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Augustin M, Wenzel AS, Licata-Dandel M, Breeman LD, Bilgin A, Wolke D, Ziegler M, Mall V, Friedmann A. App-based intervention for parents of children with crying, sleeping, and feeding problems: Usability, usefulness and implications for improvement. Internet Interv 2024; 35:100700. [PMID: 38221943 PMCID: PMC10784306 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of evidence-based app guidance for parents of children with crying, sleeping, and feeding problems who are often highly burdened and not likely to seek professional help. A new psychoeducational app for parents providing scientifically sound information via text and videos, a diary function, selfcare strategies, a chat forum and a regional directory of specialized counseling centers may serve as a low-threshold intervention for this target group. Objective We investigated how parents perceived the app in terms of the following: (1) overall impression and usability, (2) feedback on specific app functions regarding usefulness and (3) possible future improvements. Methods Our clinical sample of N = 137 parents of children aged from 0 to 24 months was recruited from a cry baby outpatient clinic in Southern Germany between 2019 and 2022. A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used to collect and analyse cross-sectional data on app evaluation. After app use within the framework of a clinical trial, parents filled in an app evaluation questionnaire. Results Most participants used the app at least once a week (86, 62.8 %) over an average period of 19.06 days (SD = 15.00). Participants rated overall impression and usability as good, and the informational texts, expert videos and regional register of counseling centers as appealing and useful. The diary function and chat forum were found to be helpful in theory, but improvements in implementation were requested, such as a timer function for the diary entry. Regarding future functionality, parents posed several suggestions such as the option to contact counseling centers directly via app, and the inclusion of the profile of their partners. Conclusions Positive ratings of overall impression, usability, and specific app functions are important prerequisites for the app to be effective. App-based guidance for this target group should include easy-to-use information. The app is intended to serve as a secondary preventive low-threshold offer and to complement professional counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Augustin
- Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Heiglhofstr. 65, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Sophie Wenzel
- Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Heiglhofstr. 65, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Licata-Dandel
- Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Heiglhofstr. 65, 81377 Munich, Germany
- kbo-Kinderzentrum Munich, Heiglhofstr. 65, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Charlotte-Fresenius-University, Infanteriestr.11a, 80797 Munich, Germany
| | - Linda D. Breeman
- Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ayten Bilgin
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7HL, United Kingdom
| | - Margret Ziegler
- kbo-Kinderzentrum Munich, Heiglhofstr. 65, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Mall
- Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Heiglhofstr. 65, 81377 Munich, Germany
- kbo-Kinderzentrum Munich, Heiglhofstr. 65, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Friedmann
- Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Heiglhofstr. 65, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Reviewing the features and functionalities of contraception mPHRs. HEALTH POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2022.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Summers C, Wu P, Taylor AJG. Supporting Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using a Digital Behavior Change Intervention: An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Pre-Post Intervention Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e31273. [PMID: 34459740 PMCID: PMC8496681 DOI: 10.2196/31273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is taking a toll on people’s mental health, particularly as people are advised to adhere to social distancing, self-isolation measures, and government-imposed national lockdowns. Digital health technologies have an important role to play in keeping people connected and in supporting their mental health and well-being. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health and social services were already strained. Objective Our objective was to evaluate the 12-week outcomes of the digitally delivered Gro Health intervention, a holistic digital behavior change app designed for self-management of mental well-being, sleep, activity, and nutrition. Methods The study used a quasi-experimental research design consisting of an open-label, single-arm, pre-post intervention engagement using a convenience sample. Adults who had joined the Gro Health app (intervention) and had a complete baseline dataset (ie, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire) were followed up at 12 weeks (n=273), including 33 (12.1%) app users who reported a positive COVID-19 diagnosis during the study period. User engagement with the Gro Health platform was tracked by measuring total minutes of app engagement. Paired t tests were used to compare pre-post intervention scores. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between minutes of active engagement with the Gro Health app and changes in scores across the different mental health measures. Results Of the 347 study participants, 273 (78.67%) completed both the baseline and follow-up surveys. Changes in scores for anxiety, perceived stress, and depression were predicted by app engagement, with the strongest effect observed for changes in perceived stress score (F1,271=251.397; R2=0.479; P<.001). Conclusions A digital behavior change platform that provides remote mental well-being support can be effective in managing depression, anxiety, and perceived stress during times of crisis such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. The outcomes of this study may also support the implementation of remote digital health apps supporting behavior change and providing support for low levels of mental health within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Wu
- School of Management, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
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Kharbouch M, Idri A, Rachad T, Alami H, Redman L, Stelate Y. Mobile Technology for Improved Contraceptive Care in Morocco. J Med Syst 2021; 45:16. [PMID: 33426595 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-020-01684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The fulfillment of unmet needs for contraception can help women reach their reproductive goals. Therefore, there is a growing concern worldwide about contraception and women's knowledge of making an advised choice about it. In this aspect, an outgrown number of apps are now available providing information concerning contraception whether it concerns natural contraception or modern contraception. However, vast amounts of these apps contain inaccurate sexual health facts and non-evidence-based information concerning contraception. On these bases, and in respect to: (1) the needs of women to effectively prevent unintended pregnancies while conducting a stress-free healthy lifestyle. (2) the World Health Organization (WHO) Medical Eligibility Criteria (MEC) for contraception's recommendations, and (3) the results/recommendations of a field study conducted in the reproductive health center 'Les Orangers' in Rabat to collect the app's requirements, we developed an evidence-based patient-centered contraceptive app referred to as 'MyContraception'. Thereafter, we conducted a set of functional tests to ensure that the MyContraception solution is performing as expected and is conform to the software functional requirements previously set before moving to non-functional requirements evaluation. Since customer's feedback is valuable to non-functional testing, we choose to evaluate potential users' feedback. Moreover, giving that mobile app testing is a complex process involving different skill sets, we elaborated a rigorous experimental design to conduct an empirical evaluation of the MyContraception solution, which will exhaustively assess the overall quality of this solution and examine its effects on improving the quality of patient-centered contraception care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Kharbouch
- Software Project Management Research Team, Department of Web and Mobile Engineering, ENSIAS, Mohamed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ali Idri
- Software Project Management Research Team, Department of Web and Mobile Engineering, ENSIAS, Mohamed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco. .,MSDA, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Taoufik Rachad
- Software Project Management Research Team, Department of Web and Mobile Engineering, ENSIAS, Mohamed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hassan Alami
- Faculty of Medicine, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Leanne Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Youssef Stelate
- Software Project Management Research Team, Department of Web and Mobile Engineering, ENSIAS, Mohamed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Halminen O, Chen A, Tenhunen H, Lillrank P. Demonstrating the value of digital health: Guidance on contextual evidence gathering for companies in different stages of maturity. Health Serv Manage Res 2020; 34:13-20. [PMID: 33291977 DOI: 10.1177/0951484820971447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Application of value-based healthcare policies affects all actors in social and health care field, including the Digital Health Intervention (DHI) providers aiming to enter the industry or expand their market. Apparent lack of fit between evidence and expectations inhibits the growth of DHI companies. The companies need efficient and credible methods to access and demonstrate the value of their DHIs. Building on the stage-of-maturity logic presented in World Health Organization's (WHO) guide of monitoring and evaluating digital health interventions and Context-Intervention-Mechanism-Outcome (CIMO) logic, we provide a potential approach for DHI companies to assess the evidence needed in their current situation. The proposed approach takes into account the company's future development goals and the business environment, reflecting for every stage of technology maturity according to the WHO guidelines and through the CIMO lens. The focus is on specific intervention and its fit for different organizational and national contexts. The solution guides the research process of the company to understand which evidence-gathering topics should be addressed. This evidence can be beneficial for companies to enter into, occupy, expand or sustain in the domestic or international market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Halminen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - An Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Henni Tenhunen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Paul Lillrank
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Drissi N, Ouhbi S, Janati Idrissi MA, Ghogho M. An analysis on self-management and treatment-related functionality and characteristics of highly rated anxiety apps. Int J Med Inform 2020; 141:104243. [PMID: 32768994 PMCID: PMC7391980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Anxiety is a common emotion that people often feel in certain situations. But when the feeling of anxiety is persistent and interferes with a person's day to day life then this may likely be an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders are a common issue worldwide and can fall under general anxiety, panic attacks, and social anxiety among others. They can be disabling and can impact all aspects of an individual's life, including work, education, and personal relationships. It is important that people with anxiety receive appropriate care, which in some cases may prove difficult due to mental health care delivery barriers such as cost, stigma, or distance from mental health services. A potential solution to this could be mobile mental health applications. These can serve as effective and promising tools to assist in the management of anxiety and to overcome some of the aforementioned barriers. The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of treatment and management-related functionality and characteristics of high-rated mobile applications (apps) for anxiety, which are available for Android and iOS systems. METHOD A broad search was performed in the Google Play Store and App Store following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol to identify existing apps for anxiety. A set of free and highly rated apps for anxiety were identified and the selected apps were then installed and analyzed according to a predefined data extraction strategy. RESULTS A total of 167 anxiety apps were selected (123 Android apps and 44 iOS apps). Besides anxiety, the selected apps addressed several health issues including stress, depression, sleep issues, and eating disorders. The apps adopted various treatment and management approaches such as meditation, breathing exercises, mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy. Results also showed that 51% of the selected apps used various gamification features to motivate users to keep using them, 32% provided social features including chat, communication with others and links to sources of help; 46% offered offline availability; and only 19% reported involvement of mental health professionals in their design. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety apps incorporate various mental health care management methods and approaches. Apps can serve as promising tools to assist large numbers of people suffering from general anxiety or from anxiety disorders, anytime, anywhere, and particularly in the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Drissi
- Dept of Computer Science & Software Engineering, CIT, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE; ENSIAS, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Sofia Ouhbi
- Dept of Computer Science & Software Engineering, CIT, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE.
| | | | - Mounir Ghogho
- TICLab, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
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Drissi N, Ouhbi S, Idtissi MAJ, Ghogho M. Mobile Apps for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:4279-4282. [PMID: 31946814 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental disorder that is caused by exposure to traumatic stress and not being able to recover from it. PTSD often results in a severe reduction of the quality of life, and is significantly associated with the risk of suicide. This paper identifies the current list of free mobile applications (apps) available in Android platform for smartphone users with PTSD. This paper also assesses the functionalities of the apps selected. The result of this study may assist PTSD apps seekers for self-support, and serve as a reference for researchers and developers, who intend proposing stress management apps.
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8
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Sardi L, Idri A, Redman LM, Alami H, Bezad R, Fernández-Alemán JL. Mobile health applications for postnatal care: Review and analysis of functionalities and technical features. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 184:105114. [PMID: 31655305 PMCID: PMC9052424 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing a continuum of care from antenatal, childbirth and postnatal period results in reduced maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Timely, high quality postnatal care is crucial for maximizing maternal and newborn health. In this vein, the use of postnatal mobile applications constitutes a promising strategy. METHODS A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) protocol was adopted to perform the selection, data extraction and functional evaluation of the available postnatal apps on iOS and Android platforms. The analysis of the functionalities and technical features of the apps selected was performed according to a 37-items assessment questionnaire developed on the basis of the scientific literature of postnatal care and a preliminary analysis of available postnatal apps RESULTS: A total of 48 postnatal apps were retrieved from the app repositories of the iOS and Android platforms. The results of the functional content analysis show that the postnatal apps selected relatively achieved low scores owing to the complexity and the ramification of the postnatal care. CONCLUSIONS The present study helps in identifying areas related to the postnatal care that require further endeavors to be properly addressed. It also provides directions for developers to leverage the advancement and innovation on mobile technology to build complete and well-suited postnatal apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamyae Sardi
- Software Project Management Research Team, ENSIAS, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Ali Idri
- Software Project Management Research Team, ENSIAS, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Complex Systems Engineering, University Mohamed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Lab, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Hassan Alami
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Maternity Les orangers, University Hospital of Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Rachid Bezad
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Maternity Les orangers, University Hospital of Rabat, Morocco.
| | - José Luis Fernández-Alemán
- Department of Informatics and Systems, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Kharbouch M, Idri A, Redman L, Alami H, Fernández-Alemán JL, Toval A. Software Requirement Catalog on Acceptability, Usability, Internationalization and Sustainability for Contraception mPHRs. COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS – ICCSA 2020 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58811-3_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Mayordomo-Martínez D, Carrillo-de-Gea JM, García-Mateos G, García-Berná JA, Fernández-Alemán JL, Rosero-López S, Parada-Sarabia S, García-Hernández M. Sustainable Accessibility: A Mobile App for Helping People with Disabilities to Search Accessible Shops. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E620. [PMID: 30791577 PMCID: PMC6406930 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
People with motor disabilities must face many barriers and obstacles in their daily lives, making it difficult to perform everyday tasks. The purpose of this work is to improve their living conditions by providing an app with accessibility information in an updated, reliable and friendly form. The development of the system integrates national and regional accessibility regulations, architectural aspects, with an extensive field work, and a sustainable software process. The levels of accessibility and the requirements of the application are defined in the first phases of the project. The field work included the evaluation of 357 commercial establishments in the city of Murcia, Spain, showing that only 25% have a good accessibility, 40% are practicable with help, and 35% are inaccessible shops. The proposed system achieves its objectives of being sustainable and helping in the accessibility. Besides, the system can be a great incentive for businesses to improve their accessibility conditions. In conclusion, new technologies must have a much more active role in the promotion of universal accessibility. These tools must also consider the necessary requirements of sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Mayordomo-Martínez
- Department of Structures and Construction, Technical University of Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena (Murcia), Spain.
| | | | - Ginés García-Mateos
- Department of Computer Science and Systems, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - José A García-Berná
- Department of Computer Science and Systems, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Saúl Rosero-López
- Department of Computer Science and Systems, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Salvador Parada-Sarabia
- Federación de Asociaciones Murcianas de Personas con Discapacidad Física y Orgánica, 30005 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Manuel García-Hernández
- Federación de Asociaciones Murcianas de Personas con Discapacidad Física y Orgánica, 30005 Murcia, Spain.
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Bachiri M, Idri A, Fernández-Alemán JL, Toval A. Evaluating the Privacy Policies of Mobile Personal Health Records for Pregnancy Monitoring. J Med Syst 2018; 42:144. [PMID: 29959535 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-018-1002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mobile personal health record (mPHR) for pregnancy monitoring allows the pregnant woman to track and manage her personal health data. However, owing to the privacy and security issues that may threaten the exchange of this sensitive data, a privacy policy should be established. The aim of this study is to evaluate the privacy policies of 19 mPHRs for pregnancy monitoring (12 for iOS and 7 for Android) using a template covering the characteristics of privacy, security, and standards and regulations. The findings of this study show that none of the privacy policies evaluated entirely comply with the characteristics studied. The developers of mPHRs for pregnancy monitoring are, therefore, requested to improve and pay more attention to the structure and the content of the privacy policies of their apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Bachiri
- Software Project Management research team, ENSIAS, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Ali Idri
- Software Project Management research team, ENSIAS, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Ambrosio Toval
- Department of Informatics and Systems, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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12
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Reusable Software Usability Specifications for mHealth Applications. J Med Syst 2018; 42:45. [PMID: 29372420 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-018-0902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the key factors for the adoption of mobile technologies, and in particular of mobile health applications, is usability. A usable application will be easier to use and understand by users, and will improve user's interaction with it. This paper proposes a software requirements catalog for usable mobile health applications, which can be used for the development of new applications, or the evaluation of existing ones. The catalog is based on the main identified sources in literature on usability and mobile health applications. Our catalog was organized according to the ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2011 standard and follows the SIREN methodology to create reusable catalogs. The applicability of the catalog was verified by the creation of an audit method, which was used to perform the evaluation of a real app, S Health, application created by Samsung Electronics Co. The usability requirements catalog, along with the audit method, identified several usability flaws on the evaluated app, which scored 83%. Some flaws were detected in the app related to the navigation pattern. Some more issues related to the startup experience, empty screens or writing style were also found. The way a user navigates through an application improves or deteriorates user's experience with the application. We proposed a reusable usability catalog and an audit method. This proposal was used to evaluate a mobile health application. An audit report was created with the usability issues identified on the evaluated application.
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