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da Costa Rodrigues T, Zorzete P, Miyaji EN, Gonçalves VM. Novel method for production and purification of untagged pneumococcal surface protein A from clade 1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:281. [PMID: 38570417 PMCID: PMC10990985 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause diseases with high mortality and morbidity. The licensed vaccines are based on capsular polysaccharides and induce antibodies with low cross reactivity, leading to restricted coverage of serotypes. For surpassing this limitation, new pneumococcal vaccines are needed for induction of broader protection. One important candidate is the pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), which can be classified in 6 clades and 3 families. We have reported an efficient process for production and purification of untagged recombinant PspA from clade 4 (PspA4Pro). We now aim to obtain a highly pure recombinant PspA from clade 1 (PspA1) to be included, together with PspA4Pro, in a vaccine formulation to broaden response against pneumococci. The vector pET28a-pspA1 was constructed and used to transform Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strain. One clone with high production of PspA1 was selected and adapted to high-density fermentation (HDF) medium. After biomass production in 6 L HDF using a bioreactor, the purification was defined after testing 3 protocols. During the batch bioreactor cultivation, plasmid stability remained above 90% and acetate formation was not detected. The final protein purification process included treatment with a cationic detergent after lysis, anion exchange chromatography, cryoprecipitation, cation exchange chromatography, and multimodal chromatography. The final purification process showed PspA1 purity of 93% with low endotoxin content and an overall recovery above 20%. The novel established process can be easily scaled-up and proved to be efficient to obtain a highly pure untagged PspA1 for inclusion in vaccine formulations. KEY POINTS: • Purification strategy for recombinant PspA1 from Streptococcus pneumoniae • Downstream processing for untagged protein antigens, the case of PspA1 • Purification strategy for PspA variants relies on buried amino acids in their sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasson da Costa Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades Em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Zorzete
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Namie Miyaji
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades Em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Maimoni Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades Em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Chen Y, Ying Y, Lalsiamthara J, Zhao Y, Imani S, Li X, Liu S, Wang Q. From bacteria to biomedicine: Developing therapies exploiting NAD + metabolism. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106974. [PMID: 37984103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) serves as a critical cofactor in cellular metabolism and redox reactions. Bacterial pathways rely on NAD+ participation, where its stability and concentration govern essential homeostasis and functions. This review delves into the role and metabolic regulation of NAD+ in bacteria, highlighting its influence on physiology and virulence. Notably, we explore enzymes linked to NAD+ metabolism as antibacterial drug targets and vaccine candidates. Moreover, we scrutinize NAD+'s medical potential, offering insights for its application in biomedicine. This comprehensive assessment informs future research directions in the dynamic realm of NAD+ and its biomedical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ying
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jonathan Lalsiamthara
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yuheng Zhao
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Saber Imani
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Ji S, Gong Q, Zhang W, Zheng J, Peng B, Yang M. Recombinant Vibrio parahaemolyticus ghosts protect zebrafish against infection by Vibrio species. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:64-72. [PMID: 33038509 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic animals are frequently threated by bacterial pathogens. The most economic and efficient protection against bacterial infection are through vaccine immunization. The various serotypes of the pathogens, such as Vibrios, hurdle the development of the vaccines, especially polyvalent vaccines. Here, we demonstrate that recombinant bacterial ghost is a good candidate for multivalent vaccine. By expressing PhiX174 gene E alone or co-expressing the gene E with two genes encoding outer membrane proteins (VP1667 and VP2369) in V. parahaemolyticus, we generated the recombinant V. parahaemolyticus ghosts VPG and rVPGs respectively. Fish immunized with either VPG or rVPG showed increased survival against the infection by either V. parahaemolyticus or V. alginolyticus, with a better protective effect by immunization with rVPG. Our furthermore studies show that rVPG stimulates stronger innate immune responses by increasing the expression of tnfα, il1β, il6, il8 and il10 as well as that of c3b, lyz, and tlr5, the key players linking the innate and adaptive immune responses upon microbial stimulation. In summary, VPG and rVPG can protect zebrafish against the infection from at least two Vibrio species, suggesting its potential value for further aquaculture vaccines development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengle Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qiyang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Menghua Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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4
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Rudenko O, Engelstädter J, Barnes AC. Evolutionary epidemiology of Streptococcus iniae: Linking mutation rate dynamics with adaptation to novel immunological landscapes. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104435. [PMID: 32569744 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens continuously adapt to changing host environments where variation in their virulence and antigenicity is critical to their long-term evolutionary success. The emergence of novel variants is accelerated in microbial mutator strains (mutators) deficient in DNA repair genes, most often from mismatch repair and oxidized-guanine repair systems (MMR and OG respectively). Bacterial MMR/OG mutants are abundant in clinical samples and show increased adaptive potential in experimental infection models, yet the role of mutators in the epidemiology and evolution of infectious disease is not well understood. Here we investigated the role of mutation rate dynamics in the evolution of a broad host range pathogen, Streptococcus iniae, using a set of 80 strains isolated globally over 40 years. We have resolved phylogenetic relationships using non-recombinant core genome variants, measured in vivo mutation rates by fluctuation analysis, identified variation in major MMR/OG genes and their regulatory regions, and phenotyped the major traits determining virulence in streptococci. We found that both mutation rate and MMR/OG genotype are remarkably conserved within phylogenetic clades but significantly differ between major phylogenetic lineages. Further, variation in MMR/OG loci correlates with occurrence of atypical virulence-associated phenotypes, infection in atypical hosts (mammals), and atypical (osseous) tissue of a vaccinated primary host. These findings suggest that mutators are likely to facilitate adaptations preceding major diversification events and may promote emergence of variation permitting colonization of a novel host tissue, novel host taxa (host jumps), and immune-escape in the vaccinated host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Rudenko
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jan Engelstädter
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew C Barnes
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Chen X, Lao Y, Yi J, Yang J, He S, Chen Y. SENP3 in monocytes/macrophages up-regulates tissue factor and mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by enhancing JNK phosphorylation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5454-5462. [PMID: 32237051 PMCID: PMC7214145 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying coagulation abnormalities in sepsis and septic acute lung injury remain unclear. Tissue factor (TF) initiates coagulation; its production can be regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS); and monocytes/macrophages produce pathological TF during sepsis. The SUMO2/3 protease SENP3 is redox‐sensitive, and SENP3 accumulation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated macrophages is ROS‐dependent. To explore whether SENP3 contributes to LPS‐activated coagulation, we used mice with Senp3 conditional knockout (cKO) in myeloid cells. In the model of LPS‐induced sepsis, SENP3 cKO mice exhibited less severe acute lung injury than SENP3 fl/fl mice. SENP3 cKO mice exhibited decreased TF expression in monocytes and alveolar macrophages, with consequently compromised coagulation in their blood and lungs. In vitro results showed that ROS‐induced SENP3 accumulation contributed to LPS‐induced TF expression, which was reduced by JNK inhibitor SP600125. Furthermore, mice injected with LPS following SP600125 (75 mg/kg) treatment showed decreased monocytes/macrophages TF production and alleviated coagulation activation, with less severe lung injury and higher survival rates. Collectively, the results suggest that SENP3 mediates LPS‐induced coagulation activation by up‐regulating monocyte/macrophage TF production in a JNK‐dependent manner. This work provides new insights into ROS regulation of LPS‐activated coagulation and reveals a link between SUMOylation and coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Chen
- Emergency Department, South Campus, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Lao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangjun He
- Emergency Department, South Campus, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Emergency Department, South Campus, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Chang Y, Meng X, Li Y, Liang J, Li T, Meng D, Zhu T, Yu P. Synthesis and immunogenicity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis arabinomannan-CRM197 conjugate. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:543-553. [PMID: 31057734 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00546j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a major structural surface component of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study describes the synthesis of the well-defined lipoarabinomannan (LAM) specific dodecasaccharide-protein conjugate and immunological studies. Arabinomannan (AM) dodecasaccharide has been efficiently synthesized and covalently conjugated to carrier proteins, including cross reactive mutant (CRM197) diphtheria toxoid and bovine serum albumin (BSA) for novel neoglycoconjugates, creating a potent T-dependent conjugate vaccine. Preliminary mice immunization studies on the neoglycoconjugate revealed that it could give rise to a strong IgG antibody titer in mice at 4.0 μg dose with an aluminum phosphate adjuvant. AM-CRM197 shows potential as an excellent candidate for a new carbohydrate-based vaccine that would be capable of eliciting a protective immune response against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology , Ministry of Education , College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , PR China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 22 60912562
| | - Xin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology , Ministry of Education , College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , PR China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 22 60912562
| | - Yaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology , Ministry of Education , College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , PR China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 22 60912562
| | - Jianmei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology , Ministry of Education , College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , PR China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 22 60912562
| | - Tingshen Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology , Ministry of Education , College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , PR China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 22 60912562
| | - Demei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety , College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin , 300457 , PR China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology , Ministry of Education , College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , PR China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 22 60912562.,CanSino Biologics Inc. , Tianjin 300457 , PR China
| | - Peng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology , Ministry of Education , College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , PR China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 22 60912562
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7
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Deng H, Pang Q, Zhao B, Vayssier-Taussat M. Molecular Mechanisms of Bartonella and Mammalian Erythrocyte Interactions: A Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:431. [PMID: 30619777 PMCID: PMC6299047 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonellosis is an infectious disease caused by Bartonella species that are distributed worldwide with animal and public health impact varying according to Bartonella species, infection phase, immunological characteristics, and geographical region. Bartonella is widely present in various mammals including cats, rodents, ruminants, and humans. At least 13 Bartonella species or subspecies are zoonotic. Each species has few reservoir animals in which it is often asymptomatic. Bartonella infection may lead to various clinical symptoms in humans. As described in the B.tribocorum-rat model, when Bartonella was seeded into the blood stream, they could escape immunity, adhered to and invaded host erythrocytes. They then replicated and persisted in the infected erythrocytes for several weeks. This review summarizes the current knowledge of how Bartonella prevent phagocytosis and complement activation, what pathogenesis factors are involved in erythrocyte adhesion and invasion, and how Bartonella could replicate and persist in mammalian erythrocytes. Current advances in research will help us to decipher molecular mechanisms of interactions between Bartonella and mammalian erythrocytes and may help in the development of biological strategies for the prevention and control of bartonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkuan Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Muriel Vayssier-Taussat
- UMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne, Maisons-Alfort, France
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8
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Nagpal G, Usmani SS, Raghava GPS. A Web Resource for Designing Subunit Vaccine Against Major Pathogenic Species of Bacteria. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2280. [PMID: 30356876 PMCID: PMC6190870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolution has led to the expansion of survival strategies in pathogens including bacteria and emergence of drug resistant strains proved to be a major global threat. Vaccination is a promising strategy to protect human population. Reverse vaccinology is a more robust vaccine development approach especially with the availability of large-scale sequencing data and rapidly dropping cost of the techniques for acquiring such data from various organisms. The present study implements an immunoinformatic approach for screening the possible antigenic proteins among various pathogenic bacteria to systemically arrive at epitope-based vaccine candidates against 14 pathogenic bacteria. Thousand four hundred and fifty nine virulence factors and Five hundred and forty six products of essential genes were appraised as target proteins to predict potential epitopes with potential to stimulate different arms of the immune system. To address the self-tolerance, self-epitopes were identified by mapping on 1000 human proteome and were removed. Our analysis revealed that 21proteins from 5 bacterial species were found as virulent as well as essential to their survival, proved to be most suitable vaccine target against these species. In addition to the prediction of MHC-II binders, B cell and T cell epitopes as well as adjuvants individually from proteins of all 14 bacterial species, a stringent criteria lead us to identify 252 unique epitopes, which are predicted to be T-cell epitopes, B-cell epitopes, MHC II binders and Vaccine Adjuvants. In order to provide service to scientific community, we developed a web server VacTarBac for designing of vaccines against above species of bacteria. This platform integrates a number of tools that includes visualization tools to present antigenicity/epitopes density on an antigenic sequence. These tools will help users to identify most promiscuous vaccine candidates in a pathogenic antigen. This server VacTarBac is available from URL (http://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/vactarbac/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandharva Nagpal
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Centre for Bioinformatics, Computational and Systems Biology, Pathfinder Research and Training Foundation, Greater Noida, India
| | - Salman Sadullah Usmani
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla, India
| | - Gajendra P S Raghava
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla, India
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9
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Sallé G, Laing R, Cotton JA, Maitland K, Martinelli A, Holroyd N, Tracey A, Berriman M, Smith WD, Newlands GFJ, Hanks E, Devaney E, Britton C. Transcriptomic profiling of nematode parasites surviving vaccine exposure. Int J Parasitol 2018. [PMID: 29534987 PMCID: PMC5909036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Surviving Haemonchus contortus from vaccinated sheep were compared with control worms. There is no evidence for changes in expression of genes encoding Barbervax® antigens. There was increased expression of other proteases and regulators of lysosome trafficking. Surviving worms displayed up-regulated lipid storage and defecation abilities.
Some nematode species are economically important parasites of livestock, while others are important human pathogens causing some of the most important neglected tropical diseases. In both humans and animals, anthelmintic drug administration is the main control strategy, but the emergence of drug-resistant worms has stimulated the development of alternative control approaches. Among these, vaccination is considered to be a sustainable and cost effective strategy. Currently, Barbervax® for the ruminant strongylid Haemonchus contortus is the only registered subunit vaccine for a nematode parasite, although a vaccine for the human hookworm Necator americanus is undergoing clinical trials (HOOKVAC consortium). As both these vaccines comprise a limited number of proteins, there is potential for selection of nematodes with altered sequences or expression of the vaccine antigens. Here we compared the transcriptome of H. contortus populations from sheep vaccinated with Barbervax® with worms from control animals. Barbervax® antigens are native integral membrane proteins isolated from the brush border of the intestinal cells of the adult parasite and many of those are proteases. Our findings provide no evidence for changes in expression of genes encoding Barbervax® antigens in the surviving parasite populations. However, surviving parasites from vaccinated animals showed increased expression of other proteases and regulators of lysosome trafficking, and displayed up-regulated lipid storage and defecation abilities that may have circumvented the effect of the vaccine. Implications for other potential vaccines for human and veterinary nematodes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Sallé
- INRA - U. Tours, UMR 1282 ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Roz Laing
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James A Cotton
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Maitland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Martinelli
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy Holroyd
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Tracey
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - W David Smith
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - George F J Newlands
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Eve Hanks
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Devaney
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Collette Britton
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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10
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Lao Y, Yang K, Wang Z, Sun X, Zou Q, Yu X, Cheng J, Tong X, Yeh ETH, Yang J, Yi J. DeSUMOylation of MKK7 kinase by the SUMO2/3 protease SENP3 potentiates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory signaling in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3965-3980. [PMID: 29352108 PMCID: PMC5857993 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.816769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein SUMOylation has been reported to play a role in innate immune response, but the enzymes, substrates, and consequences of the specific inflammatory signaling events are largely unknown. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are abundantly produced during macrophage activation and required for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory signaling. Previously, we demonstrated that SENP3 is a redox-sensitive SUMO2/3 protease. To explore any links between reversible SUMOylation and ROS-related inflammatory signaling in macrophage activation, we generated mice with Senp3 conditional knock-out in myeloid cells. In bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in vitro and in vivo inflammation models, we found that SENP3 deficiency markedly compromises the activation of TLR4 inflammatory signaling and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages exposed to LPS. Moreover, Senp3 conditional knock-out mice were significantly less susceptible to septic shock. Of note, SENP3 deficiency was associated with impairment in JNK phosphorylation. We found that MKK7, which selectively phosphorylates JNK, is a SENP3 substrate and that SENP3-mediated deSUMOylation of MKK7 may favor its binding to JNK. Importantly, ROS-dependent SENP3 accumulation and MKK7 deSUMOylation rapidly occurred after LPS stimulation. In conclusion, our findings indicate that SENP3 potentiates LPS-induced TLR4 signaling via deSUMOylation of MKK7 leading to enhancement in JNK phosphorylation and the downstream events. Therefore this work provides novel mechanistic insights into redox regulation of innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Lao
- From the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kai Yang
- From the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China, and
| | - Xueqing Sun
- From the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China, and
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai 200025, China, and
| | - Jinke Cheng
- From the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- From the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Edward T H Yeh
- the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Jie Yang
- From the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China,
| | - Jing Yi
- From the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China,
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Chiappelli F, Khakshooy A, Balenton N. Clinical Immunology of Cholera - Current Trends and Directions for Future Advancement. Bioinformation 2017; 13:352-355. [PMID: 29162969 PMCID: PMC5680718 DOI: 10.6026/97320630013352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera remains a feared, aggressive, infectious and lethal disease today, despite several decades of intense research, concerted public health modalities designed to prevent, and to control outbreaks, availability of efficacious vaccines aimed at containing its contagious spread, and effective patient-centered medical interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality. Despite these advances, cholera still strikes communities around the world, especially in countries and regions of the globe where medical and nursing care cannot be as effectively proffered to the population at risk as in First World economies. Case in point, the number of suspected cholera cases that currently afflicts Yemen escalates at an "unprecedented rate", according to the World Health Organization. Here, following a brief introduction of the history of the medical knowledge about cholera, we discuss current trends of our understanding of clinical immune surveillance against the bacillus that causes cholera, vibrio Cholera (vCh). We cite the current state of best available evidence about anticholera vaccines, and outline certain directions for future study to characterize the clinical immunology of cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Chiappelli
- Laboratory of Human Psychoneuroendocrine-Osteoimmunology; School of Dentistry, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668
- Evidence-Based Decision Practice-Based Research Network, DGSO, Los Angeles, CA 91403
- Department of the Health Sciences, CSUN, Northridge, CA 91330
| | - Allen Khakshooy
- Laboratory of Human Psychoneuroendocrine-Osteoimmunology; School of Dentistry, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 3109601
| | - Nicole Balenton
- Laboratory of Human Psychoneuroendocrine-Osteoimmunology; School of Dentistry, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668
- Department of the Health Sciences, CSUN, Northridge, CA 91330
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van Pee K, Mulvihill E, Müller DJ, Yildiz Ö. Unraveling the Pore-Forming Steps of Pneumolysin from Streptococcus pneumoniae. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7915-7924. [PMID: 27796097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pneumolysin (PLY) is the main virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae that causes pneumonia, meningitis, and invasive pneumococcal infection. PLY is produced as monomers, which bind to cholesterol-containing membranes, where they oligomerize into large pores. To investigate the pore-forming mechanism, we determined the crystal structure of PLY at 2.4 Å and used it to design mutants on the surface of monomers. Electron microscopy of liposomes incubated with PLY mutants revealed that several mutations interfered with ring formation. Mutants that formed incomplete rings or linear arrays had strongly reduced hemolytic activity. By high-resolution time-lapse atomic force microscopy of wild-type PLY, we observed two different ring-shaped complexes. Most of the complexes protruded ∼8 nm above the membrane surface, while a smaller number protruded ∼11 nm or more. The lower complexes were identified as pores or prepores by the presence or absence of a lipid bilayer in their center. The taller complexes were side-by-side assemblies of monomers of soluble PLY that represent an early form of the prepore. Our observations suggest a four-step mechanism of membrane attachment and pore formation by PLY, which is discussed in the context of recent structural models. The functional separation of these steps is necessary for the understanding how cholesterol-dependent cytolysins form pores and lyse cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina van Pee
- Department of Structural Biology, Max PIanck Institute of Biophysics , Max von Laue Strasse 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Estefania Mulvihill
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich , Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich , Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Özkan Yildiz
- Department of Structural Biology, Max PIanck Institute of Biophysics , Max von Laue Strasse 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kilgore PE, Salim AM, Zervos MJ, Schmitt HJ. Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016; 29:449-86. [PMID: 27029594 PMCID: PMC4861987 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00083-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a severe respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, and in 2008, pertussis was associated with an estimated 16 million cases and 195,000 deaths globally. Sizeable outbreaks of pertussis have been reported over the past 5 years, and disease reemergence has been the focus of international attention to develop a deeper understanding of pathogen virulence and genetic evolution of B. pertussis strains. During the past 20 years, the scientific community has recognized pertussis among adults as well as infants and children. Increased recognition that older children and adolescents are at risk for disease and may transmit B. pertussis to younger siblings has underscored the need to better understand the role of innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immunity, including the role of waning immunity. Although recognition of adult pertussis has increased in tandem with a better understanding of B. pertussis pathogenesis, pertussis in neonates and adults can manifest with atypical clinical presentations. Such disease patterns make pertussis recognition difficult and lead to delays in treatment. Ongoing research using newer tools for molecular analysis holds promise for improved understanding of pertussis epidemiology, bacterial pathogenesis, bioinformatics, and immunology. Together, these advances provide a foundation for the development of new-generation diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Kilgore
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum Collage of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Abdulbaset M Salim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum Collage of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Marcus J Zervos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Schmitt
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Vaccines, Paris, France Department of Pediatrics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Ram S, Shaughnessy J, DeOliveira RB, Lewis LA, Gulati S, Rice PA. Utilizing complement evasion strategies to design complement-based antibacterial immunotherapeutics: Lessons from the pathogenic Neisseriae. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1110-23. [PMID: 27297292 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapies are urgently needed to combat the global threat of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Complement forms an important arm of innate defenses against infections. In physiological conditions, complement activation is tightly controlled by soluble and membrane-associated complement inhibitors, but must be selectively activated on invading pathogens to facilitate microbial clearance. Many pathogens, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis, express glycans, including N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), that mimic host structures to evade host immunity. Neu5Ac is a negatively charged 9-cabon sugar that inhibits complement, in part by enhancing binding of the complement inhibitor factor H (FH) through C-terminal domains (19 and 20) on FH. Other microbes also bind FH, in most instances through FH domains 6 and 7 or 18-20. Here we describe two strategies to target complement activation on Neisseriae. First, microbial binding domains of FH were fused to IgG Fc to create FH18-20/Fc (binds gonococci) and FH6,7/Fc (binds meningococci). A point mutation in FH domain 19 eliminated hemolysis caused by unmodified FH18-20, but retained binding to gonococci. FH18-20/Fc and FH6,7/Fc mediated complement-dependent killing in vitro and showed efficacy in animal models of gonorrhea and meningococcal bacteremia, respectively. The second strategy utilized CMP-nonulosonate (CMP-NulO) analogs of sialic acid that were incorporated into LOS and prevented complement inhibition by physiologic CMP-Neu5Ac and resulted in attenuated gonococcal infection in mice. While studies to establish the safety of these agents are needed, enhancing complement activation on microbes may represent a promising strategy to treat antimicrobial resistant organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Ram
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Jutamas Shaughnessy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Rosane B DeOliveira
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lisa A Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sunita Gulati
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Peter A Rice
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Host-directed therapies for antimicrobial resistant respiratory tract infections. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2016; 22:203-11. [DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Litschko C, Romano MR, Pinto V, Claus H, Vogel U, Berti F, Gerardy-Schahn R, Fiebig T. The capsule polymerase CslB of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup L catalyzes the synthesis of a complex trimeric repeating unit comprising glycosidic and phosphodiester linkages. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24355-66. [PMID: 26286750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a human pathogen causing bacterial meningitis and sepsis. The capsular polysaccharide surrounding N. meningitidis is a major virulence factor. The capsular polysaccharide consists of polyhexosamine phosphates in N. meningitidis serogroups A and X. The capsule polymerases (CPs) of these serogroups are members of the Stealth protein family comprising d-hexose-1-phosphate transferases from bacterial and protozoan pathogens. CslA, one of two putative CPs of the pathophysiologically less relevant N. meningitidis serogroup L, is one of the smallest known Stealth proteins and caught our attention for structure-function analyses. Because the N. meningitidis serogroup L capsule polymer consists of a trimeric repeating unit ([→3)-β-d-GlcNAc-(1→3)-β-d-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-d-GlcNAc-(1→OPO3→]n), we speculated that the two predicted CPs (CslA and CslB) work together in polymer production. Consequently, both enzymes were cloned, overexpressed, and purified as recombinant proteins. Contrary to our expectation, enzymatic testing identified CslB to be sufficient to catalyze the synthesis of the complex trimeric N. meningitidis serogroup L capsule polymer repeating unit. No polymerase activity was detected for CslA, although the enzyme facilitated the hydrolysis of UDP-GlcNAc. Bioinformatics analyses identified two glycosyltransferase (GT) domains in CslB. The N-terminal domain modeled with 100% confidence onto a number of GT-A folded proteins, whereas the C-terminal domain modeled with 100% confidence onto TagF, a GT-B folded teichoic acid polymerase from Staphylococcus epidermidis. Amino acid positions known to have critical catalytic functions in the template proteins were conserved in CslB, and their point mutation abolished enzyme activity. CslB represents an enzyme of so far unique complexity regarding both the catalyzed reaction and enzyme architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Litschko
- From the Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Vittoria Pinto
- Research, GSK Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy, and
| | - Heike Claus
- the Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Vogel
- the Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Berti
- Research, GSK Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy, and
| | - Rita Gerardy-Schahn
- From the Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Timm Fiebig
- From the Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany,
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