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Pre-depositing versus mixing powdered activated carbons for gravity-driven membrane systems during treated domestic wastewater filtration: Permeability stabilization and removal performance. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2
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Zhang Y, Fu B, Wang X, Ma C, Lin L, Fu Q, Li S. Algal fouling control in low-pressure membrane systems by pre-adsorption: Influencing factors and mechanisms. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Anantharaman A, Chun Y, Hua T, Chew JW, Wang R. Pre-deposited dynamic membrane filtration - A review. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 173:115558. [PMID: 32044594 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic membrane (DM) is a layer of particles deposited via permeation drag onto a conventional membrane, such that the deposited particles act as a secondary membrane that minimizes fouling of the primary membrane to lower transmembrane pressures (TMP) and enable higher permeate fluxes. Since the first DM was created in 1966 at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, numerous studies have reported synthesis of DMs using various materials and explored their abilities to perform reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF). DMs are classified into two categories, namely, (i) self-formed, whereby the feed constituents form the DM; and (ii) pre-deposited, whereby the DM is formed by a layer of particles other than the feed prior to introduction of the feed. This paper endeavors to present a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art on the latter. Key materials used as DMs, their formation and various factors influencing it, regeneration of DMs and modifications to DM systems for performance enhancement are discussed. The role of DMs in preventing fouling in the primary membrane (PM) is explained. The applications of DMs in four major areas, namely, salt and organic solute rejection, treatment of industrial effluents, treatment of water and wastewater, and oily-wastewater treatment are reviewed. Furthermore, technical and economic advantages of DMs over conventional processes are considered, and challenges in current DM research are discussed. Finally, directions for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Anantharaman
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Youngpil Chun
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Tao Hua
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Chew
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Rong Wang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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4
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Wang J, Cahyadi A, Wu B, Pee W, Fane AG, Chew JW. The roles of particles in enhancing membrane filtration: A review. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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5
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Zhang Y, Jia H, Wang X, Ma C, Xu R, Fu Q, Li S. Comparing the effects of pre-deposited and pre-mixed powdered activated carbons on algal fouling during ultrafiltration. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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6
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Jia H, Fu B, Xu R, Fu Q. Algal fouling and extracellular organic matter removal in powdered activated carbon-submerged hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:351-361. [PMID: 30933791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on fouling by algal solution during ultrafiltration using two different PAC dosing strategies: pre-depositing PAC onto the membrane surfaces or the conventional addition of PAC to the bulk feed. The addition of PAC by either mode improved the removal of extracellular organic matter (EOM) from the algal solution. However, for the pre-deposition mode, increasing the PAC amount from 0 to 2.1 g caused a steady increase in the membrane fouling rate (from 0.4 to 1.4 kPa/h), whereas the opposite result (from 0.4 down to 0.1 kPa/h) was found for the conventional PAC dosing mode. This is likely due to the differences in the initial arrangement of algal cells and PAC along the cake layer depths. The pre-deposited PAC avoided contact between cells and membranes, but aggravated the deformation of the cells and hindered their back-transport to the bulk solution. Furthermore, although the effect of PAC on the EOM fouling was marginal, there were highly synergistic effects when cells and EOM were present together in the PAC pre-deposition mode. Changes in the PAC dosing mode also altered the PAC-membrane interactions, inducing a higher cleaning efficiency of backwash for the conventionally-dosed PAC from membrane surfaces than that for the pre-deposited PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Hongjing Jia
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Bangguo Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Rongwei Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China.
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7
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Tang L, Xiao F, Wei Q, Liu Y, Zou Y, Liu J, Sand W, Chow C. Removal of active dyes by ultrafiltration membrane pre-deposited with a PSFM coagulant: Performance and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:204-210. [PMID: 30780031 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new, environmental friendly, polysilicate ferric manganese (PSFM) coagulant, composed of Fe, Mn and Si, was designed and developed. As part of the process, the PSFM flocs were then deposited onto an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane to increase the removal of active dyes and its antifouling properties in the presence of the active dye was tested. Influencing factors, such as dosage of coagulant and solution pH, were systematically investigated and included as the process optimization. The results show that PSFM flocs were well distributed on the membrane surface and a dense and homogeneous deposition layer was formed under optimal conditions. According to the characterization of PSFM floc by Fourier infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the major phase of PSFM floc is determined to be MnxFeySizOw(OH)i and the functional groups of this component contribute positively to the coagulation performance. The removal rate of the active yellow dye reached 86% at pH 5.0 with small and regular floc formed in the dense deposition layers. At pH 11.0 loose deposition layers were formed by large flocs and the removal of the active yellow dye reduce to 11%. Therefore, PSFM has a commendable potential to be used for producing a kind of deposited UF membrane with an excellent performance by controlling the forms of flocs and the deposition layers, which is the key mechanism to achieve a high efficiency for removal of active yellow dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Centre of Ministry of Environmental Protection, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Qunshan Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Centre of Ministry of Environmental Protection, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yanbiao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Centre of Ministry of Environmental Protection, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yubin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianshe Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Centre of Ministry of Environmental Protection, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wolfgang Sand
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Christopher Chow
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of South Australia, 2280, Australia
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8
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Kim KJ, Jang A. Presence of Fe-Al binary oxide adsorbent cake layer in ceramic membrane filtration and their impact for removal of HA and BSA. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 196:440-452. [PMID: 29329081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) in ceramic (Ce) membrane filtration, an iron-aluminum binary oxide (FAO) was applied to the ceramic membrane surface as the adsorbent cake layer, and it was compared with heated aluminum oxide (HAO) for the evaluation of the control of NOM. Both the HAO and FAO adsorbent cake layers efficiently removed the NOM regardless of NOM's hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristics, and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal in NOM for FAO was 1-1.12 times greater than that for HAO, which means FAO was more efficient in the removal of DOC in NOM. FAO (0.03 μm), which is smaller in size than HAO (0.4 μm), had greater flux reduction than HAO. The flux reduction increased as the filtration proceeded because most of the organic foulants (colloid/particles and soluble NOM) were captured by the adsorbent cake layer, which caused fouling between the membrane surface and the adsorbent cake layer. However, no chemically irreversible fouling was observed on the Ce membrane at the end of the FAO adsorbent cake layer filtration. This means that a stable adsorbent cake layer by FAO formed on the Ce membrane, and that the reduced pure water flux of the Ce membrane, resulting from the NOM fouling, can easily be recovered through physicochemical cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jo Kim
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Am Jang
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Ma B, Wang X, Hu C, Jefferson WA, Liu H, Qu J. Antifouling by pre-deposited Al hydrolytic flocs on ultrafiltration membrane in the presence of humic acid and bovine serum albumin. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Guan YF, Huang BC, Qian C, Wang LF, Yu HQ. Improved PVDF membrane performance by doping extracellular polymeric substances of activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 113:89-96. [PMID: 28199866 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane has been widely applied in water and wastewater treatment because of its high mechanical strength, thermal stability and chemical resistance. However, the hydrophobic nature of PVDF membrane makes it readily fouled, substantially reducing water flux and overall membrane rejection ability. In this work, an in-situ blending modifier, i.e., extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from activated sludge, was used to enhance the anti-fouling ability of PVDF membrane. Results indicate that the pure water flux of the membrane and its anti-fouling performance were substantially improved by blending 8% EPS into the membrane. By introducing EPS, the membrane hydrophilicity was increased and the cross section morphology was changed when it interacted with polyvinl pyrrolidone, resulting in the formation of large cavities below the finger-like pores. In addition, the fraction of pores with a size of 100-500 nm increased, which was also beneficial to improving membrane performance. Surface thermodynamic calculations indicate the EPS-functionalized membrane had a higher cohesion free energy, implying its good pollutant rejection and anti-fouling ability. This work provides a simple, efficient and cost-effective method to improve membrane performance and also extends the applications of EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chen Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Long-Fei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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11
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Sun L, He N, Yu T, Duan X, Feng C, Zhang Y. The removal of typical pollutants in secondary effluent by the combined process of powdered activated carbon-ultrafiltration. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:1485-1493. [PMID: 28333064 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper focused on the effects of powdered activated carbon (PAC) dosage on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane flux caused by natural organic matter (NOM). Three model foulants, humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA), were adopted to represent different NOM fractions in secondary effluent treated by the combined process of PAC-UF. Moreover, the membrane fouling resistance and fouling mechanism were also analyzed. The results indicated that the best PAC dosage for the membrane flux variation was 20 mg/L for HA and SA, and 10 mg/L for BSA. SA caused the most serious membrane fouling, which was mainly reversible fouling. The membrane fouling caused by HA and BSA was mainly irreversible membrane fouling. The membrane fouling caused by organics happened mainly at the initial stage of filtration. Because the filter cake layer formed by a moderate amount of PAC could intercept organics, the membrane fouling, especially the irreversible fouling, could be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System & Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China E-mail:
| | - Ning He
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Tianmin Yu
- Beijing Harbour Real Estate Development Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xi Duan
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Cuimin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System & Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China E-mail:
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System & Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China E-mail:
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12
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Amosa MK, Jami MS, Alkhatib MFR, Majozi T. Technical feasibility study of a low-cost hybrid PAC-UF system for wastewater reclamation and reuse: a focus on feedwater production for low-pressure boilers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22554-22567. [PMID: 27557958 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study has applied the concept of the hybrid PAC-UF process in the treatment of the final effluent of the palm oil industry for reuse as feedwater for low-pressure boilers. In a bench-scale set-up, a low-cost empty fruit bunch-based powdered activated carbon (PAC) was employed for upstream adsorption of biotreated palm oil mill effluent (BPOME) with the process conditions: 60 g/L dose of PAC, 68 min of mixing time and 200 rpm of mixing speed, to reduce the feedwater strength, alleviate probable fouling of the membranes and thus improve the process flux (productivity). Three polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 1, 5 and 10 kDa were investigated in a cross-flow filtration mode, and under constant transmembrane pressures of 40, 80, and 120 kPa. The permeate qualities of the hybrid processes were evaluated, and it was found that the integrated process with the 1 kDa MWCO UF membrane yielded the best water quality that falls within the US EPA reuse standard for boiler-feed and cooling water. It was also observed that the permeate quality is fit for extended reuse as process water in the cement, petroleum and coal industries. In addition, the hybrid system's operation consumed 37.13 Wh m-3 of energy at the highest applied pressure of 120 kPa, which is far lesser than the typical energy requirement range (0.8-1.0 kWh m-3) for such wastewater reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutiu Kolade Amosa
- NRF-DST Chair: Sustainable Process Engineering, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Mohammed Saedi Jami
- Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ma'an Fahmi R Alkhatib
- Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thokozani Majozi
- NRF-DST Chair: Sustainable Process Engineering, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa
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13
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Naddeo V, Belgiorno V, Borea L, Secondes MFN, Ballesteros F. Control of fouling formation in membrane ultrafiltration by ultrasound irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1299-1307. [PMID: 25384626 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.985731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The increasing application of membrane filtration in water and wastewater treatment necessitates techniques to improve performance, especially in fouling control. Ultrasound is one promising technology for this purpose as cavitational effects facilitate continuous cleaning of the membrane. This research studied the ultrafiltration of lake water in systems with constant permeate flux under medium frequency (45 kHz) ultrasound irradiation. Fouling was investigated by monitoring transmembrane pressure (TMP) using continuous or intermittent ultrasound irradiation and dead-end or crossflow operation. Best performance was observed with continuous ultrasound irradiation in crossflow mode. Intermittent irradiation reduced the rate of TMP build-up but nevertheless allowed irreversible fouling to develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Naddeo
- a Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering , University of Salerno , Fisciano , (Sa) 84084 , Italy
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14
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Ma B, Yu W, Jefferson WA, Liu H, Qu J. Modification of ultrafiltration membrane with nanoscale zerovalent iron layers for humic acid fouling reduction. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 71:140-149. [PMID: 25613411 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) was layered onto ultrafiltration (UF) membrane surface and tested for antifouling properties using humic acid (HA). Scanning electron microscopy showed that a relatively homogeneous layer was formed across the membrane surface by NZVI particles. Strong adhesion was observed between NZVI and UF membrane used. HA was significantly removed and membrane flux was increased in the presence of NZVI layer. Increased loadings of NZVI onto the membrane surface increased resistance to fouling while slightly reducing the clean water permeability of the membrane. However, the pore size of the layer formed by pristine NZVI was large, resulting in more chances of HA molecules getting to the membrane surface even blocking the membrane pores at the beginning. Membrane loaded with NZVI layer performed much better under acidic conditions. During NZVI synthesis, specific surface area of NZVI particle increased with increasing the ratio of ethanol (Vethanol/Vsolution), which also gradually decreased the average pore size of NZVI layer. As a result, the corresponding membrane flux steadily increased. Additionally, the results for permeate samples under different conditions showed that large molecular weight (MW, >30 kDa) and medium MW HA molecules (3-30 kDa) were removed much faster than those of small MW HA molecules (<3 kDa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiwen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - William A Jefferson
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Cai Z, Wee C, Benjamin MM. Fouling mechanisms in low-pressure membrane filtration in the presence of an adsorbent cake layer. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Khan MMT, Takizawa S, Lewandowski Z, Habibur Rahman M, Komatsu K, Nelson SE, Kurisu F, Camper AK, Katayama H, Ohgaki S. Combined effects of EPS and HRT enhanced biofouling on a submerged and hybrid PAC-MF membrane bioreactor. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:747-757. [PMID: 23218247 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to quantify and demonstrate the dynamic effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic carbon and various components of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microorganisms on the performance of submersed hollow-fiber microfiltration (MF) membrane in a hybrid powdered activated carbon (PAC)-MF membrane bioreactor (MBR). The reactors were operated continuously for 45 days to treat surface (river) water before and after pretreatment using a biofiltration unit. The real-time levels of organic carbon and the major components of EPS including five different carbohydrates (D(+) glucose and D(+) mannose, D(+) galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-galactose, oligosaccharides and L(-) fucose), proteins, and polysaccharides were quantified in the influent water, foulants, and in the bulk phases of different reactors. The presence of PAC extended the filtration cycle and enhanced the organic carbon adsorption and removal more than two fold. Biological filtration improved the filtrate quality and decreased membrane fouling. However, HRT influenced the length of the filtration cycle and had less effect on organic carbon and EPS component removal and/or biodegradation. The abundance of carbohydrates in the foulants on MF surfaces was more than 40 times higher than in the bulk phase, which demonstrates that the accumulation of carbohydrates on membrane surfaces contributed to the increase in transmembrane pressure significantly and PAC was not a potential adsorbent of carbohydrates. The abundance of N-acetyl-d-galactosamine and d-galactose was the highest in the foulants on membranes receiving biofilter-treated river water. Most of the biological fouling compounds were produced inside the reactors due to biodegradation. PAC inside the reactor enhanced the biodegradation of polysaccharides up to 97% and that of proteins by more than 95%. This real-time extensive and novel study demonstrates that the PAC-MF hybrid MBR is a sustainable technology for treating river water.
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Abbasi M, Reza Sebzari M, Mohammadi T. Enhancement of Oily Wastewater Treatment by Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes using Powder Activated Carbon. Chem Eng Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Khan MMT, Takizawa S, Lewandowski Z, Jones WL, Camper AK, Katayama H, Kurisu F, Ohgaki S. Membrane fouling due to dynamic particle size changes in the aerated hybrid PAC–MF system. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Cai Z, Kim J, Benjamin MM. NOM removal by adsorption and membrane filtration using heated aluminum oxide particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:619-623. [PMID: 18284172 DOI: 10.1021/es7021285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Heated aluminum oxide particles (HAOPs) are a newly synthesized adsorbent with attractive properties for use in hybrid adsorption/membrane filtration systems. This study compared removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from water by adsorption onto HAOPs with that by adsorption onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) or coagulation with alum or ferric chloride (FeCl3); explored the overlap between the NOM molecules that preferentially adsorb to HAOPs and those that are removed by the more conventional approaches; and evaluated NOM removal and fouling in hybrid adsorbent/membrane systems. For equivalent molar doses of the trivalent metals, HAOPs remove more NOM, and NOM with higher SUVA254, than alum or FeCl3. Most of the HAOPs-nonadsorbable fraction of the NOM can be adsorbed by PAC; in fact, that fraction appears to be preferentially adsorbed compared to the average NOM in untreated water. Predeposition of the adsorbents on a microfiltration membrane improves system performance. For the water tested, at a flux of 100 L/m2-hr, predeposition of 11 mg/L PAC and 5 mg/L HAOPs (as Al3+) allowed the system to operate 5 times as long before the transmembrane pressure increased by 1 psi and to remove 10-20 times as much NOM as when no adsorbents were added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiao Cai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-2700, USA
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Qiu J, Xu L, Peng J, Zhai M, Zhao L, Li J, Wei G. Effect of activated carbon on the properties of carboxymethylcellulose/activated carbon hybrid hydrogels synthesized by γ-radiation technique. Carbohydr Polym 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fabris R, Lee EK, Chow CW, Chen V, Drikas M. Pre-treatments to reduce fouling of low pressure micro-filtration (MF) membranes. J Memb Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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