyan, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Q Wu
- College of Life Science, Longyan University , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology (Longyan University), Fujian Province University , Longyan, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - H Li
- College of Life Science, Longyan University , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology (Longyan University), Fujian Province University , Longyan, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - W Xu
- College of Life Science, Longyan University , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology (Longyan University), Fujian Province University , Longyan, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - M Zhang
- College of Life Science, Longyan University , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology (Longyan University), Fujian Province University , Longyan, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Q Huang
- College of Life Science, Longyan University , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology (Longyan University), Fujian Province University , Longyan, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Y Sun
- College of Life Science, Longyan University , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology , Longyan, Fujian, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology (Longyan University), Fujian Province University , Longyan, Fujian, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Subramonian D, Phanhthilath N, Rinehardt H, Flynn S, Huo Y, Zhang J, Messer K, Mo Q, Huang S, Lesperance J, Zage PE. Regorafenib is effective against neuroblastoma in vitro and in vivo and inhibits the RAS/MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Fos/Jun pathways. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:568-579. [PMID: 32457362 PMCID: PMC7434894 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regorafenib is an inhibitor of multiple kinases with aberrant expression and activity in neuroblastoma tumours that have potential roles in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. METHODS We evaluated neuroblastoma cells treated with regorafenib for cell viability and confluence, and analysed treated cells for apoptosis and cell cycle progression. We evaluated the efficacy of regorafenib in vivo using an orthotopic xenograft model. We evaluated regorafenib-mediated inhibition of kinase targets and performed reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis of neuroblastoma cells treated with regorafenib. Lastly, we evaluated the efficacy and effects of the combination of regorafenib and 13-cis-retinoic acid on intracellular signalling. RESULTS Regorafenib treatment resulted in reduced neuroblastoma cell viability and confluence, with both induction of apoptosis and of cell cycle arrest. Regorafenib treatment inhibits known receptor tyrosine kinase targets RET and PDGFRβ and intracellular signalling through the RAS/MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Fos/Jun pathways. Regorafenib is effective against neuroblastoma tumours in vivo, and the combination of regorafenib and 13-cis-retinoic acid demonstrates enhanced efficacy compared with regorafenib alone. CONCLUSIONS The effects of regorafenib on multiple intracellular signalling pathways and the potential additional efficacy when combined with 13-cis-retinoic acid represent opportunities to develop treatment regimens incorporating regorafenib for children with neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Subramonian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nikki Phanhthilath
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Rinehardt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sean Flynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuchen Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen Messer
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lesperance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter E Zage
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Regulation of histone deacetylase activities and functions by phosphorylation and its physiological relevance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:427-445. [PMID: 32683534 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are conserved enzymes that regulate many cellular processes by catalyzing the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues on histones and non-histone proteins. As appropriate for proteins that occupy such an essential biological role, HDAC activities and functions are in turn highly regulated. Overwhelming evidence suggests that the dysregulation of HDACs plays a major role in many human diseases. The regulation of HDACs is achieved by multiple different mechanisms, including posttranslational modifications. One of the most common posttranslational modifications on HDACs is reversible phosphorylation. Many HDAC phosphorylations are context-dependent, occurring in specific tissues or as a consequence of certain stimuli. Additionally, whereas phosphorylation can regulate some HDACs in a non-specific manner, many HDAC phosphorylations result in specific consequences. Although some of these modifications support normal HDAC function, aberrations can contribute to disease development. Here we review and critically evaluate how reversible phosphorylation activates or deactivates HDACs and, thereby, regulates their many functions under various cellular and physiological contexts.
Collapse
|
25
|
Xie Y, Gao Y, Gao R, Yang W, Dong Z, Moses RE, Sun A, Li X, Ge J. The proteasome activator REGγ accelerates cardiac hypertrophy by declining PP2Acα-SOD2 pathway. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2952-2972. [PMID: 32424140 PMCID: PMC7494903 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy eventually leads to heart failure without adequate treatment. REGγ is emerging as 11S proteasome activator of 20S proteasome to promote the degradation of cellular proteins in a ubiquitin- and ATP-independent manner. Here, we found that REGγ was significantly upregulated in the transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced hypertrophic hearts and angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated cardiomyocytes. REGγ deficiency ameliorated pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy were associated with inhibition of cardiac reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and suppression of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit α (PP2Acα) decay. Mechanistically, REGγ interacted with and targeted PP2Acα for degradation directly, thereby leading to increase of phosphorylation levels and nuclear export of Forkhead box protein O (FoxO) 3a and subsequent of SOD2 decline, ROS accumulation, and cardiac hypertrophy. Introducing exogenous PP2Acα or SOD2 to human cardiomyocytes significantly rescued the REGγ-mediated ROS accumulation of Ang II stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, treatment with superoxide dismutase mimetic, MnTBAP prevented cardiac ROS production and hypertrophy features that REGγ caused in vivo, thereby establishing a REGγ–PP2Acα–FoxO3a–SOD2 pathway in cardiac oxidative stress and hypertrophy, indicates modulating the REGγ-proteasome activity may be a potential therapeutic approach in cardiac hypertrophy-associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rifeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Robb E Moses
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pardo PS, Boriek AM. SIRT1 Regulation in Ageing and Obesity. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 188:111249. [PMID: 32320732 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ageing and obesity have common hallmarks: altered glucose and lipid metabolism, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are some examples. The downstream effects of SIRT1 activity have been thoroughly explored, and their research is still in expanse. SIRT1 activation has been shown to regulate pathways with beneficiary effects on 1) ageing and obesity-associated metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and type-II diabetes with, 2) chronic inflammatory processes such as arthritis, atherosclerosis and emphysema, 3) DNA damage and oxidative stress with impact on neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular health and some cancers. This knowledge intensified the interest in uncovering the mechanisms regulating the expression and activity of SIRT1. This review focuses on the upstream regulatory mechanisms controlling SIRT1, and how this knowledge could potentially contribute to the development of therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Pardo
- Pulmonary and Critical Care medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA.
| | - Aladin M Boriek
- Pulmonary and Critical Care medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang X, Zhan Y, Lin W, Zhao F, Guo C, Chen Y, Du M, Li D, Zhang L, An W, Wang H, Xie P. Smurf1 aggravates non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease by stabilizing SREBP‐1c in an E3 activity‐independent manner. FASEB J 2020; 34:7631-7643. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902952rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life Sciences Innovation Center for Cell Biology Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yutao Zhan
- Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Department of Cell Biology Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Department of Gastroenterology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Wenjun Lin
- Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Department of Cell Biology Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Department of Gastroenterology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Chaojing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing) Beijing Institute of Lifeomics Beijing China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Department of Cell Biology Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Mengge Du
- Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Department of Cell Biology Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Dongnian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing) Beijing Institute of Lifeomics Beijing China
| | - Wei An
- Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Department of Cell Biology Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Hong‐Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life Sciences Innovation Center for Cell Biology Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Ping Xie
- Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Department of Cell Biology Capital Medical University Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang X, Meul T, Meiners S. Exploring the proteasome system: A novel concept of proteasome inhibition and regulation. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107526. [PMID: 32173559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome is a well-identified therapeutic target for cancer treatment. It acts as the main protein degradation system in the cell and degrades key mediators of cell growth, survival and function. The term "proteasome" embraces a whole family of distinct complexes, which share a common proteolytic core, the 20S proteasome, but differ by their attached proteasome activators. Each of these proteasome complexes plays specific roles in the control of cellular function. In addition, distinct proteasome interacting proteins regulate proteasome activity in subcellular compartments and in response to cellular signals. Proteasome activators and regulators may thus serve as building blocks to fine-tune proteasome function in the cell according to cellular needs. Inhibitors of the proteasome, e.g. the FDA approved drugs Velcade™, Kyprolis™, Ninlaro™, inactivate the catalytic 20S core and effectively block protein degradation of all proteasome complexes in the cell resulting in inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis. Efficacy of these inhibitors, however, is hampered by their pronounced cytotoxic side-effects as well as by the emerging development of resistance to catalytic proteasome inhibitors. Targeted inhibition of distinct buiding blocks of the proteasome system, i.e. proteasome activators or regulators, represents an alternative strategy to overcome these limitations. In this review, we stress the importance of the diversity of the proteasome complexes constituting an entire proteasome system. Our building block concept provides a rationale for the defined targeting of distinct proteasome super-complexes in disease. We thereby aim to stimulate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches beyond broad catalytic proteasome inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meul
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kulek AR, Anzell A, Wider JM, Sanderson TH, Przyklenk K. Mitochondrial Quality Control: Role in Cardiac Models of Lethal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010214. [PMID: 31952189 PMCID: PMC7016592 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current standard of care for acute myocardial infarction or 'heart attack' is timely restoration of blood flow to the ischemic region of the heart. While reperfusion is essential for the salvage of ischemic myocardium, re-introduction of blood flow paradoxically kills (rather than rescues) a population of previously ischemic cardiomyocytes-a phenomenon referred to as 'lethal myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury'. There is long-standing and exhaustive evidence that mitochondria are at the nexus of lethal IR injury. However, during the past decade, the paradigm of mitochondria as mediators of IR-induced cardiomyocyte death has been expanded to include the highly orchestrated process of mitochondrial quality control. Our aims in this review are to: (1) briefly summarize the current understanding of the pathogenesis of IR injury, and (2) incorporating landmark data from a broad spectrum of models (including immortalized cells, primary cardiomyocytes and intact hearts), provide a critical discussion of the emerging concept that mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy (the components of mitochondrial quality control) may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiomyocyte death in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Kulek
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Anthony Anzell
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Joseph M. Wider
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Thomas H. Sanderson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-313-577-9047
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Coux O, Zieba BA, Meiners S. The Proteasome System in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:55-100. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
31
|
Jia Q, Cao H, Shen D, Yan L, Chen C, Xing S. Fisetin, via CKIP-1/REGγ, limits oxidized LDL-induced lipid accumulation and senescence in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
Proteasome-dependent degradation of Smad7 is critical for lung cancer metastasis. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1795-1806. [PMID: 31767934 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the cancers with highest morbidity and mortality rates and the metastasis of lung cancer is a leading cause of death. Mechanisms of lung cancer metastasis are yet to be fully understood. Herein, we demonstrate that mice deficient for REGγ, a proteasome activator, exhibited a significant reduction in tumor size, numbers, and metastatic rate with prolonged survival in a conditional Kras/p53 mutant lung cancer model. REGγ enhanced the TGFβ-Smad signaling pathway by ubiquitin-ATP-independent degradation of Smad7, an inhibitor of the TGFβ pathway. Activated TGFβ signaling in REGγ-positive lung cancer cells led to diminished expression of E-cadherin, a biomarker of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT), and elevated mesenchymal markers compared with REGγ-deficient lung cancer cells. REGγ overexpression was found in lung cancer patients with metastasis, correlating with the reduction of E-Cadherin/Smad7 and a poor prognosis. Overall, our study indicates that REGγ promotes lung cancer metastasis by activating TGF-β signaling via degradation of Smad7. Thus, REGγ may serve as a novel therapeutic target for lung cancers with poor prognosis.
Collapse
|
33
|
Tao XR, Rong JB, Lu HS, Daugherty A, Shi P, Ke CL, Zhang ZC, Xu YC, Wang JA. Angiotensinogen in hepatocytes contributes to Western diet-induced liver steatosis. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1983-1995. [PMID: 31604805 PMCID: PMC6889717 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m093252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as a liver manifestation of metabolic disorders. Previous studies indicate that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a complex role in NAFLD. As the only precursor of the RAS, decreased angiotensinogen (AGT) profoundly impacts RAS bioactivity. Here, we investigated the role of hepatocyte-derived AGT in liver steatosis. AGT floxed mice (hepAGT+/+) and hepatocyte-specific AGT-deficient mice (hepAGT−/−) were fed a Western diet and a normal laboratory diet for 12 weeks, respectively. Compared with hepAGT+/+ mice, Western diet-fed hepAGT−/− mice gained less body weight with improved insulin sensitivity. The attenuated severity of liver steatosis in hepAGT−/− mice was evidenced by histologic changes and reduced intrahepatic triglycerides. The abundance of SREBP1 and its downstream molecules, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and FASN, was suppressed in hepAGT−/− mice. Furthermore, serum derived from hepAGT+/+ mice stimulated hepatocyte SREBP1 expression, which could be diminished by protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition in vitro. Administration of losartan did not affect diet-induced body weight gain, liver steatosis severity, and hepatic p-Akt, p-mTOR, and SREBP1 protein abundance in hepAGT+/+ mice. These data suggest that attenuation of Western diet-induced liver steatosis in hepAGT−/− mice is associated with the alternation of the Akt/mTOR/SREBP-1c pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Bing Rong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong S Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Peng Shi
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Le Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Cai Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Chuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-An Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee IH. Mechanisms and disease implications of sirtuin-mediated autophagic regulation. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-11. [PMID: 31492861 PMCID: PMC6802627 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that sirtuins are key components of diverse physiological processes, including metabolism and aging. Sirtuins confer protection from a wide array of metabolic and age-related diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have also suggested that sirtuins regulate autophagy, a protective cellular process for homeostatic maintenance in response to environmental stresses. Here, we describe various biological and pathophysiological processes regulated by sirtuin-mediated autophagy, focusing on cancer, heart, and liver diseases, as well as stem cell biology. This review also emphasizes key molecular mechanisms by which sirtuins regulate autophagy. Finally, we discuss novel insights into how new therapeutics targeting sirtuin and autophagy may potentially lead to effective strategies to combat aging and aging-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Morozov AV, Karpov VL. Proteasomes and Several Aspects of Their Heterogeneity Relevant to Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:761. [PMID: 31456945 PMCID: PMC6700291 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The life of every organism is dependent on the fine-tuned mechanisms of protein synthesis and breakdown. The degradation of most intracellular proteins is performed by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Proteasomes are central elements of the UPS and represent large multisubunit protein complexes directly responsible for the protein degradation. Accumulating data indicate that there is an intriguing diversity of cellular proteasomes. Different proteasome forms, containing different subunits and attached regulators have been described. In addition, proteasomes specific for a particular tissue were identified. Cancer cells are highly dependent on the proper functioning of the UPS in general, and proteasomes in particular. At the same time, the information regarding the role of different proteasome forms in cancer is limited. This review describes the functional and structural heterogeneity of proteasomes, their association with cancer as well as several established and novel proteasome-directed therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Morozov
- Laboratory of Regulation of Intracellular Proteolysis, W.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gao X, Chen H, Liu J, Shen S, Wang Q, Clement TM, Deskin BJ, Chen C, Zhao D, Wang L, Guo L, Ma X, Zhang B, Xu Y, Li X, Li L. The REGγ-Proteasome Regulates Spermatogenesis Partially by P53-PLZF Signaling. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:559-571. [PMID: 31402338 PMCID: PMC6742627 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of spermatogonia and spermatocytes are the critical steps of spermatogenesis, impacting on male fertility. Investigation of the related regulators benefits the understanding of male reproduction. The proteasome system has been reported to regulate spermatogenesis, but the mechanisms and key contributing factors in vivo are poorly explored. Here we found that ablation of REGγ, a proteasome activator, resulted in male subfertility. Analysis of the mouse testes after birth showed there was a decreased number of PLZF+ spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Molecular analysis found that REGγ loss significantly increased the abundance of p53 protein in the testis, and directly repressed PLZF transcription in cell lines. Of note, allelic p53 haplodeficiency partially rescued the defects in spermatogenesis observed in REGγ-deficient mice. In summary, our results identify REGγ-p53-PLZF to be a critical pathway that regulates spermatogenesis and establishes a new molecular link between the proteasome system and male reproduction. REGγ loss results in male subfertility REGγ loss results in a decrease of spermatocytes and PLZF+ spermatogonial cells p53 protein, increased in REGγ−/− mouse testes, represses PLZF expression Allelic p53 haplodeficiency partially rescues defects in REGγ−/− mouse spermatogenesis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shihui Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tracy M Clement
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brian J Deskin
- Epigenetic & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dengpan Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Linjie Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xueqing Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xie Y, Li X, Ge J. Expression of REGγ in atherosclerotic plaques and promotes endothelial cells apoptosis via the cyclophilin A pathway indicates functional implications in atherogenesis. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2083-2098. [PMID: 31282281 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1639304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
REGγ is a member of the 11S regulatory particles family of proteasome activators and has been shown to promote the degradation of intact cellular proteins in a ubiquitin- and ATP-independent manner in the progression of various diseases. Our previous studies showed that REGγ-proteasome promotes Protein kinase A catalytic subunit α (PKAcα) turnover to modulate Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) cellular activity in vascular endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. We, therefore, studied the expression and novel functional implications and pathways involving REGγ in atherogenesis. We studied the expression of REGγ in atherosclerotic plaques in the ApoE-/- mouse model. Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that REGγ was highly expressed in these plaques, and the result of RNA-seq in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), led us to explore and indentify that REGγ significantly promoted cyclophilin A (CyPA) expression, which is a proinflammatory and proapoptotic molecule in atherosclerosis progression. Next, we studied the regulation of REGγ in CyPA expression, and the proapoptotic effect on Endothelial cells (ECs). REGγ promoted CyPA expression via the REGγ-PKA-FoxO1-CyPA axis, and stimulated CyPA-dependent ECs apoptosis in vitro. Our data indicated that REGγ had proapoptotic effects on ECs depends on CyPA pathway in vitro and functional implications in atherogenesis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xie
- a Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,c Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaotao Li
- d Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University , Shanghai , China.,e Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Junbo Ge
- a Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,c Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases , Shanghai , China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
REGγ ablation impedes dedifferentiation of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and accentuates radio-therapeutic response by regulating the Smad7-TGF-β pathway. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:497-508. [PMID: 31243343 PMCID: PMC7205985 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive human thyroid malignancy, characterized by dedifferentiation and resistance to radioiodine therapy. The underlying mechanisms regulating ATC dedifferentiation are largely unknown. Here, we show that REGγ, a noncanonical proteasome activator highly expressed in ATC, is an important regulator of differentiation in ATC cells. Ablation of REGγ significantly restored expression of thyroid-specific genes, enhanced iodine uptake, and improved the efficacy of 131I therapy in ATC xenograft models. Mechanistically, REGγ directly binds to the TGF-β signaling antagonist Smad7 and promotes its degradation, leading to the activation of the TGF-β signal pathway. With gain- and loss-of-function studies, we demonstrate that Smad7 is an important mediator for the REGγ function in ATC cell dedifferentiation, which is supported by expression profiles in human ATC tissues. It seems that REGγ impinges on repression of thyroid-specific genes and promotion of tumor malignancy in ATC cells by activating the TGF-β signal pathway via degradation of Smad7. Thus, REGγ may serve as a novel therapeutic target for allowing radioiodine therapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer patients with poor prognosis.
Collapse
|
39
|
SIP/CacyBP promotes autophagy by regulating levels of BRUCE/Apollon, which stimulates LC3-I degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13404-13413. [PMID: 31213539 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901039116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BRUCE/Apollon is a membrane-associated inhibitor of apoptosis protein that is essential for viability and has ubiquitin-conjugating activity. On initiation of apoptosis, the ubiquitin ligase Nrdp1/RNF41 promotes proteasomal degradation of BRUCE. Here we demonstrate that BRUCE together with the proteasome activator PA28γ causes proteasomal degradation of LC3-I and thus inhibits autophagy. LC3-I on the phagophore membrane is conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine to form LC3-II, which is required for the formation of autophagosomes and selective recruitment of substrates. SIP/CacyBP is a ubiquitination-related protein that is highly expressed in neurons and various tumors. Under normal conditions, SIP inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of BRUCE, probably by blocking the binding of Nrdp1 to BRUCE. On DNA damage by topoisomerase inhibitors, Nrdp1 causes monoubiquitination of SIP and thus promotes apoptosis. However, on starvation, SIP together with Rab8 enhances the translocation of BRUCE into the recycling endosome, formation of autophagosomes, and degradation of BRUCE by optineurin-mediated autophagy. Accordingly, deletion of SIP in cultured cells reduces the autophagic degradation of damaged mitochondria and cytosolic protein aggregates. Thus, by stimulating proteasomal degradation of LC3-I, BRUCE also inhibits autophagy. Conversely, SIP promotes autophagy by blocking BRUCE-dependent degradation of LC3-I and by enhancing autophagosome formation and autophagic destruction of BRUCE. These actions of BRUCE and SIP represent mechanisms that link the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis under different conditions.
Collapse
|
40
|
Xie T, Chen H, Shen S, Huang T, Huang B, Hu G, Li L, Xu Y. Proteasome activator REGγ promotes inflammation in Leydig cells via IkBε signaling. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1961-1968. [PMID: 30816488 PMCID: PMC6443337 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of testicular inflammation affects the normal male reproductive function. The proteasome activator complex subunit 3 (REGγ) has been suggested to regulate experimental colitis. However, to the best of our knowledge, a potential association between REGγ and testicular inflammation has not been demonstrated. The present study successfully established inflammatory models in C57 mice, primary Leydig cells and the TM3 cell line. It was observed that the absence of REGγ conveyed a significantly protective effect toward testosterone secretion in Leydig cells. REGγ deficiency significantly decreased the expression levels of phosphorylated transcription factor p65 and inflammatory factors in testis tissues, primary Leydig cells and the TM3 cell line. Inflammation also upregulated the expression levels of REGγ. Furthermore, the degradation of the nuclear factor light‑chain‑enhancer of activated B cells (NF‑κB) inhibitor ε (IkBε) signaling pathway regulated REGγ and NF‑κB expression. Double knockdown of REGγ and IkBε restored the response in wild‑type cells to LPS‑induced inflammation. In summary, these results demonstrated that REGγ regulates NF‑κB activity by specifically degrading IkBε to regulate inflammation in testicular Leydig cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Xie
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- hanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Shihui Shen
- hanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Tingmei Huang
- hanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Bisheng Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Hu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- hanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jiang Y, Han Z, Wang Y, Hao W. Depletion of SIRT7 sensitizes human non-small cell lung cancer cells to gemcitabine therapy by inhibiting autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:266-271. [PMID: 30348528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Anti-metabolic therapy, as a major chemotherapy, is an important option in the treatment of lung cancer. However, tumor resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy has become more common. It has been reported that autophagy is one of the processes contributing to such resistance. In our study, we find that SIRT7 protein level elevated dramatically in response to an anti-metabolic drug-gemcitabine treatment. Moreover, autophagy induced by gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer cells is SIRT7-dependent. Furthermore, depletion of SIRT7 promoted Gemcitabine-induced cell death. Our report also shows that SIRT7 knockdown markedly improves the anti-tumor activity of gemcitabine treatment in mice. These results suggest that SIRT7-elicits an autophagic response that plays a protective role against cell death and the SIRT7-inhibition has a potential to improve the efficacy of anti-metabolic therapy in non-small cell lung cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Jiang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, 161000, China
| | - Zhendong Han
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, 161000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, 161000, China
| | - Wenbo Hao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, 161000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
The Role of SIRT1 in Autophagy in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2018; 41:2222-2235. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
43
|
Jiang TX, Zhao M, Qiu XB. Substrate receptors of proteasomes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1765-1777. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation & Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences; Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Avenue; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Mei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation & Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences; Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Avenue; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xiao-Bo Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation & Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences; Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Avenue; Beijing 100875 China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yong LK, Lai S, Liang Z, Poteet E, Chen F, van Buren G, Fisher W, Mo Q, Chen C, Yao Q. Overexpression of Semaphorin-3E enhances pancreatic cancer cell growth and associates with poor patient survival. Oncotarget 2018; 7:87431-87448. [PMID: 27911862 PMCID: PMC5349999 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin-3E (Sema3E) is a member of an axon guidance gene family, and has recently been reported to contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. However, its role in pancreatic cancer is yet unknown and uncharacterized. In this study, we showed that Sema3E is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer, and that high Sema3E levels are associated with tumor progression and poor survival. Interestingly, we also observed Sema3E expression in the nucleus, even though Sema3E is reported to be a secreted protein. Overexpression of Sema3E in pancreatic cancer cells promoted cell proliferation and migration in vitro, and increased tumor incidence and growth in vivo. Conversely, knockout of Sema3E suppressed cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro, and reduced tumor incidence and size in vivo. Moreover, Sema3E induced cell proliferation via acting through the MAPK/ERK pathway. Collectively, these results reveal an undiscovered role of Sema3E in promoting pancreatic cancer pathogenesis, suggesting that Sema3E may be a suitable prognostic marker and therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Kin Yong
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Syeling Lai
- Department of Pathology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhengdong Liang
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ethan Poteet
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George van Buren
- Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Fisher
- Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Changyi Chen
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang Q, Gao X, Yu T, Yuan L, Dai J, Wang W, Chen G, Jiao C, Zhou W, Huang Q, Cui L, Zhang P, Moses RE, Yang J, Chen F, Fu J, Xiao J, Li L, Dang Y, Li X. REGγ Controls Hippo Signaling and Reciprocal NF-κB-YAP Regulation to Promote Colon Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2015-2025. [PMID: 29437787 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers closely associated with inflammation and hyperactive growth. We previously demonstrated a regulatory circuit between the proteasome activator REGγ and NF-kappaB (NF-κB) during colon inflammation, known to be important in the development of colitis-associated cancer as well as sporadic colorectal cancer. How the inflammatory microenvironment affects the Hippo pathway during colorectal cancer development is largely unknown.Experimental Design: Here, we used REGγ-deficient colon cancer cell lines, REGγ knockout mice, and human colorectal cancer samples to identify the novel molecular mechanism by which REGγ functions as an oncoprotein in the development of colorectal cancer.Results: REGγ can directly interact with Lats1 and promote its degradation, which facilitates Yes-associated protein (YAP) activation in colon cancer cells. REGγ deficiency significantly attenuated colon cancer growth, associated with decreased YAP activity. Suppression of tumor growth due to REGγ depletion was overcome by constitutively active YAP. Surprisingly, reciprocal activation of the YAP and NF-κB pathways was observed in human colon cancer cells. REGγ overexpression was found in over 60% of 172 colorectal cancer specimens, highly correlating with the elevation of YAP and p65. Postoperative follow-up revealed a significantly lower survival rate in patients with concomitantly high expression of REGγ, YAP, and p-p65.Conclusions: REGγ could be a master regulator during colorectal cancer development to promote YAP signaling and reinforce cross-talks between inflammation and growth pathways, and REGγ might be a new marker for prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 2015-25. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Jiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Cui
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Chengdu Municipal Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Robb E Moses
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- The Fifth Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyan Dang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shi X, Sun R, Zhao Y, Fu R, Wang R, Zhao H, Wang Z, Tang F, Zhang N, Tian X, Yao J. Promotion of autophagosome–lysosome fusion via salvianolic acid A-mediated SIRT1 up-regulation ameliorates alcoholic liver disease. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20411-20422. [PMID: 35541657 PMCID: PMC9080827 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00798e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagosome and lysosome fusion was restored by salvianolic acid A-mediated SIRT1 up-regulation and protected against chronic ethanol-induced liver injury.
Collapse
|
47
|
Sun Y, Xia M, Yan H, Han Y, Zhang F, Hu Z, Cui A, Ma F, Liu Z, Gong Q, Chen X, Gao J, Bian H, Tan Y, Li Y, Gao X. Berberine attenuates hepatic steatosis and enhances energy expenditure in mice by inducing autophagy and fibroblast growth factor 21. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:374-387. [PMID: 29065221 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Berberine, a compound from rhizome coptidis, is traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal infections, such as bacterial diarrhoea. Recently, berberine was shown to have hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects. We investigated the mechanisms by which berberine regulates hepatic lipid metabolism and energy expenditure in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Liver-specific SIRT1 knockout mice and their wild-type littermates were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet and treated with berberine by i.p. injection for five weeks. Mouse primary hepatocytes and human HepG2 cells were treated with berberine and then subjected to immunoblotting analysis and Oil Red O staining. KEY RESULTS Berberine attenuated hepatic steatosis and controlled energy balance in mice by inducing autophagy and FGF21. These beneficial effects of berberine on autophagy and hepatic steatosis were abolished by a deficiency of the nutrient sensor SIRT1 in the liver of HFHS diet-fed obese mice and in mouse primary hepatocytes. SIRT1 is essential for berberine to potentiate autophagy and inhibit lipid storage in mouse livers in response to fasting. Mechanistically, the berberine stimulates SIRT1 deacetylation activity and induces autophagy in an autophagy protein 5-dependent manner. Moreover, the administration of berberine was shown to promote hepatic gene expression and circulating levels of FGF21 and ketone bodies in mice in a SIRT1-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Berberine acts in the liver to regulate lipid utilization and maintain whole-body energy metabolism by mediating autophagy and FGF21 activation. Hence, it has therapeutic potential for treating metabolic defects under nutritional overload, such as fatty liver diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Aoyuan Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengguang Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengshuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuqing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shan P, Fan G, Sun L, Liu J, Wang W, Hu C, Zhang X, Zhai Q, Song X, Cao L, Cui Y, Zhang S, Wang C. SIRT1 Functions as a Negative Regulator of Eukaryotic Poly(A)RNA Transport. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2271-2284.e5. [PMID: 28756945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Most eukaryotic mRNAs are polyadenylated in the nucleus, and the poly(A)-tail is required for efficient mRNA export and translation. However, mechanisms governing mRNA transport remain unclear. Here, we report that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 acts as an energy sensor and negatively regulates poly(A)RNA transport via deacetylating a poly(A)-binding protein, PABP1. Upon energy starvation, SIRT1 interacts with and deacetylates PABP1 and deactivates its poly(A)RNA binding, leading to nuclear accumulation of PABP1 and poly(A)RNA and thus facilitating eukaryotic cells to attenuate protein synthesis and energy consumption to adapt to energy stress. Moreover, AMPK-directed SIRT1 phosphorylation is required for energy starvation-induced PABP1-SIRT1 association, PABP1 deacetylation, and poly(A)RNA nuclear retention. In addition, the SIRT1-PABP1 association is not specific to energy starvation but represents a common stress response. These observations provide insights into dynamic modulation of eukaryotic mRNA transport and translation, suggesting that the poly(A)-tail also provides a basis for eukaryotes to effectively shut down mature mRNA transport and thereby tailor protein synthesis to maintain energy homeostasis under stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Shan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guangjian Fan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lianhui Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jinqin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weifang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, College of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shengyang 110000, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, College of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shengyang 110000, China
| | - Yongping Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Chuangui Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
REG γ Contributes to Regulation of Hemoglobin and Hemoglobin δ Subunit. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7295319. [PMID: 28798860 PMCID: PMC5534318 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7295319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a family of proteins in red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport and vulnerable for oxidative damage. Hemoglobin δ subunit (HBD), a member of Hb family, is normally expressed by cells of erythroid lineage. Expression of Hb genes has been previously reported in nonerythroid and hematopoietic stem cells. Here, we report that Hb and HBD can be degraded via REGγ proteasome in hemopoietic tissues and nonerythroid cells. For this purpose, bone marrow, liver, and spleen hemopoietic tissues from REGγ+/+ and REGγ−/− mice and stable REGγ knockdown cells were evaluated for the degradation of Hb and HBD via REGγ. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses exhibited downregulation of Hb in REGγ wild-type mouse tissues. This was validated by dynamic analysis following blockade of de novo synthesis of proteins with CHX. Degradation of HBD only occurred in REGγ WT cells but not in REGγN151Y, a dominant-negative REGγ mutant cell. Notably, downregulation of HBD was found in HeLa shN cells with stimulation of phenylhydrazine, an oxidation inducer, suggesting that the REGγ proteasome may target oxidatively damaged Hbs. In conclusion, our findings provide important implications for the degradation of Hb and HBD in hemopoietic tissues and nonerythroid cells via the REGγ proteasome.
Collapse
|
50
|
Yersak JM, Montie HL, Chevalier-Larsen ES, Liu Y, Huang L, Rechsteiner M, Merry DE. The 11S Proteasomal Activator REGγ Impacts Polyglutamine-Expanded Androgen Receptor Aggregation and Motor Neuron Viability through Distinct Mechanisms. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:159. [PMID: 28596723 PMCID: PMC5442185 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is caused by expression of a polyglutamine (polyQ)-expanded androgen receptor (AR). The inefficient nuclear proteasomal degradation of the mutant AR results in the formation of nuclear inclusions containing amino-terminal fragments of the mutant AR. PA28γ (also referred to as REGγ) is a nuclear 11S-proteasomal activator with limited proteasome activation capabilities compared to its cytoplasmic 11S (PA28α, PA28β) counterparts. To clarify the role of REGγ in polyQ-expanded AR metabolism, we carried out genetic and biochemical studies in cell models of SBMA. Overexpression of REGγ in a PC12 cell model of SBMA increased polyQ-expanded AR aggregation and contributed to polyQ-expanded AR toxicity in the presence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). These effects of REGγ were independent of its association with the proteasome and may be due, in part, to the decreased binding of polyQ-expanded AR by the E3 ubiquitin-ligase MDM2. Unlike its effects in PC12 cells, REGγ overexpression rescued transgenic SBMA motor neurons from DHT-induced toxicity in a proteasome binding-dependent manner, suggesting that the degradation of a specific 11S proteasome substrate or substrates promotes motor neuron viability. One potential substrate that we found to play a role in mutant AR toxicity is the splicing factor SC35. These studies reveal that, depending on the cellular context, two biological roles for REGγ impact cell viability in the face of polyQ-expanded AR; a proteasome binding-independent mechanism directly promotes mutant AR aggregation while a proteasome binding-dependent mechanism promotes cell viability. The balance between these functions likely determines REGγ effects on polyQ-expanded AR-expressing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill M. Yersak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| | - Heather L. Montie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| | - Erica S. Chevalier-Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| | - Martin Rechsteiner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Diane E. Merry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|