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Faeed M, Ghiasvand M, Fareghzadeh B, Taghiyar L. Osteochondral organoids: current advances, applications, and upcoming challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:183. [PMID: 38902814 PMCID: PMC11191177 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of studying joint-related diseases, there is a continuous quest for more accurate and representative models. Recently, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have seen a growing interest in utilizing organoids as powerful tools for studying complex biological systems in vitro. Organoids, three-dimensional structures replicating the architecture and function of organs, provide a unique platform for investigating disease mechanisms, drug responses, and tissue regeneration. The surge in organoid research is fueled by the need for physiologically relevant models to bridge the gap between traditional cell cultures and in vivo studies. Osteochondral organoids have emerged as a promising avenue in this pursuit, offering a better platform to mimic the intricate biological interactions within bone and cartilage. This review explores the significance of osteochondral organoids and the need for their development in advancing our understanding and treatment of bone and cartilage-related diseases. It summarizes osteochondral organoids' insights and research progress, focusing on their composition, materials, cell sources, and cultivation methods, as well as the concept of organoids on chips and application scenarios. Additionally, we address the limitations and challenges these organoids face, emphasizing the necessity for further research to overcome these obstacles and facilitate orthopedic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Faeed
- Cell and Molecular School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghiasvand
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Fareghzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Taghiyar
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Tang C, Wang X, Gentleman E, Kurniawan NA. Production of Neuroepithelial Organoids from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Mimicking Early Neural Tube Development. Methods Mol Biol 2024. [PMID: 38647865 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2024_546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Organoids have emerged as robust tools for unravelling the mechanisms that underly tissue development. They also serve as important in vitro systems for studying fundamentals of stem cell behavior and for building advanced disease models. During early development, a crucial step in the formation of the central nervous system is patterning of the neural tube dorsal-ventral (DV) axis. Here we describe a simple and rapid culture protocol to produce human neuroepithelial (NE) cysts and DV-patterned organoids from single human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Rather than being embedded within a matrix, hiPSCs undergo a 5-day differentiation process in medium containing soluble extracellular matrix and are allowed to self-organize into 3D cysts with defined central lumen structures that express early neuroepithelial markers. Moreover, upon stimulation with sonic hedgehog proteins and all-trans retinoic acid, NE cysts further develop into NE organoids with DV patterning. This rapid generation of patterned NE organoids using simple culture conditions enables mimicking, monitoring, and longitudinal manipulation of NE cell behavior. This straightforward culture system makes NE organoids a tractable model for studying neural stem cell self-organization and early neural tube developmental events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Xinghui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas A Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Tang C, Wang X, D'Urso M, van der Putten C, Kurniawan NA. 3D Interfacial and Spatiotemporal Regulation of Human Neuroepithelial Organoids. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201106. [PMID: 35667878 PMCID: PMC9353482 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuroepithelial (NE) organoids with dorsal-ventral patterning provide a useful three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model to interrogate neural tube formation during early development of the central nervous system. Understanding the fundamental processes behind the cellular self-organization in NE organoids holds the key to the engineering of organoids with higher, more in vivo-like complexity. However, little is known about the cellular regulation driving the NE development, especially in the presence of interfacial cues from the microenvironment. Here a simple 3D culture system that allows generation and manipulation of NE organoids from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), displaying developmental phases of hiPSC differentiation and self-aggregation, first into NE cysts with lumen structure and then toward NE organoids with floor-plate patterning, is established. Longitudinal inhibition reveals distinct and dynamic roles of actomyosin contractility and yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling in governing these phases. By growing NE organoids on culture chips containing anisotropic surfaces or confining microniches, it is further demonstrated that interfacial cues can sensitively exert dimension-dependent influence on luminal cyst and organoid morphology, successful floor-plate patterning, as well as cytoskeletal regulation and YAP activity. This study therefore sheds new light on how organoid and tissue architecture can be steered through intracellular and extracellular means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Tang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsPO Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsPO Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Mirko D'Urso
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsPO Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Cas van der Putten
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsPO Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A. Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsPO Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
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Silva AC, Matthys OB, Joy DA, Kauss MA, Natarajan V, Lai MH, Turaga D, Blair AP, Alexanian M, Bruneau BG, McDevitt TC. Co-emergence of cardiac and gut tissues promotes cardiomyocyte maturation within human iPSC-derived organoids. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:2137-2152.e6. [PMID: 34861147 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, paracrine signaling between tissues in close proximity contributes to the determination of their respective cell fate(s) and development into functional organs. Organoids are in vitro models that mimic organ formation and cellular heterogeneity, but lack the paracrine input of surrounding tissues. Here, we describe a human multilineage iPSC-derived organoid that recapitulates cooperative cardiac and gut development and maturation, with extensive cellular and structural complexity in both tissues. We demonstrate that the presence of endoderm tissue (gut/intestine) in the organoids contributed to the development of cardiac tissue features characteristic of stages after heart tube formation, including cardiomyocyte expansion, compartmentalization, enrichment of atrial/nodal cells, myocardial compaction, and fetal-like functional maturation. Overall, this study demonstrates the ability to generate and mature cooperative tissues originating from different germ lineages within a single organoid model, an advance that will further the examination of multi-tissue interactions during development, physiological maturation, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Silva
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Oriane B Matthys
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David A Joy
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mara A Kauss
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Vernerey FJ, Lalitha Sridhar S, Muralidharan A, Bryant SJ. Mechanics of 3D Cell-Hydrogel Interactions: Experiments, Models, and Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11085-11148. [PMID: 34473466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are highly water-swollen molecular networks that are ideal platforms to create tissue mimetics owing to their vast and tunable properties. As such, hydrogels are promising cell-delivery vehicles for applications in tissue engineering and have also emerged as an important base for ex vivo models to study healthy and pathophysiological events in a carefully controlled three-dimensional environment. Cells are readily encapsulated in hydrogels resulting in a plethora of biochemical and mechanical communication mechanisms, which recapitulates the natural cell and extracellular matrix interaction in tissues. These interactions are complex, with multiple events that are invariably coupled and spanning multiple length and time scales. To study and identify the underlying mechanisms involved, an integrated experimental and computational approach is ideally needed. This review discusses the state of our knowledge on cell-hydrogel interactions, with a focus on mechanics and transport, and in this context, highlights recent advancements in experiments, mathematical and computational modeling. The review begins with a background on the thermodynamics and physics fundamentals that govern hydrogel mechanics and transport. The review focuses on two main classes of hydrogels, described as semiflexible polymer networks that represent physically cross-linked fibrous hydrogels and flexible polymer networks representing the chemically cross-linked synthetic and natural hydrogels. In this review, we highlight five main cell-hydrogel interactions that involve key cellular functions related to communication, mechanosensing, migration, growth, and tissue deposition and elaboration. For each of these cellular functions, recent experiments and the most up to date modeling strategies are discussed and then followed by a summary of how to tune hydrogel properties to achieve a desired functional cellular outcome. We conclude with a summary linking these advancements and make the case for the need to integrate experiments and modeling to advance our fundamental understanding of cell-matrix interactions that will ultimately help identify new therapeutic approaches and enable successful tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck J Vernerey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-613, United States
| | - Shankar Lalitha Sridhar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Archish Muralidharan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-613, United States
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-613, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
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Charelli LE, Ferreira JPD, Naveira-Cotta CP, Balbino TA. Engineering mechanobiology through organoids-on-chip: A strategy to boost therapeutics. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:883-899. [PMID: 34339588 DOI: 10.1002/term.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical environment of living cells is as critical as chemical signaling. Mechanical stimuli play a pivotal role in organogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Unbalances in mechanotransduction pathways often lead to diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite its inherent relevance, there is a lack of proper mechanoresponsive in vitro study systems. In this context, there is an urge to engineer innovative, robust, dynamic, and reliable organotypic technologies to better connect cellular processes to organ-level function and multi-tissue cross-talk. Mechanically active organoid-on-chip has the potential to surpass this challenge. These systems converge microfabrication, microfluidics, biophysics, and tissue engineering fields to emulate key features of living organisms, hence, reducing costs, time, and animal testing. In this review, we intended to present cutting-edge organ-on-chip platforms that integrate biomechanical stimuli as well as novel multicellular culture, such as organoids. We focused on its application in two main fields: precision medicine and drug development. Moreover, we also discussed the state of the art for the development of an engineered model to assess patient-derived tumor organoid metastatic potential. Finally, we highlighted the current drawbacks and emerging opportunities to match the industry needs. We envision the use of mechanoresponsive organotypic-on-chip microdevices as an indispensable tool for precision medicine, drug development, disease modeling, tissue engineering, and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia E Charelli
- Nanotechnology Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Mechanical Engineering Department POLI & COPPE/UFRJ, Laboratory of Nano & Microfluidics and Microsystems-LabMEMS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João P D Ferreira
- Undergraduate Program in Nanotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina P Naveira-Cotta
- Mechanical Engineering Department POLI & COPPE/UFRJ, Laboratory of Nano & Microfluidics and Microsystems-LabMEMS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago A Balbino
- Nanotechnology Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Dios-Figueroa GT, Aguilera-Marquez JDR, Camacho-Villegas TA, Lugo-Fabres PH. 3D Cell Culture Models in COVID-19 Times: A Review of 3D Technologies to Understand and Accelerate Therapeutic Drug Discovery. Biomedicines 2021; 9:602. [PMID: 34073231 PMCID: PMC8226796 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, emerging viruses have become a worldwide concern. The fast and extensive spread of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has impacted the economy and human activity worldwide, highlighting the human vulnerability to infectious diseases and the need to develop and optimize technologies to tackle them. The three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models emulate major tissue characteristics such as the in vivo virus-host interactions. These systems may help to generate a quick response to confront new viruses, establish a reliable evaluation of the pathophysiology, and contribute to therapeutic drug evaluation in pandemic situations such as the one that humanity is living through today. This review describes different types of 3D cell culture models, such as spheroids, scaffolds, organoids, and organs-on-a-chip, that are used in virus research, including those used to understand the new severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Tonantzin de Dios-Figueroa
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de las Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, Mexico; (G.T.d.D.-F.); (J.d.R.A.-M.)
| | - Janette del Rocío Aguilera-Marquez
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de las Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, Mexico; (G.T.d.D.-F.); (J.d.R.A.-M.)
| | - Tanya A. Camacho-Villegas
- CONACYT-Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de las Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, Mexico;
| | - Pavel H. Lugo-Fabres
- CONACYT-Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de las Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, Mexico;
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Khurana P, Kolundzic N, Flohr C, Ilic D. Human pluripotent stem cells: An alternative for 3D in vitro modelling of skin disease. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1572-1587. [PMID: 33864704 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To effectively study the skin and its pathology, various platforms have been used to date, with in vitro 3D skin models being considered the future gold standard. These models have generally been engineered from primary cell lines. However, their short life span leading to the use of various donors, imposes issues with genetic variation. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-technology holds great prospects as an alternative to the use of primary cell lines to study the pathophysiology of human skin diseases. This is due to their potential to generate an unlimited number of genetically identical skin models that closely mimic the complexity of in vivo human skin. During the past decade, researchers have therefore started to use human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hESC/iPSC) to derive skin resident-like cells and components. These have subsequently been used to engineer hPSC-derived 3D skin models. In this review, we focus on the advantages, recent developments, and future perspectives in using hPSCs as an alternative cell source for modelling human skin diseases in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Khurana
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nikola Kolundzic
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Carsten Flohr
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dusko Ilic
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Truskey GA, Fu J. The future of biomedical engineering: Bioengineering of organoids and tissue development. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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