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Ye W, Hou K, Tao N, Li W, Tan Z, Huang Q, Yang D, Lin H, Deng Z, Xia Y, Yu G. Association between CD4 + T cells ATP levels and disease progression in patients with non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:369. [PMID: 38933807 PMCID: PMC11200158 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introducing the exploration of stimulated CD4+ cells adenosine triphosphate (sATPCD4) levels for immune monitoring post non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) chemotherapy, the present study aimed to investigate its efficacy in gauging the potential risk of disease progression (PD) in patients with NSCLC. Therefore, a total of 89 patients with advanced NSCLC, who underwent chemotherapy between August 15 2022 and August 30 2023 at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou, China), were retrospectively studied. Patients were divided into the PD (n=21) and disease stability (non-PD; n=68) groups and their clinical data were compared. The thresholds for predicting PD were identified using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to assess the association between peripheral blood markers and the incidence of PD. Therefore, post-chemotherapy, significant differences in white blood cell count, non-stimulated CD4+ cells ATP and sATPCD4 levels were obtained between patients in the PD and non-PD groups (P<0.05). In addition, sATPCD4 levels were notably decreased in the PD group compared with the non-PD group. Furthermore, ROC analysis revealed that the predictive threshold for PD was 224.5 ng/ml [area under the curve=0.887; 95% confidence interval, 0.811-0.963]. Additionally, patients with low immunity (ATP <224.5 ng/ml) exhibited a higher risk of PD compared with the high-immunity group (ATP >224.5 ng/ml; P<0.0001). Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that sATPCD4 could serve as an independent factor for predicting NSCLC progression. Overall, the current study predicted that immune function could be possibly associated with the risk of PD in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Ye
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Kailian Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Na Tao
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Weiyi Li
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiong Tan
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Qunfeng Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Dongheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Haoxin Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Zihao Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Guifang Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
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Minaei E, Ranson M, Aghmesheh M, Sluyter R, Vine KL. Enhancing pancreatic cancer immunotherapy: Leveraging localized delivery strategies through the use of implantable devices and scaffolds. J Control Release 2024; 373:145-160. [PMID: 38996923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains the predominant type of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer, associated with heightened morbidity and a survival rate below 12%. While immunotherapy has brought about transformative changes in the standards of care for most solid tumors, its application in PC is hindered by the ''cold tumor'' microenvironment, marked by the presence of immunosuppressive cells. Modest response rates in PC are attributed, in part to, the fibrotic stroma that obstructs the delivery of systemic immunotherapy. Furthermore, the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (iRAEs) often necessitates the use of sub-therapeutic doses or treatment discontinuation. In the pursuit of innovative approaches to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy for PC, implantable drug delivery devices and scaffolds emerge as promising strategies. These technologies offer the potential for sustained drug delivery directly to the tumor site, overcoming stromal barriers, immunosuppression, T cell exclusion, immunotherapy resistance, optimizing drug dosage, and mitigating systemic toxicity. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common and aggressive form of PC, accompanied by a critical analysis of the challenges the microenvironment presents to the development of successful combinational immunotherapy approaches. Despite efforts, these approaches have thus far fallen short in enhancing treatment outcomes for PDAC. The review will subsequently delve into the imperative need for refining delivery strategies, providing an examination of past and ongoing studies in the field of localized immunotherapy for PDAC. Addressing these issues will lay the groundwork for the development of effective new therapies, thereby enhancing treatment response, patient survival, and overall quality of life for individuals diagnosed with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Minaei
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - M Ranson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - M Aghmesheh
- Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Bright Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Sluyter
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - K L Vine
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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Zhang H, Li Y, Kang H, Lan J, Hou L, Chen Z, Li F, Liu Y, Zhao J, Li N, Wan Y, Zhu Y, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Zhuang J, Huang X. Genetically engineered membrane-based nanoengagers for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:104. [PMID: 38468289 PMCID: PMC10926568 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulating macrophages presents a promising avenue in tumor immunotherapy. However, tumor cells have evolved mechanisms to evade macrophage activation and phagocytosis. Herein, we introduced a bispecific antibody-based nanoengager to facilitate the recognition and phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages. Specifically, we genetically engineered two single chain variable fragments (scFv) onto cell membrane: anti-CD40 scFv for engaging with macrophages and anti-Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) scFv for interacting with tumor cells. These nanoengagers were further constructed by coating scFv-anchored membrane into PLGA nanoparticle core. Our developed nanoengagers significantly boosted immune responses, including increased recognition and phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages, enhanced activation and antigen presentation, and elevated cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. These combined benefits resulted in enhancing antitumor efficacy against highly aggressive "cold" pancreatic cancer. Overall, this study offers a versatile nanoengager design for immunotherapy, achieved through genetically engineering to incorporate antibody-anchored membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuanke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Helong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhengbang Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yajuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Xinglu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Agostini A, Guerriero I, Piro G, Quero G, Roberto L, Esposito A, Caggiano A, Priori L, Scaglione G, De Sanctis F, Sistigu A, Musella M, Larghi A, Rizzatti G, Lucchetti D, Alfieri S, Sgambato A, Bria E, Bizzozero L, Arena S, Ugel S, Corbo V, Tortora G, Carbone C. Talniflumate abrogates mucin immune suppressive barrier improving efficacy of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel treatment in pancreatic cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:843. [PMID: 37996891 PMCID: PMC10668479 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease. This is due to its aggressive course, late diagnosis and its intrinsic drugs resistance. The complexity of the tumor, in terms of cell components and heterogeneity, has led to the approval of few therapies with limited efficacy. The study of the early stages of carcinogenesis provides the opportunity for the identification of actionable pathways that underpin therapeutic resistance. METHODS We analyzed 43 Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) (12 Low-grade and 31 High-grade) by Spatial Transcriptomics. Mouse and human pancreatic cancer organoids and T cells interaction platforms were established to test the role of mucins expression on T cells activity. Syngeneic mouse model of PDAC was used to explore the impact of mucins downregulation on standard therapy efficacy. RESULTS Spatial transcriptomics showed that mucin O-glycosylation pathway is increased in the progression from low-grade to high-grade IPMN. We identified GCNT3, a master regulator of mucins expression, as an actionable target of this pathway by talniflumate. We showed that talniflumate impaired mucins expression increasing T cell activation and recognition using both mouse and human organoid interaction platforms. In vivo experiments showed that talniflumate was able to increase the efficacy of the chemotherapy by boosting immune infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Finally, we demonstrated that combination of talniflumate, an anti-inflammatory drug, with chemotherapy effectively improves anti-tumor effect in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Agostini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Guerriero
- Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Geny Piro
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Quero
- Digestive Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Roberto
- Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Annachiara Esposito
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Caggiano
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Priori
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Scaglione
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- University Hospital and Department of Medicine, Immunology Section, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Musella
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Larghi
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Center for Endoscopic Research, Therapeutics and Training, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Rizzatti
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Center for Endoscopic Research, Therapeutics and Training, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Lucchetti
- General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- General Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Alfieri
- Digestive Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- General Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Bria
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bizzozero
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Sabrina Arena
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- University Hospital and Department of Medicine, Immunology Section, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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Wang Z, Yuan Q, Chen X, Luo F, Shi X, Guo F, Ren J, Li S, Shang D. A prospective prognostic signature for pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on ubiquitination-related mRNA-lncRNA with experimental validation in vitro and vivo. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:263. [PMID: 37540295 PMCID: PMC10403435 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination-related genes (URGs) exerted a crucial part in a variety of human disease disorders; however, their association with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) had yet to be clearly described. We aimed to comprehensively characterize the contributions of URGs in PAAD through in silico analysis and experimental validation, and then identified a robust mRNA-lncRNA-based molecular prognostic panel for patients with PAAD using bulk RNA-sequencing and single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Initially, we collected the multi-omics data from TCGA platform to depict a comprehensive landscape of URGs in pan-cancer. Furthermore, we were accurate to PAAD for in-depth analysis. Significant differences of the activation of ubiquitination pathways and the expression of URGs were detected between normal and malignant cells. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering determined two PAAD subtypes with distinct clinical outcomes, ubiquitination pathway activities, immune microenvironment, and functional annotation characteristics. The expression profiles of ubiquitination-associated mRNAs and lncRNAs in the training and validation datasets were utilized to develop and verify a novel ubiquitination-related mRNA-lncRNA prognostic panel, which had a satisfied prediction efficiency. Our ubiquitination-associated model could function as an effective prognostic index and outperformed four other recognized panels in evaluating PAAD patients' survival status. Tumor immune microenvironment, mutation burden, and chemotherapy response were intensively explored to demonstrate the underlying mechanism of prognostic difference according to our panel. Our findings also revealed that FTI-277, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, had a better curative effect in high-risk patients, while MK-2206, an Akt allosteric inhibitor, had a superior therapeutic effect in low-risk patients. The real-time PCR results uncovered the RNA expression of AC005062.1 in all the three PAAD cell lines was elevated several thousandfold. In conclusion, our URGs-based classification panel could be triumphantly served as a prediction tool for survival evaluation in patients with PAAD, and the genes in this panel could be developed as a potential target in PAAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueying Shi
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fangyue Guo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Lin HJ, Liu Y, Caroland K, Lin J. Polarization of Cancer-Associated Macrophages Maneuver Neoplastic Attributes of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3507. [PMID: 37444617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence links the phenomenon of enhanced recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages towards cancer bulks to neoplastic growth, invasion, metastasis, immune escape, matrix remodeling, and therapeutic resistance. In the context of cancer progression, naïve macrophages are polarized into M1 or M2 subtypes according to their differentiation status, gene signatures, and functional roles. While the former render proinflammatory and anticancer effects, the latter subpopulation elicits an opposite impact on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. M2 macrophages have gained increasing attention as they are largely responsible for molding an immune-suppressive landscape. Through positive feedback circuits involving a paracrine manner, M2 macrophages can be amplified by and synergized with neighboring neoplastic cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and non-cell autonomous constituents in the microenvironmental niche to promote an advanced disease state. This review delineates the molecular cues expanding M2 populations that subsequently convey notorious clinical outcomes. Future therapeutic regimens shall comprise protocols attempting to abolish environmental niches favoring M2 polarization; weaken cancer growth typically assisted by M2; promote the recruitment of tumoricidal CD8+ T lymphocytes and dendritic cells; and boost susceptibility towards gemcitabine as well as other chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jen Lin
- Department of Medical & Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Willard Hall Education Building, 16 West Main Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yingguang Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Liberty University, 306 Liberty View Lane, Lynchburg, VA 24502, USA
| | - Kailey Caroland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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7
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Brown TJ, Reiss KA, O'Hara MH. Advancements in Systemic Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2023; 43:e397082. [PMID: 37192430 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_397082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer have improved in the past 12 years, mainly because of progress made in systemic therapies. New treatment strategies for advanced pancreatic cancer include switch maintenance with cytotoxic therapies, induction maintenance, and the utilization of targeted agents for patients with actionable variants, as well as ongoing development of cytotoxic regimens, such as NALIRIFOX. The activity of immunotherapy has been disappointing to date, but novel combinations and identifying appropriate patient populations may further unlock its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Brown
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Center for Cancer Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kim A Reiss
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Center for Cancer Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mark H O'Hara
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Center for Cancer Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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8
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Wang L, Liu Y, Dai Y, Tang X, Yin T, Wang C, Wang T, Dong L, Shi M, Qin J, Xue M, Cao Y, Liu J, Liu P, Huang J, Wen C, Zhang J, Xu Z, Bai F, Deng X, Peng C, Chen H, Jiang L, Chen S, Shen B. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals BHLHE40-driven pro-tumour neutrophils with hyperactivated glycolysis in pancreatic tumour microenvironment. Gut 2023; 72:958-971. [PMID: 35688610 PMCID: PMC10086491 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Innate immunity plays important roles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as non-T-cell-enriched tumour. Neutrophils are major players in innate immune system. Here, we aimed to explore the heterogeneity and pro-tumour mechanisms of neutrophils in PDAC. DESIGN We analysed single-cell transcriptomes of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) and tumour-infiltrating immune cells from five patients with PDAC, and performed immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry staining, multi-omics analysis and in vitro experiments to validate the discoveries of bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Exploration of the heterogeneity of tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) revealed a terminally differentiated pro-tumour subpopulation (TAN-1) associated with poor prognosis, an inflammatory subpopulation (TAN-2), a population of transitional stage that have just migrated to tumour microenvironment (TAN-3) and a subpopulation preferentially expressing interferon-stimulated genes (TAN-4). Glycolysis signature was upregulated along neutrophil transition trajectory, and TAN-1 was featured with hyperactivated glycolytic activity. The glycolytic switch of TANs was validated by integrative multi-omics approach of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics analysis. Activation of glycolytic activity by LDHA overexpression induced immunosuppression and pro-tumour functions in neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 (dHL-60) cells. Mechanistic studies revealed BHLHE40, downstream to hypoxia and endoplasmic reticulum stress, was a key regulator in polarisation of neutrophils towards TAN-1 phenotype, and direct transcriptional regulation of BHLHE40 on TAN-1 marker genes was demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Pro-tumour and immunosuppression functions were observed in dHL-60 cells overexpressing BHLHE40. Importantly, immunohistochemistry analysis of PDAC tissues revealed the unfavourable prognostic value of BHLHE40+ neutrophils. CONCLUSION The dynamic properties of TANs revealed by this study will be helpful in advancing PDAC therapy targeting innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiejie Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilin Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhi Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Center for Biomedical Big Data, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlei Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaxing Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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9
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Lin X, Cui C, Cui Q. Combating pancreatic cancer with ovarian cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2189-2207. [PMID: 36961421 PMCID: PMC10085619 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
With overall five-year survival rate less than 10%, pancreatic cancer (PC) represents the most lethal one in all human cancers. Given that the incidence of PC is still increasing and current cancer treatment strategies are often inefficacious, its therapy is still a huge challenge. Here, we first revealed ovarian serous carcinoma is mostly anti-correlated with pancreatic cancer in gene expression signatures. Based on this observation, we proposed that ovarian cancer cells could defend PC. To confirm this strategy, we first showed that ovarian cancer cell SKOV3 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell SW1990 when they were co-cultured. We further validated this strategy by an animal model of pancreatic cancer xenografts. The result showed that the injection of SKOV3 significantly inhibits pancreatic cancer xenografts. Moreover, we found that SKOV3 with transgenic African elephant TP53 gene further enhances the therapeutic effect. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that the ovarian cancer cell treatment strikingly induced changes of genes being involved in pancreas function and phenotype (e.g. enhancing pancreas function, pancreas regeneration, and cell adhesion) but not immune and inflammation-related functions, suggesting that the proposed strategy is different from immunotherapy and could be a novel strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunmei Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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10
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Correlation between hypoxia and HGF/c-MET expression in the management of pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188869. [PMID: 36842767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is very deadly and difficult to treat. The presence of hypoxia has been shown to increase the probability of cancer developing and spreading. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC/PC) has traditionally viewed a highly lethal form of cancer due to its high occurrence of early metastases. Desmoplasia/stroma is often thick and collagenous, with pancreatic stellate cells as the primary source (PSCs). Cancer cells and other stromal cells interact with PSCs, promoting disease development. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway have been proposed as a growth factor mechanism mediating this interaction. Human growth factor (HGF) is secreted by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), and its receptor, c-MET, is generated by pancreatic cancer cells and endothelial cells. Hypoxia is frequent in malignant tumors, particularly pancreatic (PC). Hypoxia results from limitless tumor development and promotes survival, progression, and invasion. Hypoxic is becoming a critical driver and therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer as its hypoxia microenvironment is defined. Recent breakthroughs in cancer biology show that hypoxia promotes tumor proliferation, aggressiveness, and therapeutic resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) stabilize hypoxia signaling. Hypoxia cMet is a key component of pancreatic tumor microenvironments, which also have a fibrotic response, that hypoxia, promotes and modulates. c-Met is a tyrosine-protein kinase. As describe it simply, the MET gene in humans' codes for a protein called hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR). Most cancerous tumors and pancreatic cancer in particular, suffer from a lack of oxygen (PC). Due to unrestrained tumor development, hypoxia develops, actively contributing to tumor survival, progression, and invasion. As the processes by which hypoxia signaling promotes invasion and metastasis become clear, c-MET has emerged as an important determinant of pancreatic cancer malignancy and a potential pharmacological target. This manuscript provides the most current findings on the role of hypoxia and HGF/c-MET expression in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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11
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Zhang Z, Xiong Q, Xu Y, Cai X, Zhang L, Zhu Q. The PD-L1 Expression and Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Predict an Unfavorable Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Adenosquamous Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041398. [PMID: 36835933 PMCID: PMC9965576 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a vital role in the development, progression, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer (PC). The composition of the TME and its potential prognostic value remains to be fully understood, especially in adenosquamous carcinoma of pancreas (ASCP) patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to explore the clinical significance of CD3, CD4, CD8, FoxP3, and PD-L1 expression within the TME and to identify correlations with the prognosis of PC in a series of 29 patients with ASCP and 54 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were accessed to obtain the scRNA-seq data and transcriptome profiles. Seurat was used to process the scRNA-seq data, and CellChat was used to analyze cell-cell communication. CIBERSORT was used to approximate the constitution of tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TICs) profiles. Higher levels of PD-L1 were linked with a shorter overall survival in ASCP (p = 0.0007) and PDAC (p = 0.0594). A higher expression of CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration was significantly correlated with a better prognosis in PC. By influencing the composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs), high levels of PD-L1 expression are linked with a shorter overall survival in ASCP and PDAC.
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12
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Menjivar RE, Nwosu ZC, Du W, Donahue KL, Hong HS, Espinoza C, Brown K, Velez-Delgado A, Yan W, Lima F, Bischoff A, Kadiyala P, Salas-Escabillas D, Crawford HC, Bednar F, Carpenter E, Zhang Y, Halbrook CJ, Lyssiotis CA, Pasca di Magliano M. Arginase 1 is a key driver of immune suppression in pancreatic cancer. eLife 2023; 12:e80721. [PMID: 36727849 PMCID: PMC10260021 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An extensive fibroinflammatory stroma rich in macrophages is a hallmark of pancreatic cancer. In this disease, it is well appreciated that macrophages are immunosuppressive and contribute to the poor response to immunotherapy; however, the mechanisms of immune suppression are complex and not fully understood. Immunosuppressive macrophages are classically defined by the expression of the enzyme Arginase 1 (ARG1), which we demonstrated is potently expressed in pancreatic tumor-associated macrophages from both human patients and mouse models. While routinely used as a polarization marker, ARG1 also catabolizes arginine, an amino acid required for T cell activation and proliferation. To investigate this metabolic function, we used a genetic and a pharmacologic approach to target Arg1 in pancreatic cancer. Genetic inactivation of Arg1 in macrophages, using a dual recombinase genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic cancer, delayed formation of invasive disease, while increasing CD8+ T cell infiltration. Additionally, Arg1 deletion induced compensatory mechanisms, including Arg1 overexpression in epithelial cells, namely Tuft cells, and Arg2 overexpression in a subset of macrophages. To overcome these compensatory mechanisms, we used a pharmacological approach to inhibit arginase. Treatment of established tumors with the arginase inhibitor CB-1158 exhibited further increased CD8+ T cell infiltration, beyond that seen with the macrophage-specific knockout, and sensitized the tumors to anti-PD1 immune checkpoint blockade. Our data demonstrate that Arg1 drives immune suppression in pancreatic cancer by depleting arginine and inhibiting T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa E Menjivar
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Zeribe C Nwosu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Wenting Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Katelyn L Donahue
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Department of Immunology, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Carlos Espinoza
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Kristee Brown
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Ashley Velez-Delgado
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Fatima Lima
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Allison Bischoff
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Padma Kadiyala
- Department of Immunology, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | | | | | - Filip Bednar
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Rogel Cancer CenterAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Eileen Carpenter
- Rogel Cancer CenterAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterolog, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Rogel Cancer CenterAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Christopher J Halbrook
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Rogel Cancer CenterAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterolog, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Henry Ford Pancreatic Cancer CenterDetroitUnited States
- Rogel Cancer CenterAnn ArborUnited States
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Kang Y, Xu X, Liu J. System Analysis Based on Pancreatic Cancer Progression Identifies BRINP2 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2023; 33:1-16. [PMID: 37602449 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023048337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a malignant tumor of the digestive system, which develops rapidly and has no obvious early symptoms. This study aims to discover the biomarkers associated with PAAD development. We obtained RNA expression of PAAD patient samples and corresponding clinical data from The cancer genome atlas (TCGA), and screened out BMP/RA-inducible neural-specific protein 2 (BRINP2) gene which is highly associated with PAAD severity. Then, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) analysis were performed to explore the biological functions of BRINP2. Subsequently, long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) associated with BRINP2 were screened out via correlation analysis, and Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis were used to construct the risk prediction model. We further validated the expression level of BRINP2 and its associated lncRNAs in BRINP2-associated lncRNAs prognostic model in vitro. We proposed that BRINP2 might be correlated to the tumor immune microenvironment and could also be used as a biomarker for PAAD progression. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the prognostic model was highly correlated to immune microenvironment-related pathways. Additionally, we established a BRINP2-associated lncRNAs prognostic model consisting of three lncRNAs. We validated the expression trends of BRINP2 and its associated lncRNAs in BRINP2-associated lncRNAs prognostic model in PAAD cells with various severity of metastatic potential using the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Meanwhile, pRRophetic R package was employed to predict potential therapeutic drugs for BRINP2-associated lncRNAs prognostic model of PAAD. The results suggest that BRINP2 can be used as a novel prognostic biomarker for PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Kang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China
| | - Xiangwen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
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14
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Tumor immunology. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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15
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Zhao X, He Y, Pan Y, Ye L, Liu L, Mou X, Fu L. Integrated clinical analysis and data mining assessed the impact of NOX4 on the immune microenvironment and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1044526. [PMID: 36874093 PMCID: PMC9978331 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1044526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic cancer is complex. which forms forms a microenvironment with high immunosuppression, ischemia and hypoxia, which promotes tumor proliferation and migration, inhibit the anti-tumor immune response. NOX4 plays an important role in tumor microenvironment and has a significant relationship with the occurrence, development and drug resistance of tumor. Methods Firstly, NOX4 expression in pancreatic cancer tissues under different pathological conditions was detected by applying immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarray (TMA). Transcriptome RNA sequencing data and clinical data of 182 pancreatic cancer samples were downloaded and collated from the UCSC xena database. 986 NOX4-related lncRNAs were filtered by Spearman correlation analysis. prognosis-related NOX4-related lncRNAs and NRlncSig Score were finally obtained by univariate and multivariate Cox regression with Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) analysis in pancreatic cancer patients. we plotted Kaplan -Meier and time-dependent ROC curves (ROC) to assess the validity in predicting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. The ssGSEA analysis was applied to explore the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer patients as well as to discuss the immune cells and immune status separately. Results We found that a mature tumor marker, NOX4, play different roles in different clinical subgroups by immunohistochemical analysis and clinical data. Finally, 2 NOX4-related lncRNAs were determined by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, univariate Cox analysis and multivariate COX analysis. The ROC curve and DCA curve showed that NRS Score had better predictive ability than independent prognosis-related lncRNA and other clinicopathologic indicators. We obtained the relative abundance of 28 infiltrating immune cells by ssGSEA analysis and found a significant positive correlation between the abundance of anti-tumor immune cells and tumor-promoting immune cells in the risk-classified microenvironment. No matter NRS Score or AC092667.2, RP11-349A8.3 was significantly correlated with immune infiltrating cells. Meanwhile, the IC50 of conventional chemotherapeutic agents in high-score group were significantly lower than those in low-score group. Conclusion As a mature tumor marker, NOX4-related lncRNAs provide new research strategies for prognostic evaluation, molecular mechanism and clinical treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yichen He
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,College of pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Pan
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,College of pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luyi Ye
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longcai Liu
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luoqin Fu
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Roberto M, Arrivi G, Di Civita MA, Barchiesi G, Pilozzi E, Marchetti P, Santini D, Mazzuca F, Tomao S. The role of CXCL12 axis in pancreatic cancer: New biomarkers and potential targets. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1154581. [PMID: 37035150 PMCID: PMC10076769 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1154581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemokines are small, secreted peptides involved in the mediation of the immune cell recruitment. Chemokines have been implicated in several diseases including autoimmune diseases, viral infections and also played a critical role in the genesis and development of several malignant tumors. CXCL12 is a homeostatic CXC chemokine involved in the process of proliferation, and tumor spread. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive tumors, that is still lacking effective therapies and with a dramatically poor prognosis. Method We conducted a scientific literature search on Pubmed and Google Scholar including retrospective, prospective studies and reviews focused on the current research elucidating the emerging role of CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 - CXCR7 in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Results Considering the mechanism of immunomodulation of the CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 axis, as well as the potential interaction with the microenvironment in the PDAC, several combined therapeutic approaches have been studied and developed, to overcome the "cold" immunological setting of PDAC, like combining CXCL12 axis inhibitors with anti PD-1/PDL1 drugs. Conclusion Understanding the role of this chemokine's axis in disease initiation and progression may provide the basis for developing new potential biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for related pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Roberto
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Arrivi
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Alberto Di Civita
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mattia Alberto Di Civita,
| | - Giacomo Barchiesi
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pilozzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Anatomia Patologica Unit, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Mazzuca
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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17
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Hypoxia activated HGF expression in pancreatic stellate cells confers resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to EGFR inhibition. EBioMedicine 2022; 86:104352. [PMID: 36371988 PMCID: PMC9664470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an essential target for cancer treatment. However, EGFR inhibitor erlotinib showed limited clinical benefit in pancreatic cancer therapy. Here, we showed the underlying mechanism of tumor microenvironment suppressing the sensitivity of EGFR inhibitor through the pancreatic stellate cell (PSC). METHODS The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and hypoxia marker in human pancreatic cancer tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, and their correlation with overall survival was evaluated. Human immortalized PSC was constructed and used to investigate the potential effect on pancreatic cancer cell lines in hypoxia and normoxia. Luciferase reporter assay and Chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to explore the potential mechanisms in vitro. The combined inhibition of EGFR and Met was evaluated in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of pancreatic cancer. FINDINGS We found that high expression levels of α-SMA and hypoxia markers are associated with poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that hypoxia induced the expression and secretion of HGF in PSC via transcription factor HIF-1α. PSC-derived HGF activates Met, the HGF receptor, suppressing the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to EGFR inhibitor in a KRAS-independent manner by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway. Furthermore, we found that the combination of EGFR inhibitor and Met inhibitor significantly suppressed tumor growth in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. INTERPRETATION Our study revealed a previously uncharacterized HIF1α-HGF-Met-PI3K-AKT signaling axis between PSC and cancer cells and indicated that EGFR inhibition plus Met inhibition might be a promising strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment. FUNDING This study was supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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18
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Lu SY, Hua J, Liu J, Wei MY, Liang C, Meng QC, Zhang B, Yu XJ, Wang W, Xu J. Turning up the heat on non-immunoreactive tumors: autophagy influences the immune microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:218. [PMID: 36261830 PMCID: PMC9580150 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy regulators play important roles in the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors and are involved in immune regulation and drug resistance. However, the modulatory roles and prognostic value of autophagy regulators in pancreatic cancer have not been identified. Methods Transcriptomic data and survival information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were used to construct a risk score model. Important clinical features were analyzed to generate a nomogram. In addition, we used various algorithms, including ssGSEA, CIBERSORT, XCELL, EPIC, TIMER, and QUANTISEQ, to evaluate the roles of autophagy regulators in the pancreatic cancer immune microenvironment. Furthermore, the mutation landscape was compared between different risk groups. Results Pan cancer analysis indicated that most of the autophagy regulators were upregulated in pancreatic cancer and were correlated with methylation and CNV level. MET, TSC1, and ITGA6 were identified as the prognostic autophagy regulators and used to construct a risk score model. Some critical clinical indicators, such as age, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T stage, AJCC N stage, alcohol and sex, were combined with the risk model to establish the nomogram, which may offer clinical guidance. In addition, our study demonstrated that the low score groups exhibited high immune activity and high abundances of various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and NK cells. Patients with high risk scores exhibited lower half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for paclitaxel and had downregulated expression profiles of PD1, CTLA4, and LAG3. Mutation investigation indicated that the high risk groups exhibited a higher mutation burden and higher mutation number compared to the low risk groups. additionally, we verified our risk stratification method using cytology and histology data from our center, and the results are satisfactory. Conclusion We speculated that autophagy regulators have large effects on the prognosis, immune landscape and drug sensitivity of pancreatic cancer. Our model, which combines critical autophagy regulators and clinical indicators, will provide guidance for clinical treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01371-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Lu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao-Yan Wei
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Cai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Lautizi M, Baumbach J, Weichert W, Steiger K, List M, Pfarr N, Kacprowski T. The limits of molecular signatures for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma subtyping. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac030. [PMID: 36267208 PMCID: PMC9575186 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular signatures have been suggested as biomarkers to classify pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) into two, three, four or five subtypes. Since the robustness of existing signatures is controversial, we performed a systematic evaluation of four established signatures for PDAC stratification across nine publicly available datasets. Clustering revealed inconsistency of subtypes across independent datasets and in some cases a different number of PDAC subgroups than in the original study, casting doubt on the actual number of existing subtypes. Next, we built sixteen classification models to investigate the ability of the signatures for tumor subtype prediction. The overall classification performance ranged from ∼35% to ∼90% accuracy, suggesting instability of the signatures. Notably, permuted subtypes and random gene sets achieved very similar performance. Cellular decomposition and functional pathway enrichment analysis revealed strong tissue-specificity of the predicted classes. Our study highlights severe limitations and inconsistencies that can be attributed to technical biases in sample preparation and tumor purity, suggesting that PDAC molecular signatures do not generalize across datasets. How stromal heterogeneity and immune compartment interplay in the diverging development of PDAC is still unclear. Therefore, a more mechanistic or a cross-platform multi-omic approach seems necessary to extract more robust and clinically exploitable insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Lautizi
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany,Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany,Computational BioMedicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany,Bavarian Cancer Consortium (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus List
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 8161 712761;
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20
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Bahwal SA, Chen JJ, E L, Hao T, Chen J, Carruthers VB, Lai J, Zhou X. Attenuated Toxoplasma gondii enhances the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD1 antibody by altering the tumor microenvironment in a pancreatic cancer mouse model. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2743-2757. [PMID: 35556163 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether attenuated Toxoplasma is efficacious against solid tumors of pancreatic cancer and whether attenuated Toxoplasma improves the antitumor activity of αPD-1 antibody on pancreatic cancer. METHODS The therapeutic effects of attenuated Toxoplasma NRTUA strain monotherapy and combination therapy of NRTUA with anti-PD-1 antibody on PDAC tumor volume and tumor weight of Pan02 tumor-bearing mice were investigated. We characterized the effects of combination therapy of NRTUA with anti-PD-1 antibody on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor-specific IFN-γ by using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and ELISA. The antitumor mechanisms of combination therapy of NRTUA with anti-PD-1 antibody were investigated via depletion of CD8+ T cells and IL-12. RESULTS NRTUA strain treatment inhibited tumor growth in a subcutaneous mouse model of PDAC through activating dendritic cells and increasing CD8+ T cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, combination therapy of NRTUA with anti-PD-1 antibody elicited a significant antitumor immune response and synergistically controlled tumor growth in Pan02 tumor-bearing mice. Specifically, the combination treatment led to elevation of CD8+ T cell infiltration mediated by dendritic cell-secreted IL-12 and to tumor-specific IFN-γ production in the PDAC tumor microenvironment. Also, the combination treatment markedly reduced the immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cell population in PDAC mice. CONCLUSION These findings could provide a novel immunotherapy approach to treating solid tumors of PDAC and overcoming resistance to anti-PD-1 agents in PDAC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Ahmed Bahwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jane J Chen
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lilin E
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Taofang Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiancong Chen
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Vern B Carruthers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5620, USA.
| | - Jiaming Lai
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xingwang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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21
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Rehman M, Khaled A, Noel M. Cytotoxic Chemotherapy in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2022; 36:1011-1018. [PMID: 36154782 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Advanced pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest malignancies in 2022. Although there has been significant progress in treatment options with improved outcomes in many cancers, this growth has been slow in pancreatic cancer. This article examines specific components of approved first- and second-line therapies for advanced pancreatic cancer treatment and their effectiveness and concludes with a brief exploration of future directions for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Rehman
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Care Center, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Aakib Khaled
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Marcus Noel
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Care Center, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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22
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Balance between immunoregulatory B cells and plasma cells drives pancreatic tumor immunity. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100744. [PMID: 36099917 PMCID: PMC9512696 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cell responses are associated with anti-tumor immunity and favorable response to immunotherapy. B cells can amplify anti-tumor immune responses through antibody production; yet B cells in patients and tumor-bearing mice often fail to support this effector function. We identify dysregulated transcriptional program in B cells that disrupts differentiation of naive B cells into anti-tumor plasma cells. The signaling network contributing to this dysfunction is driven by interleukin (IL) 35 stimulation of a STAT3-PAX5 complex that upregulates the transcriptional regulator BCL6 in naive B cells. Transient inhibition of BCL6 in tumor-educated naive B cells is sufficient to reverse the dysfunction in B cell differentiation, stimulating the intra-tumoral accumulation of plasma cells and effector T cells and rendering pancreatic tumors sensitive to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade. Our findings argue that B cell effector dysfunction in cancer can be due to an active systemic suppression program that can be targeted to synergize with T cell-directed immunotherapy. Balance between regulatory B cells and plasma cells shapes pancreatic tumor growth Cancer primes naive B cells toward regulatory B cell differentiation IL-35 drives B cell reprogramming via formation of a pSTAT3-Pax5 complex IL-35/BCL6 blockade in naive B cells enhances αPD1 efficacy
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23
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Gastrointestinal Malignancies: An Update. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174201. [PMID: 36077740 PMCID: PMC9454768 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a class of anti-cancer therapy that work by harnessing the body’s immune system to promote cancer cell death. These drugs have become standard of care for many types of cancer, including melanoma and lung cancer, after clinical trials showed they work better than traditional chemotherapy. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors is still evolving in the treatment of cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. This article examines the literature to support the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat cancers of each part of the gastrointestinal system. Abstract Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are a heterogenous group of cancers with varying epidemiology, histology, disease course, prognosis and treatment options. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the landscape of modern cancer treatment, though they have demonstrated survival benefit in other solid tumors more readily than in GI malignancies. This review article presents an overview of the landscape of ICI use in GI malignancies and highlights recent updates in this rapidly evolving field.
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24
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Anti-Tumor Effect of Parasitic Protozoans. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080395. [PMID: 36004920 PMCID: PMC9405343 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system may aberrantly silence when against “altered self”, which consequently may develop into malignancies. With the development of tumor immunology and molecular biology, the deepened understanding of the relationship between parasites and tumors shifts the attitude towards parasitic pathogens from elimination to utilization. In recent years, the antitumor impact implemented by protozoan parasites and the derived products has been confirmed. The immune system is activated and enhanced by some protozoan parasites, thereby inhibiting tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in many animal models. In this work, we reviewed the available information on the antitumor effect of parasitic infection or induced by parasitic antigen, as well as the involved immune mechanisms that modulate cancer progression. Despite the fact that clinical trials of the protozoan parasites against tumors are limited and the specific mechanisms of the effect on tumors are not totally clear, the use of genetically modified protozoan parasites and derived molecules combined with chemotherapy could be an important element for promoting antitumor treatment in the future.
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25
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A Paradoxical Role for Regulatory T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163862. [PMID: 36010856 PMCID: PMC9405872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancer types and its high refractoriness to therapies, including immunotherapy, has often been associated with the predominantly immune suppressive tumor microenvironment that characterizes pancreatic tumors. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are generally considered as drivers of immune suppression in cancers. However, an increasing number of reports suggest a paradoxical association between tumor infiltration by Tregs and improved patient prognosis, in particular in gastrointestinal cancers. Here we show that Treg infiltration in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) is associated with better overall survival of patients. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered to be a poorly immunogenic cancer type that combines a low mutation burden with a strong immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are major drivers of immune suppression but their prognostic role, particularly in gastrointestinal malignancies, remains controversial. Lymphocytic infiltration in 122 PDAC samples was assessed by multispectral immunofluorescence with anti-Keratin, -CD3, -CD8, -FOXP3 and -CD163 antibodies. Differential infiltration by Tregs was analyzed in the context of transcriptomic profiles that were available for 65 tumors. High infiltration of CD3+CD8− (mainly CD4+) T cells and, especially, of the subset expressing FOXP3 (Tregs) was associated with improved patient survival, whilst cytotoxic CD3+CD8+ T cell infiltration did not have an impact on overall survival. Transcriptomic analysis revealed three signatures in PDAC tumors comprising of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)/stromal, metabolic, and secretory/pancreatic signature. However, none of these signatures explained differences in Treg infiltration. We show that Tregs associate with improved overall survival in PDAC patients. This effect was independent of cytotoxic T cell infiltration and the transcriptomic profiles of their respective tumors. These findings provide a new layer of complexity in the study of PDAC tumor microenvironment that must be considered when developing immunotherapeutic interventions for this disease.
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Wang H, Chen L, Qi L, Jiang N, Zhang Z, Guo H, Song T, Li J, Li H, Zhang N, Chen R. A Single-Cell Atlas of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100258. [PMID: 35718340 PMCID: PMC9294203 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies with limited treatment options. To guide the design of more effective immunotherapy strategies, mass cytometry was employed to characterize the cellular composition of the PDAC-infiltrating immune cells. The expression of 33 protein markers was examined at the single-cell level in more than two million immune cells from four types of clinical samples, including PDAC tumors, normal pancreatic tissues, chronic pancreatitis tissues, and peripheral blood. Based on the analyses, we identified 23 distinct T-cell phenotypes, with some cell clusters exhibiting aberrant frequencies in the tumors. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) was extensively expressed in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and coexpressed with both stimulatory and inhibitory immune markers. In addition, we observed elevated levels of functional markers, such as CD137L and CD69, in PDAC-infiltrating immune cells. Moreover, the combination of PD-1 and CD8 was used to stratify PDAC tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas database into three immune subtypes, with S1 (PD-1+CD8+) exhibiting the best prognosis. Further analysis suggested distinct molecular mechanisms for immune exclusion in different subtypes. Taken together, the single-cell protein expression data depicted a detailed cell atlas of the PDAC-infiltrating immune cells and revealed clinically relevant information regarding useful cell phenotypes and targets for immunotherapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lisha Qi
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianqiang Song
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Clinical Pathology Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongle Li
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Clinical Pathology Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Ruibing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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27
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Xie F, Huang X, He C, Wang R, Li S. An Inflammatory Response-Related Gene Signature Reveals Distinct Survival Outcome and Tumor Microenvironment Characterization in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:876607. [PMID: 35755810 PMCID: PMC9216734 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.876607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Desmoplasia or rich fibrotic stroma is a typical property of pancreatic cancer (PC), with a significant impact on tumor progression, metastasis, and chemotherapy response. Unusual inflammatory responses are considered to induce fibrosis of tissue, but the expression and clinical significance of inflammatory response-related genes in PC have not been clearly elucidated. Methods: Prognosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor and normal tissues were identified by comparing the transcriptome data of PC samples based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) portal and the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Samples from the ArrayExpress database were used as an external validation cohort. Results: A total of 27 inflammatory response-related DEGs in PC were identified. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis revealed three core genes that served as an inflammatory response gene signature (IRGS), and a risk score was calculated. The diagnostic accuracy of the IRGS was validated in the training (n = 176) and validation (n = 288) cohorts, which reliably predicted the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with PC. Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified the risk score as an independent risk factor for OS and DFS. The comprehensive results suggested that a high IRGS score was correlated with decreased CD8+ T-cell infiltration, increased M2 macrophage infiltration, increased occurrence of stroma-activated molecular subtype and hypoxia, enriched myofibroblast-related signaling pathways, and greater benefit from gemcitabine. Conclusion: The IRGS was able to promisingly distinguish the prognosis, the tumor microenvironment characteristics, and the benefit from chemotherapy for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiao Xie
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaobin He
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengping Li
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Negri F, Bottarelli L, de’Angelis GL, Gnetti L. KRAS: A Druggable Target in Colon Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084120. [PMID: 35456940 PMCID: PMC9027058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in KRAS are among the most frequent aberrations in cancer, including colon cancer. KRAS direct targeting is daunting due to KRAS protein resistance to small molecule inhibition. Moreover, its elevated affinity to cellular guanosine triphosphate (GTP) has made the design of specific drugs challenging. Indeed, KRAS was considered ‘undruggable’. KRASG12C is the most commonly mutated variant of KRAS in non-small cell lung cancer. Currently, the achievements obtained with covalent inhibitors of this variant have given the possibility to assess the best therapeutic approach to KRAS-driven tumors. Mutation-related biochemical assets and the tissue of origin are expected to influence responses to treatment. Further attempts to obtain mutant-specific KRAS (KRASG12C) switch-II covalent inhibitors are ongoing and the results are promising. Drugs targeted to block KRAS effector pathways could be combined with direct KRAS inhibitors, immunotherapy or T cell-targeting approaches in KRAS-mutant tumors. The development of valuable combination regimens will be essential against potential mechanisms of resistance that may arise during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Negri
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lorena Bottarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Gian Luigi de’Angelis
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Letizia Gnetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
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Local Ablative Therapy Associated with Immunotherapy in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Solution to Overcome the Double Trouble?-A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071948. [PMID: 35407555 PMCID: PMC8999652 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a major killer and is a challenging clinical research issue with abysmal survival due to unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Two major issues thwart the treatment of locally advanced nonresectable pancreatic cancer (LAPC): high micrometastasis rate and surgical inaccessibility. Local ablative therapies induce a systemic antitumor response (i.e., abscopal effect) in addition to local effects. Thus, the incorporation of additional therapies could be key to improving immunotherapy's clinical efficacy. In this systematic review, we explore recent applications of local ablative therapies combined with immunotherapy to overcome immune resistance in PDAC and discuss future perspectives and challenges. Particularly, we describe four chemoradiation studies and nine reports on irreversible electroporation (IRE). Clinically, IRE is the ablative therapy of choice, utilized in all but two clinical trials, and may create a favorable microenvironment for immunotherapy. Various immunotherapies have been used in combination with IRE, such as NK cell- or γδ T cell-based therapy, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors. The results of the clinical trials presented in this review and the advancement potential of these therapies to phase II/III trials remain unknown. A multiple treatment approach involving chemotherapy, local ablation, and immunotherapy holds promise in overcoming the double trouble of LAPC.
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30
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Mouratidis PXE, ter Haar G. Latest Advances in the Use of Therapeutic Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:638. [PMID: 35158903 PMCID: PMC8833696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional oncological interventions have failed to improve survival for pancreatic cancer patients significantly. Novel treatment modalities able to release cancer-specific antigens, render immunologically "cold" pancreatic tumours "hot" and disrupt or reprogram the pancreatic tumour microenvironment are thus urgently needed. Therapeutic focused ultrasound exerts thermal and mechanical effects on tissue, killing cancer cells and inducing an anti-cancer immune response. The most important advances in therapeutic focused ultrasound use for initiation and augmentation of the cancer immunity cycle against pancreatic cancer are described. We provide a comprehensive review of the use of therapeutic focused ultrasound for the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients and describe recent studies that have shown an ultrasound-induced anti-cancer immune response in several tumour models. Published studies that have investigated the immunological effects of therapeutic focused ultrasound in pancreatic cancer are described. This article shows that therapeutic focused ultrasound has been deemed to be a safe technique for treating pancreatic cancer patients, providing pain relief and improving survival rates in pancreatic cancer patients. Promotion of an immune response in the clinic and sensitisation of tumours to the effects of immunotherapy in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer is shown, making it a promising candidate for use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros X. E. Mouratidis
- Department of Physics, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, London SM25NG, UK;
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31
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TRIM37 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression through Modulation of Cell Growth, Migration, Invasion, and Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031176. [PMID: 35163097 PMCID: PMC8835669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM37 dysregulation has been observed in several cancer types, implicating its possible role in tumorigenesis. However, the role of TRIM37 in pancreatic cancer progression remains unclear. In the present study, we observed that TRIM37 knockdown resulted in reduced proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, and invasion ability of pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, an in vivo study using an orthotopic syngeneic animal model further confirmed that reduced expression of TRIM37 in cancer cells suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, in mice bearing TRIM37 knockdown pancreatic cancer cells, the proportion of CD11b+F4/80+MHCIIlow immunosuppressive macrophages was significantly reduced in tumor milieu, which might be due to the regulatory role of TRIM37 in cytokine production by pancreatic cancer cells. Collectively, these findings suggest a key role of TRIM37 in promoting pancreatic cancer progression.
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32
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Zhou W, Chen X, Zhou Y, Shi S, Liang C, Yu X, Chen H, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Liu P, Li C, Chu Y, Luo Y, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Zhao Z, Chen Q, Sun T, Jiang C. Exosomes derived from immunogenically dying tumor cells as a versatile tool for vaccination against pancreatic cancer. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121306. [PMID: 34952381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous progress achieved in immunotherapy, many critical challenges in treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) persist. Considering the poor vascularization of PDAC, after intramuscular administration exosomes can targeted deliver "cargos" to pancreatic tumors and bypass obstructions of the intrinsic overexpressed stroma through lymphatics. Herein, we propose a strategy to derive exosomes from immunogenically dying tumor cells and exploit their properties for several purposes, including antigen presentation, adjuvant supply, and "cargo" delivery of vaccines against pancreatic cancer via intramuscular injection. To enhance the immunostimulatory effects, the MART-1 peptide is modified to the exosomes to expand T-cell-related responses. Furthermore, CCL22 siRNA is electroporated into the exosomes (referred to as spMEXO) to hinder the CCR4/CCL22 axis between DCs and Tregs, thereby suppressing Treg expansion. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that spMEXO can serve as an effective prophylactic vaccine to delay tumor growth, whereas combining spMEXO with PDAC first-line chemotherapeutics (co-administration of gemcitabine with albumin-paclitaxel) demonstrated significantly enhanced therapeutic effects in established PANC-02 tumors. Therefore, the present work provides an effective strategy to employ cancer vaccines through intramuscular injection in PDAC and highlights the potential of exosomes derived from immunogenically dying tumor cells as a versatile tool to develop nanovaccines for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Peixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongchao Chu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qinjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Zhu WJ, Hu ZF, Yuan Z. Progress in research of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in pancreatic cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1207-1214. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i21.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer is less than 5%, and the only available treatments, surgery, chemotherapy, and chemoradiation, have shown limited effectiveness. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies are urgently needed. In recent years, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has shown promising successes in the treatment of some types of solid tumors because of its diverse TCR clonality, superior tumor-homing ability, and low off-target toxicity. The significant association between a high TIL density in pancreatic cancer tissue and a good clinical outcome and success of pancreatic cancer-specific TIL expansion ex vivo potentiates the rationality of the TIL therapy in pancreatic cancer. However, there are still many challenges ahead, such as neoantigen screening, rapid cell expansion, and low cytotoxicity. This article reviews the recent advances and limitations of TIL therapy in pancreatic cancer and discusses its future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhu
- CAR-T (Shanghai) Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhan-Fei Hu
- CAR-T (Shanghai) Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhou Yuan
- The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China
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34
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Ostios-Garcia L, Villamayor J, Garcia-Lorenzo E, Vinal D, Feliu J. Understanding the immune response and the current landscape of immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6775-6793. [PMID: 34790007 PMCID: PMC8567475 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i40.6775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive tumor with high lethality. Even with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and other locoregional or systemic therapies, the survival rates for PDAC are low and have not significantly changed in the past decades. The special characteristics of the PDAC's microenvironment and its complex immune escape mechanism need to be considered when designing novel therapeutic approaches in this disease. PDAC is characterized by chronic inflammation with a high rate of tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells and a low rate of natural killer and effector T cells. The pancreatic microenvironment is a fibrotic, microvascularized stroma that isolates the tumor from systemic vascularization. Immunotherapy, a novel approach that has demonstrated effectiveness in certain solid tumors, has failed to show any practice-changing results in pancreatic cancer, with the exception of PDACs with mismatch repair deficiency and high tumor mutational burden, which show prolonged survival rates with immunotherapy. Currently, numerous clinical trials are attempting to assess the efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies in PDAC, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell transfer, alone or in combination with other immunotherapeutic agents, chemoradiotherapy, and other targeted therapies. A deep understanding of the immune response will help in the development of new therapeutic strategies leading to improved clinical outcomes for patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ostios-Garcia
- Department of Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, IDIPAZ, CIBERONC, Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Julia Villamayor
- Department of Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, IDIPAZ, CIBERONC, Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Lorenzo
- Department of Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, IDIPAZ, CIBERONC, Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - David Vinal
- Department of Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, IDIPAZ, CIBERONC, Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Jaime Feliu
- Department of Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, IDIPAZ, CIBERONC, Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Madrid 28046, Spain
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35
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Calì B, Agnellini AHR, Cioccarelli C, Sanchez-Rodriguez R, Predonzani A, Toffolo GI, Viola A, Bronte V, Arrigoni G, Zonta F, Albertoni L, Mescoli C, Marigo I, Molon B. GM-CSF Nitration Is a New Driver of Myeloid Suppressor Cell Activity in Tumors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718098. [PMID: 34675917 PMCID: PMC8523982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, including RNS, contribute to the control of multiple immune cell functions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) represent the archetype of tolerogenic cells that actively contribute to dismantle effective immunity against cancer. TIMs inhibit T cell functions and promote tumor progression by several mechanisms including the amplification of the oxidative/nitrosative stress within the TME. In tumors, TIM expansion and differentiation is regulated by the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which is produced by cancer and immune cells. Nevertheless, the role of GM-CSF in tumors has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we show that GM-CSF activity is significantly affected by RNS-triggered post-translational modifications. The nitration of a single tryptophan residue in the sequence of GM-CSF nourishes the expansion of highly immunosuppressive myeloid subsets in tumor-bearing hosts. Importantly, tumors from colorectal cancer patients express higher levels of nitrated tryptophan compared to non-neoplastic tissues. Collectively, our data identify a novel and selective target that can be exploited to remodel the TME and foster protective immunity against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Calì
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrielly H R Agnellini
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Oncology and Immunology Section, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cioccarelli
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Ricardo Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonella Viola
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Verona University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Zonta
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Laura Albertoni
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Mescoli
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marigo
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Molon
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
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Smith JP, Cao H, Chen W, Kallakury B, Phillips T, Sutton L, Cato A. Vaccination with Polyclonal Antibody Stimulator (PAS) Prevents Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in the KRAS Mouse Model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:933-944. [PMID: 34429319 PMCID: PMC8525505 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing significantly and will soon become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. We have previously shown that the gastrointestinal peptide gastrin, which is only expressed in the fetal pancreas and not in the adult pancreas, is activated during pancreatic carcinogenesis where it stimulates growth in an autocrine fashion. In this investigation, we used transgenic LSL-KrasG12D/+; P48-Cre mice that develop precancerous pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions and pancreatic cancer over time. Starting at 3 months of age, mice were either left untreated (control) or were treated with a gastrin-targeted vaccine, polyclonal antibody stimulator (PAS 250 μg) followed by a monthly booster until the mice reached 8 months of age when pancreata were excised, and analyzed by histology for PanIN grade in a blinded fashion. High-grade PanIN-3 lesions were significantly less in PAS-treated mice (P = 0.0077), and cancers developed in 33% of the control mice but only in 10% of the PAS-treated mice. Compared with the control mice, fibrosis was reduced by >50%, arginase positive M2 macrophages were reduced by 74%, and CD8+ T cells were increased by 73% in the pancreas extracellular matrix in PAS-treated mice. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: PAS vaccination significantly decreased high-grade PanIN lesions and altered the pancreas microenvironment, rendering it less carcinogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill P Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington D.C.
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington D.C
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington D.C
| | | | | | | | - Allen Cato
- Cancer Advances, Inc. Durham, North Carolina
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37
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Malchiodi ZX, Cao H, Gay MD, Safronenka A, Bansal S, Tucker RD, Weinberg BA, Cheema A, Shivapurkar N, Smith JP. Cholecystokinin Receptor Antagonist Improves Efficacy of Chemotherapy in Murine Models of Pancreatic Cancer by Altering the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4949. [PMID: 34638432 PMCID: PMC8508339 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is resistant to chemotherapy in part due to the dense desmoplastic fibrosis surrounding the tumor, the immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the early rate of metastases. In this study, we examined the effects of a CCK receptor antagonist, proglumide, alone and in combination with gemcitabine in murine models of pancreatic cancer. Tumor growth rate, metastases, and survival were assessed in mice bearing syngeneic murine or human pancreatic tumors treated with PBS (control), gemcitabine, proglumide, or the combination of gemcitabine and proglumide. Excised tumors were evaluated histologically for fibrosis, immune cells, molecular markers, and uptake of chemotherapy by mass spectroscopy. Peripheral blood was analyzed with a microRNAs biomarker panel associated with fibrosis and oncogenesis. Differentially expressed genes between tumors of mice treated with gemcitabine monotherapy and combination therapy were compared by RNAseq. When given in combination the two compounds exhibited inhibitory effects by decreasing tumor growth rate by 70%, metastases, and prolonging survival. Proglumide monotherapy altered the TME by decreasing fibrosis, increasing intratumoral CD8+ T-cells, and decreasing arginase-positive cells, thus rendering the tumor sensitive to chemotherapy. Proglumide altered the expression of genes involved in fibrosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and invasion. CCK-receptor antagonism with proglumide renders pancreatic cancer susceptible to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe X. Malchiodi
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (Z.X.M.); (S.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (H.C.); (M.D.G.); (A.S.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Martha D. Gay
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (H.C.); (M.D.G.); (A.S.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Anita Safronenka
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (H.C.); (M.D.G.); (A.S.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Sunil Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (Z.X.M.); (S.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Robin D. Tucker
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Benjamin A. Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (H.C.); (M.D.G.); (A.S.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Amrita Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (Z.X.M.); (S.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Narayan Shivapurkar
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (H.C.); (M.D.G.); (A.S.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Jill P. Smith
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (Z.X.M.); (S.B.); (A.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (H.C.); (M.D.G.); (A.S.); (B.A.W.)
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Jung BK, Ko HY, Kang H, Hong J, Ahn HM, Na Y, Kim H, Kim JS, Yun CO. Relaxin-expressing oncolytic adenovirus induces remodeling of physical and immunological aspects of cold tumor to potentiate PD-1 blockade. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000763. [PMID: 32753544 PMCID: PMC7406118 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, several antibody (Ab)-based therapies have shown excellent therapeutic effects in the clinic. Nonetheless, Ab penetration into tumor tissues is limited due to abnormal vasculature, tumor interstitial pressure, and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, thus demanding novel strategies to overcome these barriers. Methods The intratumoral distribution of therapeutic Abs were detected by fluorescence microscopy or positron emission tomography in both human gastric xenograft and syngeneic pancreatic hamster tumor models. The antitumor efficacy by combination of oncolytic adenovirus (Ad), which coexpresses relaxin (RLX), interleukin (IL)-12, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (oAd/IL12/GM-RLX) and antibody against the programmed cell death protein 1 (αPD-1) was examined in hamster subcutaneous and orthotopic pancreatic tumor models. The immunological aspects of these combination therapy regimen were assessed by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry in subcutaneous hamster tumor models. Results Relaxin-expressing oncolytic Ad effectively degraded tumor ECM and enhanced the tumor penetration of trastuzumab in comparison with trastuzumab monotherapy. Based on these results, an oAd/IL12/GM-RLX was used to enhance the potency of immune checkpoint blockade. The combination of the oAd/IL12/GM-RLX and αPD-1 promoted a concomitant degradation of the tumor ECM and amelioration of the immunosuppressive tumor niches, ultimately enhanced intratumoral infiltration of both αPD-1 and activated T cells. Of note, the combination therapy was able to elicit a potent and durable antitumor immune response against cold tumors that were refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy. Conclusions Our findings are the first to demonstrate that expression of four genes (IL-12p35, IL-12p40, GM-CSF, and RLX) mediated by a single oncolytic Ad vector can promote remodeling of both physical and immunological aspects of the tumor niches to overcome the major limitations of Ab-based therapies that have emerged in recent clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyeong Jung
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hae Young Ko
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyunji Kang
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - JinWoo Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of).,Department of Research and Development, GeneMedicine Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyo Min Ahn
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of).,Department of Research and Development, GeneMedicine Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Youjin Na
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyeongi Kim
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of) .,Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of science and technology (UST), Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of) .,Department of Research and Development, GeneMedicine Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of).,Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
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Carbone C, Piro G, Agostini A, Delfino P, De Sanctis F, Nasca V, Spallotta F, Sette C, Martini M, Ugel S, Corbo V, Cappello P, Bria E, Scarpa A, Tortora G. Intratumoral injection of TLR9 agonist promotes an immunopermissive microenvironment transition and causes cooperative antitumor activity in combination with anti-PD1 in pancreatic cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002876. [PMID: 34479922 PMCID: PMC8420705 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Complex tumor and immune microenvironment render pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, a strategy to convert the immune hostile into an immunopermissive tumor is required. Recent studies showed that intratumoral injection of Toll-like receptor 9 agonist IMO-2125 primes the adaptive immune response. Phase I and II trials with intratumoral IMO-2125 demonstrated its safety and antitumoral activity. Methods We generated an array of preclinical models by orthotopically engrafting PDAC-derived cell lines in syngeneic mice and categorized them as high, low and no immunogenic potential, based on the ability of tumor to evoke T lymphocyte or NK cell response. To test the antitumor efficacy of IMO-2125 on locally treated and distant sites, we engrafted cancer cells on both flanks of syngeneic mice and treated them with intratumoral IMO-2125 or vehicle, alone or in combination with anti-PD1 ICI. Tumor tissues and systemic immunity were analyzed by transcriptomic, cytofluorimetric and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results We demonstrated that intratumoral IMO-2125 as single agent triggers immune system response to kill local and distant tumors in a selected high immunogenic subtype affecting tumor growth and mice survival. Remarkably, intratumoral IMO-2125 in combination with systemic anti-PD1 causes a potent antitumor effect on primary injected and distant sites also in pancreatic cancer models with low immunogenic potential, preceded by a transition toward an immunopermissive microenvironment, with increase in tumor-infiltrating dendritic and T cells in tumor and lymph nodes. Conclusion We demonstrated a potent antitumor activity of IMO-2125 and anti-PD1 combination in immunotherapy-resistant PDAC models through the modulation of immune microenvironment, providing the rationale to translate this strategy into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Carbone
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Geny Piro
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Agostini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Pietro Delfino
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.,ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nasca
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti", National Research Council (IASI - CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.,ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Bria
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.,ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy .,Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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40
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Fedele C, Li S, Teng KW, Foster CJR, Peng D, Ran H, Mita P, Geer MJ, Hattori T, Koide A, Wang Y, Tang KH, Leinwand J, Wang W, Diskin B, Deng J, Chen T, Dolgalev I, Ozerdem U, Miller G, Koide S, Wong KK, Neel BG. SHP2 inhibition diminishes KRASG12C cycling and promotes tumor microenvironment remodeling. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211451. [PMID: 33045063 PMCID: PMC7549316 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS is the most frequently mutated human oncogene, and KRAS inhibition has been a longtime goal. Recently, inhibitors were developed that bind KRASG12C-GDP and react with Cys-12 (G12C-Is). Using new affinity reagents to monitor KRASG12C activation and inhibitor engagement, we found that an SHP2 inhibitor (SHP2-I) increases KRAS-GDP occupancy, enhancing G12C-I efficacy. The SHP2-I abrogated RTK feedback signaling and adaptive resistance to G12C-Is in vitro, in xenografts, and in syngeneic KRASG12C-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SHP2-I/G12C-I combination evoked favorable but tumor site-specific changes in the immune microenvironment, decreasing myeloid suppressor cells, increasing CD8+ T cells, and sensitizing tumors to PD-1 blockade. Experiments using cells expressing inhibitor-resistant SHP2 showed that SHP2 inhibition in PDAC cells is required for PDAC regression and remodeling of the immune microenvironment but revealed direct inhibitory effects on tumor angiogenesis and vascularity. Our results demonstrate that SHP2-I/G12C-I combinations confer a substantial survival benefit in PDAC and NSCLC and identify additional potential combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Fedele
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Shuai Li
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Kai Wen Teng
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Connor J R Foster
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - David Peng
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Hao Ran
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Paolo Mita
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Mitchell J Geer
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Takamitsu Hattori
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Akiko Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Yubao Wang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Kwan Ho Tang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Joshua Leinwand
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Wei Wang
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Brian Diskin
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Jiehui Deng
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Ting Chen
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Ugur Ozerdem
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - George Miller
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Shohei Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
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41
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Tang KH, Li S, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Jen J, Han H, Guidry K, Chen T, Hao Y, Fedele C, Zebala JA, Maeda DY, Christensen JG, Olson P, Athanas A, Loomis CA, Tsirigos A, Wong KK, Neel BG. Combined Inhibition of SHP2 and CXCR1/2 Promotes Anti-Tumor T Cell Response in NSCLC. Cancer Discov 2021; 12:47-61. [PMID: 34353854 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SHP2 inhibitors (SHP2i) alone and in various combinations are being tested in multiple tumors with over-activation of the RAS/ERK pathway. SHP2 plays critical roles in normal cell signaling; hence, SHP2is could influence the tumor microenvironment. We found that SHP2i treatment depleted alveolar and M2-like macrophages, induced tumor-intrinsic CCL5/CXCL10 secretion and promoted B and T lymphocyte infiltration in Kras- and Egfr-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, treatment also increased intratumor gMDSCs via tumor-intrinsic, NF-kB-dependent production of CXCR2 ligands. Other RAS/ERK pathway inhibitors also induced CXCR2 ligands and gMDSC influx in mice, and CXCR2 ligands were induced in tumors from patients on KRASG12C-inhibitor trials. Combined SHP2(SHP099)/CXCR1/2(SX682) inhibition depleted a specific cluster of S100a8/9high gMDSCs, generated Klrg1+ CD8+ effector T cells with a strong cytotoxic phenotype but expressing the checkpoint receptor NKG2A, and enhanced survival in Kras- and Egfr-mutant models. Our results argue for testing RAS/ERK pathway/CXCR1/2/NKG2A inhibitor combinations in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Ho Tang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.
| | - Shuai Li
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, Office of Science and Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jayu Jen
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Han Han
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Kayla Guidry
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Ting Chen
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Yuan Hao
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, Office of Science and Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Carmine Fedele
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Peter Olson
- Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | - Cynthia A Loomis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, Office of Science and Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Institute for Computational Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.
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42
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Zhao J, Soto LMS, Wang H, Katz MH, Prakash LR, Kim M, Tzeng CWD, Lee JE, Wolff RA, Huang Y, Wistuba II, Maitra A, Wang H. Overexpression of CD73 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is associated with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and poor survival. Pancreatology 2021; 21:942-949. [PMID: 33832821 PMCID: PMC8802341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD73, a newly recognized immune checkpoint mediator, is expressed in several types of malignancies. However, CD73 expression and its impact on tumor microenvironment and clinical outcomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unclear. METHODS This study included two cohorts: 138 patients from our institution (MDA) and 176 patients from TCGA dataset. CD73 expression, CD4+, CD8+, CD21+ and CD45RO + tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. The results of CD73 expression were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters, survival and TILs. RESULTS CD73 overexpression correlated with poor differentiation (P = 0.002) and tumor size (P = 0.049). For CD73-low group, median overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were 26.9 ± 3.8 months and 12.6 ± 2.6 months, respectively, compared to 16.9 ± 4.4 months (P = 0.01) and 7.9 ± 1.2 months (P = 0.01), respectively, in CD73-high group. CD73 was an independent predictor for both RFS (P = 0.02) and OS (P = 0.01) by multivariate variate analysis. Similarly, CD73-high tumors had significantly shorter OS than CD73-low tumors in TCGA dataset (P < 0.0001). CD73-high correlated with decreased CD4+ TILs in MDA cohort and decreased CD8A and CR2 (CD21) expression in TCGA cohort. CONCLUSIONS CD73 overexpression is associated with poor differentiation, tumor size, and shorter survival, and is an independent prognostic factor in PDAC patients. CD73 overexpression is associated with decreased CD4+, CD8+ and CD21+ TILs. Our data support that CD73 plays an important role in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and promote tumor progression in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew H Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura R Prakash
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ching-Wei D Tzeng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanqing Huang
- Evolution of Cancer, Leukemia and Immunity Post Stem Cell Transplant (ECLIPSE), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Liot S, El Kholti N, Balas J, Genestier L, Verrier B, Valcourt U, Lambert E. Development of thymic tumor in [LSL:Kras G12D; Pdx1-CRE] mice, an adverse effect associated with accelerated pancreatic carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15075. [PMID: 34302028 PMCID: PMC8302691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC) represents about 90% of pancreatic cancers. It is one of the most aggressive cancer, with a 5-year survival rate below 10% due to late diagnosis and poor therapeutic efficiency. This bad prognosis thus encourages intense research in order to better understand PDAC pathogenesis and molecular basis leading to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. This research frequently involves the KC (LSL:KrasG12D;Pdx1-CRE) genetically engineered mouse model, which leads to pancreatic cancer predisposition. However, as frequently encountered in animal models, the KC mouse model also exhibits biases. Herein, we report a new adverse effect of KrasG12D mutation in KC mouse model. In our hands, 10% of KC mice developed clinical signs reaching pre-defined end-points between 100- and 150-days post-parturition, and associated with large thymic mass development. Histological and genetic analyses of this massive thymus enabled us (1) to characterize it as a highly proliferative thymic lymphoma and (2) to detect the unexpected recombination of the Lox-STOP-Lox cassette upstream KrasG12D allele and subsequent KRASG12D protein expression in all cells composing thymic masses. Finally, we highlighted that development of such thymic tumor was associated with accelerated pancreatic carcinogenesis, immune compartment disorganization, and in some cases, lung malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Liot
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie Des Protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Naïma El Kholti
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie Des Protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Jonathan Balas
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie Des Protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Laurent Genestier
- UR LIB « Lymphoma Immuno-Biology", Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie Des Protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Ulrich Valcourt
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie Des Protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Elise Lambert
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie Des Protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.
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Wang S, Zheng Y, Yang F, Zhu L, Zhu XQ, Wang ZF, Wu XL, Zhou CH, Yan JY, Hu BY, Kong B, Fu DL, Bruns C, Zhao Y, Qin LX, Dong QZ. The molecular biology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: translational challenges and clinical perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:249. [PMID: 34219130 PMCID: PMC8255319 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an increasingly common cause of cancer mortality with a tight correspondence between disease mortality and incidence. Furthermore, it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with a very dismal prognosis. Due to the high heterogeneity, metabolic reprogramming, and dense stromal environment associated with pancreatic cancer, patients benefit little from current conventional therapy. Recent insight into the biology and genetics of pancreatic cancer has supported its molecular classification, thus expanding clinical therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize how the biological features of pancreatic cancer and its metabolic reprogramming as well as the tumor microenvironment regulate its development and progression. We further discuss potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer diagnosis, prediction, and surveillance based on novel liquid biopsies. We also outline recent advances in defining pancreatic cancer subtypes and subtype-specific therapeutic responses and current preclinical therapeutic models. Finally, we discuss prospects and challenges in the clinical development of pancreatic cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe-Fang Wang
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiao-Lin Wu
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cheng-Hui Zhou
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jia-Yan Yan
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - De-Liang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christiane Bruns
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key laboratory of whole-period monitoring and precise intervention of digestive cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (SMHC), Shanghai, China.
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45
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Construction of a five-gene prognostic model based on immune-related genes for the prediction of survival in pancreatic cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229064. [PMID: 34143198 PMCID: PMC8252190 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To identify differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) and construct a model with survival-related DEIRGs for evaluating the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods: Six microarray gene expression datasets of PC from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort) were used to identify DEIRGs. RNA sequencing and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program-Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PAAD) database were used to establish the prognostic model. Univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to determine the final variables of the prognostic model. The median risk score was used as the cut-off value to classify samples into low- and high-risk groups. The prognostic model was further validated using an internal validation set of TCGA and an external validation set of GSE62452. Results: In total, 142 DEIRGs were identified from six GEO datasets, 47 were survival-related DEIRGs. A prognostic model comprising five genes (i.e., ERAP2, CXCL9, AREG, DKK1, and IL20RB) was established. High-risk patients had poor survival compared with low-risk patients. The 1-, 2-, 3-year area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the model reached 0.85, 0.87, and 0.93, respectively. Additionally, the prognostic model reflected the infiltration of neutrophils and dendritic cells. The expression of most characteristic immune checkpoints was significantly higher in the high-risk group versus the low-risk group. Conclusions: The five-gene prognostic model showed reliably predictive accuracy. This model may provide useful information for immunotherapy and facilitate personalized monitoring for patients with PC.
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Alzhrani R, Alsaab HO, Vanamal K, Bhise K, Tatiparti K, Barari A, Sau S, Iyer AK. Overcoming the Tumor Microenvironmental Barriers of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas for Achieving Better Treatment Outcomes. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000262. [PMID: 34212073 PMCID: PMC8240487 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease with the lowest survival rate among all solid tumors. The lethality of PDAC arises from late detection and propensity of the tumor to metastasize and develop resistance against chemo and radiation therapy. A highly complex tumor microenvironment composed of dense stroma, immune cells, fibroblast, and disorganized blood vessels, is the main obstacle to current PDAC therapy. Despite the tremendous success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancers, PDAC remains one of the poorest responders of ICIs therapy. The immunologically "cold" phenotype of PDAC is attributed to the low mutational burden, high infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T-regs, contributing to a significant immunotherapy resistance mechanism. Thus, the development of innovative strategies for turning immunologically "cold" tumor into "hot" ones is an unmet need to improve the outcome of PDAC ICIs therapies. Other smart strategies, such as nanomedicines, sonic Hedgehog inhibitor, or smoothened inhibitor, are discussed to enhance chemotherapeutic agents' efficiency by disrupting the PDAC stroma. This review highlights the current challenges and various preclinical and clinical strategies to overcome current PDAC therapy difficulties, thus significantly advancing PDAC research knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Alzhrani
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O. Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kushal Vanamal
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Ketki Bhise
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Katyayani Tatiparti
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Ayatakshi Barari
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Arun K. Iyer
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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47
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Kaur J, Mir T, Gill R, Duong J, Marcus S, Khan R. Immunotherapeutic approach for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:767-782. [PMID: 33910383 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most of the patients' presentation is in advanced stages and remains resistant to currently available standard therapies. An in-depth understanding of PDAC's pathogenesis has shown that immunotherapy could bring about a revolution in the treatment response. Immunotherapy in PDAC appears promising in preclinical studies but failed to show benefits in clinical studies. These novel agents' therapeutic failure can be attributed to multiple variables including the tumor microenvironment, early metastasis, tumor heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. There is a need to develop biomarkers for the patient's stratification and provide individualized treatment to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI 48341, USA
| | - Tanveer Mir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Randip Gill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI 48341, USA
| | - Jacky Duong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI 48341, USA
| | - Sapna Marcus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Bathinda, India
| | - Rafiullah Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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48
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Feng Z, Qian H, Li K, Lou J, Wu Y, Peng C. Development and Validation of a 7-Gene Prognostic Signature to Improve Survival Prediction in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:676291. [PMID: 34095229 PMCID: PMC8176016 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.676291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous prognostic signatures of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are mainly constructed to predict the overall survival (OS), and their predictive accuracy needs to be improved. Gene signatures that efficaciously predict both OS and disease-free survival (DFS) are of great clinical significance but are rarely reported. Methods: Univariate Cox regression analysis was adopted to screen common genes that were significantly associated with both OS and DFS in three independent cohorts. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was subsequently performed on the identified genes to determine an optimal gene signature in the MTAB-6134 training cohort. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M), calibration, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to assess the predictive accuracy. Biological process and pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to elucidate the biological role of this signature. Results: Multivariate Cox regression analysis determined a 7-gene signature that contained ASPH, DDX10, NR0B2, BLOC1S3, FAM83A, SLAMF6, and PPM1H. The signature had the ability to stratify PDAC patients with different OS and DFS, both in the training and validation cohorts. ROC curves confirmed the moderate predictive accuracy of this signature. Mechanically, the signature was related to multiple cancer-related pathways. Conclusion: A novel OS and DFS prediction model was constructed in PDAC with multi-cohort and cross-platform compatibility. This signature might foster individualized therapy and appropriate management of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyao Lou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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49
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Kaur J, Singh P, Enzler T, Sahai V. Emerging antibody therapies for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a review of recent phase 2 trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2021; 26:103-129. [PMID: 33734833 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2021.1905795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is now the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US which can be attributed to rising incidence, diagnosis at advanced stages and early development of metastasis. Systemic therapy remains palliative with early development of resistance possibly related to the constitutive activation of 'undruggable' KRAS, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and intense desmoplasia. The advancements in molecular biology has led to the development and investigation of targeted and immune therapeutics.Areas covered: This study provides a comprehensive review of the literature to further the understanding of molecular targets with their respective antibody-based therapies in clinical development in pancreatic cancer. PubMed was systematically searched for English-language articles discussing antibody-based therapies under phase 2 clinical trial investigation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Expert opinion: PDAC remains highly resistant to chemotherapy with no significant improvement in survival for patients with advanced or metastatic cancer. Unfortunately, the majority of the antibody-based targeted and immune therapeutics have failed to meet their primary efficacy endpoints in early phase trials. However, there are a few promising antibody-based drugs with intriguing preliminary data that merit further investigation, while many more continue to be developed and investigated preclinically, and in early phase trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI, USA
| | - Paramveer Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Enzler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vaibhav Sahai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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50
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Jiang P, Yang F, Zou C, Bao T, Wu M, Yang D, Bu S. The construction and analysis of a ferroptosis-related gene prognostic signature for pancreatic cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10396-10414. [PMID: 33819918 PMCID: PMC8064155 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death nexus linking metabolism, redox biology and diseases including cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify a ferroptosis-related gene prognostic signature for pancreatic cancer (PCa) by systematic analysis of transcriptional profiles from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). Altogether 14 ferroptosis-relevant genes with potential prognostic values were identified, based on which a risk score formula was constructed. According to the risk scores, we classified the patients into a high- and a low-risk score group. It was verified in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ICGC (International Cancer Genome Consortium) datasets. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with lower risk scores had significantly favorable overall survival (OS) (P < 0.0001). The area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) for 12, 18 and 24 months was about 0.8 in all patients. The result of immune status analysis revealed that the signature significantly associated with the immune infiltration and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) proteins. In addition, we used quantitative real time PCR (q-rtPCR) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) to validate the expression of the key genes. Collectively, the signature is valuable for survival prediction of PCa patients. As the signature also has relevance with the immune characteristics, it may help improve the efficacy of personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peicheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Caifeng Zou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyuan Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongqin Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shurui Bu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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