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Elumalai T, Croxford W, Buijtenhuijs B, Conroy R, Sanderson B, Enting D, Aversa C, Doss G, Das A, Vasudev NS, Kitetere E, Tolan S, Law A, Hoskin P, Mistry H, Choudhury A. Using Real-world Data to Define a Validated Nomogram for Advanced Bladder Cancer Patients Who Respond to Immunotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:642-652. [PMID: 35282933 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are used in incurable urothelial cancers, both in chemo-naïve and platinum-refractory patients. Efficacy and toxicity data published outside controlled clinical trials are limited. We report overall survival, progression-free survival and toxicities of ICIs in locally advanced (LABC) or metastatic bladder cancer (MBC). We aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model for these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multicentre real-world individual patient-level data study (n = 272) evaluating ICIs in the first-line platinum-ineligible or platinum-refractory setting for LABC/MBC between March 2017 and February 2020 was undertaken. Cox regression analyses evaluated the association of prognostic factors with overall survival. Data were split to create a training (n = 208) and validation (n = 64) cohort. The backward elimination method with a P-value cut-off of 0.05 was used to develop a reduced prognostic model using the training data set. The concordance index and assessment of observed versus predicted survival probabilities were used to evaluate the final model. RESULTS The median follow-up was 18.9 (15.8-21.5) months. The median overall survival and progression-free survival in the training cohort were 9.2 (95% confidence interval 7.4-10.5) and 4.5 months (3.5-5.7), respectively. The most common grade 1/2 adverse events recorded were fatigue (47.8%) and infection (19.9%). Five key prognostic factors found in the training set were low haemoglobin, high neutrophil count, choice of immunotherapy favouring pembrolizumab, presence of liver metastasis and steroid use within 30 days of treatment. The concordance index for the training and validation cohorts was 0.66 (standard error = 0.05) and 0.64 (standard error = 0.04), respectively, for the final model. A nomogram was developed to calculate the expected survival probabilities based on risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Real-world data were used to produce a validated prognostic model for overall survival in LABC/MBC treated with ICIs. This model could assist in patient stratification, interpreting and framing future trials incorporating PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in LABC/MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Elumalai
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - W Croxford
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | | | - R Conroy
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - B Sanderson
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Royal Preston Hospital, Rosemere Cancer Centre, Preston, UK
| | - D Enting
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Aversa
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G Doss
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Das
- St James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, UK
| | | | - E Kitetere
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Tolan
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Law
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Hoskin
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - H Mistry
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Choudhury
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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2
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Sorafenib Chemosensitization by Caryophyllane Sesquiterpenes in Liver, Biliary, and Pancreatic Cancer Cells: The Role of STAT3/ABC Transporter Axis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061264. [PMID: 35745837 PMCID: PMC9231089 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of anticancer drugs and chemosensitizing agents has been approached as a promising strategy to potentiate chemotherapy and reduce toxicity in aggressive and chemoresistant cancers, like hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In the present study, the ability of caryophyllane sesquiterpenes to potentiate sorafenib efficacy was studied in HCC, CCA, and PDAC cell models, focusing on the modulation of STAT3 signaling and ABC transporters; tolerability studies in normal cells were also performed. Results showed that the combination of sorafenib and caryophyllane sesquiterpenes synergized the anticancer drug, especially in pancreatic Bx-PC3 adenocarcinoma cells; a similar trend, although with lower efficacy, was found for the standard ABC transporter inhibitors. Synergistic effects were associated with a modulation of MDR1 (or Pgp) and MRP transporters, both at gene and protein level; moreover, activation of STAT3 cascade and cell migration appeared significantly affected, suggesting that the STAT3/ABC-transporters axis finely regulated efficacy and chemoresistance to sorafenib, thus appearing as a suitable target to overcome drawbacks of sorafenib-based chemotherapy in hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancers. Present findings strengthen the interest in caryophyllane sesquiterpenes as chemosensitizing and chemopreventive agents and contribute to clarifying drug resistance mechanisms in HCC, CCA, and PDAC cancers and to developing possible novel therapeutic strategies.
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Löffler MW, Gori S, Izzo F, Mayer-Mokler A, Ascierto P, Königsrainer A, Ma YT, Sangro B, Francque S, Vonghia L, Inno A, Avallone A, Ludwig J, Alcoba DD, Flohr C, Aslan K, Mendrzyk R, Schuster H, Borrelli M, Valmori D, Chaumette T, Heidenreich R, Gouttefangeas C, Forlani G, Tagliamonte M, Fusco C, Penta R, Iñarrairaegui M, Gnad-Vogt U, Reinhardt C, Weinschenk T, Accolla RS, Singh H, Rammensee HG, Buonaguro L. Phase I/II multicenter trial of a novel therapeutic cancer vaccine, HepaVac-101, for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2555-2566. [PMID: 35421231 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows considerable promise in improving clinical outcomes. HepaVac-101 represents a single-arm, first-in-man Phase I/II multicenter cancer vaccine trial for HCC (NCT03203005). It combines multi-peptide antigens (IMA970A) with the TLR7/8/RIG I agonist CV8102. IMA970A includes 5 HLA-A*24 and 7 HLA-A*02 as well as 4 HLA-DR restricted peptides selected after mass spectrometric identification in human HCC tissues or cell lines. CV8102 is an RNA-based immunostimulator inducing a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 82 patients with very early to intermediate stage HCCs were enrolled and screened for suitable HLA haplotypes and 22 put on study treatment. This consisted in a single infusion of low-dose cyclophosphamide followed by 9 intradermal coadministrations of IMA970A and CV8102. Only patients with no disease relapse after standard of care treatments were vaccinated. Primary endpoints of HepaVac-101 clinical trial were safety, tolerability and antigen-specific T-cell responses. Secondary or exploratory endpoints included additional immunological parameters and survival endpoints. RESULTS The vaccination showed a good safety profile. Transient mild-to-moderate injection-site reactions were the most frequent IMA970A/CV8102-related side effects. Immune responses against {greater than or equal to}1 vaccinated HLA class I tumor-associated peptide (TAA) and {greater than or equal to}1 vaccinated HLA class II TAA were respectively induced in 37% and 53% of the vaccinees. CONCLUSION Immunotherapy may provide a great improvement in treatment options for HCC. HepaVac-101 is a first-in-man clinical vaccine trial with multiple novel HLA class I- and class II-restricted TAAs against HCC. The results are initial evidence for safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine. Further clinical evaluations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Gori
- IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Yuk Ting Ma
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra and CIBEREHD, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | | | - Alessandro Inno
- IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Jörg Ludwig
- Immatics Biotechnologies (Germany), Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Borrelli
- ISTITUTO NAZIONALE TUMORI IRCCS - Fondazione Pascale, napoli, napoli, Italy
| | - Danila Valmori
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Nantes-Saint Herblain, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roberta Penta
- AORN Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luigi Buonaguro
- ISTITUTO NAZIONALE TUMORI IRCCS - Fondazione Pascale, NAPLES, Italy
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4
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Wu M, Liu J, Wu S, Liu J, Wu H, Yu J, Meng X. Systemic Immune Activation and Responses of Irradiation to Different Metastatic Sites Combined With Immunotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 12:803247. [PMID: 34970277 PMCID: PMC8712862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.803247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Considering the limited data, we aimed to identify the greatest immune activation irradiated site of common metastases and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors simultaneously in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 136 patients with advanced NSCLC who had received radiation to a primary or metastatic solid tumor were enrolled. We recorded blood cell counts in three time periods, before, during, and after radiotherapy (RT), and derived some blood index ratios including monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). The delta-IBs were calculated as medio-IBs ÷ pre-IBs − 1. We analyzed the changes before and during RT using Spearman rank correlation test, Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test, and logistic regression analyzing their correlation with efficacy. Results The medians of delta-MLR and delta-PLR were both the lowest while the median of delta-L was the highest in brain. Therapeutic effect evaluation showed that the objective response rate (ORR) of 48.65% (18/37) in the brain irradiation group was the highest, compared with 17.07% (7/41) in bone and 41.94% (13/31) in lung. Conclusions In this study, results suggested that irradiation to brain has the best immune activation effect and patient outcome compared with other organs in NSCLC, and when the earlier-line ICIs were combined with RT, a better patient outcome was reached. Prospective studies are also necessary to provide more convincing evidence and standards for clinical irradiation metastases selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Jingru Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Pei M, Li H, Zhu Y, Lu J, Zhang C. In vitro evidence of oncofetal antigen and TLR-9 agonist co-delivery by alginate nanovaccine for liver cancer immunotherapy. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2865-2876. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm02021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the most common malignant tumor and liver cancer immunotherapy has been one of the research hotspots. To induce antigen-specific antitumor immune responses against liver cancer, we developed...
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6
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Novel Molecular Targets for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010140. [PMID: 35008303 PMCID: PMC8750630 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of death from cancer globally. Indeed, only a few treatments are available, most of which are effective only for the early stages of the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent needing for potential markers for a specifically targeted therapy. Candidate proteins were selected from datasets of The Human Protein Atlas, in order to identify specific tumor-associated proteins overexpressed in HCC samples associated with poor prognosis. Potential epitopes were predicted from such proteins, and homology with peptides derived from viral proteins was assessed. A multiparametric validation was performed, including recognition by PBMCs from HCC-patients and healthy donors, showing a T-cell cross-reactivity with paired epitopes. These results provide novel HCC-specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) for immunotherapeutic anti-HCC strategies potentially able to expand pre-existing virus-specific CD8+ T cells with superior anticancer efficacy.
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7
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Granzyme B PET Imaging Stratifies Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Imaging 2021; 2021:9305277. [PMID: 35936114 PMCID: PMC9328186 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9305277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a notoriously difficult cancer to treat. The recent development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionised HCC therapy; however, successful response is only observed in a small percentage of patients. Biomarkers typically used to predict treatment response in other tumour types are ineffective in HCC, which arises in an immune-suppressive environment. However, imaging markers that measure changes in tumour infiltrating immune cells may supply information that can be used to determine which patients are responding to therapy posttreatment. We have evaluated [18F]AlF-mNOTA-GZP, a radiolabeled peptide targeting granzyme B, to stratify response to ICIs in a HEPA 1-tumours, a syngeneic model of HCC. Posttherapy, in vivo tumour retention of [18F]AlF-mNOTA-GZP was correlated to changes in tumour volume and tumour-infiltrating immune cells. [18F]AlF-mNOTA-GZP successfully stratified response to immune checkpoint inhibition in the syngeneic HEPA 1-6 model. FACS indicated significant changes in the immune environment including a decrease in immune suppressive CD4+ T regulatory cells and increases in tumour-associated GZB+ NK+ cells, which correlated well with tumour radiopharmaceutical uptake. While the immune response to ICI therapies differs in HCC compared to many other cancers, [18F]AlF-mNOTA-GZP retention is able to stratify response to ICI therapy associated with tumour infiltrating GZB+ NK+ cells in this complex tumour microenvironment.
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8
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Yin Q, Dai L, Sun R, Ke P, Liu L, Jiang B. Clinical Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Patients with Liver Metastases: A Network Meta-Analysis of Nine Randomized Controlled Trials. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 54:803-816. [PMID: 34696564 PMCID: PMC9296924 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2021.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to compare the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with liver metastases. Materials and Methods English literature was retrieved from the PubMed, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) databases from January 2015 to January 2021. We pooled the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) hazard ratios (HRs) using a network meta-analysis and ranked treatments by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Publication bias was evaluated by Begg's and Egger's tests. STATA15.0 was used for the sensitivity analysis, and the remaining statistical analyses were performed using R 4.0.2. Results Nine eligible phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, including 1,141 patients with liver metastases. Pembrolizumab + chemotherapy ranked highest, followed by atezolizumab + bevacizumab + chemotherapy and nivolumab. However, no significant difference in OS rates was observed across these three treatments (HR, 0.98; 95% CI: 0.43-2.22 for pembrolizumab + chemotherapy vs. atezolizumab + bevacizumab + chemotherapy; HR, 0.91; 95% CI: 0.52-1.57 for pembrolizumab + chemotherapy vs. nivolumab). Regarding the PFS rate, atezolizumab + bevacizumab + chemotherapy and pembrolizumab + chemotherapy ranked highest and no significant difference was observed between them (HR, 0.79; 95% CI: 0.36-1.70 for atezolizumab + bevacizumab + chemotherapy vs. pembrolizumab + chemotherapy). Conclusion Pembrolizumab + chemotherapy, atezolizumab + bevacizumab + chemotherapy, and nivolumab were superior to other treatments in NSCLC patients with liver metastases. These new findings may help clinicians better select therapeutic strategies for NSCLC patients with liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yin
- Cadre Medical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Longguo Dai
- Cadre Medical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruizhu Sun
- Cadre Medical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Ping Ke
- Cadre Medical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Cadre Medical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Cadre Medical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
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9
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Ackermann CJ, Adderley H, Ortega-Franco A, Khan A, Reck M, Califano R. First-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibition for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: State of the Art and Future Directions. Drugs 2021; 80:1783-1797. [PMID: 32986224 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-020-01409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The advent of PD-(L)1 and CTLA-4 immune check point inhibitors (CPIs) has dramatically changed the treatment landscape of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For up to a quarter of patients with advanced NSCLC, CPIs have the potential to induce durable responses with long-term survival outcomes. Since the approval of first-line pembrolizumab for patients whose tumors express a PD-L1 ≥ 50%, several pivotal first-line CPI-based phase 3 studies have been conducted investigating combination treatments combining CPIs with chemotherapy (ChT) or combining different CPIs with or without ChT. As a result, there has been an increase in front-line treatment options for advanced NSCLC, and treatment algorithms are changing very quickly. In fit patients with advanced NSCLC, combination treatments including CPI and ChT are considered the new standard of care with improved clinical outcomes. CPI combination treatments are well tolerated and quality of life also seems to be better when CPIs are implemented in the first-line setting. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the recently published first-line phase 3 studies investigating CPIs as monotherapy or in combination with other CPIs or ChT in advanced NSCLC, and to suggest possible treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Adderley
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Ana Ortega-Franco
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Adeel Khan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Raffaele Califano
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK. .,Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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10
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Jiang W, Li T, Guo J, Wang J, Jia L, Shi X, Yang T, Jiao R, Wei X, Feng Z, Tang Q, Ji G. Bispecific c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T Cells Have Enhanced Therapeutic Effects on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:546586. [PMID: 33777728 PMCID: PMC7987916 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.546586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors, especially CD19 CAR-T cells have exhibited effective antitumor activities in B cell malignancies, but due to several factors such as antigen escape effects and tumor microenvironment, their curative potential in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been encouraging. To reduce the antigen escape risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, this study was to design and construct a bispecific CAR targeting c-Met and PD-L1. c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T cells were obtained by lentiviral transfection, and the transfection efficiency was monitored by flow cytometry analysis. LDH release assays were used to elucidate the efficacy of c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T cells on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In addition, xenograft models bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma were constructed to detect the antitumor effect of c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T cells in vivo. The results shown that this bispecific CAR was manufactured successfully, T cells modified with this bispecific CAR demonstrated improved antitumor activities against c-Met and PD-L1 positive hepatocellular carcinoma cells when compared with those of monovalent c-Met CAR-T cells or PD-L1 CAR-T cells but shown no distinct cytotoxicity on hepatocytes in vitro. In vivo experiments shown that c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T cells significantly inhibited tumor growth and improve survival persistence compared with other groups. These results suggested that the design of single-chain, bi-specific c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T is more effective than that of monovalent c-Met CAR-T for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma., and this bi-specific c-Met/PD-L1 CAR is rational and implementable with current T-cell engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhou Jia
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruonan Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guozhong Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Yang L, Hao X, Hu X, Wang Z, Yang K, Mi Y, Yang Y, Xu H, Yang G, Wang Y. Superior efficacy of immunotherapy-based combinations over monotherapy for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:3501-3509. [PMID: 33075201 PMCID: PMC7705617 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While prospective clinical studies on immunotherapy in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are ongoing, this study aimed to investigate the outcomes of immunotherapy combinations in such a population in a real‐world setting. Methods The clinical data of pretreated EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients who acquired EGFR‐TKI resistance and received immunotherapy were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was assessed using the Kaplan‐Meier log‐rank test, and univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Results A total of 31 patients were analyzed in this study. A total of 25 (80.6%) patients received combination immunotherapy. In the univariate analysis, patients who received combination immunotherapy seemingly acquired longer PFS than those who received monotherapy, although there was no significant difference (3.42 months vs. 1.61; P = 0.078; hazard ratio (HR) 0.43, 95% CI: 0.16–1.13). Patients who received antiangiogenic drugs prior to immunotherapy acquired better PFS (3.42 months vs. 1.58; P = 0.027; HR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15–0.93), while patients with liver metastasis had inferior PFS (2.04 months vs. 3.42; P = 0.031; HR 2.83, 95% CI: 1.05–7.60). Furthermore, multivariate analysis confirmed that the above three factors had independent prognostic value. Conclusions The study revealed that immunotherapy combinations are better choices than single‐agent regimens in previously treated and EGFR‐mutant NSCLC patients with progressive disease. In addition, antiangiogenic drugs administered before immunotherapy might be a favorable prognostic factor, while liver metastasis was associated with a short PFS in this setting. In future, more robust and prospective clinical trial results are expected to guide clinical practice. Key points
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xingsheng Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Huanxing Chaoyang District Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Mi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chaoyang Sanhuan Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaning Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Comprehensive Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjian Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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Buonaguro L, Tagliamonte M. Selecting Target Antigens for Cancer Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040615. [PMID: 33080888 PMCID: PMC7711972 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the principal goals of cancer immunotherapy is the development of efficient therapeutic cancer vaccines that are able to elicit an effector as well as memory T cell response specific to tumor antigens. In recent years, the attention has been focused on the personalization of cancer vaccines. However, the efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines is still disappointing despite the large number of vaccine strategies targeting different tumors that have been evaluated in recent years. While the preclinical data have frequently shown encouraging results, clinical trials have not provided satisfactory data to date. The main reason for such failures is the complexity of identifying specific target tumor antigens that should be unique or overexpressed only by the tumor cells compared to normal cells. Most of the tumor antigens included in cancer vaccines are non-mutated overexpressed self-antigens, eliciting mainly T cells with low-affinity T cell receptors (TCR) unable to mediate an effective anti-tumor response. In this review, the target tumor antigens employed in recent years in the development of therapeutic cancer vaccine strategies are described, along with potential new classes of tumor antigens such as the human endogenous retroviral elements (HERVs), unconventional antigens, and/or heteroclitic peptides.
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13
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Chen C, An L, Cheng Y, Luo X, Li Z, Liu X. Clinical Outcomes and Prognosis Factors of Nivolumab Plus Chemotherapy or Multitarget Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Multi-Line Therapy for Recurrent Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1404. [PMID: 32983970 PMCID: PMC7479184 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigates the potential predictors of nivolumab plus chemotherapy or multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment response in patients with recurrent hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Patients with recurrent hepatitis B virus-related HCC who underwent nivolumab plus chemotherapy or TKI treatment between July 2017 and June 2019 at Jinling Hospital in China were retrospectively evaluated and included in this study. These patients also had both complete medical charts and follow-up data available. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated from the date of nivolumab initiation. Survival data were compared using log-rank tests, and the associations of patient characteristics with survival were estimated using Cox regression models. Results: A total of 22 HCC patients were included in this cohort and constituted the basis for this analysis. Twenty progressed cases (91%) and 16 deaths (73%) were identified at a median follow-up of 8.8 months (range 1–25). The median OS from the time of nivolumab initiation was 10.7 months (95% CI, 0.8–20.6 months), with a median PFS of 5.1 months (95% CI, 3.1–7.0 months). The patients were divided into two risk groups according to a nomogram built by age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status, hepatectomy status, and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) use. The median PFS was 8.2 ± 2.8 months in the low-risk group compared with 1.9 ± 0.4 months in the high-risk group (p = 0.0018). The median OS was estimated as 16.8 ± 4.9 months for low-risk patients vs. 8.6 ± 3.5 months for high-risk patients (p = 0.13). Conclusion: Nivolumab combined with chemotherapy or TKI treatment is effective in patients with recurrent hepatitis B virus-related HCC. It is observed that previous TACE treatment is associated with a better PFS, and worse PFS in those patients who received hepatectomy. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the effects of nivolumab combined chemotherapy or TKI on recurrent hepatitis B virus-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology of PLA Cancer Center, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Gerontology, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology of PLA Cancer Center, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianwen Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology of PLA Cancer Center, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixiong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology of PLA Cancer Center, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology of PLA Cancer Center, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
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14
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Passaro A, Attili I, Morganti S, Del Signore E, Gianoncelli L, Spitaleri G, Stati V, Catania C, Curigliano G, de Marinis F. Clinical features affecting survival in metastatic NSCLC treated with immunotherapy: A critical review of published data. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 89:102085. [PMID: 32771858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent one of the main steps forward for the treatment of advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), without oncogenic driver alterations. Despite this recent progress, only a minority of patients achieve a broad and durable benefit and another proportion report poor survival and sometimes fast disease progression, confirming the need to optimise the patient's selection. To date, several issues are unsolved about how to personalise the immunotherapy treatment for individual patients. In this review, analysing data from pivotal randomised clinical trials (RCTs), we discuss patient baseline clinical and demographic features, including sex, age, ECOG performance status, smoking habit and specific site of metastases (liver, bone and brain) that may influence the efficacy outcomes in patients treated with ICIs. The high performance of the ICIs blurred the vision on different efficacy-limiting factors, which require extensive evaluation to improve the understanding ofthe tumour-specificimmune response, in which clinical drivers could be useful for better patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Passaro
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Attili
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Morganti
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ester Del Signore
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Gianoncelli
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Spitaleri
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Stati
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Catania
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Marinis
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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15
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Modulation of STAT3 Signaling, Cell Redox Defenses and Cell Cycle Checkpoints by β-Caryophyllene in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells: Possible Mechanisms Accounting for Doxorubicin Chemosensitization and Chemoprevention. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040858. [PMID: 32252311 PMCID: PMC7226839 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive group of biliary tract cancers, characterized by late diagnosis, low effective chemotherapies, multidrug resistance, and poor outcomes. In the attempt to identify new therapeutic strategies for CCA, we studied the antiproliferative activity of a combination between doxorubicin and the natural sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene in cholangiocarcinoma Mz-ChA-1 cells and nonmalignant H69 cholangiocytes, under both long-term and metronomic schedules. The modulation of STAT3 signaling, oxidative stress, DNA damage response, cell cycle progression and apoptosis was investigated as possible mechanisms of action. β-caryophyllene was able to synergize the cytotoxicity of low dose doxorubicin in Mz-ChA-1 cells, while producing cytoprotective effects in H69 cholangiocytes, mainly after a long-term exposure of 24 h. The mechanistic analysis highlighted that the sesquiterpene induced a cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase along with the doxorubicin-induced accumulation in S phase, reduced the γH2AX and GSH levels without affecting GSSG. ROS amount was partly lowered by the combination in Mz-ChA-1 cells, while increased in H69 cells. A lowered expression of doxorubicin-induced STAT3 activation was found in the presence of β-caryophyllene in both cancer and normal cholangiocytes. These networking effects resulted in an increased apoptosis rate in Mz-ChA-1 cells, despite a lowering in H69 cholangiocytes. This evidence highlighted a possible role of STAT3 as a final effector of a complex network regulated by β-caryophyllene, which leads to an enhanced doxorubicin-sensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma cells and a lowered chemotherapy toxicity in nonmalignant cholangiocytes, thus strengthening the interest for this natural sesquiterpene as a dual-acting chemosensitizing and chemopreventive agent.
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16
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Corrao G, Marvaso G, Ferrara R, Lo Russo G, Gugliandolo SG, Piperno G, Spaggiari L, De Marinis F, Orecchia R, Garassino MC, Jereczek-Fossa BA. Stereotatic radiotherapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: Combining immunotherapy and radiotherapy with a focus on liver metastases. Lung Cancer 2020; 142:70-79. [PMID: 32120227 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Presence of liver metastases correlates with worse survival and response to any treatments. This may be due to the microenvironment of liver which leads tumor to escape from Immune System. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy may help to sensitize Immune System and to improve the immunotherapy effect. Interest is being directed toward combining Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors with radiotherapy to improve response to immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms by which radiation induces anti-tumor T-cells remain unclear. Preclinical studies founded radiotherapy enhances antitumor immune responses, increasing tumor antigen release, and inducing T-cell infiltration. Radiotherapy is under investigation for its ability to enhance responses to immunotherapy. Nevertheless, how to optimally deliver combination therapy regarding dose-fractionation and timing of radiotherapy is unknown. The aim of this review is to explore the role of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, focusing on patients with liver metastases, and the possible immunological implications combining immunotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corrao
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lo Russo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Giovanni Gugliandolo
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Piperno
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spaggiari
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy; Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo De Marinis
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Orecchia
- Scientific Direction, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Chiara Garassino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
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17
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Chen W, Tang D, Ou M, Dai Y. Mining Prognostic Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Immune-Associated Genes. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:499-512. [PMID: 32069130 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the immune-associated gene signature from databases to improve the prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by multidimensional methods using various bioinformatic methods. Fifty-one immune-associated genes were mined out, which were associated with clinical characters through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and 51 immune-associated genes could be well-divided HCC samples into high-risk and low-risk clusters. Next, we performed least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression method to reveal 18 immune-associated genes' signature and calculate risk score of each gene for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Comparing with low-risk cluster, high-risk cluster had higher risk score with unfavorable prognosis. Then, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that risk score of 18 immune-associated genes' signature was associated with tumor invasion and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. ROC analysis indicated combined TNM stage, and risk score performed more sensitive and specific than single TNM stage or risk score in survival prediction. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that the pathways enriched in tumorigenesis were related to risk score, and those pathways could separate HCC samples into high and low clusters. In addition, the survival prediction of 18 immune-associated genes' signature was well validated in independent test data set, external data set, and Real-time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) experiment. The 18 immune-associated genes' signature was constructed, which could be used in effective prediction of HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minglin Ou
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Di Sotto A, Irannejad H, Eufemi M, Mancinelli R, Abete L, Mammola CL, Altieri F, Mazzanti G, Di Giacomo S. Potentiation of Low-Dose Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity by Affecting P-Glycoprotein through Caryophyllane Sesquiterpenes in HepG2 Cells: an in Vitro and in Silico Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E633. [PMID: 31963614 PMCID: PMC7014471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin represents a valuable choice for different cancers, although the severe side effects occurring at the high effective dose limits its clinical use. In the present study, potential strategies to potentiate low-dose doxorubicin efficacy, including a metronomic schedule, characterized by a short and repeated exposure to the anticancer drug, and the combination with the natural chemosensitizing sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide, were assessed in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The involvement of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the HepG2-chemosensitization to doxorubicin was evaluated. Also, the direct interaction of caryophyllene sesquiterpenes with P-gp was characterized by molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies. A metronomic schedule allowed us to enhance the low-dose doxorubicin cytotoxicity and the combination with caryophyllane sesquiterpenes further potentiated this effect. Also, an increased intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin and rhodamine 123 induced by caryophyllane sesquiterpenes was found, thus suggesting their interference with P-gp function. A lowered expression of P-gp induced by the combinations, with respect to doxorubicin alone, was observed too. Docking studies found that the binding site of caryophyllane sesquiterpene was next to the ATP binding domain of P-gp and that β-caryophyllene possessed the stronger binding affinity and higher inhibition potential calculated by MM-PBSA. Present findings strengthen our hypothesis about the potential chemosensitizing power of caryophyllane sesquiterpenes and suggest that combining a chemosensitizer and a metronomic schedule can represent a suitable strategy to overcome drawbacks of doxorubicin chemotherapy while exploiting its powerful activity.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Computer Simulation
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes/chemistry
- Sesquiterpenes/chemistry
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (G.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 48175-866 Sari, Iran;
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Lorena Abete
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (G.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Caterina Loredana Mammola
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (G.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (G.M.); (S.D.G.)
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19
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Xu Y, Wang H, Gao W. MiRNA-610 acts as a tumour suppressor to depress the cisplatin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma through targeted silencing of hepatoma-derived growth factor. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1394-1401. [PMID: 33224339 PMCID: PMC7667417 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.87938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatic malignancy is one of the most common malignant neoplasms around the globe, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type. In this study, the roles and mechanisms of MiRNA-610 in the chemo resistance of HCC will be discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of MiRNA-610 and hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in HCC tissues and cell line was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The proliferation and chemo resistance were analysed by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to examine the apoptosis rate. Luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the correlation between MiRNA-610 and HDGF. HDGF protein expression was detected by Western blot. RESULTS Our study confirmed the low-expression of MiRNA-610 in HCC tissues and cell line. Its low expression was related to high T stages and poor differentiation of HCC, and was a prognostic factor for HCC. MiRNA-610 upregulation inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells. MiRNA-610 enhancement decreased the half maximal inhibitory concentration for cisplatin (DDP) and depressed the DDP resistance in HepG2 cells. The specific correlation between MiRNA-610 and HDGF was tested by luciferase reporter assay and western blot. The transfection with HDGF expression vector up-regulated the expression of HDGF protein silenced by MiRNA-610 enhancement. HDGF overexpression was found to reverse partly the regulatory roles of MiRNA-610 on malignancy and DDP resistance. CONCLUSIONS MiRNA-610 not only played a tumour suppressor role in HCC but also affected chemo resistance to DDP. This role is mainly mediated through targeted silencing of the HDGF gene, which may offer a new potential therapeutic target and improve the clinical therapeutic effect for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Xu
- Department of The Twelfth General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Helin Wang
- Department of The Twelfth General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weike Gao
- Department of The Twelfth General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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20
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Prelaj A, Ferrara R, Rebuzzi SE, Proto C, Signorelli D, Galli G, De Toma A, Randon G, Pagani F, Viscardi G, Brambilla M, Trevisan B, Ganzinelli M, Martinetti A, Gallucci R, Di Mauro RM, Molino G, Zilembo N, Torri V, de Braud FM, Garassino MC, Lo Russo G. EPSILoN: A Prognostic Score for Immunotherapy in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Validation Cohort. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1954. [PMID: 31817541 PMCID: PMC6966664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beyond programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), no other biomarkers for immunotherapy are used in daily practice. We previously created EPSILoN (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), smoking, liver metastases, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)) score, a clinical/biochemical prognostic score, in 154 patients treated with second/further-line immunotherapy. This study's aim was to validate EPSILoN score in a different population group. METHODS 193 patients were included at National Cancer Institute of Milan (second-line immunotherapy, 61%; further-line immunotherapy, 39%). Clinical/laboratory parameters such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lactate dehydrogenase levels were collected. Kaplan-Meier and Cox hazard methods were used for survival analysis. RESULTS Overall median progression-free survival and median overall survival were 2.3 and 7.6 months, respectively. Multivariate analyses for Progression-Free Survival (PFS) identified heavy smokers (hazard ratio (HR) 0.71, p = 0.036) and baseline LDH < 400 mg/dL (HR 0.66, p = 0.026) as independent positive factors and liver metastases (HR 1.48, p = 0.04) and NLR ≥ 4 (HR 1.49, p = 0.029) as negative prognostic factors. These five factors were included in the EPSILoN score which was able to stratify patients in three different prognostic groups, high, intermediate and low, with PFS of 6.0, 3.8 and 1.9 months, respectively (HR 1.94, p < 0.001); high, intermediate and low prognostic groups had overall survival (OS) of 24.5, 8.9 and 3.4 months, respectively (HR 2.40, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS EPSILoN, combining five baseline clinical/blood parameters (ECOG PS, smoking, liver metastases, LDH, NLR), may help to identify advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients who most likely benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsela Prelaj
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Sara Elena Rebuzzi
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Claudia Proto
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Diego Signorelli
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Giulia Galli
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Alessandro De Toma
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Giovanni Randon
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Filippo Pagani
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Viscardi
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Marta Brambilla
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Benedetta Trevisan
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Monica Ganzinelli
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Antonia Martinetti
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Rosaria Gallucci
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Rosa Maria Di Mauro
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Giuliano Molino
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Nicoletta Zilembo
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Valter Torri
- Pharmacological Research Institute IRCSS Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Filippo Maria de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Marina Chiara Garassino
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Lo Russo
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (C.P.); (D.S.); (G.G.); (A.D.T.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (G.V.); (M.B.); (B.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.G.); (R.M.D.M.); (G.M.); (N.Z.); (F.M.d.B.); (M.C.G.); (G.L.R.)
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Fantuzzi L, Tagliamonte M, Gauzzi MC, Lopalco L. Dual CCR5/CCR2 targeting: opportunities for the cure of complex disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4869-4886. [PMID: 31377844 PMCID: PMC6892368 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine system mediates acute inflammation by driving leukocyte migration to damaged or infected tissues. However, elevated expression of chemokines and their receptors can contribute to chronic inflammation and malignancy. Thus, great effort has been taken to target these molecules. The first hint of the druggability of the chemokine system was derived from the role of chemokine receptors in HIV infection. CCR5 and CXCR4 function as essential co-receptors for HIV entry, with the former accounting for most new HIV infections worldwide. Not by chance, an anti-CCR5 compound, maraviroc, was the first FDA-approved chemokine receptor-targeting drug. CCR5, by directing leukocytes to sites of inflammation and regulating their activation, also represents an important player in the inflammatory response. This function is shared with CCR2 and its selective ligand CCL2, which constitute the primary chemokine axis driving the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages to inflammatory sites. Both receptors are indeed involved in the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated diseases, and dual CCR5/CCR2 targeting is emerging as a more efficacious strategy than targeting either receptor alone in the treatment of complex human disorders. In this review, we focus on the distinctive and complementary contributions of CCR5 and CCR2/CCL2 in HIV infection, multiple sclerosis, liver fibrosis and associated hepatocellular carcinoma. The emerging therapeutic approaches based on the inhibition of these chemokine axes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fantuzzi
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Cancer Immunoregulation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-"Fond G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Lopalco
- Immunobiology of HIV Unit, Division Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Zhou ZF, Peng F, Li JY, Ye YB. Intratumoral IL-12 Gene Therapy Inhibits Tumor Growth In A HCC-Hu-PBL-NOD/SCID Murine Model. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7773-7784. [PMID: 31571927 PMCID: PMC6760038 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intratumoral IL-12 gene therapy in an HCC-hu-PBL-NOD/SCID mouse model. Materials and methods The HCC murine model was generated in NOD/SCID mice, and mice with grafted tumors were injected intraperitoneally with 2 × 107 human peripheral blood lymphocytes 14 days after modeling. After 4 days, mice were randomly divided into the 9597/IL-12 group, the 9597/plasmid group and the PBS group. The changes of tumor volume were measured and mouse peripheral blood was sampled post-treatment for ELISA and CBA analyses, and the grafted tumors were collected 28 days post-treatment for immunohistochemistry, ELISA, CBA and detection of cell cycle and apoptosis. Results The tumor volume was smaller in the 9597/IL-12 group than in the 9597/plasmid and PBS groups on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-treatment (P < 0.05). Higher IL-12 levels were detected in the peripheral blood and the supernatants of grafted tumor homogenates in the 9597/IL-12 group than in the 9597/plasmid and PBS groups 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-treatment (P < 0.05). IHC revealed higher counts of CD3+T cells, CD4+T helper cells, IFN-γ Th1 cells+ and S-100 protein positive dentric cells and lower MVD in the 9597/IL-12 group than in the 9597/plasmid and PBS groups (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed a significantly higher proportion of HCC cells at the G0/G1 phase and a significantly lower proportion of HCC cells at the S phase in the 9597/IL-12 group than in the PBS group (P < 0.05) and a greater apoptotic rate of HCC cells in the 9597/IL-12 group than in the 9597/plasmid and PBS groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Intratumoral IL-12 gene therapy may inhibit tumorigenesis with mild adverse effects in a HCC-hu-PBL-NOD/SCID murine model through inhibiting angiogenesis, arresting cells in G0/G1 phase and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Zhou
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Peng
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Yu Li
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Bin Ye
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, People's Republic of China
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Ackermann CJ, Reck M, Paz-Ares L, Barlesi F, Califano R. First-line immune checkpoint blockade for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: Travelling at the speed of light. Lung Cancer 2019; 134:245-253. [PMID: 31319988 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) has revolutionised the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The potential of immunotherapy (IO) to induce durable responses for a subset of patients represents a therapeutic milestone. After the approval of front-line single agent pembrolizumab, IO-based combinations are rapidly entering clinical practice resulting in a fast change of treatment algorithms for advanced NSCLC. We hereby summarize the recent first-line phase 3 trials evaluating PD-(L)1 blockade plus chemotherapy (ChT) and PD-1 plus CTLA-4 CPI for advanced NSCLC and provide potential treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hopital Universitario 12 de Octubre, CNIO & Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, CNRS, CRCM, APHM, Department of Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations, France
| | - Raffaele Califano
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Oncology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Bonanno L, Zulato E, Pavan A, Attili I, Pasello G, Conte P, Indraccolo S. LKB1 and Tumor Metabolism: The Interplay of Immune and Angiogenic Microenvironment in Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081874. [PMID: 30995715 PMCID: PMC6514929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a tumor suppressor gene whose inactivation is frequent in different tumor types, especially in lung adenocarcinoma (about 30% of cases). LKB1 has an essential role in the control of cellular redox homeostasis by regulating ROS production and detoxification. Loss of LKB1 makes the tumor cell more sensitive to oxidative stress and consequently to stress-inducing treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. LKB1 loss triggers complex changes in tumor microenvironment, supporting a role in the regulation of angiogenesis and suggesting a potential role in the response to anti-angiogenic treatment. On the other hand, LKB1 deficiency can promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment and may be involved in primary resistance to anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1, as it has been reported in lung cancer. The aim of this review is to discuss interactions of LKB1 with the tumor microenvironment and the potential applications of this knowledge in predicting response to treatment in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bonanno
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV- IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Zulato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV- IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alberto Pavan
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV- IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Attili
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV- IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giulia Pasello
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV- IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - PierFranco Conte
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV- IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefano Indraccolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV- IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy.
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Tang L, Liu JX, Zhang ZJ, Xu CZ, Zhang XN, Huang WR, Zhou DH, Wang RR, Chen XD, Xiao MB, Qu LS, Lu CH. High expression of Anxa2 and Stat3 promote progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and predict poor prognosis. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152386. [PMID: 30935762 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate whether the interaction between Anxa2 and Stat3 could promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and that high co-expression of Anxa2 and Stat3 could predict poor prognosis in HCC patients. METHODS We investigated Anxa2 and Stat3 expression using Western blot analysis in 4 HCC and adjacent nontumor tissues and using immunohistochemistry in 100 patients' paraffin sections. Then we assessed the expression of Stat3, Anxa2 and co-expression of Stat3 and Anxa2 with relevant clinical pathological parameters and their prognostic value in HCC patients. The recurrence and overall survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. The prognostic analysis was carried out with univariate and multivariate Cox regressions models. RESULTS The incidence of high Stat3 expression in HCC tissues (35%) was significantly higher than that in non-HCC tissues (8%) (P < 0.001). The same result was observed in Anxa2 (P < 0.001). Also, the overexpression of Stat3 or Anxa2 showed a significant relationship with the recurrence of the 100 HCC patients (P = 0.012; P = 0.003). Additionally, tumor size >3 cm in diameter, multiple tumor number, and the presence of microvascular tumor thrombus were also significantly associated with recurrence in 100 patients. Then, all enrolled patients were divided into four groups according to IHC score of Stat3 and Anxa2, and the results indicated a significant difference in recurrence time between the subgroups (P < 0.001). What's more, co-highexpression of Stat3 and Anxa2 was related to the presence of microvascular tumor thrombus (P = 0.003) and poor tumor differentiation (P < 0.001), but not relevant with other clinical features (All P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of Stat3, Anxa2, or co-high-expression of the two proteins was associated with HCC recurrence and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Jin-Xia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Zi-Juan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Chen-Zhou Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Xue-Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Wei-Rong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Dan-Hua Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Rong-Rong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Xu-Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Ming-Bing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Li-Shuai Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China.
| | - Cui-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China.
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Xu F, Li CH, Wong CH, Chen GG, Lai PBS, Shao S, Chan SL, Chen Y. Genome-Wide Screening and Functional Analysis Identifies Tumor Suppressor Long Noncoding RNAs Epigenetically Silenced in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1305-1317. [PMID: 30718359 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play critical roles in the development of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms underlying their deregulation remain largely unexplored. In this study, we report that two lncRNAs frequently downregulated in HCC function as tumor suppressors and are epigenetically silenced by histone methyltransferase EZH2. lncRNAs TCAM1P-004 and RP11-598D14.1 were inhibited by EZH-mediated trimethylation of H3K27me3 at their promoters. Downregulation of TCAM1P-004 and RP11-598D14.1 was frequently observed in HCC tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues. Both lncRNAs inhibited cell growth, cell survival, and transformation in HCC cells in vitro as well as tumor formation in vivo. Using RNA pull-down and mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that TCAM1P-004 bound IGF2BP1 and HIST1H1C, whereas RP11-598D14.1 bound IGF2BP1 and STAU1. These lncRNA-protein interactions were critical in regulating p53, MAPK, and HIF1α pathways that promoted cell proliferation in HCC. Overexpression of EZH2 was critical in repressing TCAM1P-004 and RP11-598D14.1, and EZH2-TCAM1P-004/RP11-598D14.1-regulated pathways were prevalent in human HCC. Aberrant suppression of TCAM1P-004 and RP11-598D14.1 led to loss of their tumor-suppressive effects by disrupting the interaction with IGF2BP1, HIST1H1C, and STAU1, which in turn promoted HCC development and progression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the role of TCAMP1P-004 and RP11-598D14.1 in suppressing tumor growth and suggest that EZH2 may serve as a therapeutic target in HCC. SIGNIFICANCE: EZH2-mediated loss of lncRNAs TCAM1P-004 and RP11-598D14.1 hinders the formation of tumor suppressor lncRNA-protein complexes and subsequently promotes HCC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Han Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Hin Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - George G Chen
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Paul Bo San Lai
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Shengwen Shao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Stephen L Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology of South China and Institute of Digestive Disease, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yangchao Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Liu X, Qin S. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Opportunities and Challenges. Oncologist 2019; 24:S3-S10. [PMID: 30819826 PMCID: PMC6394775 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-io-s1-s01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignancy worldwide, and is especially common in China. A total of 70%-80% of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and can receive only palliative care. Sorafenib has been the standard of care for a decade, and promising results for regorafenib as a second-line and lenvatinib as a first-line treatment were reported only 1 or 2 years ago. FOLFOX4 was recently recommended as a clinical practice guideline by the China Food and Drug Administration. All approved systemic therapies remain unsatisfactory, with limited objective response rates and poor overall survival. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) offer great promise in the treatment of a rapidly expanding spectrum of solid tumors. Immune checkpoint molecules are involved in almost the whole process of viral-related hepatitis with cirrhosis and HCC and in the most important resistance mechanism of sorafenib. The approval of nivolumab by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on September 23, 2017, for the treatment of patients with HCC, based only on a phase I/II clinical trial, is a strong hint that immunotherapy will introduce a new era of HCC therapy. CPI-based strategies will soon be a main approach in anticancer treatment for HCC, and we will observe the rapid advances in the therapeutic use of CPIs, even in an adjuvant setting, with great interest. How shall we face the opportunities and challenges? Can we dramatically improve the prognosis of patients with HCC? This review may provide some informed guidance. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Immune checkpoint molecules are involved in almost the whole process of viral-related hepatitis with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in the most important resistance mechanism of sorafenib. As all approved systemic therapies in HCC remain unsatisfactory, checkpoint inhibitor (CPI)-based strategies will soon be a main approach in anticancer treatment for advanced stage of HCC, even in an adjuvant setting. In virus-related HCC, especially hepatitis B virus-related HCC, whether CPIs can control virus relapse should be further investigated. Combination strategies involving conventional therapies and immunotherapies are needed to increase clinical benefit and minimize adverse toxicities with regard to the underlying liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Liu
- People's Liberation Army Cancer Center, Bayi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shukui Qin
- People's Liberation Army Cancer Center, Bayi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Petrizzo A, Tagliamonte M, Mauriello A, Costa V, Aprile M, Esposito R, Caporale A, Luciano A, Arra C, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM, Buonaguro L. Unique true predicted neoantigens (TPNAs) correlates with anti-tumor immune control in HCC patients. J Transl Med 2018; 16:286. [PMID: 30340600 PMCID: PMC6194606 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A novel prediction algorithm is needed for the identification of effective tumor associated mutated neoantigens. Only those with no homology to self wild type antigens are true predicted neoantigens (TPNAs) and can elicit an antitumor T cell response, not attenuated by central tolerance. To this aim, the mutational landscape was evaluated in HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Liver tumor biopsies and adjacent non-tumor liver tissues were obtained from 9 HCV-chronically infected subjects and subjected to RNA-Seq analysis. Mutant peptides were derived from single nucleotide variations and TPNAs were predicted using two prediction servers (e.g. NetTepi and NetMHCstabpan) by comparison with corresponding wild-type sequences, non-related self and pathogen-related antigens. Immunological confirmation was obtained in preclinical as well as clinical setting. Results The development of such an improved algorithm resulted in a handful of TPNAs despite the large number of predicted neoantigens. Furthermore, TPNAs may share homology to pathogen’s antigens and be targeted by a pre-existing T cell immunity. Cross-reactivity between such antigens was confirmed in an experimental pre-clinical setting. Finally, TPNAs homologous to pathogen’s antigens were found in the only HCC long-term survival patient, suggesting a correlation between the pre-existing T cell immunity specific for these TPNAs and the favourable clinical outcome. Conclusions The new algorithm allowed the identification of the very few TPNAs in cancer cells, and those targeted by a pre-existing immunity strongly correlated with long-term survival. Only such TPNAs represent the optimal candidates for immunotherapy strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1662-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annacarmen Petrizzo
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"-IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 1, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"-IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 1, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Mauriello
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"-IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 1, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" (IGB), National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Aprile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" (IGB), National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Esposito
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" (IGB), National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Caporale
- Institute of Biostructures and Biomaging (IBB), National Research Council, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Luciano
- Animal Facility, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- Animal Facility, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Franco M Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale"-IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 1, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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29
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Zhao Y, Shuen TWH, Toh TB, Chan XY, Liu M, Tan SY, Fan Y, Yang H, Lyer SG, Bonney GK, Loh E, Chang KTE, Tan TC, Zhai W, Chan JKY, Chow EKH, Chee CE, Lee GH, Dan YY, Chow PKH, Toh HC, Lim SG, Chen Q. Development of a new patient-derived xenograft humanised mouse model to study human-specific tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy. Gut 2018; 67:1845-1854. [PMID: 29602780 PMCID: PMC6145285 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As the current therapeutic strategies for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been proven to have limited effectiveness, immunotherapy becomes a compelling way to tackle the disease. We aim to provide humanised mouse (humice) models for the understanding of the interaction between human cancer and immune system, particularly for human-specific drug testing. DESIGN Patient-derived xenograft tumours are established with type I human leucocyte antigen matched human immune system in NOD-scid Il2rg-/- (NSG) mice. The longitudinal changes of the tumour and immune responses as well as the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors are investigated. RESULTS Similar to the clinical outcomes, the human immune system in our model is educated by the tumour and exhibits exhaustion phenotypes such as a significant declination of leucocyte numbers, upregulation of exhaustion markers and decreased the production of human proinflammatory cytokines. Notably, cytotoxic immune cells decreased more rapidly compared with other cell types. Tumour infiltrated T cells have much higher expression of exhaustion markers and lower cytokine production compared with peripheral T cells. In addition, tumour-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are found to be highly enriched in the tumour microenvironment. Interestingly, the tumour also changes gene expression profiles in response to immune responses by upregulating immune checkpoint ligands. Most importantly, in contrast to the NSG model, our model demonstrates both therapeutic and side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and ipilimumab. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides a model for immune-oncology study and a useful parallel-to-human platform for anti-HCC drug testing, especially immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Tan Boon Toh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xue Ying Chan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sue Yee Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hechuan Yang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shridhar Ganpathi Lyer
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Glenn Kunnath Bonney
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Eva Loh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Tou En Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Thiam Chye Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Ean Chee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - Guan Huei Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pierce Kah-Hoe Chow
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seng Gee Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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30
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Rolvering C, Zimmer AD, Ginolhac A, Margue C, Kirchmeyer M, Servais F, Hermanns HM, Hergovits S, Nazarov PV, Nicot N, Kreis S, Haan S, Behrmann I, Haan C. The PD-L1- and IL6-mediated dampening of the IL27/STAT1 anticancer responses are prevented by α-PD-L1 or α-IL6 antibodies. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:969-985. [PMID: 30040142 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma1217-495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL27) is a type-I cytokine of the IL6/IL12 family and is predominantly secreted by activated macrophages and dendritic cells. We show that IL27 induces STAT factor phosphorylation in cancerous cell lines of different tissue origin. IL27 leads to STAT1 phosphorylation and recapitulates an IFN-γ-like response in the microarray analyses, with up-regulation of genes involved in antiviral defense, antigen presentation, and immune suppression. Like IFN-γ, IL27 leads to an up-regulation of TAP2 and MHC-I proteins, which mediate increased tumor immune clearance. However, both cytokines also upregulate proteins such as PD-L1 (CD274) and IDO-1, which are associated with immune escape of cancer. Interestingly, differential expression of these genes was observed within the different cell lines and when comparing IL27 to IFN-γ. In coculture experiments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, pre-treatment of the HCC cells with IL27 resulted in lowered IL2 production by anti-CD3/-CD28 activated T-lymphocytes. Addition of anti-PD-L1 antibody, however, restored IL2 secretion. The levels of other TH 1 cytokines were also enhanced or restored upon administration of anti-PD-L1. In addition, we show that the suppression of IL27 signaling by IL6-type cytokine pre-stimulation-mimicking a situation occurring, for example, in IL6-secreting tumors or in tumor inflammation-induced cachexia-can be antagonized by antibodies against IL6-type cytokines or their receptors. Therapeutically, the antitumor effects of IL27 (mediated, e.g., by increased antigen presentation) might thus be increased by combining IL27 with blocking antibodies against PD-L1 or/and IL6-type cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rolvering
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas D Zimmer
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélien Ginolhac
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Bioinformatics Core Facility, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Christiane Margue
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Mélanie Kirchmeyer
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Florence Servais
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Heike M Hermanns
- University Hospital Würzburg, Medical Clinic II, Division of Hepatology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hergovits
- University Hospital Würzburg, Medical Clinic II, Division of Hepatology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Nicot
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Stephanie Kreis
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Haan
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Molecular Disease Mechanisms Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Iris Behrmann
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Claude Haan
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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31
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Tagliamonte M, Petrizzo A, Mauriello A, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM, Buonaguro L. Potentiating cancer vaccine efficacy in liver cancer. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1488564. [PMID: 30288355 PMCID: PMC6169594 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1488564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy with a poor prognosis and an overall 5-year survival rate of approximately 5-6%. This is due because standard of care treatment options are limited and none of them shows a sufficient efficacy. HCC is an "inflammation-induced cancer" and preliminary preclinical and clinical data suggest that immunotherapeutic approaches may be a good alternative candidate for the treatment of HCC patients improving the dismal prognosis associated with this cancer. However, recent findings strongly suggest that an optimal immunotherapy in HCC requires the combination of an immune activator with immune modulators, aiming at compensating the strong liver immune suppressive microenvironment. One of the most promising strategy could be represented by the combination of a cancer vaccine with immunomodulatory drugs, such as chemotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors. Very limited examples of such combinatorial strategies have been evaluated in HCC to date, because HCC easily develops resistance to standard chemotherapy, which is also poorly tolerated by patients with liver cirrhosis. The present review describes the most update knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Lab of Molecular Biology & Viral Oncology, Dept Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, “Fondazione Pascale” - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Franco M Buonaguro
- Lab of Molecular Biology & Viral Oncology, Dept Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, “Fondazione Pascale” - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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32
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Huang K, Sun B, Luo N, Guo H, Hu J, Peng J. Programmed Death Receptor 1 (PD1) Knockout and Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Transduction Can Enhance Persistence and Antitumor Efficacy of Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4573-4582. [PMID: 29967316 PMCID: PMC6060692 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The weak antitumor efficacy and limited lifespan are the main obstacles that hinder the therapeutic effect of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy. In the study, we enhanced the persistence and the antitumor efficacy of CIK cell through PD-1 knockout and hTERT transduction. MATERIAL AND METHODS CIK cells were cultured from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and PD-1 gene was knocked out through the Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (Cas9 RNPs) electroporation. TIDE assay, T7E1 mismatch cleavage assay, and clone Sanger sequencing were used to detect PD-1 knockout efficiency. The immunophenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry. After PD-1 knockout, the hTERT gene was transduced into PD-1 KO/CIK cells with lentiviral transduction. The hTERT expression and persistence of hTERT/PD-1 KO/CIK cells were evaluated by Western blotting and proliferation curve. The antitumor efficacy was detected by ELISPOT and cytotoxicity assay. The telomere length was measured by the Q-FISH and qPCR method. The karyotype assay was used to analyze the chromosome structural stability. RESULTS The optimal knockout efficiency of PD-1 gene in CIK cells could reach 41.23±0.52%. PD-1 knockout did not affect the immunophenotype of CIK cells. The hTERT transduction enhanced persistence and increased the telomere length. ELISPOT and cytotoxicity assay showed hTERT/PD-1 KO/CIK cells had an enhanced antitumor efficacy. Meanwhile, PD-1 KO/CIK cells transduced with hTERT showed a normal karyotype. CONCLUSIONS PD-1 knockout combined with hTERT transduction could prolong the lifespan and enhance antitumor efficacy of CIK cells against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghua Huang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Bowen Sun
- Beijing Sinovaccine Biotechnology Company Limited, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Nan Luo
- Department of Surgery, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Huahu Guo
- Department of Surgery, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jili Hu
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Surgery, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jirun Peng
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Surgery, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China (mainland)
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33
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Huang F, Chen J, Lan R, Wang Z, Chen R, Lin J, Zhang L, Fu L. δ-Catenin peptide vaccines repress hepatocellular carcinoma growth via CD8 + T cell activation. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1450713. [PMID: 30221043 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1450713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As classical therapy method of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not effective enough, HCC immunotherapy is a hot spot for research in recent years. Although in recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors are focused in cancer therapy, vaccines and adoptive cell therapy (ACT), as traditional immunotherapy methods for HCC are still promising. We found that δ-Catenin might be a new tumor-associated antigen for HCC, for it could be upregulated as a stress associated protein under hypoxia and irradiation treatment. δ-Catenin peptide vaccines could inhibit the growth of subcutaneous hepatocellular tumors in vivo. According to our work, δ-Catenin peptide vaccines could stimulate the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and enhance the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumors. Moreover, δ-Catenin peptide vaccines could enhance the secretion of IFN-γ and the killing of tumor cells by T cells. Mechanistically, δ-Catenin peptide vaccines, presented by antigen-presenting cells to T cells, could enhance the activation of T cells via MAPK/ERK signaling and the transcriptional factors Eomes and T-bet. Our research results indicate new potential peptide vaccines, which can be applied in clinical HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Central Lab, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junying Chen
- Central Lab, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruilong Lan
- Central Lab, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- Central Lab, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruiqing Chen
- Central Lab, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingan Lin
- Central Lab, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Central Lab, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lengxi Fu
- Central Lab, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
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Lee S, Loecher M, Iyer R. Immunomodulation in hepatocellular cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:208-219. [PMID: 29564186 PMCID: PMC5848038 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2017.06.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fastest growing malignancy in the United States in relation to mortality. HCC relies on a complex immunosuppressive network to modify the host immune system and evade destruction. Intrinsic to the liver's function and anatomy, native hepatic and immune cells produce many inhibitory cytokines that promote tolerogenicity and limit immune response. Since the introduction of sorafenib in 2008, no treatment has been able to demonstrate improved survival in patients with advanced HCC post disease progression treated with sorafenib. More recent studies have shown that sorafenib has an immunomodulatory function in addition to inhibition of multiple tyrosine kinases. Clinical trials have aimed to further enhance this immunomodulatory function with other treatments, most promisingly immune checkpoint inhibitors. Additionally, ongoing studies are using combinatorial approaches with immunomodulatory treatment and liver directed therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryoablation. This article will review recent data describing the immunosuppressive network in HCC, recent results of immunotherapies, and combinatorial approaches to treat advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Loecher
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Renuka Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Shu G, Jiang S, Mu J, Yu H, Duan H, Deng X. Antitumor immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Panax japonicus C. A. Mey: Roles of their effects on CD4+ T cells and tumor associated macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:430-439. [PMID: 29317237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chemical properties of polysaccharides from rhizomes of Panax japonicus C. A. Mey (PSPJ) were investigated and the antitumor immunostimulatory activity of PSPJ was assessed in mice bearing H22 hepatoma cells. Chemical properties of PSPJ were determined by GC, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis. Furthermore, we showed that PSPJ repressed H22 tumor growth in vivo with undetectable toxic effects on tumor-bearing mice. PSPJ upregulated host thymus/spleen indexes and ConA/LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation. Cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells against H22 hepatoma cells were also elevated. Tumor transplantation led to substantial apoptosis of CD4+ T cells and dysregulation of the cytokine profile secreted by CD4+ T cells. These abnormalities were alleviated by PSPJ in a dose-dependent manner. In tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), PSPJ reduced the production of immunosuppressive factors such as TGF-β, IL-10 and PEG2. In addition, M2-like polarization of TAMs was also considerably declined in response to PSPJ. Our findings clearly demonstrated the antitumor immunostimulatory activity of PSPJ and supported considering PSPJ as an adjuvant reagent in clinical treatment of malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education (South-Central University for Nationalities), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shanqing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education (South-Central University for Nationalities), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jun Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education (South-Central University for Nationalities), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Huifan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education (South-Central University for Nationalities), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Huan Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education (South-Central University for Nationalities), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xukun Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education (South-Central University for Nationalities), Wuhan, PR China.
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Han Q, Wang Y, Pang M, Zhang J. STAT3-blocked whole-cell hepatoma vaccine induces cellular and humoral immune response against HCC. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:156. [PMID: 29115974 PMCID: PMC5688805 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Whole-cell tumor vaccines have shown much promise; however, only limited success has been achieved for the goal of eliciting robust tumor-specific T-cell responses. Methods Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, H22 and Hepa1–6, were modified by blocking the STAT3 signaling pathway with a STAT3 decoy oligodeoxynucleotide, and the immunogenicity and possibility of using these cell lysates as a vaccine were evaluated. Results STAT3-blocked whole HCC cell lysates inhibited tumor growth and tumorigenesis, and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. In addition, STAT3-blocked whole HCC cell lysates stimulated the activation of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and enhanced the infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the tumor tissues. In addition, the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) was enhanced, which promoted the generation of immunological memory against HCC. Furthermore, secondary immune responses could be primed as soon as these immunized mice were challenged with HCC cells, accompanied by T cell and NK cell activation and infiltration. Additionally, immunization with this vaccine decreased the generation of Tregs and the production of TGF-β and IL-10. Importantly, STAT3-blocked whole HCC cell lysates prevented HCC-mediated exhaustion of T cells and NK cells, showing low expression of checkpoint molecules such as PD-1 and TIGIT on T cells and NK cells in the immunized mice. Conclusions The newly generated STAT3-blocked whole-cell HCC vaccine has potential for cancer cell vaccination. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0623-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yaqun Wang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Min Pang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Yuan BH, Li RH, Yuan WP, Yang T, Tong TJ, Peng NF, Li LQ, Zhong JH. Harms and benefits of adoptive immunotherapy for postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma: an updated review. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18537-18549. [PMID: 28061472 PMCID: PMC5392348 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The harms and benefits of adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) for patients with postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are controversial among studies. This study aims to update the current evidence on efficacy and safety of AIT for patients with HCC who have received curative therapy. Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating adjuvant AIT for patients with HCC after curative therapies. Recurrence and mortality were compared between patients with or without adjuvant AIT. Eight RCTs and two cohort studies involving 2,120 patients met the eligibility criteria and were meta-analyzed. Adjuvant AIT was associated with significantly lower recurrence rate than curative therapies alone at 1 year [risk ratio (RR) 0.64, 95%CI 0.49-0.82], 3 years (RR 0.85, 95%CI 0.79-0.91) and 5 years (RR 0.90, 95%CI 0.85-0.95). Similarly, adjuvant AIT was associated with significantly lower mortality at 1 year (RR 0.64, 95%CI 0.52-0.79), 3 years (RR 0.73, 95%CI 0.65-0.81) and 5 years (RR 0.86, 95%CI 0.79-0.94). Short-term outcomes were confirmed in sensitivity analyses based on RCTs or choice of a fixed- or random-effect meta-analysis model. None of the included patients experienced grade 3 or 4 adverse events. Therefore, this update reinforces the evidence that adjuvant AIT after curative treatment for HCC lowers risk of recurrence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hong Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Hong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ping Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tie-Jun Tong
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Ning-Fu Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Le-Qun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
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Liu D, Li G, Avella DM, Kimchi ET, Kaifi JT, Rubinstein MP, Camp ER, Rockey DC, Schell TD, Staveley-O'Carroll KF. Sunitinib represses regulatory T cells to overcome immunotolerance in a murine model of hepatocellular cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1372079. [PMID: 29296523 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1372079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful development of immunotherapeutic strategies for hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has been impeded by limited understanding of tumor-induced profound tolerance and lack of a clinically faithful HCC model. Recently, we developed a novel model that recapitulates typical features of human HCC. Using this clinically relevant model, we demonstrate that tumor growth impairs host immunity and causes a profound exhaustion of tumor antigen-specific (TAS) CD8+ T cells. Increase in frequency and suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is critically involved in this tumor-induced immune dysfunction. We further demonstrate that sunitinib suppresses Tregs and prevents tumor-induced immune tolerance, allowing TAS immunization to activate endogenous CD8+ T cells. As a result, this combinational strategy delays tumor growth. Importantly, the additional integration of exogenous naïve TAS CD8+ T cells by adoptive cell transfer (ACT) leads to the elimination of the established tumors without recurrence and promotes long-term survival of the treated mice. Mechanistically, sunitinib treatment primes the antitumor immune response by significantly decreasing Treg frequency, reducing TGF-β and IL-10 production by Tregs, and also protecting TAS CD8+ T cells from tumor-induced deletion in the setting of HCC. Taken together, sunitinib quantitatively and qualitatively modifies Tregs to overcome tumor-induced immune deficiency, suggesting the potential of sunitinib as a therapeutic immune activator for HCC control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Eric T Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jussuf T Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mark P Rubinstein
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - E Ramsay Camp
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Don C Rockey
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Todd D Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kevin F Staveley-O'Carroll
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
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Liu T, Li P, Jin H, Ding Q, Zou Z, Peng G. Influence of designer self-assembling nanofiber scaffolds containing anti-cancer peptide motif on hepatoma carcinoma cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2329-2334. [PMID: 28263436 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 JieFang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Pindong Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 JieFang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Honglin Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 JieFang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Qian Ding
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 JieFang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Zhenwei Zou
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 JieFang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Gang Peng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 JieFang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
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Wang S, Wang A, Lin J, Xie Y, Wu L, Huang H, Bian J, Yang X, Wan X, Zhao H, Huang J. Brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: recent advances and future avenues. Oncotarget 2017; 8:25814-25829. [PMID: 28445959 PMCID: PMC5421971 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (BMHCC) is becoming more frequent than that of the past as a result of prolonged survival of patients with HCC. Compared with brain metastases from other types of cancer, BMHCC tends to exhibit a high incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and poor liver function. Unfortunately, the prognosis is extremely poor for patients with BMHCC owing to the limited treatment selection. Currently, optimal treatment requires multidisciplinary approaches including surgery, whole-brain radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery. Besides these traditional approaches, novel treatments such as target therapy and immunotherapy provide an opportunity to improve the survival of these patients. This review provides an overview of the incidence, characteristics, prognosis, and current and potential future management strategies for BMHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Anqiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liangcai Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanchun Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Bian
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueshuai Wan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiefu Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Mo HY, Liao YY, You XM, Cucchetti A, Yuan BH, Li RH, Zhong JH, Li LQ. Timely meta-analysis on the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174222. [PMID: 28339493 PMCID: PMC5365130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The role of adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have received curative therapy is still not well illustrated. This timely meta-analysis aims to update the current evidence on efficacy and safety of AIT for patients with HCC who have received curative therapy. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library Through January 2017 for relevant studies. Mortality and tumor recurrence were compared between patients with or without adjuvant AIT. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. Results Eight studies involving 1861 patients met the eligibility criteria and were meta-analyzed. Adjuvant AIT was associated with significantly lower mortality at 1 year (RR 0.64, 95%CI 0.52–0.79), 3 years (RR 0.73, 95%CI 0.65–0.81) and 5 years (RR 0.86, 95%CI 0.79–0.94). Similarly, adjuvant AIT was associated with significantly lower recurrence rate than curative therapies alone at 1 year (RR 0.64, 95%CI 0.49–0.82), 3 years (RR 0.85, 95%CI 0.79–0.91) and 5 years (RR 0.90, 95%CI 0.85–0.95). Short-term outcomes were confirmed in sensitivity analyses based on randomized trials or choice of random- or fixed-effect meta-analysis model. None of the included patients experienced grade 4 adverse events. Conclusions This timely meta-analysis confirms the evidence that adjuvant AIT for patients with HCC after curative treatment lowers risk of mortality and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yue Mo
- Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying-Yang Liao
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Mei You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (XMY); ; (JHZ)
| | - Alessandro Cucchetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bao-Hong Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Yan’An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ru-Hong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Yan’An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (XMY); ; (JHZ)
| | - Le-Qun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, China
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Hu X, Feng Y, Sun L, Qu L, Sun C. Roles of microRNA-330 and Its Target Gene ING4 in the Development of Aggressive Phenotype in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:715-722. [PMID: 28050784 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of microRNAs contributes to tumor growth and progression. AIMS This study was designed to explore the prognostic and biological significance of miR-330 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS The expression of miR-330 and its associations with tumor parameters and overall survival were analyzed in HCC patients. The biological functions of miR-330 in HCC cell growth, invasion, and tumorigenesis were investigated. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays were performed to search for potential targets of miR-330. RESULTS The miR-330 level was significantly higher in HCCs than in adjacent normal tissues (P = 0.0085). High expression of miR-330 was significantly associated with more aggressive phenotypes and shorter overall survival in HCC. Loss- and gain-of-function studies indicated the favorable effect of miR-330 on tumor cell growth, invasion, and tumorigenesis. Inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) was identified to be a direct target of miR-330. Overexpression of miR-330 reduced the expression of ING4 in HCC cells. Importantly, restoration of ING4 almost completely reversed the promotion of HCC cell proliferation and invasion by miR-330. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, this study demonstrates that upregulation of miR-330 is associated with poor prognosis and contributes to more aggressive phenotypes of HCC. The oncogenic role of miR-330 in HCC is linked to downregulation of ING4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Qu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chuandong Sun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Yang Y, Liu Q, Zhang H, Zhao H, Mao R, Li Z, Ya S, Jia C, Bao Y. Silencing of GP73 inhibits invasion and metastasis via suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1182-1188. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Approximately 12% of all cancers worldwide are associated with viral infections. To date, eight viruses have been shown to contribute to the development of human cancers, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis B and C viruses, and Human papilloma virus, among others. These DNA and RNA viruses produce oncogenic effects through distinct mechanisms. First, viruses may induce sustained disorders of host cell growth and survival through the genes they express, or may induce DNA damage response in host cells, which in turn increases host genome instability. Second, they may induce chronic inflammation and secondary tissue damage favoring the development of oncogenic processes in host cells. Viruses like HIV can create a more permissive environment for cancer development through immune inhibition, but we will focus on the previous two mechanisms in this review. Unlike traditional cancer therapies that cannot distinguish infected cells from non-infected cells, immunotherapies are uniquely equipped to target virus-associated malignancies. The targeting and functioning mechanisms associated with the immune response can be exploited to prevent viral infections by vaccination, and can also be used to treat infection before cancer establishment. Successes in using the immune system to eradicate established malignancy by selective recognition of virus-associated tumor cells are currently being reported. For example, numerous clinical trials of adoptive transfer of ex vivo generated virus-specific T cells have shown benefit even for established tumors in patients with EBV-associated malignancies. Additional studies in other virus-associated tumors have also been initiated and in this review we describe the current status of immunotherapy for virus-associated malignancies and discuss future prospects.
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Nishino M, Ramaiya NH, Chambers ES, Adeni AE, Hatabu H, Jänne PA, Hodi FS, Awad MM. Immune-related response assessment during PD-1 inhibitor therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:84. [PMID: 28018599 PMCID: PMC5168591 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor response characteristics using immune-related RECIST1.1 (irRECIST1.1) in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with nivolumab monotherapy in the clinical setting have not been previously described with a direct comparison with the assessments according to the conventional RECIST1.1. Methods Fifty-six advanced NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab monotherapy after its Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval were retrospectively studied. Tumor burden was quantified on serial CT scans during therapy using irRECIST1.1, which uses unidimensional measurements and includes new lesion measurements in total tumor burden. Response assessments by irRECIST1.1 were compared with assessments by RECIST1.1. Responses of individual lesions in different organs were also compared. Results Tumor burden change at best overall response ranged from −66.8 to +278.1% (median: +3.9%). Response rate was 14% (8/56; 8 partial responses, 0 complete responses) by irRECIST1.1 and by RECIST1.1. Time-to-progression (TTP) by irRECIST1.1 was longer than TTP by RECIST1.1 (median TTP: not reached vs. 1.9 months, respectively). No patients experienced pseudoprogression during the study. Among 128 target lesions, the lesion-based size change at best response differed significantly across different organs, with adrenal lesions and lymph nodes having greater size decrease, followed by lung, while liver and other miscellaneous lesions had lesser degree of size decrease (p = 0.002). Conclusions Immune-related response evaluations using irRECIST1.1 in advanced NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab resulted in the identical response rate and longer TTP compared to RECIST1.1. No pseudoprogression cases were observed during the study. Adrenal lesions and lymph nodes were more responsive and liver lesions were less responsive to nivolumab. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40425-016-0193-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Nishino
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Nikhil H Ramaiya
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Emily S Chambers
- Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Medicine Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Anika E Adeni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Medicine Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Hiroto Hatabu
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Medicine Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Medicine Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Mark M Awad
- Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Medicine Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215 USA
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46
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Yao M, Wang L, Fang M, Zheng W, Dong Z, Yao D. Advances in the study of oncofetal antigen glypican-3 expression in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:337-343. [PMID: 27795482 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Early specific diagnosis and effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are crucial. Expression of membrane-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-3 (GPC-3) was recently found to increase as part of the malignant transformation of hepatocytes, and this increase is especially marked in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, periportal cancerous embolus, or extra-hepatic metastasis. According to data from basic and clinical studies, the oncofetal antigen GPC-3 is a highly specific diagnostic biomarker of HCC and an indicator of its prognosis, and GPC-3 is also a promising target molecule for HCC gene therapy since it may play a crucial role in cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion and it may mediate oncogenesis and oncogenic signaling pathways. This review summarizes recent advances in the use of oncofetal antigen GPC-3 to diagnose HBV-related HCC, estimate its prognosis, and its targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University
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47
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Gong L, Di C, Xia X, Wang J, Chen G, Shi J, Chen P, Xu H, Zhang W. AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in salvianolic acid B-induced autophagy and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2538-2548. [PMID: 27779641 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese medicines are emerging as an attractive new generation of anticancer drugs. Here, we explored the impact of salvianolic acid B (Sal B), the major water-soluble compounds of Danshen, on apoptosis and autophagy of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). We also investigated the related molecular mechanisms. We found that Sal B exhibits potent ability to inhibit HCC cells viability in a concentration-dependent manner, and to induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Additionally, Sal B could also induce autophagy. Furthermore, pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine or 3-methyladenine showed the potential in attenuating the apoptosis rate induced by Sal B. Mechanistically, Sal B treatment inhibited the AKT/mTOR signaling cascade in vitro. Overexpression of AKT abolished the effects of Sal B on HCC cells, suggesting a critical role of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in Sal B-induced biological effects. Our results indicated that the mitochondrial pathway was involved in Sal B-induced apoptosis of HCC cells. Moreover, the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was involved in Sal B-induced autophagy, which promoted apoptosis. This study may provide a promising strategy for using Sal B as a chemotherapeutic agent for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gong
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Di
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Xia
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Gongying Chen
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Junping Shi
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Pengshuai Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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