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Sun Z, Shen H, Chen Z, Ma N, Yang Y, Liu H, Li J. Physiological responses and transcriptome analysis of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni exposed to Thrips palmi feeding stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1361276. [PMID: 38807785 PMCID: PMC11130412 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1361276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Thrips are serious pests of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (daylily), affecting crop yield and quality. To defend against pests, daylily has evolved a set of sophisticated defense mechanisms. In the present study, induction of systemic resistance in Hemerocallis citrina 'Datong Huanghua' by Thrips palmi feeding was investigated at both biochemical and molecular levels. The soluble sugar content of daylily leaves was significantly lower than that in control check (CK) at all time points of feeding by T. palmi, whereas the amino acid and free fatty acid contents started to be significantly lower than those in CK after 7 days. Secondary metabolites such as tannins, flavonoids, and total phenols, which are harmful to the growth and reproduction of T. palmi, were increased significantly. The activities of defense enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were significantly increased, and the degree of damage to plants was reduced. The significant increase in protease inhibitor (PI) activity may lead to disrupted digestion and slower growth in T. palmi. Using RNA sequencing, 1,894 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between control and treatment groups at five timepoints. DEGs were mainly enriched in secondary metabolite synthesis, jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and other defense hormone signal transduction pathways, defense enzyme synthesis, MAPK signaling, cell wall thickening, carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, and other insect resistance pathways. Subsequently, 698 DEGs were predicted to be transcription factors, including bHLH and WRKY members related to biotic stress. WGCNA identified 18 hub genes in four key modules (Purple, Midnight blue, Blue, and Red) including MYB-like DNA-binding domain (TRINITY_DN2391_c0_g1, TRINITY_DN3285_c0_g1), zinc-finger of the FCS-type, C2-C2 (TRINITY_DN21050_c0_g2), and NPR1 (TRINITY_DN13045_c0_g1, TRINITY_DN855_c0_g2). The results indicate that biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, phenylalanine metabolism, PIs, and defense hormones pathways are involved in the induced resistance to T. palmi in daylily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuonan Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Zhongtao Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Ye Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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Zheng Y, Liu Q, Shi S, Zhu X, Chen Y, Lin S, Tian H, Huang L, Wei H. Nitrogen Deficiency Enhances Eggplant Defense against Western Flower Thrips via the Induction of the Jasmonate Pathway. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:273. [PMID: 38256826 PMCID: PMC10820576 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Plant nutrition is connected to defense against insect herbivores, but the exact mechanism underlying the effect of the nitrogen (N) supply on the anti-herbivore capacity of eggplants (Solanum melongena) has not been studied in detail. Therefore, we examined the impact of low (LN, 0.5 mM) and high (HN, 5 mM) nitrate levels on eggplant resistance against the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (WFT), a major destructive eggplant pest. Our results showed that LN plants displayed enhanced defense responses to WFT compared to HN plants. This included increased transcript levels of key genes in the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, the accumulation of JA-amido conjugates (jasmonoyl-isoleucine, jasmonoyl-phenylalanine, and jasmonoyl-valine), JA precursor (12-oxophytodienoic acid), and methyl jasmonate, higher transcript levels of defense marker genes (MPK3, MPK7, and WRKY53), and increased activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase upon a WFT attack. Our findings suggest that N deficiency can prime JA-mediated defense responses in eggplants, resulting in increased anti-herbivore resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.L.); (H.T.); (L.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Qianxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.L.); (H.T.); (L.H.)
| | - Shuang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.L.); (H.T.); (L.H.)
| | - Xiaowen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.L.); (H.T.); (L.H.)
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.L.); (H.T.); (L.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Shuo Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.L.); (H.T.); (L.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Houjun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.L.); (H.T.); (L.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Lanyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.L.); (H.T.); (L.H.)
| | - Hui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.L.); (H.T.); (L.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350013, China
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Chen YJ, Pandey S, Catto M, Leal-Bertioli S, Abney MR, Bag S, Hopkins M, Culbreath A, Srinivasan R. Evaluation of Wild Peanut Species and Their Allotetraploids for Resistance against Thrips and Thrips-Transmitted Tomato Spotted Wilt Orthotospovirus (TSWV). Pathogens 2023; 12:1102. [PMID: 37764910 PMCID: PMC10536083 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrips-transmitted tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) causes spotted wilt disease in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and limits yield. Breeding programs have been developing TSWV-resistant cultivars, but availability of sources of resistance against TSWV in cultivated germplasm is extremely limited. Diploid wild Arachis species can serve as important sources of resistance, and despite ploidy barriers (cultivated peanut is tetraploid), their usage in breeding programs is now possible because of the knowledge and development of induced interspecific allotetraploid hybrids. This study screened 10 wild diploid Arachis and six induced allotetraploid genotypes via thrips-mediated TSWV transmission assays and thrips' feeding assays in the greenhouse. Three parameters were evaluated: percent TSWV infection, virus accumulation, and temporal severity of thrips feeding injury. Results indicated that the diploid A. stenosperma accession V10309 and its derivative-induced allotetraploid ValSten1 had the lowest TSWV infection incidences among the evaluated genotypes. Allotetraploid BatDur1 had the lowest thrips-inflicted damage at each week post thrips release, while diploid A. batizocoi accession K9484 and A. duranensis accession V14167 had reduced feeding damage one week post thrips release, and diploids A. valida accession GK30011 and A. batizocoi had reduced feeding damage three weeks post thrips releasethan the others. Overall, plausible TSWV resistance in diploid species and their allotetraploid hybrids was characterized by reduced percent TSWV infection, virus accumulation, and feeding severity. Furthermore, a few diploids and tetraploid hybrids displayed antibiosis against thrips. These results document evidence for resistance against TSWV and thrips in wild diploid Arachis species and peanut-compatible-induced allotetraploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (Y.-J.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Sudeep Pandey
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (Y.-J.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Michael Catto
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Soraya Leal-Bertioli
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Mark R. Abney
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA;
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA; (S.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Mark Hopkins
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Albert Culbreath
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA; (S.B.); (A.C.)
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Simko I, Hasegawa DK, Peng H, Zhao R. Genetic and physiological determinants of lettuce partial resistance to Impatiens necrotic spot virus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1163683. [PMID: 37360711 PMCID: PMC10285314 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1163683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) is a major pathogen currently threatening lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production in the coastal areas of California. The virus is transmitted by the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande). Methods We have tested a diversity panel of almost 500 lettuce accessions for disease incidence (DI) in 12 field experiments performed over 7 years. This set of accessions was also assessed for thrips feeding damage (TFD), the rate of plant development (PD), and the content of chlorophyll (SPAD) and anthocyanins (ACI) to determine their effect on resistance to INSV. In addition, recombinant inbred lines from two biparental mapping populations were also evaluated for DI in field experiments. Results The mean DI in 14 field experiments ranged from 2.1% to 70.4%. A highly significant difference in DI was observed among the tested accessions, with the overall lowest DI detected in the red color cultivars, Outredgeous Selection, Red Splash Cos, Infantry, Sweet Valentine, Annapolis, and Velvet. Multiple linear regression models revealed a small but significant effect (p < 0.005) of the four analyzed determinants on DI. Accessions with lower DI values had slower plant development (PD, r = 0.352), higher ACI content (r = -0.284), lower TFD (r = 0.198), and lower SPAD content (r = 0.125). A genome-wide association study revealed 13 QTLs for DI located on eight out of the nine lettuce chromosomes (the exception was chr. 8). The most frequently detected QTL (qINSV2.1) was located on chr. 2. Several of the QTLs for DI were in the same genomic areas as QTLs for PD, ACI, and SPAD. Additional three QTLs for DI on chr. 5 and 8 were identified using linkage mapping performed on two biparental mapping populations. Conclusions The work highlights the genetic basis of partial resistance to INSV and reveals the relationship between resistance, the host physiology, and the thrips vector. Results of this study are an important steppingstone toward developing cultivars with increased resistance against INSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Simko
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Salinas, CA, United States
| | - Daniel K. Hasegawa
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Salinas, CA, United States
| | - Hui Peng
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL, United States
| | - Rebecca Zhao
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Salinas, CA, United States
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Mutschler MA, Kennedy GG, Ullman DE. Acylsugar-mediated resistance as part of a multilayered defense against thrips, orthotospoviruses, and beyond. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 56:101021. [PMID: 36925103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Resistant varieties are critical tools for crop production, and single-resistance genes providing strong protection against pests or pathogens are deployed in agriculture. Durability of these traits is threatened by emergence of resistance-breaking pests and pathogens. This review focuses on acylsugar-mediated resistance in tomato. Wild tomatoes have type-IV trichomes that exude chemically complex mixtures of acylsugars altering behavior and suppressing multiple pest species, and with thrips and whiteflies (WF), suppressing virus transmission, for example, Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, respectively. Marker-assisted selection and bioassays led to development of advanced cultivated tomato breeding lines rich in acylsugar variations, allowing acylsugar-mediated resistance to be combined with other resistance traits providing a layered defense system that reduces pest populations and virus disease prevalence. This strategy also holds promise for enhancing durability of virus resistance genes by reducing the intensity of selection for resistance-breaking variants.
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Huang WQ, Zeng G, Zhi JR, Qiu XY, Yin ZJ. Exogenous Calcium Suppresses the Oviposition Choices of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Promotes the Attraction of Orius similis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) by Altering Volatile Blend Emissions in Kidney Bean Plants. INSECTS 2022; 13:1127. [PMID: 36555037 PMCID: PMC9785530 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis is a destructive pest of horticultural plants, while Orius similis is a natural enemy of thrips. It has been demonstrated that exogenous calcium could induce plant defenses against herbivore attack. We examined whether CaCl2 supplementation altered the volatile emissions of kidney bean plants, which influence the oviposition preference of F. occidentalis. We also assessed the influence of volatile cues on O. similis. Using Y-tube olfactometer tests, we found that exogenous CaCl2 treatment inhibited the selectivity of F. occidentalis but attracted O. similis. In addition, CaCl2 treatment reduced the oviposition preference of F. occidentalis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed that CaCl2 treatment altered the number and relative abundance of the volatile compounds in kidney bean plants and that (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, β-lonone, and (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal might be potential olfactory cues. Furthermore, the results of the six-arm olfactometer test indicated that 1-octen-3-ol (10-2 μL/μL), β-lonone (10-2 μL/μL), and (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal (10-3 μL/μL) repelled F. occidentalis but attracted O. similis. Overall, our results suggested that exogenous CaCl2 treatment induced defense responses in kidney bean plants, suggesting that CaCl2 supplementation may be a promising strategy to enhance the biological control of F. occidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qing Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Resources and Environment, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China
| | - Jun-Rui Zhi
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin-Yue Qiu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhen-Juan Yin
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Chen JC, Cao LJ, Sun LN, Gao YF, Cao HQ, Ma ZZ, Ma LJ, Shen XJ, Wang JX, Gong YJ, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Variation in the toxicity of a novel meta-diamide insecticide, broflanilide, among thrips pest species and developmental stages. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:5090-5096. [PMID: 36102347 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrips pests cause increasing damage to crops around the world. Widespread usage of some insecticides against thrips has now led to the evolution of resistance to several active ingredients, and new insecticides are required. This study examined the toxicity of the novel insecticide broflanilide to multiple populations of several thrips pests. RESULTS Bioassays showed that thrips populations had LC50 values ranging from 0.5 to almost 300 mg·L-1 . A population of Frankliniella occidentalis had the highest LC50 value at 290.63 mg·L-1 , while a population of Echinothrips americanus had the lowest LC50 value at 0.51 mg L-1 . LC50 values among seven populations of Thrips palmi ranged from 2.5689 to 23.6754 mg·L-1 , indicating intraspecific variation in toxicity. In this species, the toxicity of broflanilide was relatively higher in adults than in larvae. More than 90% of eggs of T. palmi could not develop into larvae when treated with 5-50 mg L-1 broflanilide. Compared to five commonly used insecticides, broflanilide showed relatively high toxicity to T. palmi. Field control tests with T. palmi showed that control efficacy (from 90.44% to 93.14%) was maintained from day three to day 14 after treatment with 22.5 and 45 ga.i hm-1 broflanilide. CONCLUSION Broflanilide is potentially a useful insecticide for controlling Thrips hawaiiensis, Frankliniella intonsa, Megalurothrips usitatus. E. americanus, and some populations of T. palmi. However, the variation in toxicity of this insecticide to different species, populations, and developmental stages indicates that target species and life stages may need to be carefully considered. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hua-Qian Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Zheng Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Shen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xu Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anthony Ary Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Life Table and Preference Choice of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) for Kidney Bean Plants Treated by Exogenous Calcium. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12090838. [PMID: 34564278 PMCID: PMC8471031 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, is an invasive key pest that damages vegetables and ornamentals worldwide. The activation of induced resistance by chemicals may provide a simple and feasible way of achieving improvement of resistance to stress in crop plants, which is an important technology for the development of sustainable agriculture. Calcium (Ca) is an essential element for plants; numerous studies have shown that Ca can confer crop plants with resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. For the first time, we report the negative effects of exogenous Ca on kidney bean plants in relation to the performance of F. occidentalis, including a reduced preference of thrips. Therefore, Ca could potentially be used to control F. occidentalis. Abstract Exogenous calcium (Ca) has been used to induce host plant resistance in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, including from thrips attack. The aim of this study was to determine whether exogenously applied Ca affects the performance of Frankliniella occidentalis. We assessed the development time, total longevity, reproduction, and population parameters of F. occidentalis, and its preference choice on Ca-treated or untreated control kidney bean plants under laboratory conditions. The results showed that F. occidentalis fed on Ca-treated leaves had a longer developmental time but lower longevity (female and male) and fecundity than F. occidentalis fed on control leaves. Population parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0), were all found higher in control leaves than in Ca-treated leaves, and the mean generation time (T) was shorter. In preference choices, the number of thrips on control plants was higher than the number of thrips on Ca-treated kidney bean plants. Overall, our results indicated that exogenous Ca pretreatment on kidney bean plants affected the life history and preference choice of F. occidentalis, suggesting Ca might be used as a promising elicitor of inducible plant defense against thrips.
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Wahyuni DSC, Choi YH, Leiss KA, Klinkhamer PGL. Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1384. [PMID: 34371587 PMCID: PMC8309351 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms involved in host plant resistance opens the way for improved resistance breeding programs by using the traits involved as markers. Pest management is a major problem in cultivation of ornamentals. Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L.) is an economically important ornamental in the Netherlands. Gladiolus is especially sensitive to attack by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)). The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate morphological and chemical markers for resistance breeding to western flower thrips in Gladiolus varieties. We measured thrips damage of 14 Gladiolus varieties in a whole-plant thrips bioassay and related this to morphological traits with a focus on papillae density. Moreover, we studied chemical host plant resistance to using an eco-metabolomic approach comparing the 1H NMR profiles of thrips resistant and susceptible varieties representing a broad range of papillae densities. Thrips damage varied strongly among varieties: the most susceptible variety showed 130 times more damage than the most resistant one. Varieties with low thrips damage had shorter mesophylls and epidermal cells, as well as a higher density of epicuticular papillae. All three traits related to thrips damage were highly correlated with each other. We observed a number of metabolites related to resistance against thrips: two unidentified triterpenoid saponins and the amino acids alanine and threonine. All these compounds were highly correlated amongst each other as well as to the density of papillae. These correlations suggest that papillae are involved in resistance to thrips by producing and/or storing compounds causing thrips resistance. Although it is not possible to distinguish the individual effects of morphological and chemical traits statistically, our results show that papillae density is an easy marker in Gladiolus-breeding programs targeted at increased resistance to thrips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinar S. C. Wahyuni
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE Leiden, The Netherlands;
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kirsten A. Leiss
- Business Unit Horticulture, Wageningen University and Research Center, Postbus 20, 2665ZG Bleiswijk, The Netherlands;
| | - Peter G. L. Klinkhamer
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE Leiden, The Netherlands;
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Michel A, Harris M. Editorial overview: Why modern research justifies the re-emergence of host-plant resistance as a focus for pest management. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 45:iii-v. [PMID: 34303486 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Michel
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, United States.
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Mouden S, Bac-Molenaar JA, Kappers IF, Beerling EAM, Leiss KA. Elicitor Application in Strawberry Results in Long-Term Increase of Plant Resilience Without Yield Loss. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:695908. [PMID: 34276745 PMCID: PMC8282209 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.695908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
For a first step integrating elicitor applications into the current IPM strategy increasing plant resilience against pests, we investigated repeated elicitor treatments in a strawberry everbearer nursery and cropping cycle under glass. During nursery methyl-jasmonate (MeJA), testing induction of defenses with plant bioassays was applied every 3 weeks. Thrips damage and reproduction by spider mites, whitefly and aphids were strongly reduced upon elicitor treatment. Subsequently, we applied MeJA every 3 weeks or based on scouting pests during a whole cropping cycle. Thrips leaf bioassays and LC-MS leaf metabolomics were applied to investigate the induction of defenses. Leaf damage by thrips was lower for both MeJA application schemes compared to the control except for the last weeks. While elicitor treatments after scouting also reduced damage, its effect did not last. Thrips damage decreased from vegetative to mature plants during the cropping cycle. At the end of the nursery phase, plants in the elicitor treatment were smaller. Surprisingly, growth during production was not affected by MeJA application, as were fruit yield and quality. LC-MS leaf metabolomics showed strong induction of vegetative plants decreasing during the maturation of plants toward the end of cultivation. Concurrently, no increase in the JA-inducible marker PPO was observed when measured toward the end of cultivation. Mostly flavonoid and phenolic glycosides known as plant defense compounds were induced upon MeJA application. While induced defense decreased with the maturation of plants, constitutive defense increased as measured in the leaf metabolome of control plants. Our data propose that young, relatively small plant stages lack constitutive defense necessitating an active JA defense response. As plants, mature constitutive defense metabolites seem to accumulate, providing a higher level of basal resistance. Our results have important implications for but are not limited to strawberry cultivation. We demonstrated that repeated elicitor application could be deployed as part of an integrated approach for sustainable crop protection by vertical integration with other management tactics and horizontal integration to control multiple pests concurrently. This approach forms a promising potential for long-term crop protection in greenhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Mouden
- Plant Health Team, Business Unit Greenhouse Horticulture, Plant Science Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Johanna A. Bac-Molenaar
- Plant Health Team, Business Unit Greenhouse Horticulture, Plant Science Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Johanna A. Bac-Molenaar
| | - Iris F. Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Science Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ellen A. M. Beerling
- Plant Health Team, Business Unit Greenhouse Horticulture, Plant Science Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten A. Leiss
- Plant Health Team, Business Unit Greenhouse Horticulture, Plant Science Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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