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Velázquez-Jiménez I, Rocha-Guzmán NE, Moreno-Jiménez MR, Vázquez-Cabral BD, Macías-Salas A, Salas-Pacheco J, Herrera-Rocha KM, González-Laredo RF, Gallegos-Infante JA. Oral toxicity of the acetone extract of Coffea arabica var. Oro Azteca leaves in CD-1 mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 193:115018. [PMID: 39307343 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of coffee leaves as a source of bioactive principles represents a relatively unexplored area of research. The study assesses the potential adverse effects of an aqueous acetone extract derived from Coffea arabica var. Oro Azteca leaves. The phenolic composition of the extract was identified and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS, and its acute and repeated-dose effects were evaluated in six-week-old CD-1 mice (n = 11 for acute evaluation and n = 20 female and n = 20 male for repeated-dose evaluation). The extract demonstrated no significant toxicity, maintaining consistent body weight and exhibiting a hepatoprotective effect by reducing ALT levels at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Some hyperactivity was observed at the highest doses, but overall, the extract enhanced the immune response and showed no histological alterations, except for mild inflammation in certain organs. The extract, which contains abundant quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and mangiferin, has been deemed safe for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Velázquez-Jiménez
- Laboratorio Nacional Conahcyt de Apoyo a la Evaluación de Productos Bióticos (LaNAEPBi), Unidad de Servicio, Tecnológico Nacional de México/ I.T. de Durango (TecNM/ITD), Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., C.P. 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Nuria Elizabeth Rocha-Guzmán
- Laboratorio Nacional Conahcyt de Apoyo a la Evaluación de Productos Bióticos (LaNAEPBi), Unidad de Servicio, Tecnológico Nacional de México/ I.T. de Durango (TecNM/ITD), Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., C.P. 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico.
| | - Martha Rocío Moreno-Jiménez
- Laboratorio Nacional Conahcyt de Apoyo a la Evaluación de Productos Bióticos (LaNAEPBi), Unidad de Servicio, Tecnológico Nacional de México/ I.T. de Durango (TecNM/ITD), Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., C.P. 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico.
| | - Blanca Denis Vázquez-Cabral
- Laboratorio Nacional Conahcyt de Apoyo a la Evaluación de Productos Bióticos (LaNAEPBi), Unidad de Servicio, Tecnológico Nacional de México/ I.T. de Durango (TecNM/ITD), Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., C.P. 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Alejo Macías-Salas
- Hospital Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Depto. de Patología. Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores Del Estado, Durango, Mexico
| | - José Salas-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez Del Estado de Durango, Mexico
| | - Karen Marlenne Herrera-Rocha
- Laboratorio Nacional Conahcyt de Apoyo a la Evaluación de Productos Bióticos (LaNAEPBi), Unidad de Servicio, Tecnológico Nacional de México/ I.T. de Durango (TecNM/ITD), Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., C.P. 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Rubén Francisco González-Laredo
- Laboratorio Nacional Conahcyt de Apoyo a la Evaluación de Productos Bióticos (LaNAEPBi), Unidad de Servicio, Tecnológico Nacional de México/ I.T. de Durango (TecNM/ITD), Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., C.P. 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - José Alberto Gallegos-Infante
- Laboratorio Nacional Conahcyt de Apoyo a la Evaluación de Productos Bióticos (LaNAEPBi), Unidad de Servicio, Tecnológico Nacional de México/ I.T. de Durango (TecNM/ITD), Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., C.P. 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
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2
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V G, Kothapalli P, Vasanthan M. A Comprehensive Review on Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as a Carrier for Oral Absorption of Phyto-Bioactives. Cureus 2024; 16:e68339. [PMID: 39355082 PMCID: PMC11444802 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.68339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Phyto-bioactive (PB) compounds are naturally occurring substances derived from plants that offer significant health benefits ranging from antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities to potential cancer-fighting properties. However, their widespread application is limited by several inherent limitations, such as low bioavailability, poor biostability, limited aqueous solubility, and no site-specific target. Additionally, the necessity for high concentrations of effective PBs doses further restricts their use. Encapsulating PBs in suitable nanocarriers, particularly solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), can enhance their stability in biological environments, improve water solubility, enable controlled release, and allow for targeted delivery. This innovative approach increases bioavailability, reduces toxicity, and potentially lowers effective dosages. The current review examines the critical factors influencing oral PBs delivery, explores how biocompatible and biodegradable SLNs can be optimized to overcome these challenges, and discusses emerging techniques in nanoparticle design that could further enhance the efficacy of PBs delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul V
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, IND
| | - Pavithra Kothapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, IND
| | - Manimaran Vasanthan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, IND
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Arsov A, Tsigoriyna L, Batovska D, Armenova N, Mu W, Zhang W, Petrov K, Petrova P. Bacterial Degradation of Antinutrients in Foods: The Genomic Insight. Foods 2024; 13:2408. [PMID: 39123599 PMCID: PMC11311503 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antinutrients, also known as anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), are compounds found in many plant-based foods that can limit the bioavailability of nutrients or can act as precursors to toxic substances. ANFs have controversial effects on human health, depending mainly on their concentration. While the positive effects of these compounds are well documented, the dangers they pose and the approaches to avoid them have not been discussed to the same extent. There is no dispute that many ANFs negatively alter the absorption of vitamins, minerals, and proteins in addition to inhibiting some enzyme activities, thus negatively affecting the bioavailability of nutrients in the human body. This review discusses the chemical properties, plant bioavailability, and deleterious effects of anti-minerals (phytates and oxalates), glycosides (cyanogenic glycosides and saponins), polyphenols (tannins), and proteinaceous ANFs (enzyme inhibitors and lectins). The focus of this study is on the possibility of controlling the amount of ANF in food through fermentation. An overview of the most common biochemical pathways for their microbial reduction is provided, showing the genetic basis of these phenomena, including the active enzymes, the optimal conditions of action, and some data on the regulation of their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Arsov
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Lidia Tsigoriyna
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (D.B.); (N.A.); (K.P.)
| | - Daniela Batovska
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (D.B.); (N.A.); (K.P.)
| | - Nadya Armenova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (D.B.); (N.A.); (K.P.)
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.M.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.M.); (W.Z.)
| | - Kaloyan Petrov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (D.B.); (N.A.); (K.P.)
| | - Penka Petrova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Tiwari D, Kumar N, Bongirwar R, Shukla P. Nutraceutical prospects of genetically engineered cyanobacteria- technological updates and significance. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:263. [PMID: 38980547 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Genetically engineered cyanobacterial strains that have improved growth rate, biomass productivity, and metabolite productivity could be a better option for sustainable bio-metabolite production. The global demand for biobased metabolites with nutraceuticals and health benefits has increased due to their safety and plausible therapeutic and nutritional utility. Cyanobacteria are solar-powered green cellular factories that can be genetically tuned to produce metabolites with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical benefits. The present review discusses biotechnological endeavors for producing bioprospective compounds from genetically engineered cyanobacteria and discusses the challenges and troubleshooting faced during metabolite production. This review explores the cyanobacterial versatility, the use of engineered strains, and the techno-economic challenges associated with scaling up metabolite production from cyanobacteria. Challenges to produce cyanobacterial bioactive compounds with remarkable nutraceutical values have been discussed. Additionally, this review also summarises the challenges and future prospects of metabolite production from genetically engineered cyanobacteria as a sustainable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Tiwari
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niwas Kumar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riya Bongirwar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Li Y, Grotewold E, Dudareva N. Enough is enough: feedback control of specialized metabolism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:514-523. [PMID: 37625949 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of plant metabolism have highlighted the significance of specialized metabolites in the regulation of gene expression associated with biosynthetic networks. This opinion article focuses on the molecular mechanisms of small-molecule-mediated feedback regulation at the transcriptional level and its potential modes of action, including metabolite signal perception, the nature of the sensor, and the signaling transduction mechanisms leading to transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, based on evidence available from plants and other kingdoms of life. We also discuss the challenges associated with identifying the occurrences, effects, and localization of small molecule-protein interactions. Further understanding of small-molecule-controlled metabolic fluxes will enable rational design of transcriptional regulation systems in metabolic engineering to produce high-value specialized metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Jimoh MA, Jimoh MO, Bello M, Raimi IO, Okunlola GO, Mkhwanazi N, Laubscher CP. In vitro anti-HIV, cytotoxicity and nutritional analysis of Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae). BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:35. [PMID: 38216975 PMCID: PMC10785464 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antiretroviral therapy has brought a tremendous relief to the world as it minimizes mortality, reduces HIV transmission, and suppresses progression in infected patients. However, the orthodox antiretroviral therapy is faced with limitations which have necessitated a continuous search for more novel plant-based antiviral compounds, which can bypass the existing barriers created by drug resistance and target more viral proteins. Despite the edibility and enormous pharmacological benefits of T. portulacastrum, little is known about its nutrient profiles and potential use as a natural source of antiviral drug. This study focuses on the full feed analysis and anti-HIV potential of two biotypes of T. portulacastrum. Ethanolic extracts of both biotypes of T. portulacastrum (T01 and T02) had significant inhibitory effects on the level of replication of the HIV-1. Both extracts induced the inhibition of at least 50% of the HIV-1 viral load at considerably low IC50 values of 1.757 mg/mL (T01) and 1.205 mg/mL (T02) which is comparable to the AZT standard. The protein composition ranged between 8.63-22.69%; fat (1.84-4.33%); moisture (7.89-9.04%); fibre (23.84-49.98%); and carbohydrate content (38.54-70.14%). Mineral contents of tested T. portulacastrum varied considerably in different parts of the plant. Nitrogen N mineral ranged between 13.8-36.3 mg/g; sodium Na (2.0-14.0 mg/g); potassium K (14.0-82.0 mg/g); magnesium Mg (2.8-7.1 mg/g); calcium Ca (9.1-24.7 mg/g); phosphorus P (1.3-3.6 mg/g); iron Fe (193.5-984.0 ppm); zinc Zn (42.5-96.0 ppm); manganese Mn (28.5-167.5 ppm); and copper Cu (2.0-8.5 ppm). These mineral values are comparable or higher than values quoted for common vegetables, suggesting that T. portulacastrum is a nutrient-dense vegetable that could provide alternative sources of antiviral nutrients to HIV-infected individuals. Further studies are recommended to unravel key metabolites responsible for high nutrient profiles and antiretroviral effects in T. portulacastrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhali Olaide Jimoh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
- Department of Plant Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria.
| | - Mujidat Bello
- National Biotechnology Development Agency, Lugbe, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Nompumelelo Mkhwanazi
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4013, South Africa
| | - Charles Petrus Laubscher
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
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Ozan G, Cumbul A, Sumer E, Aydin A, Ekinci FY. Safety assessment of European cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) fruit juice: Acute and subacute oral toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114082. [PMID: 37783419 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
European cranberrybush (ECB) (Viburnum opulus L.) fruits are abundant in phenolic compounds associated with various health benefits. However, the toxicity and safety of ECB juice have not been systematically studied. In the present study, acute and subacute oral toxicities of ECB fruit juice were evaluated on Sprague-Dawley rats and BALB/c mice to establish a toxicity profile. In acute tests, a single administration of 2000 mg/kg body weight of extract to rats exhibited no clinical signs of toxicity or mortality, indicating that the lethal dose (LD50) was over 2000 mg/kg. In subacute tests, repeated administration for 28 days at 0 (control), 500, and 2000 mg/kg doses of extract in mice did not display adverse clinical signs or deaths. However, in the 2000 mg/kg subacute group, platelet counts were significantly high, which correlated with histopathological analyses revealing that ECB extract at 2000 mg/kg was toxic to the kidney, liver, and adipose tissue. The NOAEL value of ECB extract was found as 500 mg/kg/day, but further sub-chronic and chronic toxicity studies are warranted to comprehensively evaluate the long-term safety implications. The study's results emphasize the importance of considering the dosage of dietary supplements containing high levels of phenolic compounds over an extended period to avoid potential cumulative effects from prolonged consumption of high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ozan
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul, Turkiye; Yeditepe University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Biotechnology Program, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Alev Cumbul
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Engin Sumer
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Ahmet Aydin
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - F Yesim Ekinci
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul, Turkiye; Yeditepe University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Biotechnology Program, Istanbul, Turkiye.
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Martínez-Alonso C, Taroncher M, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Ruiz MJ. Evaluation of the Bioaccessible Fraction of T-2 Toxin from Cereals and Its Effect on the Viability of Caco-2 Cells Exposed to Tyrosol. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:493. [PMID: 37624250 PMCID: PMC10467075 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioaccessibility of mycotoxins is an important factor that has to be considered when assessing the risk they pose to human health. Bioactive compounds like phenolics could play a protective role against the toxic effects of contaminants. In this work, the bioaccessible fraction of the T-2 toxin (T-2) contained in breakfast cereals and its effect on the viability of Caco-2 cells were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of tyrosol (a polyphenol abundant in EVOO) on T-2-induced cytotoxicity was evaluated in the same cell line. After standardized in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the T-2 toxin was released from T-2-spiked breakfast cereals and further quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS. The bioaccessible fraction of T-2 was 51 ± 4%. The cell viability study was performed by pre-treating the cells for 24 h with tyrosol (25, 50 and 100 µM) and subsequently adding T-2 at 15 nM or by treating the cells with a combination of tyrosol and T-2. In the simultaneous treatment, 25 µM tyrosol prevented the toxic effects produced by the exposure to T-2 at 15 nM; however, cytotoxic effects were observed for the other combinations tested. The pre-treatment of Caco-2 cells with tyrosol did not attenuate the cytotoxic effects caused by exposure to T-2. These results suggest that tyrosol at low concentrations (25 µM) could exert a cytoprotective effect on Caco-2 cells against 15 nM T-2 when administered simultaneously with T-2. However, more studies are required to corroborate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-A.); (M.T.); (M.-J.R.)
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9
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Bartkiene E, Starkute V, Jomantaite I, Zokaityte E, Mockus E, Tolpeznikaite E, Zokaityte G, Petrova P, Santini A, Rocha JM, Özogul F, Klupsaite D. Multifunctional Nutraceutical Composition Based on Fermented Spirulina, Apple Cider Vinegar, Jerusalem Artichoke, and Bovine Colostrum. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081690. [PMID: 37107485 PMCID: PMC10138001 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this experiment was to develop a multifunctional nutraceutical composition based on ingredients of different origins (Spirulina powder (SP), bovine colostrum (BC), Jerusalem artichoke powder (JAP), and apple cider vinegar (ACV)) which possess different health benefits through their different mechanisms of action. In order to improve the functional properties of Spirulina and bovine colostrum, fermentation with the Pediococcus acidilactici No. 29 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LUHS244 strains, respectively, was carried out. These LAB strains were chosen due to their good antimicrobial properties. The following parameters were analysed: for Spirulina (non-treated and fermented)-pH, colour coordinates, fatty acid profile, and contents of L-glutamic and GABA acids; for bovine colostrum (non-treated and fermented)-pH, colour coordinates, dry matter, and microbiological parameters (total LAB, total bacteria, total enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, and mould/yeast counts); for the produced nutraceuticals-hardness, colour coordinates, and overall acceptability. It was established that fermentation reduced the pH of the SP and BC and affected their colour coordinates. Fermented SP contained a greater concentration of gamma-aminobutyric and L-glutamic acids (by 5.2 times and 31.4% more, respectively), compared to the non-treated SP and BC. In addition, the presence of gamma-linolenic and omega-3 fatty acids was observed in fermented SP. Fermentation of BC reduces Escherichia coli, total bacteria, total enterobacteria, and total mould/yeast counts in samples. The obtained three-layer nutraceutical (I layer-fermented SP; II-fermented BC and JAP; III-ACV) demonstrated a high overall acceptability. Finally, our finding suggest that the selected nutraceutical combination has immense potential in the production of a multifunctional product with improved functionality and a high acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bartkiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytaute Starkute
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Jomantaite
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Egle Zokaityte
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ernestas Mockus
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ernesta Tolpeznikaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gintare Zokaityte
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Penka Petrova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str. bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fatih Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana 01330, Turkey
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Dovile Klupsaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Genetic Improvement to Obtain Specialized Haematococcus pluvialis Genotypes for the Production of Carotenoids, with Particular Reference to Astaxanthin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the search for natural substances with a high nutraceutical effect positively impact the world market. Among the most attractive macromolecules are antioxidants, capable of preventing the development of various pathologies. Astaxanthin (ASX) is antioxidant molecule produced by the microalga H. pluvialis as a response to different types of stress. Usually, astaxanthin production involves the first phase of accumulation of the biomass of H. pluvialis (green phase), which is then stressed to stimulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of ASX (red phase). In this study, the H. pluvialis wild-type strain was subjected to random mutagenesis by UV. Among the different mutant strains obtained, only two showed interesting bio-functional characteristics, such as a good growth rate. The results demonstrated that the HM1010 mutant not only has a higher growth trend than the WT mutant but accumulates and produces ASX even in the green phase. This innovative genotype would guarantee the continuous production of ASX, not linked to the two-step process and the uniqueness of the product obtained.
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11
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More PR, Pandit S, Filippis AD, Franci G, Mijakovic I, Galdiero M. Silver Nanoparticles: Bactericidal and Mechanistic Approach against Drug Resistant Pathogens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:369. [PMID: 36838334 PMCID: PMC9961011 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the different modes of synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from their elemental state to particle format and their mechanism of action against multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming bacterial pathogens. Various studies have demonstrated that the AgNPs cause oxidative stress, protein dysfunction, membrane disruption, and DNA damage in bacteria, ultimately leading to bacterial death. AgNPs have also been found to alter the adhesion of bacterial cells to prevent biofilm formation. The benefits of using AgNPs in medicine are, to some extent, counter-weighted by their toxic effect on humans and the environment. In this review, we have compiled recent studies demonstrating the antibacterial activity of AgNPs, and we are discussing the known mechanisms of action of AgNPs against bacterial pathogens. Ongoing clinical trials involving AgNPs are briefly presented. A particular focus is placed on the mechanism of interaction of AgNPs with bacterial biofilms, which are a significant pathogenicity determinant. A brief overview of the use of AgNPs in other medical applications (e.g., diagnostics, promotion of wound healing) and the non-medical sectors is presented. Finally, current drawbacks and limitations of AgNPs use in medicine are discussed, and perspectives for the improved future use of functionalized AgNPs in medical applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Rajendra More
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Santosh Pandit
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Bio Sustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
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12
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Komala MG, Ong SG, Qadri MU, Elshafie LM, Pollock CA, Saad S. Investigating the Regulatory Process, Safety, Efficacy and Product Transparency for Nutraceuticals in the USA, Europe and Australia. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020427. [PMID: 36673519 PMCID: PMC9857896 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased numbers of patients with chronic conditions use nutraceuticals or food-based therapeutics. However, to date, there is no global consensus on the regulatory processes for nutraceuticals. With the increased use, issues of quality and safety have also arisen. This review summarises the current regulations held for nutraceuticals in the USA, European and Australian jurisdictions using regulatory authority sites and databases. The efficacy and safety concerns, product development, gaps in regulation and challenges in ensuring product authenticity are also summarised. The data highlight the complexity that the globalisation of nutraceuticals brings with respect to challenges in regulation and associated claims regarding efficacy and safety. The development of an effective system with integrity is needed to increase vertical collaboration between consumers, healthcare practitioners, and government agencies and the development of international risk assessment criteria and botanical compendia. This will help in greater transparency and improved trust in the process and products. Emerging technologies could play a role in improving systems engineering by information sharing and leveraging the strengths of different countries. In conclusion, nutraceuticals have been poorly regulated leading to spurious claims based on little or no real evidence. This makes it difficult to separate meaningful results from poor data. More stringent regulation and an effective system of integrity are required to ensure efficacy and safety and enable the adequate monitoring and increase consumer and healthcare professionals' confidence.
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13
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Redox Remodeling by Nutraceuticals for Prevention and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010132. [PMID: 36670995 PMCID: PMC9855137 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant-rich dietary regimens are considered the best practice to maintain health, control inflammation, and prevent inflammatory diseases. Yet, nutraceuticals as food supplements are self-prescribed and purchasable over the counter by healthy individuals for the purpose of beneficial effects on fitness and aging. Hence, the effectiveness, safety, and correct intake of these compounds need to be better explored. Since redox-modulating activity of these compounds appears to be involved in activation and or suppression of immune cells, the preventive use of nutraceuticals is very attractive even for healthy people. This review focuses on redox- and immunomodulating nutraceuticals in the context of diabetes mellitus (DM). In fact, DM is an illustrative disease of latent and predictable inflammatory pathogenetic processes set out and sustained by oxidative stress. DM has been thoroughly investigated through in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, human DM is characterized by uncontrolled levels of glucose, a pivotal factor shaping immune responses. Hence, antioxidant nutraceuticals with multifaced activities, including glucose keeping, are described here. A greater number of such multi-player nutraceuticals might be identified using DM animal models and validated in clinical settings on genetic and environmental high-risk individuals.
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14
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Nutraceuticals in mood disorders: current knowledge and future directions. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2023; 36:54-59. [PMID: 36044293 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a large evidence base of clinical trials that have investigated the efficacy of a range of nutraceuticals on mood disorders. The aim of the current review is to provide an update regarding the efficacy and safety of nutraceutical agents in mood disorders and to highlight considerations for future research. RECENT FINDINGS Nutraceuticals such as omega-3, probiotics, zinc, saffron and curcumin have been recommended as adjunctive interventions to standard treatments for people with depression, while St John's wort has been recommended as a monotherapy. In contrast, less research has been devoted to investigating the effect of nutraceuticals in bipolar disorder, with omega-3 being weakly recommended as an adjunctive to standard treatments. Although the safety profile of most nutraceuticals appears acceptable, more insight into the long-term effects within a range of cohorts is recommended. SUMMARY There are a number of nutraceuticals that have clinical trial support for their use as either adjunctive interventions for depression; however, there is mostly limited support for their use in bipolar disorder. Further randomized controlled trials that take into consideration a number of emerging mechanisms, potential nutraceutical combinations and factors that may predict treatment response are required to inform clinical use.
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15
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Fuel M, Mesas C, Martínez R, Ortiz R, Quiñonero F, Bermúdez F, Gutiérrez N, Torres AM, Kapravelou G, Lozano A, Perazzoli G, Prados J, Porres JM, Melguizo C. Antioxidant and Chemopreventive Activity of Protein Hydrolysates from Raw and Germinated Flour of Legumes with Commercial Interest in Colorectal Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2421. [PMID: 36552629 PMCID: PMC9774143 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes are a highly nutritious source of plant protein, fiber, minerals and vitamins. However, they also contain several bioactive compounds with significant potential benefits for human health. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant, antitumor and chemopreventive activity of functional extracts from legumes using raw and germinated flours of six legume species of commercial interest. The methodology carried out consisted on the development of protein hydrolysates, assessment of their antioxidant capacity and in vitro tests on T84, HCT15 and SW480 colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Our results showed a high antitumor activity of protein hydrolysate from M. sativa. Likewise, when combined with 5-Fluorouracile (5-Fu), there was a synergistic effect using extract concentrations from 50 to 175 µg/mL and 5-Fu concentrations from 1.5 to 5 µM. Similarly, the induction effect on detoxifying enzymes by the extracts of M. sativa, germinated V. faba Baraca × LVzt1 and V. narbonensis, which produced a higher induction rate than the positive control sulforaphane (10 µM), should be highlighted. Therefore, incorporating these enzymes into the diet could provide nutritional effects, as well as play an effective role in cancer chemoprevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fuel
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Mesas
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Martínez
- Cellbitec S.L., N.I.F. B04847216, Scientific Headquarters of the Almería Technology Park, Universidad de Almería, 04128 La Cañada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Raúl Ortiz
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Quiñonero
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Bermúdez
- Cellbitec S.L., N.I.F. B04847216, Scientific Headquarters of the Almería Technology Park, Universidad de Almería, 04128 La Cañada, Spain
| | - Natalia Gutiérrez
- IFAPA Centro Alameda del Obispo, Área de Genómica y Biotecnología, Apdo 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana M. Torres
- IFAPA Centro Alameda del Obispo, Área de Genómica y Biotecnología, Apdo 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Garyfallia Kapravelou
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Aída Lozano
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Perazzoli
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Porres
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
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16
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Zeko-Pivač A, Bošnjaković A, Planinić M, Parlov Vuković J, Novak P, Jednačak T, Tišma M. Improvement of the Nutraceutical Profile of Brewer's Spent Grain after Treatment with Trametes versicolor. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2295. [PMID: 36422365 PMCID: PMC9693169 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is an important secondary raw material that provides a readily available natural source of nutraceuticals. It finds its largest application as animal feed and part of the human diet, while the future perspective predicts an application in the production of value-added products. In order to investigate a sustainable BSG treatment method, two BSG samples (BSG1 and BSG2) were evaluated as substrates for the production of hydrolytic (xylanase, β-glucosidase and cellulase) and lignolytic enzymes (laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase) by solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Trametes versicolor while improving BSG nutritional value. The biological treatment was successful for the production of all hydrolytic enzymes and laccase and manganese peroxidase, while it was unsuccessful for the production of lignin peroxidase. Because the two BSGs were chemically different, the Trametes versicolor enzymes were synthesized at different fermentation times and had different activities. Consequently, the chemical composition of the two BSG samples at the end of fermentation was also different. The biological treatment had a positive effect on the increase in protein content, ash content, polyphenolic compounds, and sugars in BSG1. In BSG2, there was a decrease in the content of reducing sugars. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were degraded in BSG1, whereas only cellulose was degraded in BSG2, and the content of hemicellulose and lignin increased. The fat content decreased in both samples. The safety-related correctness analysis showed that the biologically treated sample did not contain any harmful components and was therefore safe for use in nutritionally enriched animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Zeko-Pivač
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anja Bošnjaković
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mirela Planinić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Predrag Novak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Jednačak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Tišma
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia
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17
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Liu Z. A review of plant antipathogenic constituents: Source, activity and mechanism. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105225. [PMID: 36464345 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Green prevention and control of plant pathogens is a development direction of sustainable and low-carbon agriculture given the limitation of traditional chemicals. Plant-derived antipathogenic constituents (PAPCs) exhibit the advantages of being environmental benign and a broad spectrum of target pathogens over traditional chemicals. Here, we review the research advances on plant sources, chemical compositions, activities of antipathogenic constituents in the past 20 years. Reported PAPCs are classified into categories of phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and antimicrobial peptides. Angiosperms, gymnosperms and some lower plants are the main plant source of detected PAPCs. The PAPCs act on pathogens through multiple pathways including destroying cell structures, blocking key composition synthesis and inhibiting cell metabolism. The development trends of PAPCs are finally prospected. This review serves as a comprehensive review on the study of plant antipathogenic constituents and a key reference for forecasting the source, characteristic and activity of PAPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Wang
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongdong Xu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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18
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Oueslati S, Ben Yakhlef S, Vila-Donat P, Pallarés N, Ferrer E, Barba F, Berrada H. Multi-mycotoxin determination in coffee beans marketed in Tunisia and the associated dietary exposure assessment. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091515. [PMID: 36143299 PMCID: PMC9500804 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a tangle-shaped accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide fragments and Tau protein in brain neurons. The pathophysiological mechanism involves the presence of Aβ-amyloid peptide, Tau protein, oxidative stress, and an exacerbated neuro-inflammatory response. This review aims to offer an updated compendium of the most recent and promising advances in AD treatment through the administration of phytochemicals. The literature survey was carried out by electronic search in the following specialized databases PubMed/Medline, Embase, TRIP database, Google Scholar, Wiley, and Web of Science regarding published works that included molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways targeted by phytochemicals in various experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease in vitro and in vivo. The results of the studies showed that the use of phytochemicals against AD has gained relevance due to their antioxidant, anti-neuroinflammatory, anti-amyloid, and anti-hyperphosphorylation properties of Tau protein. Some bioactive compounds from plants have been shown to have the ability to prevent and stop the progression of Alzheimer’s.
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20
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Lokesh KN, Raichur AM. Bioactive nutraceutical ligands and their efficiency to chelate elemental iron of varying dynamic oxidation states to mitigate associated clinical conditions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:517-543. [PMID: 35943179 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2106936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The natural bioactive or nutraceuticals exhibit several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, metal chelation, antiviral, and antimicrobial activity. The inherent limitation of nutraceuticals or bioactive ligand(s) in terms of poor pharmacokinetic and other physicochemical properties affects their overall therapeutic efficiency. The excess of iron in the physiological compartments and its varying dynamic oxidation state [Fe(II) and Fe(III)] precipitates various clinical conditions such as non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI), labile iron pool (LIP), ferroptosis, cancer, etc. Though several natural bioactive ligands are proposed to chelate iron, the efficiency of bioactive ligands is limited due to poor bioavailability, denticity, and other related physicochemical properties. The present review provides insight into the relevance of studying the dynamic oxidation state of iron(II) and iron(III) in the physiological compartments and its clinical significance for selecting diagnostics and therapeutic regimes. We suggested a three-pronged approach, i.e., diagnosis, selection of therapeutic regime (natural bioactive), and integration of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) or nanotechnology-based principles. This systematic approach improves the overall therapeutic efficiency of natural iron chelators to manage iron overload-related clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Lokesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashok M Raichur
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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21
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Zhou H, Yan Z, Wu A, Liu N. Mycotoxins in Tea (( Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze)): Contamination and Dietary Exposure Profiling in the Chinese Population. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:452. [PMID: 35878190 PMCID: PMC9318285 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is popular worldwide with multiple health benefits. It may be contaminated by the accidental introduction of toxigenic fungi during production and storage. The present study focuses on potential mycotoxin contamination in tea and the probable dietary exposure assessments associated with consumption. The contamination levels for 16 mycotoxins in 352 Chinese tea samples were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Average concentrations of almost all mycotoxins in tea samples were below the established regulations, except for ochratoxin A in the dark tea samples. A risk assessment was performed for the worst-case scenarios by point evaluation and Monte Carlo assessment model using the obtained mycotoxin levels and the available green, oolong, black, and dark tea consumption data from cities in China. Additionally, we discuss dietary risk through tea consumption as beverages and dietary supplements. In conclusion, there is no dietary risk of exposure to mycotoxins through tea consumption in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Na Liu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (A.W.)
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22
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Vlčko T, Rathod NB, Kulawik P, Ozogul Y, Ozogul F. The impact of aromatic plant-derived bioactive compounds on seafood quality and safety. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 102:275-339. [PMID: 36064295 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived bioactive compounds have been extensively studied and used within food industry for the last few decades. Those compounds have been used to extend the shelf-life and improve physico-chemical and sensory properties on food products. They have also been used as nutraceuticals due to broad range of potential health-promoting properties. Unlike the synthetic additives, the natural plant-derived compounds are more acceptable and often regarded as safer by the consumers. This chapter summarizes the extraction methods and sources of those plant-derived bioactives as well as recent findings in relation to their health-promoting properties, including cardio-protective, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immuno-modulatory and neuro-protective properties. In addition, the impact of applying those plant-derived compounds on seafood products is also investigated by reviewing the recent studies on their use as anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, coloring and flavoring agents as well as freshness indicators. Moreover, the current limitations of the use of plant-derived bioactive compounds as well as future prospects are discussed. The discoveries show high potential of those compounds and the possibility to apply on many different seafood. The compounds can be applied as individual while more and more studies are showing synergetic effect when those compounds are used in combination providing new important research possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Vlčko
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak Agriculture University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Nikheel Bhojraj Rathod
- Department of Post Harvest Management of Meat, Poultry and Fish, Post Graduate Institute of Post-Harvest Management, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Roha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Piotr Kulawik
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Yesim Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
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23
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Research progress of Lycium barbarum L. as functional food: phytochemical composition and health benefits. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Frangiamone M, Alonso-Garrido M, Font G, Cimbalo A, Manyes L. Pumpkin extract and fermented whey individually and in combination alleviated AFB1- and OTA-induced alterations on neuronal differentiation invitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113011. [PMID: 35447289 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food and feed are daily exposed to mycotoxin contamination which effects may be counteracted by functional compounds like carotenoids and fermented whey. Among mycotoxins, the most toxic and studied are aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), which neurotoxicity is not well reported. Therefore, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells ongoing differentiation were exposed during 7 days to digested bread extracts contained pumpkin and fermented whey, individually and in combination, along with AFB1 and OTA and their combination, in order to evaluate their presumed effects on neuronal differentiation. The immunofluorescence analysis of βIII-tubulin and dopamine markers pointed to OTA as the most damaging treatment for cell differentiation. Cell cycle analysis reported the highest significant differences for OTA-contained bread compared to the control in phase G0/G1. Lastly, RNA extraction was performed and gene expression was analyzed by qPCR. The selected genes were related to neuronal differentiation and cell cycle. The addition of functional ingredients in breads not only enhancing the expression of neuronal markers, but also induced an overall improvement of gene expression compromised by mycotoxins activity. These data confirm that in vitro neuronal differentiation may be impaired by AFB1 and OTA-exposure, which could be modulated by bioactive compounds naturally found in diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Frangiamone
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Manuel Alonso-Garrido
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guillermina Font
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Alessandra Cimbalo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Lara Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
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Effect of Phenolic Extract from Red Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on T-2 Toxin-Induced Cytotoxicity in HepG2 Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071033. [PMID: 35407120 PMCID: PMC8997370 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Red beans contain human bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. Several in vitro studies have proposed the natural compounds as an innovative strategy to modify the toxic effects produced by mycotoxins. Hence, in this work, a complete investigation of the polyphenolic fraction of red beans was performed using a Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. Notably, epicatechin and delphinidin were the most detected polyphenols found in red bean extracts (3.297 and 3.108 mg/Kg, respectively). Moreover, the red bean extract was evaluated against the T-2 toxin (T-2) induced cytotoxicity in hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2) by direct treatment, simultaneous treatment, and pre-treatment assays. These data showed that T-2 affected the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, as well as observing a cytotoxic effect and a significant increase in ROS production at 30 nM. The simultaneous treatment and the pre-treatment of HepG2 cells with red bean extract was not able to modify the cytotoxic T-2 effect. However, the simultaneous treatment of T-2 at 7.5 nM with the red bean extract showed a significant decrease in ROS production, with respect to the control. These results suggest that the red bean extract could modulate oxidative stress on HepG2 cells.
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Motolinía-Alcántara EA, Castillo-Araiza CO, Rodríguez-Monroy M, Román-Guerrero A, Cruz-Sosa F. Engineering Considerations to Produce Bioactive Compounds from Plant Cell Suspension Culture in Bioreactors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122762. [PMID: 34961231 PMCID: PMC8707313 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale production of plant-derived secondary metabolites (PDSM) in bioreactors to meet the increasing demand for bioactive compounds for the treatment and prevention of degenerative diseases is nowadays considered an engineering challenge due to the large number of operational factors that need to be considered during their design and scale-up. The plant cell suspension culture (CSC) has presented numerous benefits over other technologies, such as the conventional whole-plant extraction, not only for avoiding the overexploitation of plant species, but also for achieving better yields and having excellent scaling-up attributes. The selection of the bioreactor configuration depends on intrinsic cell culture properties and engineering considerations related to the effect of operating conditions on thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport phenomena, which together are essential for accomplishing the large-scale production of PDSM. To this end, this review, firstly, provides a comprehensive appraisement of PDSM, essentially those with demonstrated importance and utilization in pharmaceutical industries. Then, special attention is given to PDSM obtained out of CSC. Finally, engineering aspects related to the bioreactor configuration for CSC stating the effect of the operating conditions on kinetics and transport phenomena and, hence, on the cell viability and production of PDSM are presented accordingly. The engineering analysis of the reviewed bioreactor configurations for CSC will pave the way for future research focused on their scaling up, to produce high value-added PDSM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Omar Castillo-Araiza
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México 09310, Mexico;
| | - Mario Rodríguez-Monroy
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI), Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Yautepec 62731, Mexico;
| | - Angélica Román-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México 09310, Mexico;
| | - Francisco Cruz-Sosa
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México 09310, Mexico;
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