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Bai AD, Daneman N, Brown KA, Boyd JG, Gill SS. Long-term morbidity and mortality of patients who survived past 30 days from bloodstream infection: A population-based retrospective cohort study. J Infect 2024; 89:106283. [PMID: 39332643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For bloodstream infections (BSI), treatment and research have focused on short term mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the 1-year mortality and morbidity in survivors of bloodstream infection when compared to patients with negative blood cultures. METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using Ontario administrative databases. Patients were included if they had a blood culture taken from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2021, and survived past 30 days from blood culture collection. They were followed for the subsequent year. Outcomes were compared among patients with BSI and those without BSI, including all-cause mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure (CHF) exacerbation, new start dialysis and admission to a long-term care (LTC) facility. Prognostic factors were balanced using overlap weighting of propensity scores, and a survival or competing risk model was used to describe time-to-event. RESULTS Of 981,341 patients undergoing blood culture testing, 99,080 (10.1%) patients had a BSI and 882,261 (89.9%) patients did not. Outcomes were all more common among those with BSI as compared to those without BSI, including all-cause mortality (16,764 [16.9%] vs. 84,480 [9.6%]), stroke (1016 [1.0%] vs. 4680 [0.5%]), MI (1043 [1.1%] vs. 4547 [0.5%]), CHF exacerbation (2643 [2.7%] vs. 13,200 [1.5%]), new start dialysis (1703 [1.7%] vs. 2749 [0.3%]), and LTC admission (4231 [4.3%] vs. 13,016 [1.5%]). BSI had an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.10 (95% CI 1.08-1.12, P < 0.0001) for mortality, subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) of 1.27 (95% CI 1.19-1.37, P < 0.0001) for stroke, sHR of 1.18 (95% CI 1.10-1.26, P < 0.0001) for MI, sHR of 1.05 (95% CI 1.01-1.10, P = 0.0176) for CHF exacerbation, sHR of 3.42 (95% CI 3.21-3.64, P < 0.0001) for new start dialysis and sHR of 1.87 (95% CI 1.80-1.94, P < 0.0001) for LTC admission. CONCLUSION BSI survivors have substantial long-term mortality and morbidity including stroke, MI, new start dialysis and functional decline leading to LTC admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Bai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Nick Daneman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES (formerly Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, ON, Canada; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin A Brown
- ICES (formerly Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, ON, Canada; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Gordon Boyd
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sudeep S Gill
- ICES (formerly Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Escrihuela-Vidal F, Chico C, Borjabad González B, Vázquez Sánchez D, Lérida A, De Blas Escudero E, Sanmartí M, Linares González L, Simonetti AF, Conde AC, Muelas-Fernandez M, Diaz-Brito V, Quintana SGH, Oriol I, Berbel D, Càmara J, Grillo S, Pujol M, Cuervo G, Carratalà J. Effect of a bundle intervention on adherence to quality-of-care indicators and on clinical outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia hospitalized in non-referral community hospitals. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024:dkae298. [PMID: 39212166 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a significant number of cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) are managed at non-referral community hospitals, the impact of a bundle-of-care intervention in this setting has not yet been explored. METHODS We performed a quasi-experimental before-after study with the implementation of a bundle of care for the management of SAB at five non-referral community hospitals and a tertiary care university hospital. Structured recommendations for the five indicators selected to assess quality of care were provided to investigators before the implementation of the bundle and monthly thereafter. Primary endpoints were adherence to the bundle intervention and treatment failure, defined as death or relapse at 90 days of follow-up. RESULTS One hundred and seventy patients were included in the pre-intervention period and 103 in the intervention period. Patient characteristics were similar in both periods. Multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounders showed that performance of echocardiography was the only factor associated with improved adherence to the bundle in the intervention period (adjusted OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.13-4.02). Adherence to the bundle, performance of follow-up blood cultures, and adequate duration of antibiotic therapy for complicated SAB presented non-significant improvements. The intervention was not associated with a lower rate of 90 day treatment failure (OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.70-1.77). CONCLUSIONS A bundle-of-care intervention for the management of SAB at non-referral community hospitals increased adherence to quality indicators, but did not significantly reduce rates of 90 day mortality or relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Chico
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Residència Sant Camil, Sant Pere de Ribes, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Borjabad González
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complex Hospitalari Universitari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Vázquez Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Lérida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Viladecans-Institut Català de la Salut (Àrea Metropolitana Sud), Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa De Blas Escudero
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Sanmartí
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Linares González
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Comarcal de l'Alt Penedès, Vilafranca del Penedès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Coloma Conde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complex Hospitalari Universitari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Muelas-Fernandez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Viladecans-Institut Català de la Salut (Àrea Metropolitana Sud), Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicens Diaz-Brito
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Gertrudis Horna Quintana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Oriol
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damaris Berbel
- Department of Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Càmara
- Department of Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Grillo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Pujol
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cuervo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Carratalà
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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De la Rosa-Riestra S, López-Hernández I, Pérez-Rodríguez MT, Sousa A, Goikoetxea Agirre J, Reguera Iglesias JM, León E, Armiñanzas Castillo C, Sánchez Gómez L, Fernández-Natal I, Fernández-Suárez J, Boix-Palop L, Cuquet Pedragosa J, Jover-Sáenz A, Sánchez Calvo JM, Martín-Aspas A, Natera-Kindelán C, Del Arco Jiménez A, Bahamonde Carrasco A, Amat AS, Vinuesa García D, Martínez Pérez-Crespo PM, López-Cortés LE, Rodríguez-Baño J. A comprehensive, predictive mortality score for patients with bloodstream infections (PROBAC): a prospective, multicentre cohort study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:1794-1800. [PMID: 38863341 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bloodstream infections (BSI) are an important cause of mortality, although they show heterogeneity depending on patients and aetiological factors. Comprehensive and specific mortality scores for BSI are scarce. The objective of this study was to develop a mortality predictive score in BSI based on a multicentre prospective cohort. METHODS A prospective cohort including consecutive adults with bacteraemia recruited between October 2016 and March 2017 in 26 Spanish hospitals was randomly divided into a derivation cohort (DC) and a validation cohort (VC). The outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality. Predictors were assessed the day of blood culture growth. A logistic regression model and score were developed in the DC for mortality predictors; the model was applied to the VC. RESULTS Overall, 4102 patients formed the DC and 2009 the VC. Mortality was 11.8% in the DC and 12.34% in the CV; the patients and aetiological features were similar for both cohorts. The mortality predictors selected in the final multivariate model in the DC were age, cancer, liver cirrhosis, fatal McCabe underlying condition, polymicrobial bacteraemia, high-risk aetiologies, high-risk source of infection, recent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, stupor or coma, mean blood pressure <70 mmHg and PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 or equivalent. Mortality in the DC was <2% for ≤2 points, 6%-14% for 3-7 points, 26%-45% for 8-12 points and ≥60% for ≥13 points. The predictive score had areas under the receiving operating curves of 0.81 (95% CI 0.79-0.83) in the DC and 0.80 (0.78-0.83) in the VC. CONCLUSIONS A 30 day mortality predictive score in BSI with good discrimination ability was developed and internally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra De la Rosa-Riestra
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC, Seville, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada López-Hernández
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC, Seville, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Adrián Sousa
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | - Eva León
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Armiñanzas Castillo
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Leticia Sánchez Gómez
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Isabel Fernández-Natal
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Lucía Boix-Palop
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | | | - Alfredo Jover-Sáenz
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Sánchez Calvo
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Andrés Martín-Aspas
- Servicio de Enfemedades Infecciosas, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Clara Natera-Kindelán
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | - David Vinuesa García
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Luis Eduardo López-Cortés
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC, Seville, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC, Seville, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Recht J, Evans TJ, Chansamouth V, Phommasone K, Mayxay M, Ashley EA. Which trial do we need? A pragmatic randomized trial of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs. vancomycin for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in low-resource settings. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024:S1198-743X(24)00350-1. [PMID: 39067512 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Recht
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Terry John Evans
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vilada Chansamouth
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Koukeo Phommasone
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Mayfong Mayxay
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Institute of Research and Education Development (IRED), University of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Elizabeth A Ashley
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Liu JD, Van Treeck KE, Marston WA, Papadopoulou V, Rowe SE. Ultrasound-Mediated Antibiotic Delivery to In Vivo Biofilm Infections: A Review. Chembiochem 2024:e202400181. [PMID: 38924307 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a significant concern in various medical contexts due to their resilience to our immune system as well as antibiotic therapy. Biofilms often require surgical removal and frequently lead to recurrent or chronic infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improved strategies to treat biofilm infections. Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery is a technique that combines ultrasound application, often with the administration of acoustically-active agents, to enhance drug delivery to specific target tissues or cells within the body. This method involves using ultrasound waves to assist in the transportation or activation of medications, improving their penetration, distribution, and efficacy at the desired site. The advantages of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery include targeted and localized delivery, reduced systemic side effects, and improved efficacy of the drug at lower doses. This review scrutinizes recent advances in the application of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery for treating biofilm infections, focusing on in vivo studies. We examine the strengths and limitations of this technology in the context of wound infections, device-associated infections, lung infections and abscesses, and discuss current gaps in knowledge and clinical translation considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie D Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kelly E Van Treeck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - William A Marston
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Virginie Papadopoulou
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah E Rowe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
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Hardy M, Harris PNA, Paterson DL, Chatfield MD, Mo Y. Win Ratio Analyses of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Versus Meropenem for Ceftriaxone-Nonsusceptible Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infections: Post Hoc Insights From the MERINO Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:1482-1489. [PMID: 38306577 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials of treatments for serious infections commonly use the primary endpoint of all-cause mortality. However, many trial participants survive their infection and this endpoint may not truly reflect important benefits and risks of therapy. The win ratio uses a hierarchical composite endpoint that can incorporate and prioritize outcome measures by relative clinical importance. METHODS The win ratio methodology was applied post hoc to outcomes observed in the MERINO trial, which compared piperacillin-tazobactam with meropenem. We quantified the win ratio with a primary hierarchical composite endpoint, including all-cause mortality, microbiological relapse, and secondary infection. A win ratio of 1 would correspond to no difference between the 2 antibiotics, while a ratio <1 favors meropenem. Further analyses were performed to calculate the win odds and to introduce a continuous outcome variable in order to reduce ties. RESULTS With the hierarchy of all-cause mortality, microbiological relapse, and secondary infection, the win ratio estimate was 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], .22-.71]; P = .002), favoring meropenem over piperacillin-tazobactam. However, 73.4% of the pairs were tied due to the small proportion of events. The win odds, a modification of the win ratio accounting for ties, was 0.79 (95% CI, .68-.92). The addition of length of stay to the primary composite greatly minimized the number of ties (4.6%) with a win ratio estimate of 0.77 (95% CI, .60-.99; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS The application of the win ratio methodology to the MERINO trial data illustrates its utility and feasibility for use in antimicrobial trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hardy
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick N A Harris
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Central Microbiology Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ADVANCE-ID, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark D Chatfield
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yin Mo
- ADVANCE-ID, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Guedes M, Gathara D, López-Hernández I, Pérez-Crespo PMM, Pérez-Rodríguez MT, Sousa A, Plata A, Reguera-Iglesias JM, Boix-Palop L, Dietl B, Blanco JS, Castillo CA, Galán-Sánchez F, Kindelán CN, Jover-Saenz A, Aguirre JG, Alemán AA, Ciordia TM, Del Arco Jiménez A, Fernandez-Suarez J, Lopez-Cortes LE, Rodríguez-Baño J. Differences in clinical outcomes of bloodstream infections caused by Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae: a multicentre cohort study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:42. [PMID: 38711045 PMCID: PMC11071190 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella aerogenes has been reclassified from Enterobacter to Klebsiella genus due to its phenotypic and genotypic similarities with Klebsiella pneumoniae. It is unclear if clinical outcomes are also more similar. This study aims to assess clinical outcomes of bloodstreams infections (BSI) caused by K. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae, through secondary data analysis, nested in PRO-BAC cohort study. METHODS Hospitalized patients between October 2016 and March 2017 with monomicrobial BSI due to K. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae or E. cloacae were included. Primary outcome was a composite clinical outcome including all-cause mortality or recurrence until 30 days follow-up. Secondary outcomes were fever ≥ 72 h, persistent bacteraemia, and secondary device infection. Multilevel mixed-effect Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between microorganisms and outcome. RESULTS Overall, 29 K. aerogenes, 77 E. cloacae and 337 K. pneumoniae BSI episodes were included. Mortality or recurrence was less frequent in K. aerogenes (6.9%) than in E. cloacae (20.8%) or K. pneumoniae (19.0%), but statistical difference was not observed (rate ratio (RR) 0.35, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.55; RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.10 to 1.71, respectively). Fever ≥ 72 h and device infection were more common in K. aerogenes group. In the multivariate analysis, adjusted for confounders (age, sex, BSI source, hospital ward, Charlson score and active antibiotic therapy), the estimates and direction of effect were similar to crude results. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that BSI caused by K. aerogenes may have a better prognosis than E. cloacae or K. pneumoniae BSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Guedes
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Departamento de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
- Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Control and Prevention Unit, Hospital Epidemiology Centre, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.
| | - David Gathara
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, MARCH Centre, London, UK
| | - Inmaculada López-Hernández
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Departamento de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Teresa Pérez-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo/Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Adrian Sousa
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo/Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Antonio Plata
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, IBIMA Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose María Reguera-Iglesias
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, IBIMA Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lucía Boix-Palop
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Dietl
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Sevilla Blanco
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica, Hospital Universitario Jerez De La Frontera, Jerez De La Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carlos Armiñanzas Castillo
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Fátima Galán-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Clara Natera Kindelán
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alfredo Jover-Saenz
- Unidad de Infección Nosocomial, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Ana Alemán Alemán
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Teresa Marrodán Ciordia
- Departamento de Microbiología Clínica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), León, Spain
| | - Alfonso Del Arco Jiménez
- Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Spain
| | - Jonathan Fernandez-Suarez
- Unidad de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Eduardo Lopez-Cortes
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Departamento de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Departamento de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Omrani AS, Abujarir SH, Ben Abid F, Shaar SH, Yilmaz M, Shaukat A, Alsamawi MS, Elgara MS, Alghazzawi MI, Shunnar KM, Zaqout A, Aldeeb YM, Alfouzan W, Almaslamani MA. Switch to oral antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteraemia: a randomized, open-label, clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:492-498. [PMID: 37858867 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and efficacy of switching from intravenous (IV) to oral antimicrobial therapy in patients with Enterobacterales bacteraemia, after completion of 3-5 days of microbiologically active IV therapy. METHODS A multicentre, open-label, randomized trial of adults with monomicrobial Enterobacterales bacteraemia caused by a strain susceptible to ≥1 oral beta-lactam, quinolone, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Inclusion criteria included completion of 3-5 days of microbiologically active IV therapy, being afebrile and haemodynamically stable for ≥48 hours, and absence of an uncontrolled source of infection. Pregnancy, endocarditis, and neurological infections were exclusion criteria. Randomization, stratified by urinary source of bacteraemia, was to continue IV (IV Group) or to switch to oral therapy (Oral Group). Agents and duration of therapy were determined by the treating physicians. The primary endpoint was treatment failure, defined as death, need for additional antimicrobial therapy, microbiological relapse, or infection-related re-admission within 90 days. Non-inferiority threshold was set at 10% in the 95% CI for the difference in the proportion with treatment failure between the Oral and IV Groups in the modified intention-to-treat population. The protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04146922). RESULTS In the modified intention-to-treat population, treatment failure occurred in 21 of 82 (25.6%) in the IV Group, and 18 of 83 (21.7%) in the Oral Group (risk difference -3.7%, 95% CI -16.6% to 9.2%). The proportions of subjects with any adverse events (AE), serious AE, or AE leading to treatment discontinuation were comparable. DISCUSSION In patients with Enterobacterales bacteraemia, oral switch, after initial IV antimicrobial therapy, clinical stability, and source control, is non-inferior to continuing IV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Omrani
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Qatar University College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sulieman H Abujarir
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatma Ben Abid
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahd H Shaar
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mesut Yilmaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Adila Shaukat
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Al Wakra Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Wakra, Qatar
| | - Mussad S Alsamawi
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, Qatar
| | - Mohamed S Elgara
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Islam Alghazzawi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled M Shunnar
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Zaqout
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasser M Aldeeb
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, Qatar
| | - Wadha Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Farwania Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait; Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Muna A Almaslamani
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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9
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Adamu Y, Puig-Asensio M, Dabo B, Schweizer ML. Comparative effectiveness of daptomycin versus vancomycin among patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293423. [PMID: 38381737 PMCID: PMC10881006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections (BSIs), vancomycin stands as the prevalent therapeutic agent. Daptomycin remains an alternative antibiotic to treat MRSA BSIs in cases where vancomycin proves ineffective. However, studies have conflicted on whether daptomycin is more effective than vancomycin among patients with MRSA BSI. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of daptomycin and vancomycin for the prevention of mortality among adult patients with MRSA BSI. METHODS Systematic searches of databases were performed, including Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) were used to assess the quality of individual observational and randomized control studies, respectively. Pooled odd ratios were calculated using random effects models. RESULTS Twenty studies were included based on a priori set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Daptomycin treatment was associated with non-significant lower mortality odds, compared to vancomycin treatment (OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.62, 1.06). Sub-analyses based on the time patients were switched from another anti-MRSA treatment to daptomycin demonstrated that switching to daptomycin within 3 or 5 days was significantly associated with 55% and 45% decreased odds of all-cause mortality, respectively. However, switching to daptomycin any time after five days of treatment was not significantly associated with lower odds of mortality. Stratified analysis based on vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) revealed that daptomycin treatment among patients infected with MRSA strains with MIC≥1 mg/L was significantly associated with 40% lower odds of mortality compared to vancomycin treatment. CONCLUSION Compared with vancomycin, an early switch from vancomycin to daptomycin was significantly associated with lower odds of mortality. In contrast, switching to daptomycin at any time only showed a trend towards reduced mortality, with a non-significant association. Therefore, the efficacy of early daptomycin use over vancomycin against mortality among MRSA BSIs patients may add evidence to the existing literature in support of switching to daptomycin early over remaining on vancomycin. More randomized and prospective studies are needed to assess this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau Adamu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mireia Puig-Asensio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Bashir Dabo
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Marin L. Schweizer
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
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10
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Grillo S, Pujol M, Miró JM, López-Contreras J, Euba G, Gasch O, Boix-Palop L, Garcia-País MJ, Pérez-Rodríguez MT, Gomez-Zorrilla S, Oriol I, López-Cortés LE, Pedro-Botet ML, San-Juan R, Aguado JM, Gioia F, Iftimie S, Morata L, Jover-Sáenz A, García-Pardo G, Loeches B, Izquierdo-Cárdenas Á, Goikoetxea AJ, Gomila-Grange A, Dietl B, Berbel D, Videla S, Hereu P, Padullés A, Pallarès N, Tebé C, Cuervo G, Carratalà J. Cloxacillin plus fosfomycin versus cloxacillin alone for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a randomized trial. Nat Med 2023; 29:2518-2525. [PMID: 37783969 PMCID: PMC10579052 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatment failure occurs in about 25% of patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia. We assessed whether cloxacillin plus fosfomycin achieves better treatment success than cloxacillin alone in hospitalized adults with MSSA bacteremia. We conducted a multicenter, open-label, phase III-IV superiority randomized clinical trial. We randomly assigned patients (1:1) to receive 2 g of intravenous cloxacillin alone every 4 h or with 3 g of intravenous fosfomycin every 6 h for the initial 7 days. The primary endpoint was treatment success at day 7, a composite endpoint with the following criteria: patient alive, stable or with improved quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, afebrile and with negative blood cultures for MSSA, adjudicated by an independent committee blinded to treatment allocation. We randomized 215 patients, of whom 105 received cloxacillin plus fosfomycin and 110 received cloxacillin alone. We analyzed the primary endpoint with the intention-to-treat approach in 214 patients who received at least 1 day of treatment. Treatment success at day 7 after randomization was achieved in 83 (79.8%) of 104 patients receiving combination treatment versus 82 (74.5%) of 110 patients receiving monotherapy (risk difference 5.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI), -5.95-16.48). Secondary endpoints, including mortality and adverse events, were similar in the two groups except for persistent bacteremia at day 3, which was less common in the combination arm. In a prespecified interim analysis, the independent committee recommended stopping recruitment for futility prior to meeting the planned randomization of 366 patients. Cloxacillin plus fosfomycin did not achieve better treatment success at day 7 of therapy than cloxacillin alone in MSSA bacteremia. Further trials should consider the intrinsic heterogeneity of the infection by using a more personalized approach. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03959345 .
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Grants
- Funding by Spanish Ministry of Health (grant PI17/01116), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, and Laboratorios ERN, Barcelona, Spain (grant 19PNJ145). Spanish Clinical Research Network (SCReN), Instituto de Salud Carlos II, for its support through the projects PT17/0017/0010 and PT20/000008, integrated into the “Plan Estatal de I+D+I” 2013-2016 and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER).
- José María Miró received a personal 80:20 research grant from Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, during 2017–24. Oriol Gasch received a research grant from the “Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS) 2019-2021” (Departament de Salut. Generalitat de Catalunya).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grillo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Pujol
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep M Miró
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Contreras
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gorane Euba
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Oriol Gasch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Lucia Boix-Palop
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Maria José Garcia-País
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Pérez-Rodríguez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Silvia Gomez-Zorrilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobial Research Group (IPAR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Oriol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Sant Joan Despi Moises Broggi, Sant Joan Despi, Spain
| | - Luis Eduardo López-Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Clinical Unit, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS)/CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Pedro-Botet
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Rafael San-Juan
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Aguado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Gioia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simona Iftimie
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Morata
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Jover-Sáenz
- Unidad Territorial Infección Nosocomial y Política Antibiòtica (UTIN), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Graciano García-Pardo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Grup de control de la Infecció, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Belén Loeches
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Izquierdo-Cárdenas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ane Josune Goikoetxea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Aina Gomila-Grange
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Beatriz Dietl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Damaris Berbel
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Videla
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Clinical Research Network (SCReN), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research and Clinical Trials Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Hereu
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Clinical Research Network (SCReN), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research and Clinical Trials Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Padullés
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Guillermo Cuervo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Carratalà
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Broermann LE, Al-Hasan MN, Withers S, Benbow KL, Ramsey T, McTavish M, Winders HR. Intravenous versus Partial Oral Antibiotic Therapy in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Bloodstream Infection Due to Streptococcus Species. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2313. [PMID: 37764157 PMCID: PMC10536542 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study examines effectiveness of partial oral antibiotic regimens in uncomplicated bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to Streptococcus species compared to standard intravenous therapy. Adult patients with uncomplicated streptococcal BSIs from April 2016 to June 2020 in seven hospitals in South Carolina, USA, were evaluated. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the time to treatment failure within 90 days of a BSI after adjustment for the propensity to receive partial oral therapy. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the hospital length of stay (HLOS). Among the 222 patients included, 99 received standard intravenous antibiotics and 123 received partial oral therapy. Of the standard intravenous therapy group, 46/99 (46.5%) required outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT). There was no difference in the risk of treatment failure between partial oral and standard intravenous therapy (hazards ratio 0.53, 95% CI 0.18, 1.60; p = 0.25). Partial oral therapy was independently associated with a shorter HLOS after adjustments for the propensity to receive partial oral therapy and other potential confounders (-2.23 days, 95% CI -3.53, -0.94; p < 0.001). Transitioning patients to oral antibiotics may be a reasonable strategy in the management of uncomplicated streptococcal BSIs. Partial oral therapy does not seem to have a higher risk of treatment failure and may spare patients from prolonged hospitalizations and OPAT complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn E. Broermann
- University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (L.E.B.); (K.L.B.); (T.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Majdi N. Al-Hasan
- Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Prisma Health Midlands, Columbia, SC 29203, USA
| | | | - Kristina L. Benbow
- University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (L.E.B.); (K.L.B.); (T.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Taylor Ramsey
- University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (L.E.B.); (K.L.B.); (T.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Meghan McTavish
- University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (L.E.B.); (K.L.B.); (T.R.); (M.M.)
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12
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Maldonado N, Rosso-Fernández CM, Portillo-Calderón I, Borreguero Borreguero I, Tristán-Clavijo E, Palacios-Baena ZR, Salamanca E, Fernández-Cuenca F, De-Cueto M, Stolz-Larrieu E, Rodriguez-Baño J, López-Cortés LE. Randomised, open-label, non-inferiority clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of a 7-day vs 14-day course of antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated enterococcal bacteraemia: the INTENSE trial protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075699. [PMID: 37673453 PMCID: PMC10496718 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enterococcus spp is responsible for 8%-15% of total bacteraemias with an associated global mortality around 23%-30%. Regarding the clinical management of enterococcal bacteraemia, the evidence on the duration of antibiotic treatment is scarce and the studies do not discriminate between complicated and uncomplicated bacteraemia. METHODS The INTENSE study is a multicentre, open-label, randomised, pragmatic, phase-IV clinical trial to demonstrate the non-inferiority of a 7-day vs 14-day course for the treatment of uncomplicated enterococcal bacteraemia and incorporating the early switching to oral antibiotics when feasible. The primary efficacy endpoint is the clinical cure at day 30±2 after the end of the treatment. Secondary endpoints will include the rate of relapse or infective endocarditis, length of stay, duration of intravenous therapy, Clostridioides difficile infection and the evaluation of the safety of both treatment arms through the recording and analysis of adverse events. For a 6% non-inferiority margin and considering a 5% withdrawal rate, 284 patients will be included. ANALYSIS The difference in proportions with one-sided 95% CIs will be calculated for the clinical cure rate using the control group as reference. For secondary categorical endpoints, a similar analysis will be performed and Mann-Whitney U-test will be used to compare median values of quantitative variables. A superiority analysis applying the response adjusted for days of antibiotic risk will be performed if there were incidents in recruitment; will allow obtaining results with 194 patients recruited. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has obtained the authorisation from the Spanish Regulatory Authority, the approval of the ethics committee and the agreement of the directors of each centre. Data will be published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05394298.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Maldonado
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC; CIBERINFEC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Clara M Rosso-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos (CTU-UICEC-HUVR-HUVM), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Inés Portillo-Calderón
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC; CIBERINFEC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Borreguero Borreguero
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos (CTU-UICEC-HUVR-HUVM), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Tristán-Clavijo
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC; CIBERINFEC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Zaira R Palacios-Baena
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC; CIBERINFEC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Salamanca
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC; CIBERINFEC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Felipe Fernández-Cuenca
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC; CIBERINFEC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina De-Cueto
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC; CIBERINFEC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emilio Stolz-Larrieu
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC; CIBERINFEC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodriguez-Baño
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC; CIBERINFEC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Eduardo López-Cortés
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC; CIBERINFEC, Sevilla, Spain
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Bavaro DF, Papagni R, Belati A, Diella L, De Luca A, Brindicci G, De Gennaro N, Di Gennaro F, Romanelli F, Stolfa S, Ronga L, Mosca A, Pomarico F, Dell'Aera M, Stufano M, Dalfino L, Grasso S, Saracino A. Cefiderocol Versus Colistin for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Complex Bloodstream Infections: A Retrospective, Propensity-Score Adjusted, Monocentric Cohort Study. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:2147-2163. [PMID: 37653122 PMCID: PMC10505116 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) are associated with high mortality with limited treatment. The aim of this study is to compare effectiveness and safety of colistin-based versus cefiderocol-based therapies for CRAB-BSI. METHODS This is a retrospective observational study enrolling patients with monomicrobial CRAB-BSIs treated with colistin or cefiderocol from 1 January 2020, to 31 December 2022. The 30-day all-cause mortality rate was the primary outcome. A Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with mortality. A propensity score analysis using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was also performed. RESULTS Overall 118 patients were enrolled, 75 (63%) and 43 (37%) treated with colistin- and cefiderocol-based regimens. The median (q1-q3) age was 70 (62-79) years; 70 (59%) patients were men. The 30-day all-cause mortality was 52%, significantly lower in the cefiderocol group (40% vs 59%, p = 0.045). By performing a Cox regression model, age (aHR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.05), septic shock (aHR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.05-3.53), and delayed targeted therapy (aHR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.11-5.25) were independent predictors of mortality, while cefiderocol-based therapy was protective (aHR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.25-0.93). The IPTW-adjusted Cox analysis confirmed the protective effect of cefiderocol (aHR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.27-0.98). CONCLUSIONS Cefiderocol may be a valuable treatment option for CRAB-BSI, especially in the current context of limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Fiore Bavaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University Hospital Polyclinic, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Roberta Papagni
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University Hospital Polyclinic, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Belati
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University Hospital Polyclinic, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Diella
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University Hospital Polyclinic, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University Hospital Polyclinic, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Brindicci
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University Hospital Polyclinic, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicolò De Gennaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University Hospital Polyclinic, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Gennaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University Hospital Polyclinic, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Romanelli
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Polyclinic of Bari, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Stolfa
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Polyclinic of Bari, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Ronga
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Polyclinic of Bari, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Adriana Mosca
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Polyclinic of Bari, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Pomarico
- Hospital Pharmacy Department, Polyclinic of Bari, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Dell'Aera
- Hospital Pharmacy Department, Polyclinic of Bari, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Stufano
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Lidia Dalfino
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grasso
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Saracino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University Hospital Polyclinic, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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Ong SWX, Petersiel N, Loewenthal MR, Daneman N, Tong SYC, Davis JS. Unlocking the DOOR - how to design, apply, analyse, and interpret desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) endpoints in infectious diseases clinical trials. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023:S1198-743X(23)00206-9. [PMID: 37179006 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) outcomes, with or without response adjusted for antibiotic risk (RADAR), are increasingly used in infectious diseases randomized clinical trials (RCTs), with the advantage of being able to combine multiple clinical outcomes and antibiotic duration in a single metric. However, it remains poorly understood, and there is considerable heterogeneity in its use. OBJECTIVES In this scoping review, we explain how to design, use, and analyse a DOOR endpoint, and highlight several pitfalls and potential improvements that can be made to DOOR/RADAR. SOURCES The Ovid MEDLINE database was searched for terms related to DOOR in English-language papers published up to 31 December 2022. Papers discussing DOOR methodology and/or reporting clinical trial analyses (as either primary, secondary, or post-hoc analysis) using a DOOR outcome were included. CONTENT 17 papers were included in the final review, of which 9 reported DOOR analyses of 12 RCTs. 8 papers discussed DOOR methodology. We synthesised information from these papers and discuss (a) How to develop a DOOR scale, (b) How to conduct a DOOR/RADAR analysis, (c) Use in clinical trials, (d) Use of alternative tiebreakers apart from RADAR, (e) Partial credit analyses, and (f) Criticisms and pitfalls of DOOR/RADAR. IMPLICATIONS DOOR is an important innovation for RCTs in infectious diseases. We highlight potential areas of methodological improvement for future research. There remains considerable heterogeneity in its implementation, and further collaborative efforts, with a more diverse range of perspectives, should be made to develop consensus scales for use in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W X Ong
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Neta Petersiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark R Loewenthal
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Nick Daneman
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven Y C Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joshua S Davis
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia; Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health and Research, Darwin, Australia.
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15
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Buis D, van Werkhoven CH, van Agtmael MA, Bax HI, Berrevoets M, de Boer M, Bonten M, Bosmans JE, Branger J, Douiyeb S, Gelinck L, Jong E, Lammers A, Van der Meer J, Oosterheert JJ, Sieswerda E, Soetekouw R, Stalenhoef JE, Van der Vaart TW, Bij de Vaate EA, Verkaik NJ, Van Vonderen M, De Vries PJ, Prins JM, Sigaloff K. Safe shortening of antibiotic treatment duration for complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAFE trial): protocol for a randomised, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial comparing 4 and 6 weeks of antibiotic treatment. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068295. [PMID: 37085305 PMCID: PMC10124302 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A major knowledge gap in the treatment of complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) is the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy. Safe shortening of antibiotic therapy has the potential to reduce adverse drug events, length of hospital stay and costs. The objective of the SAFE trial is to evaluate whether 4 weeks of antibiotic therapy is non-inferior to 6 weeks in patients with complicated SAB. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The SAFE-trial is a multicentre, non-inferiority, open-label, parallel group, randomised controlled trial evaluating 4 versus 6 weeks of antibiotic therapy for complicated SAB. The study is performed in 15 university hospitals and general hospitals in the Netherlands. Eligible patients are adults with methicillin-susceptible SAB with evidence of deep-seated or metastatic infection and/or predictors of complicated SAB. Only patients with a satisfactory clinical response to initial antibiotic treatment are included. Patients with infected prosthetic material or an undrained abscess of 5 cm or more at day 14 of adequate antibiotic treatment are excluded. Primary outcome is success of therapy after 180 days, a combined endpoint of survival without evidence of microbiologically confirmed disease relapse. Assuming a primary endpoint occurrence of 90% in the 6 weeks group, a non-inferiority margin of 7.5% is used. Enrolment of 396 patients in total is required to demonstrate non-inferiority of shorter antibiotic therapy with a power of 80%. Currently, 152 patients are enrolled in the study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This is the first randomised controlled trial evaluating duration of antibiotic therapy for complicated SAB. Non-inferiority of 4 weeks of treatment would allow shortening of treatment duration in selected patients with complicated SAB. This study is approved by the Medical Ethics Committee VUmc (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) and registered under NL8347 (the Netherlands Trial Register). Results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NL8347 (the Netherlands Trial Register).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dtp Buis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C H van Werkhoven
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M A van Agtmael
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H I Bax
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Berrevoets
- Department of Internal Medicine, Elisabeth twee-steden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Mgj de Boer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mjm Bonten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J E Bosmans
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Branger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Flevohospital, Almere, The Netherlands
| | - S Douiyeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lbs Gelinck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - E Jong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meander Medisch Centrum, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Ajj Lammers
- Department of Internal medicine & Infectious Diseases, Isala Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Jtm Van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Oosterheert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Sieswerda
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Soetekouw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - J E Stalenhoef
- Department of Internal Medicine, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T W Van der Vaart
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E A Bij de Vaate
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - N J Verkaik
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - P J De Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | - J M Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kce Sigaloff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Beta-lactam target attainment and associated outcomes in patients with bloodstream infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 61:106727. [PMID: 36646230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between early and cumulative beta-lactam pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters and therapy outcomes in bloodstream infection (BSI). METHODS Adult patients who received cefepime, meropenem, or piperacillin/tazobactam for BSI and had concentrations measured were included. Beta-lactam exposure was generated and the time that free concentration remained above the minimum inhibitory concentration (fT>MIC) and four multiples of MIC (fT>4 × MIC) were calculated for times 0-24 h and 0-7 days of therapy. Multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of PK/PD on microbiological and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 204 patients and 213 BSI episodes were included. The mean age was 58 years and weight 83 kg. Age, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, haemodialysis, Pitt bacteraemia score, and hours of empiric antibiotic therapy were significantly associated with certain outcomes and retained in the final model. In multiple regression analysis, fT>4 × MIC at 0-24 h and 0-7 days was a significant predictor of negative blood culture on day 7 (P=0.0161 and 0.0068, respectively). In the time-to-event analysis, patients who achieved 100% fT>4 × MIC at 0-24 h and 0-7 days had a shorter time to negative blood culture compared with those who did not (log-rank P=0.0004 and 0.0014, respectively). No significant associations were identified between PK/PD parameters and other outcomes, including improvement in symptoms at day 7 and 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION Early and cumulative achievement of fT>4 × MIC was a significant predictor of microbiological outcome in patients with BSI.
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17
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Sequential oral antibiotic in uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a propensity-matched cohort analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023:S1198-743X(23)00054-X. [PMID: 36773773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of oral sequential therapy (OST) in uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB). METHODS Single-centre observational cohort at a tertiary hospital in Spain, including all patients with the first SAB episode from January 2015 to December 2020. We excluded patients with complicated SAB and those who died during the first week. Patients were classified into the OST group (patients who received oral therapy after initial intravenous antibiotic therapy [IVT]), and IVT group (patients who received exclusively IVT). We performed a propensity-score matching to balance baseline differences. The primary composite endpoint was 90-day mortality or microbiological failure. Secondary endpoints included 90-day SAB relapse. RESULTS Out of 407 SAB first episodes, 230 (56.5%) were included. Of these, 112 (n = 48.7%) received OST and 118 (51.3%) IVT exclusively. Transition to oral therapy was performed after 7 days (interquartile range, 4-11). The primary endpoint occurred in 10.7% (11/112) in OST vs. 30.5% (36/118) in IVT (p < 0.001). SAB relapses occurred in 3.6% (4/112) vs. 1.7% (2/118) (p 0.436). None of the deaths in OST were related to SAB or its complications. After propensity-score matching, the primary endpoint was not more frequent in the OST group (relative risk, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22-0.79). Ninety-day relapses occurred similarly in both groups (relative risk, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.75-2.39). DISCUSSION After an initial intravenous antibiotic, patients with uncomplicated SAB can safely be switched to oral antibiotics without apparent adverse outcomes. This strategy could save costs and complications of prolonged hospital stays. Prospective randomized studies are needed.
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18
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Turjeman A, von Dach E, Molina J, Franceschini E, Koppel F, Yelin D, Dishon-Benattar Y, Mussini C, Rodríguez-Baño J, Cisneros JM, Huttner A, Paul M, Leibovici L, Yahav D. Duration of antibiotic treatment for Gram-negative bacteremia - Systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 55:101750. [PMID: 36483269 PMCID: PMC9722443 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to compare the effect of short versus long treatment duration in Gram-negative bacteremia on all-cause mortality in pre-specified sub-groups. METHODS Individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing short (≤7) versus longer (>7 days) antibiotic treatment for Gram-negative bacteremia. Participants were adults (≥18 years), with Gram-negative bacteremia during hospital stay. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science to identify trials conducted up to May 2022. Primary outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality, relapse of bacteremia, length of hospital stay, readmission, local or distant infection complications, adverse events, and resistance emergence.Outcomes were assessed in pre-specified subgroups: women vs men; non-urinary vs urinary source; presence vs absence of hypotension on initial presentation; immunocompromised patients versus non-immunocompromised patients, and age (above/below 65). Fixed-effect meta-analysis model was used to estimate pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). All three trials had low risk of bias for allocation generation and concealment. FINDINGS Three RCTs (1186 patients) were included; 1121 with enterobacterales bacteremia. No significant difference in mortality was demonstrated between 7- and 14-days treatment (90-day mortality: OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.73-1.58; 30-day mortality: 1.08, 0.62-1.91). Relapse (1.00, 0.50-1.97); length of hospital stay (P = 0.78); readmission (0.96, 0.80-1.22); and infection complications (local: 1.62 0.76-3.47; distant: 2.00, 0.18-22.08), were without significant difference, and so were adverse events or resistance emergence.No significant difference in clinical outcomes between 7 and 14 days of antibiotics was demonstrated in the subgroups of gender, age, hemodynamic status, immune status, and source of infection. INTERPRETATION For patients hemodynamically stable and afebrile at 48 h prior to discontinuation, seven days of antibiotic therapy for enterobacterales bacteremia result in similar outcomes as 14 days, in terms of mortality, relapse, length of hospital stay, complications of infection, resistance emergence, and adverse events. These results apply for any adult age group, gender, source of infection, immune status, and hemodynamic status on presentation. FUNDING There was no funding source for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Turjeman
- Research Authority, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elodie von Dach
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José Molina
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío and Virgen Macarena University Hospitals/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) on Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erica Franceschini
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fidi Koppel
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dana Yelin
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yael Dishon-Benattar
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Cristina Mussini
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
- Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) on Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Seville; and Biomedicine Institute of Seville/CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - José Miguel Cisneros
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío and Virgen Macarena University Hospitals/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) on Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Huttner
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mical Paul
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Leonard Leibovici
- Research Authority, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dafna Yahav
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Sutton JD, Spivak ES. Oral step-down with β-lactams for uncomplicated Enterobacterales bacteraemia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 29:408-410. [PMID: 36586511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Sutton
- Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Emily S Spivak
- Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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20
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Schechner V, Wulffhart L, Temkin E, Feldman SF, Nutman A, Shitrit P, Schwaber MJ, Carmeli Y. One-year mortality and years of potential life lost following bloodstream infection among adults: A nation-wide population based study. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2022; 23:100511. [PMID: 36158527 PMCID: PMC9490098 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited data exist on long-term consequences of bloodstream infections (BSIs). We aimed to examine incidence, 1-year mortality, and years of potential life lost (YPLL) following BSI. We estimated the relative contribution of hospital-onset BSI (HO-BSI) and antibiotic-resistant BSI to incidence, mortality and YPLL. Methods We used data from Israel's national BSI surveillance system (covering eight sentinel bacteria, comprising 70% of all BSIs) and the national death registry. Adults with BSI between January 2018 and December 2019 were included. The outcomes were all-cause 30-day and 1-year mortality, with no adjustment for co-morbidities. We calculated the age-standardized mortality rate and YPLL using the Global Burden of Disease reference population and life expectancy tables. Findings In total, 25,376 BSIs occurred over 2 years (mean adult population: 6,068,580). The annual incidence was 209·1 BSIs (95% CI 206·5–211·7) per 100,000 population. The case fatality rate was 25·6% (95% CI 25·0-26·2) at 30 days and 46·4% (95% CI 45·5-47·2) at 1 year. The hazard of death increased by 30% for each decade of age (HR=1·3 [95% CI 1·2-1·3]). The annual age-standardized mortality rate and YPLL per 100,000 were 50·8 (95% CI 49·7-51·9) and 1,012·6 (95% CI 986·9-1,038·3), respectively. HO-BSI (6,962 events) represented 27·4% (95% CI 26·9-28·0) of BSIs, 33·9% (95% CI 32·6-35·0) of deaths and 39·9% (95% CI 39·5-40·2) of YPLL. HO-BSI by drug-resistant bacteria (3,072 events) represented 12·1% (95% CI 11·7-12·5) of BSIs, 15·6% (95% CI 14·7-16·5) of deaths, and 18·4% (95% CI 18·1-18·7) of YPLL. Interpretation One-year mortality following BSI is high. The burden of BSI is similar to that of ischemic stroke. HO-BSI and drug-resistant BSI contribute disproportionately to BSI mortality and YPLL. Funding None.
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Impact of adherence to individual quality-of-care indicators on the prognosis of bloodstream infection due to Staphylococcus aureus: a prospective observational multicenter cohort. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 29:498-505. [PMID: 36283610 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the adherence and impact of quality-of-care indicators (QCIs) in the management of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection in a prospective and multicentre cohort. METHODS Analysis of the prospective, multicentre international S. Aureus Collaboration cohort of S. Aureus bloodstream infection cases observed between January 2013 and April 2015. Multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of adherence to QCIs on 90-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 1784 cases were included. Overall, 90-day mortality was 29.9% and mean follow-up period was 118 days. Adherence was 67% (n = 1180/1762) for follow-up blood cultures, 31% (n = 416/1342) for early focus control, 77.6% (n = 546/704) for performance of echocardiography, 75.5% (n = 1348/1784) for adequacy of targeted antimicrobial therapy, 88.6% (n = 851/960) for adequacy of treatment duration in non-complicated bloodstream infections and 61.2% (n = 366/598) in complicated bloodstream infections. Full bundle adherence was 18.4% (n = 328/1784). After controlling for immortal time bias and potential confounders, focus control (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.99; p 0.038) and adequate targeted antimicrobial therapy (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.91; p 0.004) were associated with low 90-day mortality. DISCUSSION Adherence to QCIs in S. Aureus bloodstream infection did not reach expected rates. Apart from the benefits of application as a bundle, focus control and adequate targeted therapy were independently associated with low mortality.
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Abstract
The term leishmaniasis includes multiple clinical syndromes: visceral, cutaneous, and mucosal leishmaniasis, resulting from an infection of macrophages throughout the reticuloendothelial system in the dermis and the naso-oropharyngeal mucosa, respectively. The clinical phenotype is mainly driven by the leishmania biologic characteristics and, ultimately, also by the host immune status. The disease is endemic in focal areas in the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe, transmitted by the bite of female phlebotomine sandflies. Sandflies regurgitate the parasite’s flagellated promastigote stage into the host’s skin; promastigotes bind to receptors on macrophages are phagocytized and transformed within phagolysosomes into non-flagellated amastigotes which replicate and infect additional macrophages. Amastigotes ingested by sandflies transform back into infective promastigotes. Depending on the host’s innate and acquired immune status, systemic and visceral leishmaniasis can be characterized by irregular fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anaemia. We present a 42 year-old man with long-lasting type 1 autoimmune hepatitis under immunosuppressive treatment. In January 2017, the patient started to experience low-grade unresponsiveness to empiric antibiotic therapy. The patient developed severe anemia and progressive multilineage cytopenia accompanied by increased levels of inflammatory markers. FDG-PET revealed increased glucose uptake in the liver, spleen, and the whole bone marrow. The subsequently performed bone marrow biopsy evidenced Leishmania amastigotes inside macrophages, confirmed by serological positivity to anti-Leishmania antibody. Immunosuppressive therapy was suspended and replaced by treatment with amphotericin B at 4 mg/kg/day from day 1 to day 5, followed by a single infusion on days 10, 17, 24, 31, and 38. The bone marrow smear after treatment still evidenced few Leishmania amastigotes; in consideration of the patient’s immunosuppression status, two further doses of amphotericin B on days 45 and 52 were employed, leading to infection resolution. In real-life, as exemplified in this case, administering two additional doses of amphotericin B (concerning the guidelines) offered an additional therapeutic opportunity for a patient under long-term immunosuppressive treatment.
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23
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Aldman MH, Kavyani R, Kahn F, Påhlman LI. Treatment outcome with penicillin G or cloxacillin in penicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia - A retrospective cohort study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 59:106567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Campbell AJ, Dotel R, Braddick M, Britton PN, Eisen DP, Francis JR, Lynar S, McMullan B, Meagher N, Nelson J, O’Sullivan MVN, Price DJ, Robinson JO, Whelan A, Tong SYC, Bowen AC, Davis JS. OUP accepted manuscript. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2022; 4:dlac014. [PMID: 35237755 PMCID: PMC8884362 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combination antibiotic therapy with an antitoxin agent, such as clindamycin, is included in some guidelines for severe, toxin-mediated Staphylococcus aureus infections. The evidence to support this practice is currently limited to in vitro, animal and observational human case-series data, with no previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Objectives This pilot RCT aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting a clinical trial to examine if adjunctive clindamycin with standard therapy has greater efficacy than standard therapy alone for S. aureus infections. Methods We performed an investigator-initiated, open-label, multicentre, pilot RCT (ACTRN12617001416381p) in adults and children with severe S. aureus infections, randomized to standard antibiotic therapy with or without clindamycin for 7 days. Results Over 28 months, across nine sites, 127 individuals were screened and 34 randomized, including 11 children (32%). The primary outcome—number of days alive and free of systemic inflammatory response syndrome ≤14 days—was similar between groups: clindamycin (3 days [IQR 1–6]) versus standard therapy (4 days [IQR 0–8]). The 90 day mortality was 0% (0/17) in the clindamycin group versus 24% (4/17) in the standard therapy group. Secondary outcomes—microbiological relapse, treatment failure or diarrhoea—were similar between groups. Conclusions As the first clinical trial assessing adjunctive clindamycin for S. aureus infections, this study indicates feasibility and that adults and children can be incorporated into one trial using harmonized endpoints, and there were no safety concerns. The CASSETTE trial will inform the definitive S. aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial, which includes an adjunctive clindamycin domain and participants with non-severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Campbell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - R. Dotel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Braddick
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - P. N. Britton
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Children’s Hospital Westmead, Sydney, Australia
- University of Sydney, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - D. P. Eisen
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - J. R. Francis
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia
| | - S. Lynar
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - B. McMullan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, Australia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N. Meagher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne & Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J. Nelson
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - M. V. N. O’Sullivan
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Newcastle, Australia
| | - D. J. Price
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne & Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J. O. Robinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Discipline of Health, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - A. Whelan
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - S. Y. C. Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne & Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A. C. Bowen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - J. S. Davis
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
- John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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25
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Marín-Candón A, Rosso-Fernández CM, Bustos de Godoy N, López-Cerero L, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez B, López-Cortés LE, Barrera Pulido L, Borreguero Borreguero I, León MJ, Merino V, Camean-Fernández M, Retamar P, Salamanca E, Pascual A, Rodriguez-Baño J. Temocillin versus meropenem for the targeted treatment of bacteraemia due to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ASTARTÉ): protocol for a randomised, pragmatic trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049481. [PMID: 34580096 PMCID: PMC8477313 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alternatives to carbapenems are needed in the treatment of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (3GCR-E). Temocillin is a suitable candidate, but comparative randomised studies are lacking. The objective is to investigate if temocillin is non-inferior to carbapenems in the targeted treatment of bacteraemia due to 3GCR-E. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, pragmatic phase 3 trial. Patients with bacteraemia due to 3GCR-E will be randomised to receive intravenously temocillin (2 g three times a day) or carbapenem (meropenem 1 g three times a day or ertapenem 1 g once daily). The primary endpoint will be clinical success 7-10 days after end of treatment with no recurrence or death at day 28. Adverse events will be collected; serum levels of temocillin will be investigated in a subset of patients. For a 10% non-inferiority margin, 334 patients will be included (167 in each study arm). For the primary analysis, the absolute difference with one-sided 95% CI in the proportion of patients reaching the primary endpoint will be compared in the modified intention-to-treat population. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study started after approval of the Spanish Regulatory Agency and the reference institutional review board. Data will be published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04478721.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Marín-Candón
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos (CTU), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Clara M Rosso-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos (CTU), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Natalia Bustos de Godoy
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamentos de Medicina y Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Cerero
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamentos de Medicina y Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamentos de Medicina y Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Eduardo López-Cortés
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamentos de Medicina y Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lydia Barrera Pulido
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamentos de Medicina y Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Borreguero Borreguero
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos (CTU), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María José León
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos (CTU), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Vicente Merino
- Unidad Clínica de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Retamar
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamentos de Medicina y Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Salamanca
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamentos de Medicina y Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alvaro Pascual
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamentos de Medicina y Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodriguez-Baño
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamentos de Medicina y Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Pascale R, Corcione S, Bussini L, Pancaldi L, Giacobbe DR, Ambretti S, Lupia T, Costa C, Marchese A, De Rosa FG, Bassetti M, Viscoli C, Bartoletti M, Giannella M, Viale P. Non-fermentative gram-negative bloodstream infection in northern Italy: a multicenter cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:806. [PMID: 34384380 PMCID: PMC8359066 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The management of non-fermentative gram-negative bloodstream infection (NFGN-BSI) offers numerous challenges. In this study the aim is to analyse a large cohort of patients with NFGN-BSI recruited in the northern Italy to describe epidemiology, etiological and susceptibility pattern, therapeutic management and outcome. Methods Multicentre retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalised at three large teaching hospitals in northern Italy in a fourth year period. Results 355 BSI episodes were analyzed, due to P. aeruginosa (72.7%), A. baumannii (16.6%), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (10.7%). Overall, 21.4% of isolates were defined as DTR, highest rate among A. baumannii (64.4%). All-cause 30-day mortality rate was 17.5%. Rates of XDR or DTR A. baumannii isolation were significantly higher in non-surviving patients. Independent risk factors for 30-day mortality were: age (HR 1.03, 95%CI 1.00–1.04, p = 0.003), septic shock (HR 2.84, 95%CI 1.67–4.82, p < 0.001) and BSI due to Acinetobacter baumannii (HR 2.23, 95%CI 1.27–3.94, p = 0.005). Conclusion The overall prevalence of DTR was high in the NFGN BSI cohort analyzied, mainly among Acinetobacter baumannii episodes (64.4%). Acinetobacter baumannii is showed to be an independent predictor of mortality. These evidences marked the urgent need of new therapeutic options against this pathogen. Trial registration number: 79/2017/O/OssN. Approved: March14th, 2017. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06496-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Pascale
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Corcione
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Linda Bussini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137, Bologna, Italy
| | - Livia Pancaldi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Roberto Giacobbe
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Ambretti
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lupia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Marchese
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Microbiology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Bassetti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Viscoli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Bartoletti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Giannella
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Viale
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Wilson BM, Jiang Y, Jump RLP, Viau RA, Perez F, Bonomo RA, Evans SR. Desirability of Outcome Ranking for the Management of Antimicrobial Therapy (DOOR MAT): A Framework for Assessing Antibiotic Selection Strategies in the Presence of Drug Resistance. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:344-350. [PMID: 33245333 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexities of antibiotic resistance mean that successful stewardship must consider both the effectiveness of a given antibiotic and the spectrum of that therapy to minimize imposing further selective pressure. To meet this challenge, we propose the Desirability of Outcome Ranking approach for the Management of Antimicrobial Therapy (DOOR MAT), a flexible quantitative framework that evaluates the desirability of antibiotic selection. Herein, we describe the steps required to implement DOOR MAT and present examples to illustrate how the desirability of treatment selection can be evaluated using resistance information. While treatments and the scoring of treatment selections must be adapted to specific clinical settings, the principle of DOOR MAT remains constant: The most desirable antibiotic choice effectively treats the patient while exerting minimal pressure on future resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid M Wilson
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yunyun Jiang
- George Washington Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Robin L P Jump
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Federico Perez
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, USA
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Departments of Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology, Case Western Reserve University-Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott R Evans
- George Washington Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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28
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McNamara JF, Davis JS. Measuring the Meaningful. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:248-249. [PMID: 32445472 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John F McNamara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia.,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua S Davis
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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29
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Cheng MP, Lawandi A, Butler-Laporte G, De l'Étoile-Morel S, Paquette K, Lee TC. Adjunctive Daptomycin in the Treatment of Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:e196-e203. [PMID: 32667982 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bloodstream infections (BSIs) with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Our objective in this study was to determine the efficacy of synergistic treatment with daptomycin when given with either cefazolin or cloxacillin for the treatment of MSSA BSI. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed at 2 academic hospitals in Montreal, Canada. Patients aged ≥18 years with MSSA BSI receiving either cefazolin or cloxacillin monotherapy were considered for inclusion. In addition to the standard-of-care treatment, participants received a 5-day course of adjunctive daptomycin or placebo. The primary outcome was the duration of MSSA BSI in days. RESULTS Of 318 participants screened, 115 were enrolled and 104 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (median age, 67 years; 34.5% female). The median duration of bacteremia was 2.04 days among patients who received daptomycin vs 1.65 days in those who received placebo (absolute difference, 0.39 days; P = .40). In a modified intention-to-treat analysis that involved participants who remained bacteremic at the time of enrollment, we found a median duration of bacteremia of 3.06 days among patients who received daptomycin vs 3.0 days in those who received placebo (absolute difference, 0.06 days; P = .77). Ninety-day mortality in the daptomycin arm was 18.9% vs 17.7% in the placebo arm (P = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with MSSA BSIs, the administration of adjunctive daptomycin therapy to standard-of-care treatment did not shorten the duration of bacteremia and should not be routinely considered. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02972983.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Cheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Lawandi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Butler-Laporte
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel De l'Étoile-Morel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katryn Paquette
- Division of Neonatology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Todd C Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Clinical Practice Assessment Unit, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Karakonstantis S, Ioannou P, Kofteridis D. Do we have enough data to apply VIRSTA score in clinical practice? Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:164-165. [PMID: 33973003 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Infectious Diseases, University hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Stewart AG, Harris PNA, Chatfield MD, Littleford R, Paterson DL. Ceftolozane-tazobactam versus meropenem for definitive treatment of bloodstream infection due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales ("MERINO-3"): study protocol for a multicentre, open-label randomised non-inferiority trial. Trials 2021; 22:301. [PMID: 33888139 PMCID: PMC8060904 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales are common causes of bloodstream infection. ESBL-producing bacteria are typically resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and result in a sizeable economic and public health burden. AmpC-producing Enterobacterales may develop third-generation cephalosporin resistance through enzyme hyper-expression. In no observational study has the outcome of treatment of these infections been surpassed by carbapenems. Widespread use of carbapenems may drive the development of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. METHODS This study will use a multicentre, parallel group open-label non-inferiority trial design comparing ceftolozane-tazobactam and meropenem in adult patients with bloodstream infection caused by ESBL or AmpC-producing Enterobacterales. Trial recruitment will occur in up to 40 sites in six countries (Australia, Singapore, Italy, Spain, Saudi Arabia and Lebanon). The sample size is determined by a predefined quantity of ceftolozane-tazobactam to be supplied by Merck, Sharpe and Dohme (MSD). We anticipate that a trial with 600 patients contributing to the primary outcome analysis would have 80% power to declare non-inferiority with a 5% non-inferiority margin, assuming a 30-day mortality of 5% in both randomised groups. Once randomised, definitive treatment will be for a minimum of 5 days and a maximum of 14 days with the total duration determined by treating clinicians. Data describing demographic information, risk factors, concomitant antibiotics, illness scores, microbiology, multidrug-resistant organism screening, discharge and mortality will be collected. DISCUSSION Participants will have bloodstream infection due to third-generation cephalosporin non-susceptible E. coli and Klebsiella spp. or Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Providencia spp. or Serratia marcescens. They will be randomised 1:1 to ceftolozane-tazobactam 3 g versus meropenem 1 g, both every 8 h. Secondary outcomes will be a comparison of 14-day all-cause mortality, clinical and microbiological success at day 5, functional bacteraemia score, microbiological relapse, new bloodstream infection, length of hospital stay, serious adverse events, C. difficile infection, multidrug-resistant organism colonisation. The estimated trial completion date is December 2024. TRIAL REGISTRATION The MERINO-3 trial is registered under the US National Institute of Health ClinicalTrials.gov register, reference number: NCT04238390 . Registered on 23 January 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Stewart
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Patrick N A Harris
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark D Chatfield
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roberta Littleford
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Walker AS, White IR, Turner RM, Hsu LY, Yeo TW, White NJ, Sharland M, Thwaites GE. Personalised randomised controlled trial designs-a new paradigm to define optimal treatments for carbapenem-resistant infections. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 21:e175-e181. [PMID: 33894130 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is impacting treatment decisions for, and patient outcomes from, bacterial infections worldwide, with particular threats from infections with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumanii, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Numerous areas of clinical uncertainty surround the treatment of these highly resistant infections, yet substantial obstacles exist to the design and conduct of treatment trials for carbapenem-resistant bacterial infections. These include the lack of a widely acceptable optimised standard of care and control regimens, varying antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical contraindications making specific intervention regimens infeasible, and diagnostic and recruitment challenges. The current single comparator trials are not designed to answer the urgent public health question, identified as a high priority by WHO, of what are the best regimens out of the available options that will significantly reduce morbidity, costs, and mortality. This scenario has an analogy in network meta-analysis, which compares multiple treatments in an evidence synthesis to rank the best of a set of available treatments. To address these obstacles, we propose extending the network meta-analysis approach to individual randomisation of patients. We refer to this approach as a Personalised RAndomised Controlled Trial (PRACTical) design that compares multiple treatments in an evidence synthesis, to identify, overall, which is the best treatment out of a set of available treatments to recommend, or how these different treatments rank against each other. In this Personal View, we summarise the design principles of personalised randomised controlled trial designs. Specifically, of a network of different potential regimens for life-threatening carbapenem-resistant infections, each patient would be randomly assigned only to regimens considered clinically reasonable for that patient at that time, incorporating antimicrobial susceptibility, toxicity profile, pharmacometric properties, availability, and physician assessment. Analysis can use both direct and indirect comparisons across the network, analogous to network meta-analysis. This new trial design will maximise the relevance of the findings to each individual patient, and enable the top-ranked regimens from any personalised randomisation list to be identified, in terms of both efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarah Walker
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian R White
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca M Turner
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - Li Yang Hsu
- National University of Singapore, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore
| | - Tsin Wen Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Nicholas J White
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Guy E Thwaites
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; and Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Stewart AG, Harris PNA, Chatfield M, Evans SR, van Duin D, Paterson DL. Modern Clinician-initiated Clinical Trials to Determine Optimal Therapy for Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Infections. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:433-439. [PMID: 31738398 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative infection are growing. However, postregistration, pragmatic, and clinician-led clinical trials in this field are few, recruit small sample sizes, and experience deficiencies in design and operations. MDR gram-negative therapeutic trials are often inefficient, only evaluating a single antibiotic or strategy at a time. Novel clinical trial designs offer potential solutions by attempting to obtain clinically meaningful conclusions at the end or during a trial, for many treatment strategies, simultaneously. An integrated, consensus approach to MDR gram-negative infection trial design is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Stewart
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick N A Harris
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Chatfield
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott R Evans
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Centre for Biostatistics, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - David van Duin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David L Paterson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Bitterman R, Koppel F, Mussini C, Geffen Y, Chowers M, Rahav G, Nesher L, Ben-Ami R, Turjeman A, Huberman Samuel M, Cheng MP, Lee TC, Leibovici L, Yahav D, Paul M. Piperacillin-tazobactam versus meropenem for treatment of bloodstream infections caused by third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: a study protocol for a non-inferiority open-label randomised controlled trial (PeterPen). BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040210. [PMID: 33558347 PMCID: PMC7871690 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The optimal treatment for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections has yet to be defined. Retrospective studies have shown conflicting results, with most data suggesting the non-inferiority of beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations compared with carbapenems. However, the recently published MERINO trial failed to demonstrate the non-inferiority of piperacillin-tazobactam to meropenem. The potential implications of the MERINO trial are profound, as widespread adoption of carbapenem treatment will have detrimental effects on antimicrobial stewardship in areas endemic for ESBL and carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Therefore, we believe that it is justified to re-examine the comparison in a second randomised controlled trial prior to changing clinical practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS PeterPen is a multicentre, investigator-initiated, open-label, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial, comparing piperacillin-tazobactam with meropenem for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella bloodstream infections. The study is currently being conducted in six centres in Israel and one in Canada with other centres from Israel, Italy and Canada expected to join. The two primary outcomes are all-cause mortality at day 30 from enrolment and treatment failure at day seven (death, fever above 38°C in the last 48 hours, continuous symptoms, increasing Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score or persistent blood cultures with the index pathogen). A sample size of 1084 patients was calculated for the mortality endpoint assuming a 12.5% mortality rate in the control group with a 5% non-inferiority margin and assuming 100% follow-up for this outcome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is approved by local and national ethics committees as required. Results will be published, and trial data will be made available. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03671967); Israeli Ministry of Health Trials Registry (MOH_2018-12-25_004857).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Bitterman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fidi Koppel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Cristina Mussini
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, University Hospital Modena, Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Yuval Geffen
- Microbiology Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Chowers
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Nesher
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ronen Ben-Ami
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Turjeman
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Internal Medicine E, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Matthew P Cheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Todd C Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonard Leibovici
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Internal Medicine E, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Dafna Yahav
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Mical Paul
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Fluoroquinolone versus Beta-Lactam Oral Step-Down Therapy for Uncomplicated Streptococcal Bloodstream Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01515-20. [PMID: 32839223 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01515-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are often preferred as oral step-down therapy for bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to favorable pharmacokinetic parameters; however, they are also associated with serious adverse events. The objective of this study was to compare clinical outcomes for patients who received an oral FQ versus an oral beta-lactam (BL) as step-down therapy for uncomplicated streptococcal BSIs. This multicenter, retrospective cohort study analyzed adult patients who completed therapy with an oral FQ or BL with at least one blood culture positive for a Streptococcus species from 1 January 2014 to 30 June 2019. The primary outcome was clinical success, defined as the lack of all-cause mortality, recurrent BSI with the same organism, and infection-related readmission at 90 days. A multivariable logistic regression model for predictors of clinical failure was conducted. A total of 220 patients were included, with 87 (40%) receiving an FQ and 133 (60%) receiving a BL. Step-down therapy with an oral BL was noninferior to an oral FQ (93.2% versus 92.0%; mean difference, 1.2%; 90% confidence interval [CI], -5.2 to 7.8). No differences were seen in 90-day mortality, 90-day recurrent BSI, 90-day infection-related readmission, or 90-day incidence of Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea. Predictors of clinical failure included oral step-down transition before day 3 (odds ratio [OR] = 5.18; 95% CI, 1.21, 22.16) and low-dose oral step-down therapy (OR = 2.74; 95% CI, 0.95, 7.90). Our results suggest that oral step-down therapy for uncomplicated streptococcal BSI with a BL is noninferior to an FQ.
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Sutton JD, Stevens VW, Chang NCN, Khader K, Timbrook TT, Spivak ES. Oral β-Lactam Antibiotics vs Fluoroquinolones or Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Definitive Treatment of Enterobacterales Bacteremia From a Urine Source. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2020166. [PMID: 33030555 PMCID: PMC7545306 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.20166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Oral β-lactam antibiotics are traditionally not recommended to treat Enterobacterales bacteremia because of concerns over subtherapeutic serum concentrations, but there is a lack of outcomes data, specifically after initial treatment with parenteral antibiotics. Given the limited data and increasing limitations of fluoroquinolones or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), oral β-lactam antibiotics may be a valuable additional treatment option. Objective To compare definitive therapy with oral β-lactam antibiotics vs fluoroquinolones or TMP-SMX for Enterobacterales bacteremia from a suspected urine source. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2007, to September 30, 2015, at 114 Veterans Affairs hospitals among 4089 adults with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, or Proteus spp bacteremia and matching urine culture results. Additional inclusion criteria were receipt of active parenteral antibiotic(s) followed by conversion to an oral antibiotic. Exclusion criteria were previous Enterobacterales bacteremia, urologic abscess, or chronic prostatitis. Data were analyzed from April 15, 2019, to July 26, 2020. Exposures Conversion of therapy to an oral β-lactam antibiotic vs fluoroquinolones or TMP-SMX after 1 to 5 days of parenteral antibiotics. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was a composite of either 30-day all-cause mortality or 30-day recurrent bacteremia. Propensity-based overlap weights were used to adjust for differences between groups. Log binomial regression models were used to estimate adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and adjusted risk differences (aRDs). Results Of the 4089 eligible patients (3731 men [91.2%]; median age, 71 years [interquartile range, 63-81 years]), 955 received an oral β-lactam antibiotic, and 3134 received fluoroquinolones or TMP-SMX. The primary outcome occurred for 42 patients (4.4%) who received β-lactam antibiotics and 94 patients (3.0%) who received fluoroquinolones or TMP-SMX (aRD, 0.99% [95% CI, -0.42% to 2.40%]; aRR, 1.31 [95% CI, 0.87-1.95]). Mortality rates were 3.0% (n = 29) for patients receiving β-lactam antibiotics vs 2.6% (n = 82) for those receiving fluoroquinolones or TMP-SMX (aRD, 0.06% [95% CI, -1.13% to 1.26%]; aRR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.67-1.56]). Recurrent bacteremia rates were 1.5% (n = 14) among those receiving β-lactam antibiotics vs 0.4% (n = 12) among those receiving fluoroquinolones or TMP-SMX (aRD, 1.03% [95% CI, 0.24%-1.82%]; aRR, 3.43 [95% CI, 0.42-27.90]). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of adults with E coli, Klebsiella spp, or Proteus spp bacteremia from a suspected urine source, the relative risk of recurrent bacteremia was not significantly higher with β-lactam antibiotics compared with fluoroquinolones or TMP-SMX, and the absolute risk and risk difference were small (ie, <3%). No significant difference in mortality was observed. Oral β-lactam antibiotics may be a reasonable step-down treatment option, primarily when alternative options are limited by resistance or adverse effects. Further study is needed because statistical power was limited owing to a low number of recurrent bacteremia events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. Sutton
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
- IDEAS Center of Innovation, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Vanessa W. Stevens
- IDEAS Center of Innovation, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Nai-Chung N. Chang
- IDEAS Center of Innovation, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Karim Khader
- IDEAS Center of Innovation, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Tristan T. Timbrook
- IDEAS Center of Innovation, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
- now at BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Emily S. Spivak
- IDEAS Center of Innovation, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
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Ten Oever J, Jansen JL, van der Vaart TW, Schouten JA, Hulscher MEJL, Verbon A. Development of quality indicators for the management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:3344-3351. [PMID: 31393551 PMCID: PMC7183807 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) is a serious and often fatal infectious disease. The quality of management of SAB is modifiable and can thus affect the outcome. Quality indicators (QIs) can be used to measure the quality of care of the various aspects of SAB management in hospitals, enabling professionals to identify targets for improvement and stimulating them to take action. Objectives To develop QIs for the management of hospitalized patients with SAB. Methods A RAND-modified Delphi procedure was used to develop a set of QIs for the management of SAB in hospitalized patients. First, available QIs for the management of SAB were extracted from the literature published since 1 January 2000 (MEDLINE and Embase databases). Thereafter, an international multidisciplinary expert panel appraised these QIs during two questionnaire rounds with an intervening face-to-face meeting. Results The literature search resulted in a list of 39 potential QIs. After appraisal by 30 medical specialists, 25 QIs describing recommended care at patient level were selected. These QIs defined appropriate follow-up blood cultures (n=2), echocardiography (n=6), source control (n=4), antibiotic therapy (n=7), antibiotic dose adjustment (n=2), intravenous-to-oral switch (n=2), infectious disease consultation (n=1) and medical discharge report (n=1). Conclusions A set of 25 QIs for the management of SAB for hospitalized patients was developed by using a RAND-modified Delphi procedure among international experts. These QIs can measure the quality of various aspects of SAB management. This information can be fed back to the relevant stakeholders in order to identify improvement targets and optimize care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap Ten Oever
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joëll L Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas W van der Vaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A Schouten
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare (IQ healthcare), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies E J L Hulscher
- Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare (IQ healthcare), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Verbon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Karakonstantis S, Gikas A, Astrinaki E, Kritsotakis EI. Excess mortality due to pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in hospitalized patients. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:447-453. [PMID: 32927013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDRAB) is increasingly being reported as a nosocomial pathogen worldwide, but determining its clinical impact is challenging. AIM To assess the spectrum of excess mortality attributable to PDRAB infection in acute care settings. METHODS This four-year cohort study was conducted in a tertiary-care referral hospital in Greece to estimate excess in-hospital mortality due to PDRAB infection by comparing patients infected to those colonized with PDRAB by means of competing risks survival analysis. FINDINGS The study cohort comprised 91 patients (median age: 67 years; 77% men). For most patients, PDRAB was first isolated in the intensive care unit (ICU) (N = 51; 57%) or following ICU discharge (N = 26; 29%). Overall in-hospital mortality was 68% (95% confidence interval (CI): 57.5-77.5%). PDRAB-infected patients (N = 62; 68%) and PDRAB-colonized patients (N = 29; 32%) had similar baseline characteristics, but the absolute excess risk of 30-day mortality in infected patients compared to colonized patients was 34% (95% CI: 14-54%). Multivariable competing risks regression showed that PDRAB infection significantly increased the daily hazard of 30-day in-hospital death (cause-specific hazard ratio (csHR): 3.10; 95% CI: 1.33-7.21) while simultaneously decreasing the daily rate of discharge (csHR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08-0.74), thereby leading to longer hospitalization. Stronger effects were observed for bloodstream infections. CONCLUSION New effective antimicrobials would be expected to prevent mortality in one of every three patients treated for PDRAB infection and reduce their length of hospitalization. However, available therapeutic options remain extremely limited and emphasis on preventing healthcare-associated transmission of PDRAB is ever more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karakonstantis
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - A Gikas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - E Astrinaki
- Infection Control Committee, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - E I Kritsotakis
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Pérez-García F, Jiménez-Sousa MÁ, Soria S, Jorge-Monjas P, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Gómez-Sánchez E, Heredia-Rodríguez M, Gómez-Pesquera E, Martínez-Paz P, Tamayo E, Resino S. IFNL3 rs12980275 Polymorphism Predicts Septic Shock-Related Death in Patients Undergoing Major Surgery: A Retrospective Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:186. [PMID: 32478085 PMCID: PMC7239994 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon lambda 3 (IFNL3, previously called IL-28B) is a cytokine with effects against viral and bacterial pathogens. We aimed to analyze the IFNL3 rs12980275 SNP in patients who underwent major surgery, in order to establish its relationship with susceptibility to septic shock and septic shock-related death in these patients. We performed a case-control study on 376 patients to establish the association between IFNL3 rs12980275 SNP and the susceptibility to develop septic shock. Besides, we performed a longitudinal study among 172 septic shock patients using survival analysis with one censoring point of 28-days mortality. The IFNL3 rs12980275 polymorphism was genotyped by Agena Bioscience's MassARRAY platform. IFNL3 rs12980275 polymorphism was not associated with higher susceptibility to infection and septic shock development. Regarding survival analysis, the Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with IFNL3 rs12980275 AA genotype had higher survival than patients with GG genotype (p = 0.003). The Cox regression analysis adjusted by the most relevant clinical and epidemiological characteristics showed that the GG genotype (recessive model) and the presence of the G allele (additive model) were associated with higher risk of death [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.15, p = 0.034; aHR = 1.50, p = 0.030, respectively]. In conclusion, IFNL3 rs12980275 polymorphism was associated with septic shock-related death in patients who underwent major surgery. The A allele was linked to protection, and the G allele was associated with an increased risk of death. This is a first preliminary study that suggests for the first time a role of IFNL3 polymorphisms in the prognosis of septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pérez-García
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Jiménez-Sousa
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Susana Soria
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Jorge-Monjas
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Esther Gómez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Heredia-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Martínez-Paz
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tamayo
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
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Holland TL, Chambers HF, Boucher HW, Corey GR, Coleman R, Castaneda-Ruiz B, Fowler VG. Considerations for Clinical Trials of Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection in Adults. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:865-872. [PMID: 30202941 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (SAB) are broadly grouped into 2 categories: registrational trials intended to support regulatory approval of antibiotics for the treatment of SAB and strategy trials intended to inform clinicians on the best treatment options for SAB among existing antibiotics. Both types of SAB trials are urgently needed but have been limited by cost, complexity, and regulatory uncertainty. Here, we review key SAB trial design considerations for investigators, sponsors, and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Holland
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Helen W Boucher
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - G Ralph Corey
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca Coleman
- Theravance Biopharma US, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Vance G Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Giannella M, Pascale R, Pancaldi L, Monari C, Ianniruberto S, Malosso P, Bussini L, Bartoletti M, Tedeschi S, Ambretti S, Lewis R, Viale P. Follow-up blood cultures are associated with improved outcome of patients with gram-negative bloodstream infections: retrospective observational cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:897-903. [PMID: 32006697 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined factors associated with follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) in patients with monomicrobial Gram-negative (GN) bloodstream infection (BSI) and investigated the impact of FUBCs on therapeutic management and patient outcome. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of adult patients diagnosed with GN-BSI at a tertiary-care university hospital during 2013-2016. FUBCs performed between 24 hours and 7 days after index BCs was the exposure variable. Risk factors for 30-day mortality were analysed by multivariate Cox analysis on the overall cohort, including FUBCs as a time-varying covariate and on 1:1 matched patients according to Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and time to FUBC. RESULTS In 278 (17.6%) of 1576 patients, FUBCs were performed within a median of 3 and 2 days after index BCs and active antibiotic therapy initiation. Persistent BSI was found in 107 (38.5%) of 278 patients. FUBCs were performed in more severely ill patients, with nonurinary sources, difficult-to-treat pathogens and receipt of initial inappropriate therapy. Source control and infectious disease consultation rates were higher among patients with preceding FUBCs and was associated with longer treatment duration. Thirty-day mortality was 10.4%. Independent risk factors for mortality were Charlson comorbidity index (hazard ratio (HR) 1.12) SOFA (HR 1.11), septic shock (HR 2.64), urinary source (HR 0.60), central venous catheter source (HR 2.30), complicated BSI (HR 2.10), carbapenem resistance (HR 2.34), active empiric therapy (HR 0.68), source control (HR 0.34) and FUBCs (HR 0.48). Association between FUBCs and lower mortality was confirmed in the 274 matched pairs. CONCLUSIONS FUBCs were performed in more severe GN-BSIs, yielding a high rate of persistent BSI. In this context, FUBCs were associated with lower mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giannella
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Pascale
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - L Pancaldi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Monari
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - S Ianniruberto
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Malosso
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Bussini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Bartoletti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Tedeschi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Ambretti
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Lewis
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Viale
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Rac H, Gould A, Bookstaver P, Justo J, Kohn J, Al-Hasan M. Evaluation of early clinical failure criteria for gram-negative bloodstream infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:73-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Giannella M, Bussini L, Pascale R, Bartoletti M, Malagrinò M, Pancaldi L, Toschi A, Ferraro G, Marconi L, Ambretti S, Lewis R, Viale P. Prognostic Utility of the New Definition of Difficult-to-Treat Resistance Among Patients With Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz505. [PMID: 31858018 PMCID: PMC6916520 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To compare the prognostic utility of the new definition of difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) vs established definitions in a cohort of patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs). Methods This was a retrospective single-center study of adult patients with monomicrobial GNBSI, hospitalized from 2013 to 2016. DTR was defined as isolate demonstrating intermediate or resistant phenotype to all reported agents in the carbapenem, beta-lactam, and fluoroquinolone classes. Carbapenem resistance (CR) was defined according to 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Each isolate was further classified according to the Magiorakos et al. criteria as non-multidrug-resistant (non-MDR), MDR, extensively drug-resistant (XDR), or pan-drug-resistant (PDR). The primary outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality. Results Overall, 1576 patients were analyzed. Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 88.7% of BSIs, with Escherichia coli (n = 941) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 326) being the most common pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common nonfermentative bacteria (n = 130, 8.2%). Overall, 11% of strains were defined as DTR and 13% as CR. Episodes were further classified as non-MDR (68.8%), MDR (21.9%), XDR (8.8%), and PDR (0.4%). The prevalence rates of DTR, CR, and XDR were similar among Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii, whereas they differed in P. aeruginosa. All the analyzed resistance definitions significantly improved prediction of 30-day mortality when introduced into a baseline multivariate model, to a similar degree: 9%, 10%, and 11% for DTR, Magiorakos, and CR definitions, respectively. Conclusions DTR seems a promising tool to identify challenging GNBSIs, mainly those due to P. aeruginosa. With the availability of new agents for CR infections, further multicenter assessments of DTR are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Giannella
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Linda Bussini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Pascale
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Bartoletti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Malagrinò
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Livia Pancaldi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Toschi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marconi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Ambretti
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Russell Lewis
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Viale
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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McNamara JF, Harris PNA, Chatfield MD, Lorenc P, Paterson DL. Measuring patient-centred long-term outcome following a bloodstream infection: a pilot study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:257.e1-257.e4. [PMID: 31654791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and modified SOFA (mSOFA) scoring and a novel performance score based on the Karnofsky score for measuring outcome following a bloodstream infection (BSI). METHOD This prospective observational cohort study assessed patients with BSI for mortality and functional outcomes with a novel performance score: the functional bloodstream infection score (FBIS). We also tested the SOFA and, given the difficulties with measuring SOFA on ward-based patients, the mSOFA over the first 7 days following a BSI for their association with outcomes. RESULTS One hundred participants were prospectively recruited. Mortality at 52 weeks following BSI was 21% (21/100). Only 57% of survivors (39/69) were at their baseline functional status at 52 weeks. Stable or improved SOFA/mSOFA over the first 7 days was associated with survival and return to premorbid performance score (risk ratio 3.2, 95%CI 1.3-9.4, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The acute change in SOFA/mSOFA was associated with 52-week survival and return to premorbid functional performance. The FBIS measurement represents a simple and easy-to-apply measure of functional performance for patients with BSI and was associated with a high response rate (89%) from participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F McNamara
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia; The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - P N A Harris
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia; Pathology Queensland, Central Laboratory, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - M D Chatfield
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P Lorenc
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D L Paterson
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia; The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Whilst many guidelines recommend limiting the use of antibiotics because of the increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), this strategy becomes challenging when dealing with severe infections in critically ill patients. Moreover, some Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) can exhibit mechanisms of resistance that make the patient more vulnerable to recurrence of infections. We reviewed recent data on the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy in these patients. RECENT FINDINGS Apart from having no additional clinical benefit at a certain point after initiation, antibiotics might have negative effects. Prolonged antibiotic exposure has been associated to development of AMR and represents a strong reason to avoid long courses of antibiotic therapy in GNB infections. Recent data suggest that also patients with severe infections, in whom source control is adequate, can be managed with short-course antibiotic therapy. SUMMARY The optimal duration of antibiotic therapy depends on many factors, but overall, many infections in the critically ill can be treated with short-course antibiotic therapy (7 days or less). The integration of signs of resolution, biomarkers, clinical judgment, and microbiologic eradication might help to define this optimal duration in patients with life-threatening infections caused by GNB.
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Punjabi C, Tien V, Meng L, Deresinski S, Holubar M. Oral Fluoroquinolone or Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs. ß-lactams as Step-Down Therapy for Enterobacteriaceae Bacteremia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz364. [PMID: 31412127 PMCID: PMC6785705 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using published data, we sought to compare outcomes in patients transitioned to either oral fluoroquinolones (FQ) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) versus ß-lactams (BL's) after an initial intravenous (IV) course for gram-negative rod (GNR) bacteremia. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of PubMed and EMBASE and published IDWeek abstracts. We included studies that reported all-cause mortality and/or infection recurrence in patients transitioned to oral FQ/TMP-SMX and BL's. RESULTS Eight retrospective studies met inclusion criteria with data for 2,289 patients, of whom 65% were transitioned to oral FQ, 7.7% to TMP-SMX, and 27.2% to BL's. Follow up periods ranged from 21 to 90 days. All-cause mortality was not significantly different between patients transitioned to either FQ/TMP-SMX or BL's (OR 1.13; 95%CI, 0.69-1.87). Overall recurrence of infection, either bacteremia or the primary site, occurred more frequently in patients transitioned to oral BL's vs. FQ's (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.61). Analysis limited to recurrent bacteremia was similarly suggestive although limited by small numbers (OR 2.32, 95% CI 0.99 to 5.44). However, based on known pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, prescribed ß-lactam dosing regimens were frequently suboptimal. CONCLUSIONS In the step-down IV to oral treatment of GNR bacteremia, we found insufficient data regarding outcomes after oral TMP-SMX; however, selection of a FQ over commonly utilized ß-lactam regimens may reduce chances of infection recurrence. While this may be a class effect, it may simply be the result of inadequate dosing of ß-lactams. Additional investigations are warranted to determine outcomes with TMP-SMX and optimized oral ß-lactam dosing regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Punjabi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Vivian Tien
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lina Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California
| | - Stan Deresinski
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Marisa Holubar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Transition from intravenous to oral antimicrobial therapy in patients with uncomplicated and complicated bloodstream infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:299-306. [PMID: 31128289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of oral antimicrobial agents in the management of bloodstream infections (BSI) is currently evolving. OBJECTIVES This narrative review summarizes and appraises clinical studies that examined transition from intravenous to oral antimicrobials or compared effectiveness of various oral agents for definitive therapy of uncomplicated and complicated BSI in adults. SOURCES Relevant English-language studies from MEDLINE (since inception) and presented abstracts at international scientific meetings (since 2017). CONTENT Emerging data suggest potential utility of oral switch strategy, particularly to oxazolidinones, as an alternative to standard intravenous therapy in low-risk patients with uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus BSI. Moreover, results of recent randomized clinical trials are promising that combination oral regimens may play a role in antimicrobial management of complicated Gram-positive BSI, including infective endocarditis, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. Whereas oral fluoroquinolones have been used successfully for decades in both uncomplicated and complicated Gram-negative BSI, recent studies suggest that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and aminopenicillins represent alternative oral options in uncomplicated Enterobacteriaceae BSI. Oral azoles have been used for definitive therapy of Candida species BSI and are currently recommended by the international management guidelines. IMPLICATIONS Recent studies demonstrate that early transition from intravenous to oral therapy is a feasible and effective strategy in most patients with BSI due to Gram-negative bacteria, obligate anaerobic bacteria and Candida species. Oral antimicrobial combinations may be considered in select patients with complicated Gram-positive BSI after 10-14 days of intravenous therapy. Future studies will determine the role of oral agents for switch therapy in uncomplicated Gram-positive BSI.
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Thwaites GE, Scarborough M, Szubert A, Saramago Goncalves P, Soares M, Bostock J, Nsutebu E, Tilley R, Cunningham R, Greig J, Wyllie SA, Wilson P, Auckland C, Cairns J, Ward D, Lal P, Guleri A, Jenkins N, Sutton J, Wiselka M, Armando GR, Graham C, Chadwick PR, Barlow G, Gordon NC, Young B, Meisner S, McWhinney P, Price DA, Harvey D, Nayar D, Jeyaratnam D, Planche T, Minton J, Hudson F, Hopkins S, Williams J, Török ME, Llewelyn MJ, Edgeworth JD, Walker AS. Adjunctive rifampicin to reduce early mortality from Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: the ARREST RCT. Health Technol Assess 2019; 22:1-148. [PMID: 30382016 DOI: 10.3310/hta22590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia is a common and frequently fatal infection. Adjunctive rifampicin may enhance early S. aureus killing, sterilise infected foci and blood faster, and thereby reduce the risk of dissemination, metastatic infection and death. OBJECTIVES To determine whether or not adjunctive rifampicin reduces bacteriological (microbiologically confirmed) failure/recurrence or death through 12 weeks from randomisation. Secondary objectives included evaluating the impact of rifampicin on all-cause mortality, clinically defined failure/recurrence or death, toxicity, resistance emergence, and duration of bacteraemia; and assessing the cost-effectiveness of rifampicin. DESIGN Parallel-group, randomised (1 : 1), blinded, placebo-controlled multicentre trial. SETTING UK NHS trust hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Adult inpatients (≥ 18 years) with meticillin-resistant or susceptible S. aureus grown from one or more blood cultures, who had received < 96 hours of antibiotic therapy for the current infection, and without contraindications to rifampicin. INTERVENTIONS Adjunctive rifampicin (600-900 mg/day, oral or intravenous) or placebo for 14 days in addition to standard antibiotic therapy. Investigators and patients were blinded to trial treatment. Follow-up was for 12 weeks (assessments at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days, weekly until discharge and final assessment at 12 weeks post randomisation). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was all-cause bacteriological (microbiologically confirmed) failure/recurrence or death through 12 weeks from randomisation. RESULTS Between December 2012 and October 2016, 758 eligible participants from 29 UK hospitals were randomised: 370 to rifampicin and 388 to placebo. The median age was 65 years [interquartile range (IQR) 50-76 years]. A total of 485 (64.0%) infections were community acquired and 132 (17.4%) were nosocomial; 47 (6.2%) were caused by meticillin-resistant S. aureus. A total of 301 (39.7%) participants had an initial deep infection focus. Standard antibiotics were given for a median of 29 days (IQR 18-45 days) and 619 (81.7%) participants received flucloxacillin. By 12 weeks, 62 out of 370 (16.8%) patients taking rifampicin versus 71 out of 388 (18.3%) participants taking the placebo experienced bacteriological (microbiologically confirmed) failure/recurrence or died [absolute risk difference -1.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -7.0% to 4.3%; hazard ratio 0.96, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.35; p = 0.81]. There were 4 (1.1%) and 5 (1.3%) bacteriological failures (p = 0.82) in the rifampicin and placebo groups, respectively. There were 3 (0.8%) versus 16 (4.1%) bacteriological recurrences (p = 0.01), and 55 (14.9%) versus 50 (12.9%) deaths without bacteriological failure/recurrence (p = 0.30) in the rifampicin and placebo groups, respectively. Over 12 weeks, there was no evidence of differences in clinically defined failure/recurrence/death (p = 0.84), all-cause mortality (p = 0.60), serious (p = 0.17) or grade 3/4 (p = 0.36) adverse events (AEs). However, 63 (17.0%) participants in the rifampicin group versus 39 (10.1%) participants in the placebo group experienced antibiotic or trial drug-modifying AEs (p = 0.004), and 24 (6.5%) participants in the rifampicin group versus 6 (1.5%) participants in the placebo group experienced drug-interactions (p = 0.0005). Evaluation of the costs and health-related quality-of-life impacts revealed that an episode of S. aureus bacteraemia costs an average of £12,197 over 12 weeks. Rifampicin was estimated to save 10% of episode costs (p = 0.14). After adjustment, the effect of rifampicin on total quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) was positive (0.004 QALYs), but not statistically significant (standard error 0.004 QALYs). CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive rifampicin provided no overall benefit over standard antibiotic therapy in adults with S. aureus bacteraemia. FUTURE WORK Given the substantial mortality, other antibiotic combinations or improved source management should be investigated. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN37666216, EudraCT 2012-000344-10 and Clinical Trials Authorisation 00316/0243/001. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 22, No. 59. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy E Thwaites
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Alexander Szubert
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marta Soares
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jennifer Bostock
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emmanuel Nsutebu
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert Tilley
- Department of Microbiology, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Julia Greig
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah A Wyllie
- Microbiology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Peter Wilson
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Cressida Auckland
- Microbiology Department, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Janet Cairns
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Denise Ward
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pankaj Lal
- Microbiology Department, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Achyut Guleri
- Microbiology Department, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, UK
| | - Neil Jenkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julian Sutton
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin Wiselka
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Clive Graham
- Microbiology Department, North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cumbria, UK
| | - Paul R Chadwick
- Microbiology Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Gavin Barlow
- Department of Infection, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - N Claire Gordon
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bernadette Young
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Meisner
- Microbiology Department, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
| | - Paul McWhinney
- Microbiology Department, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - David A Price
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - David Harvey
- Microbiology Department, Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birkenhead, UK
| | - Deepa Nayar
- Microbiology Department, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Durham, UK
| | - Dakshika Jeyaratnam
- Department of Microbiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Timothy Planche
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane Minton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Fleur Hudson
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Hopkins
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John Williams
- Department of Infectious Diseases, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - M Estee Török
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin J Llewelyn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Jonathan D Edgeworth
- Department of Immunology, Infectious and Inflammatory diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Sarah Walker
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
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Hebeisen UP, Atkinson A, Marschall J, Buetti N. Catheter-related bloodstream infections with coagulase-negative staphylococci: are antibiotics necessary if the catheter is removed? Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:21. [PMID: 30719282 PMCID: PMC6352346 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) with coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are a common source of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. The main objective of this study was to elucidate the role of systemic antibiotic therapy in the setting of catheter removal in adult patients with CoNS-CRBSI. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients with CoNS-CRBSI diagnosed between 2008 and 2016 with follow-up for up to 12 months. The main inclusion criterion was a removed intravascular catheter with quantitative catheter tip culture growing CoNS and the same CoNS identified in the blood culture of a given patient. Outcomes were non-resolved infection (i.e. either presence of prolonged bacteremia or symptoms attributed to CoNS-CRBSI > 2 days after catheter removal), recurrence, mortality and length of hospitalization after catheter removal. We compared outcomes between a group with antibiotic treatment prescribed according to current IDSA guidelines (≥5 days, "treatment" group) and a "no-treatment" group. Results Our study population comprised 184 CoNS-CRBSI episodes. Seventy-six percent received antibiotic treatment ≥5 days, while 17% did not receive therapy. Non-resolved infections were absent from the patients who did not receive antibiotics. Severe neutropenia, hematologic cancer and immunosuppression were significantly more frequent in the treatment group. The subgroup analysis with 32 matched pairs showed no significant difference in frequency of non-resolved infection (0% in the no-treatment vs 15.6% in the ≥5 days treatment group, p = 0.06). The remaining outcomes were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Our findings indicate that withholding antimicrobial therapy in CoNS-CRBSI is neither associated with short-term complications nor with long-term recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Patricia Hebeisen
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Atkinson
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.,2Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Marschall
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Niccolò Buetti
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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50
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Giannella M, Pascale R, Ferraro G, Toschi A, Pancaldi L, Furii F, Bartoletti M, Tedeschi S, Ambretti S, Lewis RE, Viale P. Risk factors for treatment failure in patients receiving β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations for Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infection: A retrospective, single-centre, cohort study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 53:574-581. [PMID: 30639527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for treatment failure in patients receiving in vitro-active therapy with β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) for Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infection (E-BSI). This was a retrospective, single-centre study of patients diagnosed with E-BSI at an Italian centre over a 4-year period. Exclusion criteria were age <18 years, clinical data unavailable, polymicrobial BSI, failure to receive in vitro-active therapy and death within 72 h from drawing the index blood culture. Patients who received BL/BLI as appropriate empirical and/or definitive therapy for ≥50% of the total treatment duration were selected. The primary endpoint was all-cause 30-day mortality. The secondary endpoint was 90-day relapse. Of 1319 eligible patients, 835 were selected. A total of 714 received BL/BLI as appropriate empirical therapy, of whom 522 remained on BL/BLI as definitive therapy and 192 shifted to another antibiotic for <50% of the treatment duration; 121 received BL/BLI as definitive therapy only. Non-susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (NS-ESCs) was detected in 207 episodes (24.8%). All-cause 30-day mortality was 6.8%. In multivariate analysis adjusted for NS-ESC, independent predictors of mortality were Charlson comorbidity index, septic shock, Proteus spp. and CVC-related BSI, whilst urinary source was a protective factor. The 90-day relapse rate was 4.2%. Immunosuppression was the main independent predictor for relapse. BL/BLI was the most common antibiotic administered to patients with E-BSI in this cohort. Among patients appropriately treated with BL/BLI, failure rates were low and were primarily associated with underlying diseases, clinical severity at BSI onset and infection source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Giannella
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Renato Pascale
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Toschi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Livia Pancaldi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Furii
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Bartoletti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Tedeschi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Ambretti
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Russell Edward Lewis
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Viale
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40137 Bologna, Italy
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