1
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Hamley IW, Castelletto V. Small-angle scattering techniques for peptide and peptide hybrid nanostructures and peptide-based biomaterials. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102959. [PMID: 37473606 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of small-angle scattering (SAS) in the study of the self-assembly of peptides and peptide conjugates (lipopeptides, polymer-peptide conjugates and others) is reviewed, highlighting selected research that illustrates different methods and analysis techniques. Both small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) are considered along with examples that exploit their unique capabilities. For SAXS, this includes the ability to perform rapid measurements enabling high throughput or fast kinetic studies and measurements under dilute conditions. For SANS, contrast variation using H2O/D2O mixtures enables the study of peptides interacting with lipids and TR-SANS (time-resolved SANS) studies of exchange kinetics and/or peptide-induced structural changes. Examples are provided of studies measuring form factors of different self-assembled structures (micelles, fibrils, nanotapes, nanotubes etc) as well as structure factors from ordered phases (lyotropic mesophases), peptide gels and hybrid materials such as membranes formed by mixing peptides with polysaccharides or peptide/liposome mixtures. SAXS/WAXS (WAXS: wide-angle x-ray scattering) on peptides and peptide hybrids is also discussed, and the review concludes with a perspective on potential future directions for research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Hamley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - Valeria Castelletto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK
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2
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Heil C, Ma Y, Bharti B, Jayaraman A. Computational Reverse-Engineering Analysis for Scattering Experiments for Form Factor and Structure Factor Determination (" P( q) and S( q) CREASE"). JACS AU 2023; 3:889-904. [PMID: 37006757 PMCID: PMC10052275 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an open-source machine learning (ML)-accelerated computational method to analyze small-angle scattering profiles [I(q) vs q] from concentrated macromolecular solutions to simultaneously obtain the form factor P(q) (e.g., dimensions of a micelle) and the structure factor S(q) (e.g., spatial arrangement of the micelles) without relying on analytical models. This method builds on our recent work on Computational Reverse-Engineering Analysis for Scattering Experiments (CREASE) that has either been applied to obtain P(q) from dilute macromolecular solutions (where S(q) ∼1) or to obtain S(q) from concentrated particle solutions when P(q) is known (e.g., sphere form factor). This paper's newly developed CREASE that calculates P(q) and S(q), termed as "P(q) and S(q) CREASE", is validated by taking as input I(q) vs q from in silico structures of known polydisperse core(A)-shell(B) micelles in solutions at varying concentrations and micelle-micelle aggregation. We demonstrate how "P(q) and S(q) CREASE" performs if given two or three of the relevant scattering profiles-I total(q), I A(q), and I B(q)-as inputs; this demonstration is meant to guide experimentalists who may choose to do small-angle X-ray scattering (for total scattering from the micelles) and/or small-angle neutron scattering with appropriate contrast matching to get scattering solely from one or the other component (A or B). After validation of "P(q) and S(q) CREASE" on in silico structures, we present our results analyzing small-angle neutron scattering profiles from a solution of core-shell type surfactant-coated nanoparticles with varying extents of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian
M. Heil
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yingzhen Ma
- Cain
Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana
State University, 3307 Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Bhuvnesh Bharti
- Cain
Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana
State University, 3307 Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, 201 DuPont
Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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3
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Michelsen HA, Campbell MF, Tran IC, Johansson KO, Schrader PE, Bambha RP, Hammons JA, Schaible E, Zhu C, van Buuren A. Distinguishing Gas-Phase and Nanoparticle Contributions to Small-Angle X-ray Scattering in Reacting Aerosol Flows. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3015-3026. [PMID: 35522242 PMCID: PMC9126148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a strategy for distinguishing between small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) from gas-phase species and newly formed nanoparticles in mixed gas- and particle-phase reacting flows. This methodology explicitly accounts for temperature-dependent scattering from gases. We measured SAXS in situ in a sooting linear laminar partially premixed co-flow ethylene/air diffusion flame. The scattering signal demonstrates a downward curvature as a function of the momentum transfer (q) at q values of 0.2-0.57 Å-1. The q-dependent curvature is consistent with the Debye equation and the independent-atom model for gas-phase scattering. This behavior can also be modeled using the Guinier approximation and could be characterized as a Guinier knee for gas-phase scattering. The Guinier functional form can be fit to the scattering signal in this q range without a priori knowledge of the gas-phase composition, enabling estimation of the gas-phase contribution to the scattering signal while accounting for changes in the gas-phase composition and temperature. We coupled the SAXS measurements with in situ temperature measurements using coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. This approach to characterizing the gas-phase SAXS signal provides a physical basis for distinguishing among the contributions to the scattering signal from the instrument function, flame gases, and nanoparticles. The results are particularly important for the analysis of the SAXS signal in the q range associated with particles in the size range of 1-6 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope A. Michelsen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Combustion
Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Matthew F. Campbell
- Combustion
Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Ich C. Tran
- Nanoscale
Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - K. Olof Johansson
- Combustion
Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Paul E. Schrader
- Combustion
Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Ray P. Bambha
- Combustion
Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Joshua A. Hammons
- Nanoscale
Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Eric Schaible
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anthony van Buuren
- Nanoscale
Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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4
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Ogawa H, Ono S, Watanabe Y, Nishikawa Y, Nishitsuji S, Kabe T, Takenaka M. Artifact removal in the contour areas of SAXS-CT images by Tikhonov-L1 minimization. J Appl Crystallogr 2021; 54:1784-1792. [PMID: 34963766 PMCID: PMC8662970 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721011523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) coupled with computed tomography (CT), denoted SAXS-CT, enables the spatial distribution of the characteristic parameters of nanoscale structures inside samples to be visualized. In this work, a new scheme with Tikhonov regularization was developed to remove the effects of artifacts caused by streak scattering originating from contour regions of the sample. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) coupled with computed tomography (CT), denoted SAXS-CT, has enabled the spatial distribution of the characteristic parameters (e.g. size, shape, surface, length) of nanoscale structures inside samples to be visualized. In this work, a new scheme with Tikhonov regularization was developed to remove the effects of artifacts caused by streak scattering originating from the reflection of the incident beam in the contour regions of the sample. The noise due to streak scattering was successfully removed from the sinogram image and hence the CT image could be reconstructed free from artifacts in the contour regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ogawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 6110011, Japan.,Riken SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ono
- School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 6110011, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nishikawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shotaro Nishitsuji
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Taizo Kabe
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Mikihito Takenaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 6110011, Japan.,Riken SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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5
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Advances in microfluidic synthesis and coupling with synchrotron SAXS for continuous production and real-time structural characterization of nano-self-assemblies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 201:111633. [PMID: 33639513 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms have become highly attractive tools for synthesis of nanoparticles, including lipid nano-self-assemblies, owing to unique features and at least three important aspects inherent to miniaturized micro-devices. Firstly, the fluids flow under controlled conditions in the microchannels, providing well-defined flow profiles and shorter diffusion lengths that play important roles in enhancing the continuous production of lipid and polymer nanoparticles with relatively narrow size distributions. Secondly, various geometries adapted to microfluidic device designs can be utilized for enhancing the colloidal stability of nanoparticles and improving their drug loading. Thirdly, microfluidic devices are usually compatible with in situ characterization methods for real-time monitoring of processes occurring inside the microchannels. This is unlike conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods, where a final solution or withdrawn aliquots are separately analysed. These features inherent to microfluidic devices provide a tool-set allowing not only precise nanoparticle size control, but also real-time analyses for process optimization. In this review, we focus on recent advances and developments in the use of microfluidic devices for synthesis of lipid nanoparticles. We present different designs based on hydrodynamic flow focusing, droplet-based methods and controlled microvortices, and discuss integration of microfluidic platforms with synchrotron small-angle X ray scattering (SAXS) for in situ structural characterization of lipid nano-self-assemblies under continuous flow conditions, along with major challenges and future directions in this research area.
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6
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Wessels MG, Jayaraman A. Computational Reverse-Engineering Analysis of Scattering Experiments (CREASE) on Amphiphilic Block Polymer Solutions: Cylindrical and Fibrillar Assembly. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel G. Wessels
- Colburn Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Colburn Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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7
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Di Cola E, Cantu' L, Brocca P, Rondelli V, Fadda GC, Canelli E, Martelli P, Clementino A, Sonvico F, Bettini R, Del Favero E. Novel O/W nanoemulsions for nasal administration: Structural hints in the selection of performing vehicles with enhanced mucopenetration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110439. [PMID: 31473410 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose novel oil-in-water nanoemulsions (O/W NEs) including PEGylated surfactants and chitosan, showing good biocompatibility and optimization for nasal administration of drugs or vaccines. The transmucosal route has been shown to be ideal for a fast and efficient absorption and represents a viable alternative when the oral administration is problematic. The critical structural features in view of optimal encapsulation and transmucosal delivery were assessed by characterizing the NEs with complementary scattering techniques, i.e. dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron scattering (SANS). Combined results allowed for selecting the formulations with the best suited structural properties and in addition establishing their propensity to enter the mucus barrier. To this scope, mucin was used as a model system and the effect of adding chitosan to the NEs, as adjuvant, was investigated. Remarkably, the presence of chitosan had a positive impact on the diffusion of the NE particles through the mucin matrix. We can infer that chitosan-mucin interaction induces density inhomogeneity and an increase in the pore size within the gel matrix that enhances the PEGylated NEs mobility. The coupling of mucoadhesive and mucopenetrating agents is shown to be a promising strategy for innovative transmucosal delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Di Cola
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy; Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL), 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Laura Cantu'
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy
| | - Paola Brocca
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy
| | - Valeria Rondelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy
| | - Giulia C Fadda
- Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH, 74 rue Marcel Cauchin, 93017 Bobigny, France; Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Elena Canelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Adryana Clementino
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Biopharmanet TEC - Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per l'Innovazione dei Prodotti per la Salute, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Biopharmanet TEC - Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per l'Innovazione dei Prodotti per la Salute, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Biopharmanet TEC - Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per l'Innovazione dei Prodotti per la Salute, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Del Favero
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy.
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8
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Arboleda C, Lutz-Bueno V, Wang Z, Villanueva-Perez P, Guizar-Sicairos M, Liebi M, Varga Z, Stampanoni M. Assessing lesion malignancy by scanning small-angle x-ray scattering of breast tissue with microcalcifications. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:155010. [PMID: 31234149 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab2c36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Scanning small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were performed on 36 formalin-fixed breast tissue biopsies obtained from two patients. All samples contained microcalcifications of type II, i.e. formed by hydroxyapatite. We demonstrate the feasibility of classifying breast lesions by scanning SAXS of tissues containing microcalcifications with a resolution of 35 [Formula: see text]m [Formula: see text] 30 [Formula: see text]m. We report a characteristic Bragg peak found around q = 1.725 nm-1 that occurs primarily for malignant lesions. Such a clear SAXS fingerprint is potentially linked to structural changes of breast tissue and corresponds to dimensions of about 3.7 nm. This material property could be used as an early indicator of malignancy development, as it is readily assessed by SAXS. If this fingerprint is combined with other known SAXS features, which also indicate the level of malignancy, such as lipid spacing and collagen periodicity, it could complement traditional pathology-based analyses. To confirm the SAXS-based classification, a histopathological workup and a gold standard histopathological diagnosis were conducted to determine the malignancy level of the lesions. Our aim is to report this SAXS fingerprint, which is clearly related to malignant breast lesions. However, any further conclusion based on our dataset is limited by the low number of patients and samples. Running a broad study to increase the number of samples and patients is of great importance and relevance for the breast-imaging community.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Arboleda
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland. ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Joint co-authors
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9
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In-situ aerosol nanoparticle characterization by small angle X-ray scattering at ultra-low volume fraction. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1122. [PMID: 30850597 PMCID: PMC6408461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
State-of-the-art aerosol nanoparticle techniques all have one feature in common: for analysis they remove the nanoparticles from their original environment. Therefore, physical and chemical properties of the particles might be changed or cannot be measured correctly. To overcome these shortcomings, we apply synchrotron based small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as an in-situ measurement technique. Contrasting other aerosol studies using SAXS, we focus on particle concentrations which allow direct comparison to common aerosol nanoparticle analyzers. To this end, we analyze aerosol nanoparticles at ambient pressure and concentrations of slightly above ~106 cm-3. A differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) is operated in parallel. We find that SAXS enables measurement of the primary particles and the aggregates, whereas the DMPS detects only aggregates. We conclude that in-situ nanoparticle characterization with ultra-low volume fractions of ~10-10 is feasible with SAXS. Our technique opens up a doorway to the in-situ analysis of aerosol nanoparticles under atmospheric conditions.
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10
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Silva BFB. SAXS on a chip: from dynamics of phase transitions to alignment phenomena at interfaces studied with microfluidic devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:23690-23703. [PMID: 28828415 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The field of microfluidics offers attractive possibilities to perform novel experiments that are difficult (or even impossible) to perform using conventional bulk and surface-based methods. Such attractiveness comes from several important aspects inherent to these miniaturized devices. First, the flow of fluids under submillimeter confinement typically leads to a drop of inertial forces, meaning that turbulence is practically suppressed. This leads to predictable and controllable flow profiles, along with well-defined chemical gradients and stress fields that can be used for controlled mixing and actuation on the micro and nanoscale. Secondly, intricate microfluidic device designs can be fabricated using cleanroom standard procedures. Such intricate geometries can take diverse forms, designed by researchers to perform complex tasks, that require exquisite control of flow of several components and gradients, or to mimic real world examples, facilitating the establishment of more realistic models. Thirdly, microfluidic devices are usually compatible with in situ or integrated characterization methods that allow constant real-time monitoring of the processes occurring inside the microchannels. This is very different from typical bulk-based methods, where usually one can only observe the final result, or otherwise, take quick snapshots of the evolving process or take aliquots to be analyzed separately. Altogether, these characteristics inherent to microfluidic devices provide researchers with a set of tools that allow not only exquisite control and manipulation of materials at the micro and nanoscale, but also observation of these effects. In this review, we will focus on the use and prospects of combining microfluidic devices with in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (and related techniques such as small-angle neutron scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy), and their enormous potential for physical-chemical research, mainly in self-assembly and phase-transitions, and surface characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F B Silva
- Department of Life Sciences, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal.
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11
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Ilavsky J, Zhang F, Andrews RN, Kuzmenko I, Jemian PR, Levine LE, Allen AJ. Development of combined microstructure and structure characterization facility for in situ and operando studies at the Advanced Photon Source. J Appl Crystallogr 2018; 51 Pt 3:10.1107/S160057671800643X. [PMID: 30996401 PMCID: PMC6463311 DOI: 10.1107/s160057671800643x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following many years of evolutionary development, first at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and then at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory, the APS ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) facility has been transformed by several new developments. These comprise a conversion to higher-order crystal optics and higher X-ray energies as the standard operating mode, rapid fly scan measurements also as a standard operational mode, automated contiguous pinhole small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements at intermediate scattering vectors, and associated rapid wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements for X-ray diffraction without disturbing the sample geometry. With each mode using the USAXS incident beam optics upstream of the sample, USAXS/SAXS/WAXS measurements can now be made within 5 min, allowing in situ and operando measurement capabilities with great flexibility under a wide range of sample conditions. These developments are described, together with examples of their application to investigate materials phenomena of technological importance. Developments of two novel USAXS applications, USAXSbased X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and USAXS imaging, are also briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Ross N. Andrews
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Materials Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Pete R. Jemian
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Lyle E. Levine
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Andrew J. Allen
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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12
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Zhang Q, Lin J, Wang L, Xu Z. Theoretical modeling and simulations of self-assembly of copolymers in solution. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Nygård K, Buitenhuis J, Kagias M, Jefimovs K, Zontone F, Chushkin Y. Anisotropic hydrodynamic function of dense confined colloids. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:062601. [PMID: 28709299 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.062601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dense colloidal dispersions exhibit complex wave-vector-dependent diffusion, which is controlled by both direct particle interactions and indirect nonadditive hydrodynamic interactions mediated by the solvent. In bulk the hydrodynamic interactions are probed routinely, but in confined geometries their studies have been hitherto hindered by additional complications due to confining walls. Here we solve this issue by combining high-energy x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and small-angle x-ray-scattering experiments on colloid-filled microfluidic channels to yield the confined fluid's hydrodynamic function in the short-time limit. Most importantly, we find the confined fluid to exhibit a strongly anisotropic hydrodynamic function, similar to its anisotropic structure factor. This observation is important in order to guide future theoretical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Nygård
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Matias Kagias
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, UZH and ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Konstantins Jefimovs
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, UZH and ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Federico Zontone
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yuriy Chushkin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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14
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Schiener A, Schmidt E, Bergmann C, Seifert S, Zahn D, Krach A, Weihrich R, Magerl A. The formation of CdS quantum dots and Au nanoparticles. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2016-1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We report on microsecond-resolved in-situ SAXS experiments of the early nucleation and growth behavior of both cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots in aqueous solution including the temperature dependence and of gold (Au) nanoparticles. A novel free-jet setup was developped to access reaction times as early as 20 μs. As the signal in particular in the beginning of the reaction is weak the containment-free nature of this sample environment prooved crucial. The SAXS data reveal a two-step pathway with a surprising stability of a structurally relaxed cluster with a diameter of about 2 nm. While these develop rapidly by ionic assembly, a further slower growth is attributed to cluster attachment. WAXS diffraction confirms, that the particles at this early stage are not yet crystalline. This growth mode is confirmed for a temperature range from 25°C to 45°C. An energy barrier for the diffusion of primary clusters in water of 0.60 eV was experimentally observed in agreement with molecular simulations. To access reaction times beyond 100 ms, a stopped-drop setup -again contaiment- free is introduced. SAXS experiments on the growth of Au nanoparticles on an extended time scale provide a much slower growth with one population only. Further, the influence of ionizing X-ray radiation on the Au particle fromation and growth is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schiener
- Crystallography and Structural Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ella Schmidt
- Crystallography and Structural Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Bergmann
- Crystallography and Structural Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Soenke Seifert
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Advanced Photon Source, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Dirk Zahn
- Theoretical Chemistry and Computer-Chemistry-Center, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Krach
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Weihrich
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Materials Resource Management, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Magerl
- Biophysics Goup, Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 91, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Abstract
Colloidal diffusion in confined geometries is analysed at the level of anisotropic pair densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Nygård
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Gothenburg
- SE-41296 Gothenburg
- Sweden
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16
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Ghazal A, Gontsarik M, Kutter JP, Lafleur JP, Labrador A, Mortensen K, Yaghmur A. Direct monitoring of calcium-triggered phase transitions in cubosomes using small-angle X-ray scattering combined with microfluidics. J Appl Crystallogr 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716014199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This article introduces a simple microfluidic device that can be combined with synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for monitoring dynamic structural transitions. The microfluidic device is a thiol–ene-based system equipped with 125 µm-thick polystyrene windows, which are suitable for X-ray experiments. The device was prepared by soft lithography using elastomeric molds followed by a simple UV-initiated curing step to polymerize the chip material and simultaneously seal the device with the polystyrene windows. The microfluidic device was successfully used to explore the dynamics of the structural transitions of phytantriol/dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol-based cubosomes on exposure to a buffer containing calcium ions. The resulting SAXS data were resolved in the time frame between 0.5 and 5.5 s, and a calcium-triggered structural transition from an internal inverted-type cubic phase of symmetryIm3mto an internal inverted-type cubic phase of symmetryPn3mwas detected. The combination of microfluidics with X-ray techniques opens the door to the investigation of early dynamic structural transitions, which is not possible with conventional techniques such as glass flow cells. The combination of microfluidics with X-ray techniques can be used for investigating protein unfolding, for monitoring the formation of nanoparticles in real time, and for other biomedical and pharmaceutical investigations.
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17
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Di Cola E, Grillo I, Ristori S. Small Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering: Powerful Tools for Studying the Structure of Drug-Loaded Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:pharmaceutics8020010. [PMID: 27043614 PMCID: PMC4932473 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanovectors, such as liposomes, micelles and lipid nanoparticles, are recognized as efficient platforms for delivering therapeutic agents, especially those with low solubility in water. Besides being safe and non-toxic, drug carriers with improved performance should meet the requirements of (i) appropriate size and shape and (ii) cargo upload/release with unmodified properties. Structural issues are of primary importance to control the mechanism of action of loaded vectors. Overall properties, such as mean diameter and surface charge, can be obtained using bench instruments (Dynamic Light Scattering and Zeta potential). However, techniques with higher space and time resolution are needed for in-depth structural characterization. Small-angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron (SANS) scattering techniques provide information at the nanoscale and have therefore been largely used to investigate nanovectors loaded with drugs or other biologically relevant molecules. Here we revise recent applications of these complementary scattering techniques in the field of drug delivery in pharmaceutics and medicine with a focus to liposomal carriers. In particular, we highlight those aspects that can be more commonly accessed by the interested users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Di Cola
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LIPhy), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-UMR 5588, 140 rue de la Physique, 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France.
| | - Isabelle Grillo
- Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) DS/LSS, CS 20156-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Sandra Ristori
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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18
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Schiener A, Seifert S, Magerl A. The stopped-drop method: a novel setup for containment-free and time-resolved measurements. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:545-550. [PMID: 26917142 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515023826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel setup for containment-free time-resolved experiments at a free-hanging drop is reported. Within a dead-time of 100 ms a drop of mixed reactant solutions is formed and the time evolution of a reaction can be followed from thereon by various techniques. As an example, a small-angle X-ray scattering study on the formation mechanism of EDTA-stabilized CdS both at a synchrotron and a laboratory X-ray source is presented here. While the evolution can be followed with one drop only at a synchrotron source, a stroboscopic mode with many drops is preferable for the laboratory source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schiener
- Physics Department, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Soenke Seifert
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Andreas Magerl
- Physics Department, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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19
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Abstract
Nonlamellar liquid crystalline phases are attractive platforms for drug solubilization and targeted delivery. The attractiveness of this formulation principle is linked to the nanostructural versatility, compatiblity, digestiblity and bioadhesive properties of their lipid constituents, and the capability of solubilizing and sustaining the release of amphiphilic, hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Nonlamellar liquid crystalline phases offer two distinct promising strategies in the development of drug delivery systems. These comprise formation of ISAsomes (internally self-assembled ‘somes’ or particles) such as cubosomes and hexosomes, and in situ formation of parenteral dosage forms with tunable nanostructures at the site of administration. This review outlines the unique features of cubosomes and hexosomes and their potential utilization as promising platforms for drug delivery.
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20
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Petukhov AV, Meijer JM, Vroege GJ. Particle shape effects in colloidal crystals and colloidal liquid crystals: Small-angle X-ray scattering studies with microradian resolution. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Schiener A, Magerl A, Krach A, Seifert S, Steinrück HG, Zagorac J, Zahn D, Weihrich R. In situ investigation of two-step nucleation and growth of CdS nanoparticles from solution. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:11328-11333. [PMID: 26067094 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01602a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on a combined ultra-fast in situ SAXS and WAXS study along a free-jet providing insight into the evolution of the morphology and crystalline structure of CdS quantum dots in the very early stage of nucleation between 100 μs and 2.5 ms with a time resolution down to 10 μs. Accessing this yet unexplored time regime provides direct evidence of a two-step mechanism via formation of prenucleation clusters followed by nanoparticle nucleation from coalescing precursors. Using ab initio calculations, the latter species is identified as Cd13S4(SH)18 clusters, the stability of which results from a compact surface and inner structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schiener
- Crystallography and Structural Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Physics, Staudtstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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22
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Zhang H, Scholz AK, de Crevoisier J, Berghezan D, Narayanan T, Kramer EJ, Creton C. Nanocavitation around a crack tip in a soft nanocomposite: A scanning microbeam small angle X-ray scattering study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Laboratoire de Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle; ESPCI Paristech-CNRS-UPMC; 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris France
| | - Arthur K. Scholz
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California Santa Barbara; California 93106
- Department of Materials; University of California Santa Barbara; California 93106
| | - Jordan de Crevoisier
- Laboratoire de Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle; ESPCI Paristech-CNRS-UPMC; 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris France
| | | | | | - Edward J. Kramer
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California Santa Barbara; California 93106
- Department of Materials; University of California Santa Barbara; California 93106
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of California Santa Barbara; California 83106
| | - Costantino Creton
- Laboratoire de Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle; ESPCI Paristech-CNRS-UPMC; 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris France
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23
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Structure of milk protein deposits formed by casein micelles and β-lactoglobulin during frontal microfiltration. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Benecke G, Wagermaier W, Li C, Schwartzkopf M, Flucke G, Hoerth R, Zizak I, Burghammer M, Metwalli E, Müller-Buschbaum P, Trebbin M, Förster S, Paris O, Roth SV, Fratzl P. A customizable software for fast reduction and analysis of large X-ray scattering data sets: applications of the new DPDAK package to small-angle X-ray scattering and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2014; 47:1797-1803. [PMID: 25294982 PMCID: PMC4180741 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576714019773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray scattering experiments at synchrotron sources are characterized by large and constantly increasing amounts of data. The great number of files generated during a synchrotron experiment is often a limiting factor in the analysis of the data, since appropriate software is rarely available to perform fast and tailored data processing. Furthermore, it is often necessary to perform online data reduction and analysis during the experiment in order to interactively optimize experimental design. This article presents an open-source software package developed to process large amounts of data from synchrotron scattering experiments. These data reduction processes involve calibration and correction of raw data, one- or two-dimensional integration, as well as fitting and further analysis of the data, including the extraction of certain parameters. The software, DPDAK (directly programmable data analysis kit), is based on a plug-in structure and allows individual extension in accordance with the requirements of the user. The article demonstrates the use of DPDAK for on- and offline analysis of scanning small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data on biological samples and microfluidic systems, as well as for a comprehensive analysis of grazing-incidence SAXS data. In addition to a comparison with existing software packages, the structure of DPDAK and the possibilities and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunthard Benecke
- PETRA III, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, Brandenbug 14476, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, Brandenbug 14476, Germany
| | - Chenghao Li
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, Brandenbug 14476, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwartzkopf
- PETRA III, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Gero Flucke
- PETRA III, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hoerth
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, Brandenbug 14476, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Ivo Zizak
- Institut für Nanometeroptik und Technologie, BESSY II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- ID13, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, Grenoble 38000, France
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ezzeldin Metwalli
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien Pysik Department E13, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien Pysik Department E13, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Martin Trebbin
- University of Bayreuth, Physical Chemistry 1, 101251, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Stephan Förster
- University of Bayreuth, Physical Chemistry 1, 101251, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Oskar Paris
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, Brandenbug 14476, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef Strasse 18, Leoben 8700, Austria
| | - Stephan V. Roth
- PETRA III, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, Brandenbug 14476, Germany
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25
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Jensen GV, Lund R, Gummel J, Narayanan T, Pedersen JS. Monitoring the transition from spherical to polymer-like surfactant micelles using small-angle X-ray scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11524-8. [PMID: 25197008 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite over a century of modern surfactant science, the kinetic pathways of morphological transitions in micellar systems are still not well understood. This is mainly as a result of the lack of sufficiently fast methods that can capture the structural changes of such transitions. Herein, a simple surfactant system consisting of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in aqueous NaCl solutions is investigated. Combining synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) with fast stopped-flow mixing schemes allows monitoring the process where polymer-like micelles are formed from globular micelles when the salt concentration is suddenly increased. The results show that "worm-like" micelles are formed by fusion of globular micelles and short cylinders in a fashion that bears similarities to a step-like polymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethe Vestergaard Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C (Denmark)
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26
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Jensen GV, Lund R, Gummel J, Narayanan T, Pedersen JS. Monitoring the Transition from Spherical to Polymer-like Surfactant Micelles Using Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Strixner T, Sterr J, Kulozik U, Gebhardt R. Structural Study on Hen-egg Yolk High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Granules. FOOD BIOPHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-014-9359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Trebbin M, Krüger K, DePonte D, Roth SV, Chapman HN, Förster S. Microfluidic liquid jet system with compatibility for atmospheric and high-vacuum conditions. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1733-45. [PMID: 24671443 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51363g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present microfluidic chip based devices that produce liquid jets with micrometer diameters while operating at very low flow rates. The chip production is based on established soft-lithographical techniques employing a three-layer design protocol. This allows the exact, controlled and reproducible design of critical parts such as nozzles and the production of nozzle arrays. The microfluidic chips reproducibly generate liquid jets exiting at perfect right angles with diameters between 20 μm and 2 μm, and under special circumstances, even down to 0.9 μm. Jet diameter, jet length, and the domain of the jetting/dripping instability can be predicted and controlled based on the theory for liquid jets in the plate-orifice configuration described by Gañán-Calvo et al. Additionally, conditions under which the device produces highly reproducible monodisperse droplets at exact and predictable rates can be achieved. The devices operate under atmospheric and under vacuum conditions making them highly relevant for a wide range of applications, for example, for free-electron lasers. Further, the straightforward integration of additional features such as a jet-in-jet is demonstrated. This device design has the potential to integrate more features based on established microfluidic components and may become a standard device for small liquid jet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trebbin
- Physical Chemistry 1, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
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29
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Probing the Self-Assembly of Unilamellar Vesicles Using Time-Resolved SAXS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-418698-9.00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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30
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Herzog G, Benecke G, Buffet A, Heidmann B, Perlich J, Risch JFH, Santoro G, Schwartzkopf M, Yu S, Wurth W, Roth SV. In situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering investigation of polystyrene nanoparticle spray deposition onto silicon. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:11260-11266. [PMID: 23927828 DOI: 10.1021/la402254q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the spray deposition and subsequent self-assembly during drying of a polystyrene nanoparticle dispersion with in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering at high time resolution. During the fast deposition of the dispersion and the subsequent evaporation of the solvent, different transient stages of nanoparticle assembly can be identified. In the first stage, the solvent starts to evaporate without ordering of the nanoparticles. During the second stage, large-scale structures imposed by the breakup of the liquid film are observable. In this stage, the solvent evaporates further and nanoparticle ordering starts. In the late third drying stage, the nanoparticles self-assemble into the final layer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Herzog
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Angelov B, Angelova A, Filippov SK, Narayanan T, Drechsler M, Štěpánek P, Couvreur P, Lesieur S. DNA/Fusogenic Lipid Nanocarrier Assembly: Millisecond Structural Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1959-1964. [PMID: 26283134 DOI: 10.1021/jz400857z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural changes occurring on a millisecond time scale during uptake of DNA by cationic lipid nanocarriers are monitored by time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) coupled to a rapid-mixing stopped-flow technique. Nanoparticles (NPs) of nanochannel organization are formed by PEGylation, hydration, and dispersion of a lipid film of the fusogenic lipid monoolein in a mixture with positively charged (DOMA) and PEGylated (DOPE-PEG2000) amphiphiles and are characterized by the inner cubic structure of very large nanochannels favorable for DNA upload. Ultrafast structural dynamics of complexation and assembly of these cubosome particles with neurotrophic plasmid DNA (pDNA) is revealed thanks to the high brightness of the employed synchrotron X-ray beam. The rate constant of the pDNA/lipid NP complexation is estimated from dynamic roentgenograms recorded at 4 ms time resolution. pDNA upload into the vastly hydrated channels of the cubosome carriers leads to a fast nanoparticle-nanoparticle structural transition and lipoplex formation involving tightly packed pDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borislav Angelov
- †Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-16206 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Angelina Angelova
- ‡CNRS UMR8612 Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ Paris Sud 11, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sergey K Filippov
- †Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-16206 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Theyencheri Narayanan
- §European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 6 rue Jules Horowitz, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Markus Drechsler
- ⊥Laboratory for Soft Matter Electron Microscopy, Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- †Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-16206 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- ‡CNRS UMR8612 Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ Paris Sud 11, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sylviane Lesieur
- ‡CNRS UMR8612 Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ Paris Sud 11, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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32
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Jensen GV, Lund R, Gummel J, Monkenbusch M, Narayanan T, Pedersen JS. Direct observation of the formation of surfactant micelles under nonisothermal conditions by synchrotron SAXS. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:7214-22. [PMID: 23590205 DOI: 10.1021/ja312469n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules into micelles occurs on very short times scales of typically some milliseconds, and the structural evolution is therefore very challenging to observe experimentally. While rate constants of surfactant micelle kinetics have been accessed by spectroscopic techniques for decades, so far no experiments providing detailed information on the structural evolution of surfactant micelles during their formation process have been reported. In this work we show that by applying synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in combination with the stopped-flow mixing technique, the entire micelle formation process from single surfactants to equilibrium micelles can be followed in situ. Using a sugar-based surfactant system of dodecyl maltoside (DDM) in dimethylformamide (DMF), micelle formation can be induced simply by adding water, and this can be followed in situ by SAXS. Mixing of water and DMF is an exothermic process where the micelle formation process occurs under nonisothermal conditions with a temperature gradient relaxing from about 40 to 20 °C. A kinetic nucleation and growth mechanism model describing micelle formation by insertion/expulsion of single molecules under nonisothermal conditions was developed and shown to describe the data very well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethe Vestergaard Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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33
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Zhang F, Allen AJ, Levine LE, Ilavsky J, Long GG. Structure and dynamics studies of concentrated micrometer-sized colloidal suspensions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:1379-1387. [PMID: 23294392 DOI: 10.1021/la3044768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental study of the structural and dynamical properties of concentrated suspensions of different sized polystyrene microspheres dispersed in glycerol for volume fraction concentrations between 10% and 20%. The static structure, probed with ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering, shows a behavior very similar to that of hard spheres. The equilibrium dynamics is probed with ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering-X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, a new technique that overcomes the limits of visible light-scattering techniques imposed by multiple scattering and is suitable for studies of optically opaque materials containing micrometer-sized structures. We found that the intensity autocorrelation functions are better described by a stretched exponential function and microspheres in a concentrated suspension move collectively. We also found that the inverse of the effective diffusion coefficients displays a peak with respect to the scattering vector that resembles the peaks in the static structure factors, which indicates that a long-lived, low free-energy state exists. The relaxation time is approximately inversely related to scattering vector, a behavior consistent with models that describe the dynamics in terms of random, local structural arrangements in disordered media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.
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In situ forming drug delivery systems based on lyotropic liquid crystalline phases: structural characterization and release properties. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lund R, Willner L, Richter D. Kinetics of Block Copolymer Micelles Studied by Small-Angle Scattering Methods. CONTROLLED POLYMERIZATION AND POLYMERIC STRUCTURES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2012_204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Structural characterization of lipidic systems under nonequilibrium conditions. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2012; 41:831-40. [PMID: 22569535 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-012-0815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review covers recent studies on the characterization of the dynamics of lipidic nanostructures formed via self-assembly processes. The focus is placed on two main topics: First, an overview of advanced experimental small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) setups combined with various sample manipulation techniques including, for instance, stop-flow mixing or rapid temperature-jump perturbation is given. Second, our recent synchrotron SAXS findings on the dynamic structural response of gold nanoparticle-loaded vesicles upon exposure to an ultraviolet light source, the impact of rapidly mixing negatively charged vesicles with calcium ions, and in situ hydration-induced formation of inverted-type liquid-crystalline phases loaded with the local anesthetic bupivacaine are summarized. These in situ time-resolved experiments allow real-time monitoring of the dynamics of the structural changes and the possible formation of intermediate states in the millisecond to second range. The need for investigating self-assembled systems, mainly stimuli-responsive drug nanocarriers, under nonequilibrium conditions is discussed. For pharmaceutically relevant applications, it is essential to combine these investigations with appropriate in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Saranathan V, Forster JD, Noh H, Liew SF, Mochrie SGJ, Cao H, Dufresne ER, Prum RO. Structure and optical function of amorphous photonic nanostructures from avian feather barbs: a comparative small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis of 230 bird species. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:2563-80. [PMID: 22572026 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-iridescent structural colours of feathers are a diverse and an important part of the phenotype of many birds. These colours are generally produced by three-dimensional, amorphous (or quasi-ordered) spongy β-keratin and air nanostructures found in the medullary cells of feather barbs. Two main classes of three-dimensional barb nanostructures are known, characterized by a tortuous network of air channels or a close packing of spheroidal air cavities. Using synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and optical spectrophotometry, we characterized the nanostructure and optical function of 297 distinctly coloured feathers from 230 species belonging to 163 genera in 51 avian families. The SAXS data provided quantitative diagnoses of the channel- and sphere-type nanostructures, and confirmed the presence of a predominant, isotropic length scale of variation in refractive index that produces strong reinforcement of a narrow band of scattered wavelengths. The SAXS structural data identified a new class of rudimentary or weakly nanostructured feathers responsible for slate-grey, and blue-grey structural colours. SAXS structural data provided good predictions of the single-scattering peak of the optical reflectance of the feathers. The SAXS structural measurements of channel- and sphere-type nanostructures are also similar to experimental scattering data from synthetic soft matter systems that self-assemble by phase separation. These results further support the hypothesis that colour-producing protein and air nanostructures in feather barbs are probably self-assembled by arrested phase separation of polymerizing β-keratin from the cytoplasm of medullary cells. Such avian amorphous photonic nanostructures with isotropic optical properties may provide biomimetic inspiration for photonic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodkumar Saranathan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Toma AC, Pfohl T. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) of Supramolecular Assemblies. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Asakura K. Polarization-dependent total reflection fluorescence extended X-ray absorption fine structure and its application to supported catalysis. CATALYSIS 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849734776-00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-dependent total reflection fluorescence-extended X-ray absorption fine structure (PTRF-EXAFS) is a powerful tool to investigate the structures of highly dispersed metal clusters on oxide surfaces that provide a model system for supported metal catalysts. PTRF-EXAFS provides three-dimensional structural information of the dispersed metal clusters, in addition to the metal-support interface structure in the presence of a gas phase. Results from PTRF-EXAFS have revealed that the metal species interacts strongly with surface anions. Finally the future of PTRF-EXAFS is discussed in combination with the next generation light sources, such as X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) and energy recovery linac (ERL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Asakura
- Catalysis Research Center Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan.
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Angelova A, Angelov B, Garamus VM, Couvreur P, Lesieur S. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Investigations of Biomolecular Confinement, Loading, and Release from Liquid-Crystalline Nanochannel Assemblies. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:445-457. [PMID: 26285865 DOI: 10.1021/jz2014727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective explores the recent progress made by means of small-angle scattering methods in structural studies of phase transitions in amphiphilic liquid-crystalline systems with nanochannel architectures and outlines some future directions in the area of hierarchically organized and stimuli-responsive nanochanneled assemblies involving biomolecules. Time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering investigations using synchrotron radiation enable monitoring of the structural dynamics, the modulation of the nanochannel hydration, as well as the key changes in the soft matter liquid-crystalline organization upon stimuli-induced phase transitions. They permit establishing of the inner nanostructure transformation kinetics and determination of the precise sizes of the hydrophobic membraneous compartments and the aqueous channel diameters in self-assembled network architectures. Time-resolved structural studies accelerate novel biomedical, pharmaceutical, and nanotechnology applications of nanochannel soft materials by providing better control of DNA, peptide and protein nanoconfinement, and release from diverse stimuli-responsive nanocarrier systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Angelova
- †CNRS UMR8612 Physico-chimie-Pharmacotechnie-Biopharmacie, Univ Paris Sud 11, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296 France
| | - Borislav Angelov
- ‡Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vasil M Garamus
- §Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- †CNRS UMR8612 Physico-chimie-Pharmacotechnie-Biopharmacie, Univ Paris Sud 11, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296 France
| | - Sylviane Lesieur
- †CNRS UMR8612 Physico-chimie-Pharmacotechnie-Biopharmacie, Univ Paris Sud 11, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296 France
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Synchrotron radiation studies in Poland—The 10th International School and Symposium on Synchrotron Radiation in Natural Science (ISSRNS). Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jensen TH, Bech M, Bunk O, Thomsen M, Menzel A, Bouchet A, Le Duc G, Feidenhans'l R, Pfeiffer F. Brain tumor imaging using small-angle x-ray scattering tomography. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:1717-26. [PMID: 21346275 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/6/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate high-resolution small-angle x-ray scattering computed tomography (SAXS-CT) of soft matter and soft tissue samples. Complete SAXS patterns over extended ranges of momentum transfer are reconstructed spatially resolved from volumes inside an extended sample. Several SAXS standard samples are used to quantitatively validate the method and demonstrate its performance. Further results on biomedical tissue samples (rat brains) are presented that demonstrate the advantages of the method compared to existing biomedical x-ray imaging approaches. Functional areas of the brains as well as tumor morphology are imaged. By providing insights into the structural organization at the nano-level, SAXS-CT complements and extends results obtainable with standard methods such as x-ray absorption tomography and histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben H Jensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Yaghmur A, Sartori B, Rappolt M. The role of calcium in membrane condensation and spontaneous curvature variations in model lipidic systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:3115-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01036g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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