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Park CG, Lee JS, An SA, Cho SM, Min I, Woo YC, Kim HS. Enhancement of denitrification by sulfur-based carrier in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for advanced wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141415. [PMID: 38336039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This study was to enhance the nitrogen removal efficiency in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process by adding sulfur-based carriers. The nitrogen removal efficiency of the control group was compared with that of the experimental group through a two-series operation of SBR1 without carrier and SBR2 with the carrier under the condition of no external carbon source. A total nitrogen (T-N) removal efficiency of 6.6%, 72.6%, and 79.9% was observed in SBR1, SBR2 (5%), and (10%), respectively. The T-N removal efficiency was improved in the system with carriers, which showed an increase in the removal efficiency of approximately 91.7%. The results suggest that the inclusion of the carrier led to an elevation in the sulfur ratio, implying an augmented surface area for sulfur-based denitrifying microorganisms. Additionally, CaCO3 contributed essential alkalinity for sulfur denitrification, thereby preventing a decline in pH. Regardless of the carrier, the efficiency of organic matter removal surpassed 89%, indicating that the sulfur-based carrier did not adversely affect the biological reaction associated with organic matter. Therefore, autotrophic denitrification was successfully performed using a sulfur carrier in the SBR process without an external carbon source, improving the nitrogen removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Gyu Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-San Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A An
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Cho
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhong Min
- K-Water Institute, 125, 1689beon-gil, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34045, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chul Woo
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Seung Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea.
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An SA, Park CG, Lee JS, Cho SM, Woo YC, Kim HS. Exposure dose and temperature of chlorine on deterioration of thin-film composite membranes for reverse osmosis and nanofiltration. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138929. [PMID: 37207901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of chlorine, which is used as a chemical cleaning agent or disinfection agent on membrane deterioration, was analyzed under various conditions during the membrane process. Reverse osmosis (RO: ESPA2-LD and RE4040-BE) and nanofiltration (NF: NE4040-70) membranes made of polyamide (PA) thin film composite (TFC) were used for evaluation. Chlorine exposure was performed at doses ranging from 1000 ppm h to 10,000 ppm h using 10 ppm and 100 ppm, and temperatures from 10 °C to 30 °C. Raw water containing NaCl, MgSO4, and dextrose was used to compare the filtration performance after exposure to each of the conditions studied. Reduction in removal performance and enhancement in permeability were observed as chlorine exposure increased. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to determine the surface characteristics of the decomposed membranes. ATR-FTIR was used to compare the intensity of the peaks related to the TFC membrane. Based on the analysis, the state of membrane degradation was elucidated. SEM was used to confirm visual degradation of the membrane surface. Permeability and correlation analyses were performed on CnT as an index for determining membrane lifetime in order to investigate the power coefficient. The relative influence of the exposure concentration and time on membrane degradation was explored by comparing the power efficiency according to the exposure dose and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-A An
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, 449-728, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Gyu Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, 449-728, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-San Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, 449-728, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Cho
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, 449-728, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chul Woo
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, 449-728, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Seung Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, 449-728, Republic of Korea.
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Perry LA, Chew NGP, Grzebyk K, Cay-Durgun P, Lind ML, Sitaula P, Soukri M, Coronell O. Correlating the Role of Nanofillers with Active Layer Properties and Performance of Thin-Film Nanocomposite Membranes. DESALINATION 2023; 550:116370. [PMID: 37274380 PMCID: PMC10237506 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2023.116370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes are emerging water-purification membranes that could provide enhanced water permeance with similar solute removal over traditional thin-film composite (TFC) membranes. However, the effects of nanofiller incorporation on active layer physico-chemical properties have not been comprehensively studied. Accordingly, we aimed to understand the correlation between nanofillers, active layer physico-chemical properties, and membrane performance by investigating whether observed performance differences between TFN and control TFC membranes correlated with observed differences in physico-chemical properties. The effects of nanofiller loading, surface area, and size on membrane performance, along with active layer physico-chemical properties, were characterized in TFN membranes incorporated with Linde Type A (LTA) zeolite and zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8). Results show that nanofiller incorporation up to ~0.15 wt% resulted in higher water permeance and unchanged salt rejection, above which salt rejection decreased 0.9-25.6% and 26.1-48.3% for LTA-TFN and ZIF-8-TFN membranes, respectively. Observed changes in active layer physico-chemical properties were generally unsubstantial and did not explain observed changes in TFN membrane performance. Therefore, increased water permeance in TFN membranes could be due to preferential water transport through porous structures of nanofillers or along polymer-nanofiller interfaces. These findings offer new insights into the development of high-performance TFN membranes for water/ion separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamar A. Perry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA
- Curriculum in Applied Sciences and Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA
| | - Nick Guan Pin Chew
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA
| | - Kasia Grzebyk
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA
| | - Pinar Cay-Durgun
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Mary Laura Lind
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Paban Sitaula
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Mustapha Soukri
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Orlando Coronell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA
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Dutta S, Gupta RS, Pathan S, Bose S. Interpenetrating polymer networks for desalination and water remediation: a comprehensive review of research trends and prospects. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6087-6107. [PMID: 36814875 PMCID: PMC9939980 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07843k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) architectures have gained a lot of interest in recent decades, mainly due to their wide range of applications including water treatment and environmental remediation. IPNs are composed of two or more crosslinked polymeric matrices that are physically entangled but not chemically connected. In polymer science, the interpenetrating network structure with its high polymer chain entanglement is commonly used to generate materials with many functional properties, such as mechanical robustness and adaptable structure. In order to remove a targeted pollutant from contaminated water, it is feasible to modify the network architectures to increase the selectivity by choosing the monomer appropriately. This review aims to give a critical overview of the recent design concepts of IPNs and their applications in desalination and water treatment and their future prospects. This article also discusses the inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles into traditional polymeric membrane networks and its advantages. In the first part, the current scenario for desalination, water pollution and conventional desalination technologies along with their challenges is discussed. Subsequently, the main strategies for the synthesis of semi-IPNs and full-IPNs, and their relevant properties in water remediation are presented based on the nature of the networks and mechanism, with an emphasis on the IPN membrane. This review article has thoroughly investigated and critically assessed published works that describe the latest study on developing IPN membranes, hydrogels and composite materials in water purification and desalination. The goal of this critical analysis is to elicit fresh perspectives regarding the application and advantages of IPNs in desalination and water treatment. This article will also provide a glimpse into future areas of research to address the challenges relating to advanced water treatment as well as its emerging sustainable approaches. The study has put forward a convincing justification and establishes the relevance of IPNs being one of the most intriguing and important areas for achieving a sustainable generation of advanced materials that could benefit mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumi Dutta
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India
| | - Ria Sen Gupta
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India
| | - Shabnam Pathan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India
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Priya AK, Gnanasekaran L, Kumar PS, Jalil AA, Hoang TKA, Rajendran S, Soto-Moscoso M, Balakrishnan D. Recent trends and advancements in nanoporous membranes for water purification. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135205. [PMID: 35667502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When it comes to electrocatalysis, the creation of nanodevices, the research of energy and the environment, and diagnostics, nanoporous materials are an asset. Nanoporous membranes, which can be used to filter water, have recently been the subject of new research and are summarized in this review. These membranes are used to remove salts and metallic ions from the water following an analysis of several nanoporous membrane types and production procedures. Demonstrations and discussions of these membrane systems are then conducted. Nanoporous membranes can be used to filter water, according to the conclusions of this study, which will help readers better grasp how they work. As a result, novel water purification nanoporous compounds that are easy to manufacture, inexpensive, and effective will be developed. Merits and demerits of nanoporous membrane for water treatment and its advancements in purification were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Priya
- Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641027, India
| | - Lalitha Gnanasekaran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile; Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, 60210, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - A A Jalil
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Tuan K A Hoang
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, 1806, Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | | | - Deepanraj Balakrishnan
- College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
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Prasetya N, Himma NF, Sutrisna PD, Wenten IG. Recent advances in dual-filler mixed matrix membranes. REV CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have been widely developed as an attractive solution to overcome the drawbacks found in most polymer membranes, such as permeability-selectivity trade-off and low physicochemical stability. Numerous fillers based on inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials with various structures including porous or nonporous, and two-dimensional or three-dimensional, have been used. Demanded to further improve the characteristics and performances of the MMMs, the use of dual-filler instead of a single filler has then been proposed, from which multiple effects could be obtained. This article aims to review the recent development of MMMs with dual filler and discuss their performances in diverse potential applications. Challenges in this emerging field and outlook for future research are finally provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholaus Prasetya
- Research Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jalan Ganesha 10 , Bandung 40132 , Indonesia
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Barrer Centre, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , London SW7 2AZ , UK
| | - Nurul Faiqotul Himma
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Universitas Brawijaya , Jalan Mayjen Haryono 167 , Malang 65145 , Indonesia
| | - Putu Doddy Sutrisna
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Universitas Surabaya , Jalan Raya Kalirungkut (Tenggilis) , Surabaya 60293 , Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Research Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jalan Ganesha 10 , Bandung 40132 , Indonesia
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jalan Ganesha 10 , Bandung 40132 , Indonesia
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Oseghe EO, Akpotu SO, Mombeshora ET, Oladipo AO, Ombaka LM, Maria BB, Idris AO, Mamba G, Ndlwana L, Ayanda OS, Ofomaja AE, Nyamori VO, Feleni U, Nkambule TT, Msagati TA, Mamba BB, Bahnemann DW. Multi-dimensional applications of graphitic carbon nitride nanomaterials – A review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Thin film nanocomposite RO membranes: Review on fabrication techniques and impacts of nanofiller characteristics on membrane properties. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Looking Beyond Energy Efficiency: An Applied Review of Water Desalination Technologies and an Introduction to Capillary-Driven Desalination. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11040696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most notable emerging water desalination technologies and related publications, as examined by the authors, investigate opportunities to increase energy efficiency of the process. In this paper, the authors reason that improving energy efficiency is only one route to produce more cost-effective potable water with fewer emissions. In fact, the grade of energy that is used to desalinate water plays an equally important role in its economic viability and overall emission reduction. This paper provides a critical review of desalination strategies with emphasis on means of using low-grade energy rather than solely focusing on reaching the thermodynamic energy limit. Herein, it is argued that large-scale commercial desalination technologies have by-and-large reached their engineering potential. They are now mostly limited by the fundamental process design rather than process optimization, which has very limited room for improvement without foundational change to the process itself. The conventional approach toward more energy efficient water desalination is to shift from thermal technologies to reverse osmosis (RO). However, RO suffers from three fundamental issues: (1) it is very sensitive to high-salinity water, (2) it is not suitable for zero liquid discharge and is therefore environmentally challenging, and (3) it is not compatible with low-grade energy. From extensive research and review of existing commercial and lab-scale technologies, the authors propose that a fundamental shift is needed to make water desalination more affordable and economical. Future directions may include novel ideas such as taking advantage of energy localization, surficial/interfacial evaporation, and capillary action. Here, some emerging technologies are discussed along with the viability of incorporating low-grade energy and its economic consequences. Finally, a new process is discussed and characterized for water desalination driven by capillary action. The latter has great significance for using low-grade energy and its substantial potential to generate salinity/blue energy.
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Abstract
Membranes currently have a wide application in sewage treatment and water purification processes, in seawater desalination, and in various technological processes where high product purity is required. Deposition of an ultrathin skin layer of TFC (thin-film composite) and TFN (thin-film nanocomposite) onto the surface of membranes is discussed in this article. Their presence improves membrane properties such as retention of impurities and permeability. The aim of this paper is to present the current state of knowledge about the methods of preparing composite and nanocomposite membranes. The properties of the prepared TFC membranes can be modified by changing the type and concentration of the reacting monomers, and the physical conditions in which the membrane preparation process itself is carried out are also significant. Additionally, the properties of TFN membranes can be further modified with nanocomposites. The membranes are characterized by different properties not only because they have nanoparticles in their structure but also because their concentration and the way they are blended into the membrane structure were changed. This paper provides information on modifications of TFN membranes with nanoparticles, as well as modification by changes in polymerization reaction conditions and monomer concentration. Examples of the use of TFN and TFC membranes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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