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Brogini S, Crovace A, Piccininni A, Serratore G, Marchiori G, Maglio M, Guglielmi P, Cusanno A, De Napoli L, Conte R, Fini M, Ambrogio G, Palumbo G, Giavaresi G. In vivo validation of highly customized cranial Ti-6AL-4V ELI prostheses fabricated through incremental forming and superplastic forming: an ovine model study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7959. [PMID: 38575608 PMCID: PMC10995190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cranial reconstructions are essential for restoring both function and aesthetics in patients with craniofacial deformities or traumatic injuries. Titanium prostheses have gained popularity due to their biocompatibility, strength, and corrosion resistance. The use of Superplastic Forming (SPF) and Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) techniques to create titanium prostheses, specifically designed for cranial reconstructions was investigated in an ovine model through microtomographic and histomorphometric analyses. The results obtained from the explanted specimens revealed significant variations in bone volume, trabecular thickness, spacing, and number across different regions of interest (VOIs or ROIs). Those regions next to the center of the cranial defect exhibited the most immature bone, characterized by higher porosity, decreased trabecular thickness, and wider trabecular spacing. Dynamic histomorphometry demonstrated differences in the mineralizing surface to bone surface ratio (MS/BS) and mineral apposition rate (MAR) depending on the timing of fluorochrome administration. A layer of connective tissue separated the prosthesis and the bone tissue. Overall, the study provided validation for the use of cranial prostheses made using SPF and SPIF techniques, offering insights into the processes of bone formation and remodeling in the implanted ovine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Brogini
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Crovace
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Piccininni
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Serratore
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Energetica e Gestionale, Università Della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 45C, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Gregorio Marchiori
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melania Maglio
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Guglielmi
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Cusanno
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi De Napoli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Energetica e Gestionale, Università Della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 45C, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Romina Conte
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Energetica e Gestionale, Università Della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 45C, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Direzione Scientifica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ambrogio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Energetica e Gestionale, Università Della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 45C, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, Bologna, Italy
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Santos V, Uddin M, Hall C. Mechanical Surface Treatments for Controlling Surface Integrity and Corrosion Resistance of Mg Alloy Implants: A Review. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050242. [PMID: 37233352 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper aims to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art mechanical surface modification technologies and their response in terms of surface roughness, surface texture, and microstructural change due to cold work-hardening, affecting the surface integrity and corrosion resistance of different Mg alloys. The process mechanics of five main treatment strategies, namely, shot peening, surface mechanical attrition treatment, laser shock peening, ball burnishing, and ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification, were discussed. The influence of the process parameters on plastic deformation and degradation characteristics was thoroughly reviewed and compared from the perspectives of surface roughness, grain modification, hardness, residual stress, and corrosion resistance over short- and long-term periods. Potential and advances in new and emerging hybrid and in-situ surface treatment strategies were comprehensively eluded and summarised. This review takes a holistic approach to identifying the fundamentals, pros, and cons of each process, thereby contributing to bridging the current gap and challenge in surface modification technology for Mg alloys. To conclude, a brief summary and future outlook resulting from the discussion were presented. The findings would offer a useful insight and guide for researchers to focus on developing new surface treatment routes to resolve surface integrity and early degradation problems for successful application of biodegradable Mg alloy implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Santos
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Mohammad Uddin
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Colin Hall
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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Magnesium-Based Alloys Used in Orthopedic Surgery. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031148. [PMID: 35161092 PMCID: PMC8840615 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys have become an important category of materials that is attracting more and more attention due to their high potential use as orthopedic temporary implants. These alloys are a viable alternative to nondegradable metals implants in orthopedics. In this paper, a detailed overview covering alloy development and manufacturing techniques is described. Further, important attributes for Mg-based alloys involved in orthopedic implants fabrication, physiological and toxicological effects of each alloying element, mechanical properties, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis of Mg are presented. A section detailing the main biocompatible Mg-based alloys, with examples of mechanical properties, degradation behavior, and cytotoxicity tests related to in vitro experiments, is also provided. Special attention is given to animal testing, and the clinical translation is also reviewed, focusing on the main clinical cases that were conducted under human use approval.
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