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Ivanusic D, Maier J, Icli S, Falcone V, Bernauer H, Bannert N. tANCHOR-cell-based assay for monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies rapidly adaptive to various receptor-binding domains. iScience 2024; 27:109123. [PMID: 38380248 PMCID: PMC10877956 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional neutralizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mimic the protein-protein interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD). However, an easy and rapidly adaptative ELISA-based system for testing neutralizing antibodies against upcoming SARS-CoV-2 variants is urgently needed. In this study, we closed this gap by developing a tANCHOR-cell-based RBD neutralization assay that avoids time-consuming protein expression and purification followed by coating on ELISA plates. This cell-based assay can be rapidly adopted to monitor neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against upcoming SARS-CoV-2 variants. We show that the results obtained with the tANCHOR-cell-based assay system strongly correlate with commercially available surrogate assays for testing NAbs. Moreover, this technique can directly measure binding between cell-surface-exposed RBDs and soluble ACE2. With this technique, the degree of antibody escape elicited by emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in current vaccination regimens can be determined rapidly and reliably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ivanusic
- Sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens and HIV (FG18), Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Maier
- ATG:biosynthetics GmbH, 79249 Merzhausen, Germany
| | - Suheda Icli
- Sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens and HIV (FG18), Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Bannert
- Sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens and HIV (FG18), Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Chen SY, Lin CY, Chi H, Weng SL, Li ST, Tai YL, Huang YN, Huang H, Lin CH, Chiu NC. The Effectiveness of Bivalent COVID-19 Vaccination: A Preliminary Report. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2094. [PMID: 37895475 PMCID: PMC10608313 DOI: 10.3390/life13102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has been a game-changer in the long battle against COVID-19. However, waning vaccine-induced immunity and the immune evasion of emerging variants create challenges. The rapid-fire development of bivalent vaccines (BVs), comprising ancestral strains and a new variant, was authorized to prevent COVID-19, but the effectiveness of the updated vaccines remains largely unclear. Electronic databases were searched to investigate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of BVs in humans. As of March 2023, 20 trials were identified. Compared with monovalent vaccination, the induced immunogenicity against ancestral strains was similar. The BVs demonstrated approximately 33-50% higher immunogenicity values against additional variant strains. An observational cohort study showed the additional clinical effectiveness of the BVs. The adverse events were similar. In conclusion, our systematic review found that the BVs had equal immunogenicity against ancestral strains without safety concerns. Approximately 33-50% increased additional antibody titers and clinical effectiveness against additional variant strains were observed in subjects with a BV vaccine with moderate heterogeneity, especially for BA.1-containing BVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Yu Chen
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
- Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children’s Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
- Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children’s Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Chi
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
- MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Long Weng
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
- Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children’s Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tse Li
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
- Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children’s Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Tai
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
- Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children’s Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ning Huang
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
- Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children’s Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang Huang
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
- Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children’s Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsu Lin
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
- Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children’s Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Chang Chiu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
- MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
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Pather S, Muik A, Rizzi R, Mensa F. Clinical development of variant-adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines: the early Omicron era. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:650-661. [PMID: 37417000 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2232851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Omicron BA.1 variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and subsequent sub-lineages exhibit partial escape from neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccines containing or encoding wild-type spike protein. In response to the emergence of Omicron sub-lineages, variant-adapted vaccines that contain or encode for Omicron spike protein components have been developed. AREAS COVERED This review presents currently available clinical immunogenicity and safety data on Omicron variant-adapted versions of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine and summarizes the expected mechanism of action, and rationale for development, of these vaccines. In addition, challenges encountered during development and regulatory approval are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Omicron-adapted BNT162b2 vaccines provide a wider breadth and potentially more durable protection against Omicron sub-lineages and antigenically aligned variants when compared with the original vaccine. As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, further vaccine updates may be required. To facilitate this, a globally harmonized regulatory process for the transition to updated vaccines is needed. Next-generation vaccine approaches may provide broader protection against future variants.
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