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Manna E, Barai M, Mandal MK, Sultana H, Guchhait KC, Gawali SL, Aswal VK, Ghosh C, Patra A, Misra AK, Yusa SI, Hassan PA, Panda AK. Impact of Ionic Liquids on the Physicochemical Behavior of Vesicles. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38959082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The effects of two ionic liquids (ILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF4) and 1-butyl-1-methyl pyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate ([bmp]BF4), on a mixture of phospholipids (PLs) 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE), and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DPPG) (6:3:1, M/M/M, 70% PL) in combination with 30 mol % cholesterol (CHOL) were investigated in the form of a solvent-spread monolayer and bilayer (vesicle). Surface pressure (π)-area (A) isotherm studies, using a Langmuir surface balance, revealed the formation of an expanded monolayer, while the cationic moiety of the IL molecules could electrostatically and hydrophobically bind to the PLs on the palisade layer. Turbidity, dynamic light scattering (size, ζ-potential, and polydispersity index), electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray/neutron scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetric studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of IL on the structural organization of bilayer in the vesicles. The ILs could induce vesicle aggregation by acting as a "glue" at lower concentrations (<1.5 mM), while at higher concentrations, the ILs disrupt the bilayer structure. Besides, ILs could result in the thinning of the bilayer, evidenced from the scattering studies. Steady-state fluorescence anisotropy and lifetime studies suggest asymmetric insertion of ILs into the lipid bilayer. MTT assay using human blood lymphocytes indicates the safe application of vesicles in the presence of ILs, with a minimal toxicity of up to 2.5 mM IL in the dispersion. These results are proposed to have applications in the field of drug delivery systems with benign environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emili Manna
- Centre for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Manas Barai
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
- Chemistry of Interfaces Group, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Manas K Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Habiba Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Kartik C Guchhait
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Santosh L Gawali
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhaba Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Vinod K Aswal
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhaba Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Chandradipa Ghosh
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Anuttam Patra
- Chemistry of Interfaces Group, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ajay K Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry,Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | | | - Amiya K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
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Itoh T, Kamada K, Nokami T, Ikawa T, Yagi K, Ikegami S, Inoue R, DeYoung AD, Kim HJ. On the Moisture Absorption Capability of Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6134-6150. [PMID: 38874477 PMCID: PMC11215776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Due to their many attractive physicochemical properties, ionic liquids (ILs) have received extensive attention with numerous applications proposed in various fields of science and technology. Despite this, the molecular origins of many of their properties, such as the moisture absorption capability, are still not well understood. For insight into this, we systematically synthesized 24 types of ILs by the combination of the dimethyl phosphate anion with various types of alkyl group-substituted cyclic cations─imidazolium, pyrazolium, 1,2,3-triazolium, and 1,2,4-triazolium cations─and performed a detailed analysis of the dehumidification properties of these ILs and their aqueous solutions. It was found that these IL systems have a high dehumidification capability (DC). Among the monocationic ILs, the best performance was obtained with 1-cyclohexylmethyl-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium dimethyl phosphate, whose DC (per mol) value is 14 times higher than that of popular solid desiccants like CaCl2 and silica gel. Dicationic ILs, such as 1,1'-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium) bis(dimethyl phosphate), showed an even better moisture absorption, with a DC (per mol) value about 20 times higher than that of CaCl2. Small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements of eight types of 1,2,4-triazolium dimethyl phosphate ILs were performed and revealed that the majority of these ILs form nanostructures. Such nanostructures, which vary with the identity of the IL and the water content, fall into three main categories: bicontinuous microemulsions, hexagonal cylinders, and micelle-like structures. Water in the solutions exists primarily in polar regions in the nanostructures; these spaces function as water pockets at relatively low water concentrations. Since the structure and stability of the aggregated forms of the ILs are mainly governed by the interactions of nonpolar groups, the alkyl side chains of the cations play an important role in the DC and temperature-dependent equilibrium water vapor pressure of the IL solutions. Our experimental findings and molecular dynamics simulation results shed light on the moisture absorption mechanism of the IL aqueous solutions from a molecular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Itoh
- Toyota
Physical and Chemical Research Institute, 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kamada
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Taiji Ikawa
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yagi
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Shuji Ikegami
- Technology
and Innovation Center, Daikin Industries,
Ltd., 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu, Osaka 566-8585, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Technology
and Innovation Center, Daikin Industries,
Ltd., 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu, Osaka 566-8585, Japan
| | - Andrew D. DeYoung
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hyung J. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Kumar S, Kaur N, Hitaishi P, Ghosh SK, Mithu VS, Scheidt HA. Role of Cholesterol in Interaction of Ionic Liquids with Model Lipid Membranes and Associated Permeability. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5407-5418. [PMID: 38795045 PMCID: PMC11163423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we explored how the amount of cholesterol in the lipid membrane composed of phosphatidylcholine (POPC) or phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) affects the interaction with 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C12MIM]+Br-) ionic liquids using various biophysical techniques. On interacting with the membrane, [C12MIM]+Br- leads to enhanced membrane permeability and induces membrane fusion, leading to an increase in vesicle size. The 2H-based solid-state NMR investigations of cholesterol-containing lipid membranes reveal that [C12MIM]+Br- decreases the lipid chain order parameters and counteracts the lipid condensation effect of cholesterol to some extent. Therefore, as the amount of cholesterol in the membrane increases, the membrane effect of [C12MIM]+Br- decreases. The effect of [C12MIM]+Br- on the membrane properties is more pronounced for POPC compared to that of POPG membranes. This suggests a dependence of these effects on the electrostatic interactions, indicating that the influence of [C12MIM]+Br- varies based on the lipid composition. The findings suggest that the presence of cholesterol can modulate the effect of [C12MIM]+Br- on membrane properties, with variations observed between POPC and POPG membranes, highlighting the importance of lipid composition. In short, this study provides insights into the intricate interplay between cholesterol, the lipid membrane, and the ionic liquid [C12MIM]+Br-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Navleen Kaur
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Prashant Hitaishi
- Department
of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence, NH91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Greater Noida 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sajal Kumar Ghosh
- Department
of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence, NH91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Greater Noida 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Venus Singh Mithu
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Holger A. Scheidt
- Institute
for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig
University, Leipzig 04107, Germany
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Novello E, Scalzo G, D’Agata G, Raucci MG, Ambrosio L, Soriente A, Tomasello B, Restuccia C, Parafati L, Consoli GML, Ferreri L, Rescifina A, Zagni C, Zampino DC. Synthesis, Characterisation, and In Vitro Evaluation of Biocompatibility, Antibacterial and Antitumor Activity of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:642. [PMID: 38794304 PMCID: PMC11125126 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, ionic liquids (ILs) have garnered research interest for their noteworthy properties, such as thermal stability, low or no flammability, and negligible vapour pressure. Moreover, their tunability offers limitless opportunities to design ILs with properties suitable for applications in many industrial fields. This study aims to synthetise two series of methylimidazolium ILs bearing long alkyl chain in their cations (C9, C10, C12, C14, C16, C18, C20) and with tetrafluoroborate (BF4) and the 1,3-dimethyl-5-sulfoisophthalate (DMSIP) as counter ions. The ILs were characterised using 1H-NMR and MALDI-TOF, and their thermal behaviour was investigated through DSC and TGA. Additionally, the antimicrobial, anticancer, and cytotoxic activities of the ILs were analysed. Moreover, the most promising ILs were incorporated at different concentrations (0.5, 1, 5 wt%) into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by solvent casting to obtain antimicrobial blend films. The thermal properties and stability of the resulting PVC/IL films, along with their hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, IL surface distribution, and release, were studied using DSC and TGA, contact angle (CA), SEM, and UV-vis spectrometry, respectively. Furthermore, the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of blends were analysed. The in vitro results demonstrated that the antimicrobial and antitumor activities of pure ILs against t Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens strains, and the breast cancer cell line (MCF7), respectively, were mainly dependent on their structure. These activities were higher in the series containing the BF4 anion and increased with the increase in the methylimidazolium cation alkyl chain length. However, the elongation of the alkyl chain beyond C16 induced a decrease in antimicrobial activity, indicating a cut-off effect. A similar trend was also observed in terms of in vitro biocompatibility. The loading of both the series of ILs into the PVC matrix did not affect the thermal stability of PVC blend films. However, their Tonset decreased with increased IL concentration and alkyl chain length. Similarly, both the series of PVC/IL films became more hydrophilic with increasing IL concentration and alkyl chain. The loading of ILs at 5% concentration led to considerable IL accumulation on the blend film surfaces (as observed in SEM images) and, subsequently, their higher release. The biocompatibility assessment with healthy human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and the investigation of antitumoral properties unveiled promising pharmacological characteristics. These findings provide strong support for the potential utilisation of ILs in biomedical applications, especially in the context of cancer therapy and as antibacterial agents to address the challenge of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the unique properties of the PVC/IL films make them versatile materials for advancing healthcare technologies, from drug delivery to tissue engineering and antimicrobial coatings to diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Novello
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)—CNR, Section of Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (E.N.); (G.S.); (G.D.); (D.C.Z.)
| | - Giuseppina Scalzo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)—CNR, Section of Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (E.N.); (G.S.); (G.D.); (D.C.Z.)
| | - Giovanni D’Agata
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)—CNR, Section of Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (E.N.); (G.S.); (G.D.); (D.C.Z.)
| | - Maria G. Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)—CNR, Section of Napoli, Viale J.F. Kennedy n.54, Pad.20, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (L.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)—CNR, Section of Napoli, Viale J.F. Kennedy n.54, Pad.20, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (L.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandra Soriente
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)—CNR, Section of Napoli, Viale J.F. Kennedy n.54, Pad.20, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (L.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Cristina Restuccia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Lucia Parafati
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Grazia M. L. Consoli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB)-CNR, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (G.M.L.C.); (L.F.)
| | - Loredana Ferreri
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB)-CNR, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (G.M.L.C.); (L.F.)
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Chiara Zagni
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Daniela C. Zampino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)—CNR, Section of Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (E.N.); (G.S.); (G.D.); (D.C.Z.)
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Benedetto A. Ionic liquids meet lipid bilayers: a state-of-the-art review. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1909-1939. [PMID: 38192351 PMCID: PMC10771448 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past 25 years, a vast family of complex organic salts known as room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) has received increasing attention due to their potential applications. ILs are composed by an organic cation and either an organic or inorganic anion, and possess several intriguing properties such as low vapor pressure and being liquid around room temperature. Several biological studies flagged their moderate-to-high (cyto)-toxicity. Toxicity is, however, also a synonym of affinity, and this boosted a series of biophysical and chemical-physical investigations aimed at exploiting ILs in bio-nanomedicine, drug-delivery, pharmacology, and bio-nanotechnology. Several of these investigations focused on the interaction between ILs and lipid membranes, aimed at determining the microscopic mechanisms behind their interaction. This is the focus of this review work. These studies have been carried out on a variety of different lipid bilayer systems ranging from 1-lipid to 5-lipids systems, and also on cell-extracted membranes. They have been carried out at different chemical-physical conditions and by the use of a number of different approaches, including atomic force microscopy, neutron and X-ray scattering, dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, surface quartz microbalance, nuclear magnetic resonance, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. The aim of this "2023 Michèle Auger Award" review work is to provide the reader with an up-to-date overview of this fascinating research field where "ILs meet lipid bilayers (aka biomembranes)," with the aim to boost it further and expand its cross-disciplinary edges towards novel high-impact ideas/applications in pharmacology, drug delivery, biomedicine, and bio-nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Benedetto
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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Mitra S, Sharma VK, Ghosh SK. Effects of ionic liquids on biomembranes: A review on recent biophysical studies. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 256:105336. [PMID: 37586678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been emerged as a versatile class of compounds that can be easily tuned to achieve desirable properties for various applications. The ability of ILs to interact with biomembranes has attracted significant interest, as they have been shown to modulate membrane properties in ways that may have implications for various biological processes. This review provides an overview of recent studies that have investigated the interaction between ILs and biomembranes. We discuss the effects of ILs on the physical and chemical properties of biomembranes, including changes in membrane fluidity, permeability, and stability. We also explore the mechanisms underlying the interaction of ILs with biomembranes, such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. Additionally, we discuss the future prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Mitra
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
| | - Veerendra K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Sajal K Ghosh
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
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7
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Defeat undefeatable: ionic liquids as novel antimicrobial agents. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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9
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Kumar S, Fischer M, Kaur N, Scheidt HA, Mithu VS. Impact of Lipid Ratio on the Permeability of Mixed Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylglycerol Membranes in the Presence of 1-Dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2021; 126:174-183. [PMID: 34965130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the impact of the lipid ratio on the membrane permeability of mixed phosphatidylcholine (POPC)/phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) membranes induced by 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C12MIM]+Br-) ionic liquid by evaluating the role of affinity and architecture of the phospholipid bilayer. Nine different model membranes composed of negatively charged POPG and zwitterionic POPC lipids mixed in molar ratios of 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 3:7, 2:8, and 1:9 have been studied. The membrane permeability of each composition has been evaluated using fluorescence-based dye leakage assays. Despite having the highest membrane affinity, POPG-rich membranes doped with 10 and 20 mol % POPC are found to be the least permeable. 31P- and 2H-based solid-state NMR investigations reveal that the minor POPC component is homogeneously dispersed in the PG/PC (8:2) membrane. In contrast, the lipids seem to be segregated into POPG- and POPC-rich domains in the complementary PG/PC (2:8) composition. Although [C12MIM]+ cations have a stronger interaction with the POPG component in the mixed membranes, their insertion has a limited impact on the overall structure and dynamics of the PG/PC (8:2) composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04109, Germany
| | - Navleen Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Holger A Scheidt
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04109, Germany
| | - Venus Singh Mithu
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
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10
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Kaneko K, Nakazato A, Ishikawa A, Kaneko N, Yashita A, Akamatsu M, Sakai K, Sakai H. Interaction between Hydrophilic Ionic Liquid and Phospholipid/Cholesterol Mixed Film. J Oleo Sci 2021; 71:67-74. [PMID: 34880151 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface pressure (π)-area (A) isotherms were studied to analyze the interactions between a hydrophilic ionic liquid (IL) (ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium methanesulfonate) and a pure dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) film or a DPPC-cholesterol mixed film. When the hydrophilic IL was added to an underlayer solution, the isotherm shifted toward higher areas. Intriguingly, when the hydrophilic IL was added, the packing of the film materials became loose and the elastic modulus decreased, resulting in increased flexibility. This phenomenon was most evident under a cholesterol mole fraction of 0.2. This composition resembles that of cell membranes, which typically comprise phospholipids and cholesterol, suggesting that this hydrophilic IL may be able to interact significantly with biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Kaneko
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science.,Miyoshi Oil & Fat Co., Ltd
| | - Aki Nakazato
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Akihiro Ishikawa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | | | | | - Masaaki Akamatsu
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kenichi Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science.,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science.,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
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Čobanov I, Tot A, Gadžurić S, Maksimović I, Putnik-Delić M, Daničić M, Bešter-Rogač M, Vraneš M. Influence of structural changes of cation and anion on phytotoxicity of selected surface active ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Kaur N, Kumar S, Shiksha, Gahlay GK, Mithu VS. Cytotoxicity and Membrane Permeability of Double-Chained 1,3-Dialkylimidazolium Cations in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3613-3621. [PMID: 33818103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated ionic liquids based on double-chained 1-alkyl-3-octylimidazolium cations ([CnC8IM]+, n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) for their cytotoxicity toward various cell lines. The toxicity of ionic liquids was correlated to their ability to partition into and permeabilize phosphocholine (POPC)- or phosphoglycerol (POPG)-based large unilamellar vesicles. Membrane partitioning of ionic liquids was assessed using the ζ-potential measurements, and membrane permeability was determined using fluorescence-based dye leakage assays. Both cytotoxicity and membrane permeability of these ILs were found to increase in a sigmoidal fashion with increasing chain length on the N1 atom (n in [CnC8IM]+) cations. These results were compared with those for ionic liquids based on single-chained 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations ([Cn+8C1IM]+), carrying a similar number of carbon atoms but as a single alkyl chain. Our studies show that ionic liquids containing double-chained cations are relatively less cytotoxic and membrane-permeabilizing than the cations bearing a single long alkyl chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navleen Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Shiksha
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Gagandeep Kaur Gahlay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Venus Singh Mithu
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.,Department of NMR Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Guo J, Cao G, Ren Q, Xu H, Ren X, Jia H, Hua L, Wei T, Yu S. Effects of ionic liquid [N 4444] AOT on rice seedling growth cytomembrane damage and rhizobacteria resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13487-13494. [PMID: 33184785 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are solvents composed of ions, containing a large asymmetric cation with an anion. With increasing and widespread applications, the toxic effects of ILs have been considerable in recent years. This study explained the effects of the new functional ionic liquids [N4444] bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfonyl succinate (AOT) on rice seedling and the growth of rhizobacteria. The rice seeds pretreated by [N4444] AOT revealed that it exhibited a significant negative impact on rice seedlings. The inhibition of rice growth increased with increasing concentration. When the concentration of [N4444] AOT increased to 0.25 and 0.5 mL L-1, the germination potential decreased by 40.0% and 86.3%, respectively, compared with the control. The germination potential and germination rate of rice were reduced, and the stress effect of ionic liquid on the root parts was higher than the aerial parts. The biomass of rice seedlings was decreased by 34.8 to 91.2%. Iodinic propane staining showed that by increasing concentration, the root cell cytomembrane damage level was increased and also changed the cell shapes, especially under 0.25 mg L-1 concentration stress. However, rhizobacteria of rice showed strong [N4444] AOT-resistant characteristics when the concentration was reached to 120 mg L-1. The ILs even more promoted the growth of Enterobacter sp. NP1142 and Pantoea sp. BR23. It was indicated that IL [N4444] AOT can be degraded easily by rhizobacteria to eliminate the eco-risk of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Geng Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglei Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hua
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Gupta R, Singh A, Srihari V, Ghosh SK. Ionic Liquid-Induced Phase-Separated Domains in Lipid Multilayers Probed by X-ray Scattering Studies. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4977-4987. [PMID: 33644605 PMCID: PMC7905935 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A cellular membrane, primarily a lipid bilayer, surrounds the internal components of a biological cell from the external components. This self-assembled bilayer is known to be perturbed by ionic liquids (ILs) causing malfunctioning of a cellular organism. In the present study, surface-sensitive X-ray scattering techniques have been employed to understand this structural perturbation in a lipid multilayer system formed by a zwitterionic phospholipid, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The ammonium and phosphonium-based ILs with methanesulfonate anions are observed to induce phase-separated domains in the plane of a bilayer. The lamellar X-ray diffraction peaks suggest these domains to correlate across the bilayers in a smectic liquid crystalline phase. This induced IL-rich lamellar phase has a very low lamellar repeat distance, suggesting the formation of an interdigitated bilayer. The IL-poor phase closely related to the pristine lipid phase shows a decrement in the in-plane chain lattice parameters with a reduced tilt angle. The ammonium and phosphonium-based ILs with a relatively bulky anion, p-toluenemethanesulfonate, have shown a similar effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Gupta
- Department
of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH 92, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Arnab Singh
- Surface
Physics and Material Science Division, Saha
Institute of Nuclear Physics, AF Block, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Velaga Srihari
- High
Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sajal K. Ghosh
- Department
of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH 92, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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16
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Role of cationic head-group in cytotoxicity of ionic liquids: Probing changes in bilayer architecture using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 581:954-963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Pennathur AK, Voegtle MJ, Menachekanian S, Dawlaty JM. Strong Propensity of Ionic Liquids in Their Aqueous Solutions for an Organic-Modified Metal Surface. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:7500-7507. [PMID: 32786711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding ionic structure and electrostatic environments near a surface has both fundamental and practical value. In electrochemistry, especially when room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are involved, the complex ionic structure near the interface is expected to crucially influence reactions. Here we report evidence that even in dilute aqueous solutions of several ILs, the ions aggregate near the surface in ways that are qualitatively different from simple electrolytes. We have used a vibrational probe molecule, 4-mercaptobenzonitrile (MBN), tethered to a metal surface to monitor the behavior of the ionic layers. The characteristic nitrile vibrational frequency of this molecule has distinct values in the presence of pure water (∼2232 cm-1) and pure IL (for example, ∼2226 cm-1 for ethylmethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [EMIM][BF4]). This difference reflects the local electrostatic field and the hydrogen-bonding variations between these two limiting cases. We tracked this frequency shift as a function of IL concentration in water all the way from pure water to pure IL. We report two important findings. First, only one nitrile peak is observed for the entire concentration range, indicating that at least on the length scale of the probe molecule water and ILs do not phase separate within the interface, and no heterogeneously distinct electrostatic environments are formed. Second, and more importantly, we find that even up to a significant mole fraction of bulk water (x ∼ 0.95), the nitrile frequency does not change from that indicative of a pure IL for [EMIM][BF4], indicating preferential aggregation of the ions near the surface. Because this behavior is very similar to surfactants, we chose an imidazolium cation with a longer side chain which resulted in behavior expected from a surfactant, with a preferential layer of the ions on the surface even in dilute water solutions (x ∼ 0.995). This observation indicates that even those ILs that are not nominally categorized as surfactants have a strong tendency to aggregate at the surface. Because ILs serve as electrolytes in a range of electrochemical reactions, including those requiring water, our results are likely useful for mechanistic understanding and tuning of such reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj K Pennathur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Matthew J Voegtle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Sevan Menachekanian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Jahan M Dawlaty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
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18
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Ezzat AO, Atta AM, Al-Lohedan HA, Aldalbahi A. New amphiphilic pyridinium ionic liquids for demulsification of water Arabic heavy crude oil emulsions. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Hay WT, Fanta GF, Rich J, Evans KO, Skory CD, Selling GW. Antimicrobial properties of amylose-fatty ammonium salt inclusion complexes. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Bakshi K, Mitra S, Sharma VK, Jayadev MSK, Sakai VG, Mukhopadhyay R, Gupta A, Ghosh SK. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids cause mammalian cell death due to modulated structures and dynamics of cellular membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Mitra S, Das R, Singh A, Mukhopadhyay MK, Roy G, Ghosh SK. Surface Activities of a Lipid Analogue Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid and Its Effects on Phospholipid Membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:328-339. [PMID: 31826620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
There are great efforts of synthesizing imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) for developing new antibiotics as these molecules have shown strong antibacterial activities. Compared to a single-hydrocarbon-chained IL, the lipid analogues (LAs) with two chains are more effective. In the present study, the LA molecule MeIm(COOH)Me(Oleylamine)Iodide has been synthesized and its surface activities along with the effectiveness in restructuring of a model cellular membrane have been quantified. The molecule is found to be highly surface active as estimated from the area-pressure isotherm of a monolayer of the molecules formed at the air-water interface. The X-ray reflectivity (XRR) studies of a monolayer dip-coated on a hydrophilic substrate have shown the structural properties of the layer which resembles to those of unsaturated phospholipids. The LA molecules are observed to fluidize a phospholipid bilayer formed by the saturated lipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). At a lower surface pressure, the lipid monolayer of DPPC has exhibited a thickening effect at a low concentration of added LA and a thinning effect at higher concentration. However, at a high surface pressure of the monolayer, the thickness is found to decrease monotonically. The in-plane pressure-dependent interaction of LA molecules with model cellular membrane and the corresponding perturbation in the structure and physical properties of the membrane may be linked to the strong lysing effect of these types of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Singh
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , AF Block, Bidhannagar , Kolkata 700064 , India
| | - M K Mukhopadhyay
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , AF Block, Bidhannagar , Kolkata 700064 , India
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22
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Susceptibility of biomembrane structure towards amphiphiles, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents. ADVANCES IN BIOMEMBRANES AND LIPID SELF-ASSEMBLY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.abl.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Kumar S, Kaur N, Mithu VS. Amphiphilic ionic liquid induced fusion of phospholipid liposomes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25255-25263. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04014b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of increasing concentration of imidazolium-based ionic liquids ([CnMIM]+[Br]−) on the structural integrity of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) made of pure phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Navleen Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Venus Singh Mithu
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
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24
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Kumar S, Scheidt HA, Kaur N, Kang TS, Gahlay GK, Huster D, Mithu VS. Effect of the Alkyl Chain Length of Amphiphilic Ionic Liquids on the Structure and Dynamics of Model Lipid Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12215-12223. [PMID: 31424219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We compare the biophysical and structural aspects of the interaction of amphiphilic ionic liquids containing 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation ([CnMIM]+, n = 8, 12, or 16) with membranes composed of zwitterionic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) or anionic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-glycerol (POPG). Liposome affinity and permeabilization were determined using ζ-potential and fluorescence studies, correlated with the cytoxicity of [CnMIM]+Br- toward HeLa cell lines. Membrane affinity is strongest in the case of [C16MIM]+Br- followed by [C12MIM]+Br- and [C8MIM]+Br- for both membranes, and trends remained the same in the case of membrane permeability and cytotoxicity. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy was used to localize [CnMIM]+ inside the lipid bilayers and to study their impact on the head group and acyl chain structures and dynamics of the lipid molecules. The charged ring moiety of the [CnMIM]+ is localized in the lipid-water interface of the membranes irrespective of the chain length and membrane surface charge. While [C8MIM]+ binds the membrane most weakly, it induces the largest disorder in the lipid chain region. A lack of fast flip-flop motions of the amphiphiles in the case of long chain [C16MIM]+ is suggested to render the membrane unstable, which increases its permeability. Between the lipid molecules, the POPC membrane incurs larger disorder in lipid chain packing upon insertion of [CnMIM]+ molecules. The study provides structural details of the impact of increasing chain lengths in [CnMIM]+ on the structural properties of lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger A Scheidt
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik , Leipzig University , Leipzig 04109 , Germany
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Huster
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik , Leipzig University , Leipzig 04109 , Germany
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25
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Acharyya A, DiGiuseppi D, Stinger BL, Schweitzer-Stenner R, Vaden TD. Structural Destabilization of Azurin by Imidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6933-6945. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arusha Acharyya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David DiGiuseppi
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32 S. 32nd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brittany L. Stinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Reinhard Schweitzer-Stenner
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32 S. 32nd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Timothy D. Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
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26
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Correlating Lipid Membrane Permeabilities of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids with their Cytotoxicities on Yeast, Bacterial, and Mammalian Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060251. [PMID: 31242711 PMCID: PMC6627299 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkyl-imidazolium chloride ionic liquids (ILs) have been broadly studied for biochemical and biomedical technologies. They can permeabilize lipid bilayer membranes and have cytotoxic effects, which makes them targets for drug delivery biomaterials. We assessed the lipid-membrane permeabilities of ILs with increasing alkyl chain lengths from ethyl to octyl groups on large unilamellar vesicles using a trapped-fluorophore fluorescence lifetime-based leakage experiment. Only the most hydrophobic IL, with the octyl chain, permeabilizes vesicles, and the concentration required for permeabilization corresponds to its critical micelle concentration. To correlate the model vesicle studies with biological cells, we quantified the IL permeabilities and cytotoxicities on different cell lines including bacterial, yeast, and ovine blood cells. The IL permeabilities on vesicles strongly correlate with permeabilities and minimum inhibitory concentrations on biological cells. Despite exhibiting a broad range of lipid compositions, the ILs appear to have similar effects on the vesicles and cell membranes.
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27
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Charged phospholipid effects on AAPH oxidation assay as determined using liposomes. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 220:49-56. [PMID: 30796887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of molecules to inhibit oxidation is widely tested using liposomes as host matrices of the antioxidant molecule of interest. Spectroscopic assays are readily used for this purpose, specifically assays using 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH). In this work the effect that charged lipids have on an AAPH antioxidation assay using 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid (C11-BODIPY® 581/591) as the reporter molecule was investigated. We measured the diameter, zeta potential and spectroscopic rate of decay and area-under-the-curve (AUC) associated with liposomes containing C11-BODIPY® 581/591 at varying molar percentages (0-10 mol%) of charged (cationic or anionic) lipids and compared the results. We showed that although increasing amounts of cationic or anionic lipids did change the diameter of the liposomes, size had little to no effect on the area-under-the-curve or decay rate of fluorescence. Increased (more positive) or decreased (more negative) zeta potentials did, on the other hand, affect the spectroscopic decay rates and area-under-the-curve. The results demonstrate the importance of considering the presence of charged lipids in the AAPH antioxidation assay.
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28
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Galluzzi M, Schulte C, Milani P, Podestà A. Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Affect Morphology and Rigidity of Living Cells: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12452-12462. [PMID: 30213187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The study of the toxicity, biocompatibility, and environmental sustainability of room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) is still in its infancy. Understanding the impact of ILs on living organisms, especially from the aquatic ecosystem, is urgent, since large amounts of these substances are starting to be employed as solvents in industrial chemical processes, and on the other side, evidence of toxic effects of ILs on microorganisms and single cells have been observed. To date, the toxicity of ILs has been investigated by means of macroscopic assays aimed at characterizing the effective concentrations (like the EC50) that cause the death of a significant fraction of the population of microorganisms and cells. These studies allow us to identify the cell membrane as the first target of the IL interaction, whose effectiveness was correlated to the lipophilicity of the cation, i.e., to the length of the lateral alkyl chain. Our study aimed at investigating the molecular mechanisms underpinning the interaction of ILs with living cells. To this purpose, we carried out a combined topographic and mechanical analysis by atomic force microscopy of living breast metastatic cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) upon interaction with imidazolium-based ILs. We showed that ILs are able to induce modifications of the overall rigidity (effective Young's modulus) and morphology of the cells. Our results demonstrate that ILs act on the physical properties of the outer cell layer (the membrane linked to the actin cytoskeleton), already at concentrations below the EC50. These potentially toxic effects are stronger at higher IL concentrations, as well as with longer lateral chains in the cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Galluzzi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong , China
- C.I.Ma.I.Na and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli" , Università degli Studi di Milano , via Celoria 16 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Carsten Schulte
- C.I.Ma.I.Na and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli" , Università degli Studi di Milano , via Celoria 16 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- C.I.Ma.I.Na and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli" , Università degli Studi di Milano , via Celoria 16 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- C.I.Ma.I.Na and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli" , Università degli Studi di Milano , via Celoria 16 , 20133 Milano , Italy
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29
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Meynaq MYK, Lindholm-Sethson B, Tesfalidet S. Interaction of anions with lipid cubic phase membranes, an electrochemical impedance study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 528:263-270. [PMID: 29859451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is useful to monitor anionic interactions with a Lipid Cubic Phase, as previously demonstrated for cationic interaction (Khani Meynaq et al., 2016). It was expected that the smaller hydrophilic anions, acetate and chloride, would interact differently than the large tryptophan anion with its hydrophobic tail. EXPERIMENT The impedance measurements enabled estimation of resistances and capacitances of a freestanding lipid cubic phase membrane at exposure to 4 and 40 mM solutions of NaCl, NaOAc and NaTrp. Small-angle X-ray scattering was used for cubic phase identification and to track structural changes within the cubic phase when exposed to the different electrolytes. FINDINGS The membrane resistance increases at exposure to the electrolytes in the order Cl- < OAc- < Trp-. The membrane resistance decreases with time at exposure to the hydrophilic anions and increases with time at Trp- exposure. The membrane capacitances were lower for NaTrp compared to NaCl and NaOAc at the corresponding concentrations which is consistent with the results from SAXRD. It is concluded that Trp- ions do not enter the aqueous channels of the cubic phase but are strongly adsorbed to the membrane/electrolyte interface leading to large alteration of the lipid phase structure and a high membrane resistance.
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30
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Tsarpali V, Dailianis S. [omim][BF 4]-mediated toxicity in mussel hemocytes includes its interaction with cellular membrane proteins. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 203:88-94. [PMID: 30099324 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study is based on the increasing demand for the assessment of ionic liquid (IL)-mediated aquatic toxicity. Specifically, although a lot of studies have been performed so far, investigating IL-mediated adverse effects on numerous aquatic organisms, little is known about their mode of action. Given that the use of in vitro models is considered as a reliable tool for determining the mediated biological effects, the modulation of specific biochemical pathways and the onset of various forms of damage with great precision and reproducibility, mixed primary cultures of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes were used for investigating whether 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([omim][BF4]) mediated toxicity is related to its interaction with cellular membrane proteins. Specifically, [omim][BF4]-mediated cytotoxic, oxidative and genotoxic effects were investigated in mussel hemocytes before and after pre-treatment of cells with non-toxic concentration of guanidine hydrochloride (1 mM GndHCl). The results showed that [omim][BF4] at concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 1.75 μM can induce cytotoxic (almost <50% reduction of cell viability), oxidative (increased levels of O2•- production and lipid peroxidation by-products) and genotoxic (increased levels of DNA damage) effects, while cells pre-treated with 1 mM GndHCl showed a significant attenuation of IL's toxic potency in all cases. According to the latter, the current study showed that [omim][BF4]-mediated toxicity could be related not only to its well-known interaction with membrane lipid bilayers, but also to its interference with membrane proteins. Using GndHCl, a chaotropic agent that disrupts the hydrogen bonding network and the stability of membrane proteins via its interference with the intramolecular interactions mediated by non-covalent forces on cellular membranes, it was firstly shown that altering the membrane integrity as well as the native state of cellular membrane proteins, by weakening the hydrophobic effect, could attenuate the possible interaction of [omim][BF4] with cellular membranes and the concomitant induction of protein-based intracellular processes, commonly linked with the induction of severe cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsarpali
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26 500 Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26 500 Patras, Greece.
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31
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Benedetto A, Ballone P. Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids and Biomembranes: Setting the Stage for Applications in Pharmacology, Biomedicine, and Bionanotechnology. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9579-9597. [PMID: 29510045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Empirical evidence and conceptual elaboration reveal and rationalize the remarkable affinity of organic ionic liquids for biomembranes. Cations of the so-called room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), in particular, are readily absorbed into the lipid fraction of biomembranes, causing a variety of observable biological effects, including generic cytotoxicity, broad antibacterial potential, and anticancer activity. Chemical physics analysis of model systems made of phospholipid bilayers, RTIL ions, and water confirm and partially explain this evidence, quantifying the mild destabilizing effect of RTILs on the structural, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties of lipids in biomembranes. Our Feature Article presents a brief introduction to these systems and to their roles in biophysics and biotechnology, summarizing recent experimental and computational results on their properties. More importantly, it highlights the many developments in pharmacology, biomedicine, and bionanotechnology expected from the current research effort on this topic. To anticipate future developments, we speculate on (i) potential applications of (magnetic) RTILs to affect and control the rheology of cells and biological tissues, of great relevance for diagnostics and (ii) the use of RTILs to improve the durability, reliability, and output of biomimetic photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Benedetto
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering , Paul Scherrer Institute , Villigen 5232 , Switzerland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research , University College Dublin , Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Pietro Ballone
- Italian Institute of Technology , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
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Bhattacharya G, Giri RP, Dubey A, Mitra S, Priyadarshini R, Gupta A, Mukhopadhyay MK, Ghosh SK. Structural changes in cellular membranes induced by ionic liquids: From model to bacterial membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 215:1-10. [PMID: 29944866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have generated considerable attention recently because of their cytotoxicity and application as antibiotics. However, the mechanism of how they damage cell membranes is not currently well understood. In this paper, the antibacterial activities of two imidazolium-based ILs, namely 1-butyl- 3-methylimidazolium tetrafluroborate ([BMIM][BF4]) and 1-ethyl- 3-methylimidazolium tetrafluroborate ([EMIM][BF4]) have been investigated. The activity of [BMIM][BF4] on gram negative bacteria E. coli is observed to be stronger compared with the short chained [EMIM][BF4]. To explain this observation, the effects of these ILs on the self-assembled structures of model cellular membranes have been investigated. The in-plane elasticity of a monolayer formed at air-water interface by 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero- 3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipids was reduced in the presence of the ILs. The x-ray reflectivity studies on polymer supported lipid bilayer have shown the bilayer to shrink and correspondingly exhibit an increase in electron density. The presence of a certain mol% of negatively charged lipid, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DPPS), in DPPC mono- and bi-layers enhances the effect considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - R P Giri
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - A Dubey
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - S Mitra
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - R Priyadarshini
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - M K Mukhopadhyay
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - S K Ghosh
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India.
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Kumar S, Scheidt HA, Kaur N, Kaur A, Kang TS, Huster D, Mithu VS. Amphiphilic Ionic Liquid-Induced Membrane Permeabilization: Binding Is Not Enough. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6763-6770. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Holger A. Scheidt
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04109, Germany
| | - Navleen Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Anupreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Tejwant S. Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04109, Germany
| | - Venus S. Mithu
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
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Montalbán MG, Víllora G, Licence P. Ecotoxicity assessment of dicationic versus monocationic ionic liquids as a more environmentally friendly alternative. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 150:129-135. [PMID: 29272717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the reasons why ionic liquids have received growing interest from researchers is their environmentally interesting characteristics, such as their negligible vapour pressure and their good chemical and thermal properties. In particular, dicationic ionic liquids whose thermal and electrochemical stability is higher than that of monocationic ionic liquids have begun to gain attention during recent years. In this work, monocationic and dicationic ionic liquids were synthesized, characterized and tested for their toxicity, which was assessed using the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri. The results revealed that the toxicity of the ionic liquids mainly depends on the head groups and linkage chain length of their cationic structure. Introduction of a new cationic head decreased the EC50 (concentration which leads to 50% reduction in bioluminescence of the bacteria) of the ionic liquids. The results present a promising picture of dicationic ionic liquids as alternatives with lower environmental impact than their monocationic counterparts and underline the significance of designing particular structures for ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Montalbán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, Campus of Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - G Víllora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, Campus of Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - P Licence
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Gonçalves da Silva AMPS. Interaction of Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids with Lipids in Langmuir Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3797-3805. [PMID: 29518336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of two ionic liquids, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium dicyanamide, [P6 6 6 14][Ntf2] and [P6 6 6 14]/[N(CN)2], with several long-chained lipids with a different net charge at the hydrophilic group, a cationic surfactant, dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB), a zwitterionic phospholipid (DPPC), an anionic phospholipid (DPPG), and the neutral stearic acid (SA), was investigated at the air-water interface using the Langmuir trough technique. The experimental surface pressure-area (π- A) isotherms obtained for selected compositions of each binary system reveal distinct interfacial behavior. The degree and the nature of the IL-lipid interaction strongly depend on the charge distribution in the lipid polar group. Miscibility, or immiscibility, at the monolayer was inferred from the comparison of the experimental π- A isotherm with the theoretical curve calculated for the corresponding ideal mixture based on the π- A isotherms of the pure components. Phase separation and partial miscibility occurred in IL/DODAB and IL/DPPC systems, respectively. In both the IL/DPPG and the IL/SA systems, a new catanionic complex was found. For the IL/SA system, the catanionic complex formation varies with the subphase pH.
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Ruokonen SK, Sanwald C, Robciuc A, Hietala S, Rantamäki AH, Witos J, King AWT, Lämmerhofer M, Wiedmer SK. Correlation between Ionic Liquid Cytotoxicity and Liposome-Ionic Liquid Interactions. Chemistry 2018; 24:2669-2680. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suvi-Katriina Ruokonen
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Helsinki; A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Corinna Sanwald
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Alexandra Robciuc
- Helsinki Eye Lab, Ophthalmology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Haartmaninkatu 8 00290 Helsinki Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Helsinki; A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Antti H. Rantamäki
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Helsinki; A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Joanna Witos
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Helsinki; A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Alistair W. T. King
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Helsinki; A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Susanne K. Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Helsinki; A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland
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Mai NL, Koo YM. Whole-Cell Biocatalysis in Ionic Liquids. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 168:105-132. [PMID: 30488166 DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of whole-cell biocatalysis in ionic liquid (IL)-containing systems has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Compared to bioreactions catalyzed by isolated enzymes, the major advantage of using whole cells in biocatalytic processes is that the cells provide a natural intracellular environment for the enzymes to function with in situ cofactor regeneration. To date, the applications of whole-cell biocatalysis in IL-containing systems have focused on the production of valuable compounds, mainly through reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis, and transesterification reactions. The interaction mechanisms between the ILs and biocatalysts in whole-cell biocatalysis offer the possibility to effectively integrate ILs with biotransformation. This chapter discusses these interaction mechanisms between ILs and whole-cell catalysts. In addition, examples of whole-cell catalyzed reactions with ILs will also be discussed. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Lan Mai
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Mo Koo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.
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38
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Thamke VR, Tapase SR, Kodam KM. Evaluation of risk assessment of new industrial pollutant, ionic liquids on environmental living systems. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 125:237-248. [PMID: 28865373 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are much known for their promising alternative for volatile solvents in industries and gained popularity as a greener solvent, however industrial effluent discharge containing ILs are also increasing. There is a scarcity of information on the toxicity of ILs; the present study will explore different facts about their harmfulness. The toxic effects of five different ILs: [C4MIM]Br, [Hx3PC14]N(CN)2, [C10MIM]BF4, [BTDA]Cl and [C4MPY]Cl were analysed on bacteria, fungi, plant and animal cells. Both Gram positive and negative bacteria were found to be more susceptible to [C10MIM]BF4 and [BTDA]Cl than [C4MIM]Br, [Hx3PC14]N(CN)2 and [C4MPY]Cl, whereas fungi revealed quite a resistance to all ILs. All ILs were toxic towards Triticum aestivum affecting their roots and shoots, however [C10MIM]BF4 and [BTDA]Cl were more toxic amongst them. Studies on Allium cepa described their toxic behaviour at the genetic level by altering cell division and nuclear material. Furthermore, studies on human red blood cells described by % haemolysis in which [Hx3PC14]N(CN)2 and [BTDA]Cl exhibited higher toxicity at very lower concentrations. While the genotoxic effect on blood lymphocytes exerted by [Hx3PC14]N(CN)2, [C10MIM]BF4 and [BTDA]Cl confirmed their toxic effects on human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viresh R Thamke
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Savita R Tapase
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kisan M Kodam
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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Ostadjoo S, Berton P, Shamshina JL, Rogers RD. Scaling-Up Ionic Liquid-Based Technologies: How Much Do We Care About Their Toxicity? Prima Facie Information on 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate. Toxicol Sci 2017; 161:249-265. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Belavgeni A, Dailianis S. The role of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase (PI3-kinase) and respiratory burst enzymes in the [omim][BF 4]-mediated toxic mode of action in mussel hemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:144-153. [PMID: 28698124 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the role of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase (PI3-kinase) and respiratory burst enzymes, NADPH oxidase and NO synthase, in the 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([omim][BF4])-mediated toxic mode of action in mussel hemocytes. Specifically, cell viability (using the neutral red uptake assay) was primarily tested in hemocytes treated with different concentrations of [omim][BF4] (0.1-10 mg L-1) and thereafter [omim][BF4]-mediated oxidative (in terms of superoxide anions/O2- and nitric oxide/NO generation, as well as the enhancement of lipid peroxidation by-products, in terms of malondialdehyde/MDA) and genotoxic (in terms of DNA damage) effects were determined in hemocytes treated with 1 mg L-1 [omim][BF4]. Moreover, in order to investigate, even indirectly and non-entirely specific, the role of PI3-kinase, NADPH oxidase and NO synthase, the [omim][BF4]-mediated effects were also investigated in hemocytes pre-incubated with wortmannin (50 nM), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI 10 μM) and NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME 10 μM), respectively. The results showed that [omim][BF4] ability to enhance O2-, NO, MDA and DNA damage, via its interaction with cellular membranes, was significantly attenuated in the presence of each inhibitor in almost all cases. The current findings revealed for the first time that certain signaling molecules, such as PI3-kinase, as well as respiratory burst enzymes activation, such as NADPH oxidase and NO synthase, could merely attribute to the [omim][BF4]-mediated mode of action, thus enriching our knowledge for the molecular mechanisms of ILs toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Belavgeni
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, Patras GR-26 500, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, Patras GR-26 500, Greece.
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Hanna SL, Huang JL, Swinton AJ, Caputo GA, Vaden TD. Synergistic effects of polymyxin and ionic liquids on lipid vesicle membrane stability and aggregation. Biophys Chem 2017; 227:1-7. [PMID: 28526567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated for potential antibacterial and antibiotic applications due to their ability to destabilize and permeabilize the lipid bilayers in cell membranes. Bacterial assays have shown that combining ILs with antibiotics can provide a synergistic enhancement of their antibacterial activities. We have characterized the mechanism by which the conventional ILs 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMICl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIBF4) enhance the lipid membrane permeabilization of the well-known antibiotic polymyxin B (PMB). We studied the sizes and membrane permeabilities of multilamellar and unilamellar lipid bilayer vesicles in the presence of ILs alone in aqueous solution, PMB alone, and ILs combined together with PMB. Light scattering-based experiments show that vesicle sizes dramatically increase when ILs are combined with PMB, which suggests that the materials combine to synergistically enhance lipid membrane disruption leading to vesicle aggregation. Lipid bilayer leakage experiments using tris (2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) (Ru(bpy)32+) trapped in lipid vesicles, in which the trapped Ru(bpy)32+ fluorescence lifetime increases when it leaks out of the vesicle, show that combining BMIBF4 and PMB together permeabilize the membrane significantly more than with PMB or the IL alone. This demonstrates that ILs can assist in antibiotic permeabilization of lipid bilayers which could explain the increased antibiotic activities in the presence of ILs in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia L Hanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Jenny L Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Alana J Swinton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States; Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Timothy D Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States.
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Drücker P, Rühling A, Grill D, Wang D, Draeger A, Gerke V, Glorius F, Galla HJ. Imidazolium Salts Mimicking the Structure of Natural Lipids Exploit Remarkable Properties Forming Lamellar Phases and Giant Vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1333-1342. [PMID: 27935708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tailor-made ionic liquids based on imidazolium salts have recently attracted a large amount of attention because of their extraordinary properties and versatile functionality. An intriguing ability to interact with and stabilize membranes has already been reported for 1,3-dialkylimidazolium compounds. We now reveal further insights into the field by investigating 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dialkylimidazolium (Cn-IMe·HI, n = 7, 11, 15) and 1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-dialkylimidazolium (Cn-IBn·HBr, n = 7, 11, 15) salts. Diverse alkyl chain lengths and headgroups differing in their steric demand were employed for the membrane interface interaction with bilayer membranes imitating the cellular plasma membrane. Membrane hydration properties and domain fluidization were analyzed by fluorescent bilayer probes in direct comparison to established model membranes in a buffered aqueous environment, which resembles the salt content and pH of the cytosol of living cells. Membrane binding and insertion was analyzed via a quartz crystal microbalance and confocal laser scanning microscopy. We show that short-chain 4,5-dialkylimidazolium salts with a bulky headgroup were able to disintegrate membranes. Long-chain imidazolium salts form bilayer membrane vesicles spontaneously and autonomously without the addition of other lipids. These 4,5-dialkylimidazolium salts are highly eligible for further biochemical engineering and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Drücker
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern , Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Rühling
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - David Grill
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster , Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Da Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Annette Draeger
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern , Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster , Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Galla
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Suchodolski J, Feder-Kubis J, Krasowska A. Antifungal activity of ionic liquids based on (-)-menthol: a mechanism study. Microbiol Res 2017; 197:56-64. [PMID: 28219526 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of toxicity of chiral ionic liquids with (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthol [Cn-Am-Men][Cl] (n=10, 11 or 12) in the fungus Candida albicans is reported here. Ionic liquids were more toxic towards Candida strain lacking all identified multidrug resistance efflux pumps. Moreover, the compounds tested inhibited C. albicans filamentation at the concentration at which detached fungal cells also adhered to the plastic surface. Our results showed the high activity of all the tested chiral ionic liquids in the permeabilization of C. albicans' membranes and in the digestion and interruption of the cell wall. The investigated ionic liquids thus have potential as disinfectants because besides their antifungal and antiadhesive action these compounds do not cause hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Suchodolski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joilot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Feder-Kubis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Krasowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joilot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Pandey A, Ekka MK, Ranjan S, Maiti S, Sachidanandan C. Teratogenic, cardiotoxic and hepatotoxic properties of related ionic liquids reveal the biological importance of anionic components. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01520h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole organism assays in zebrafish reveal novel biological activities of ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Pandey
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Mary Krishna Ekka
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Shashi Ranjan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Souvik Maiti
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
- New Delhi 110025
- India
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45
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Wang D, de Jong DH, Rühling A, Lesch V, Shimizu K, Wulff S, Heuer A, Glorius F, Galla HJ. Imidazolium-Based Lipid Analogues and Their Interaction with Phosphatidylcholine Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12579-12592. [PMID: 27934518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
4,5-Dialkylated imidazolium lipid salts are a new class of lipid analogues showing distinct biological activities. The potential effects of the imidazolium lipids on artificial lipid membranes and the corresponding membrane interactions was analyzed. Therefore, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) was employed to create an established lipid monolayer model and a bilayer membrane. Mixed monolayers of DPPC and 4,5-dialkylimidazolium lipids differing by their alkyl chain length (C7, C11, and C15) were characterized by surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms using a Wilhelmy film balance in combination with epifluorescence microscopy. Monolayer hysteresis for binary mixtures was examined by recording triplicate consecutive compression-expansion cycles. The lipid miscibility and membrane stability of DPPC/imidazolium lipids were subsequently evaluated by the excess mean molecular area (ΔAex) and the excess Gibbs free energy (ΔGex) of mixing. Furthermore, the thermotropic behavior of mixed liposomes of DPPC/imidazolium lipids was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The C15-imidazolium lipid (C15-IMe·HI) forms a thermodynamically favored and kinetically reversible Langmuir monolayer with DPPC and exhibits a rigidification effect on both DPPC monolayer and bilayer structures at low molar fractions (X ≤ 0.3). However, the incorporation of the C11-imidazolium lipid (C11-IMe·HI) causes the formation of an unstable and irreversible Langmuir-Gibbs monolayer with DPPC and disordered DPPC liposomes. The C7-imidazolium lipid (C7-IMe·HI) displays negligible membrane activity. To better understand these results on a molecular level, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed. The simulations yield two opposing molecular mechanisms governing the different behavior of the three imidazolium lipids: a lateral ordering effect and a free volume/stretching effect. Overall, our study provides the first evidence that the membrane interaction of the C15 and C11 derivatives modulates the structural organization of lipid membranes. On the contrary, for the C7 derivative its membrane activity is too low to contribute to its earlier reported potent cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- Institut für Biochemie, ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and §Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Djurre H de Jong
- Institut für Biochemie, ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and §Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Rühling
- Institut für Biochemie, ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and §Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Lesch
- Institut für Biochemie, ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and §Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karina Shimizu
- Institut für Biochemie, ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and §Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wulff
- Institut für Biochemie, ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and §Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Institut für Biochemie, ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and §Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Institut für Biochemie, ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and §Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Galla
- Institut für Biochemie, ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and §Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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46
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Patel R, Parray MUD, Singh UK, Islam A, Venkatesu P, Singh S, Bohidar HB. Effect of 1,4-bis(3-dodecylimidazolium-1-yl) butane bromide on channel form of gramicidin vesicles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Losada-Pérez P, Khorshid M, Renner FU. Interactions of Aqueous Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Mixtures with Solid-Supported Phospholipid Vesicles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163518. [PMID: 27684947 PMCID: PMC5042501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the environmentally friendly reputation of ionic liquids (ILs), their safety has been recently questioned given their potential as cytotoxic agents. The fundamental mechanisms underlying the interactions between ILs and cells are less studied and by far not completely understood. Biomimetic films are here important biophysical model systems to elucidate fundamental aspects and mechanisms relevant for a large range of biological interaction ranging from signaling to drug reception or toxicity. Here we use dissipative quartz crystal microbalance QCM-D to examine the effect of aqueous imidazolium-based ionic liquid mixtures on solid-supported biomimetic membranes. Specifically, we assess in real time the effect of the cation chain length and the anion nature on a supported vesicle layer of the model phospholipid DMPC. Results indicate that interactions are mainly driven by the hydrophobic components of the IL, which significantly distort the layer and promote vesicle rupture. Our analyses evidence the gradual decrease of the main phase transition temperature upon increasing IL concentration, reflecting increased disorder by weakening of lipid chain interactions. The degree of rupture is significant for ILs with long hydrophobic cation chains and large hydrophobic anions whose behavior is reminiscent of that of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehran Khorshid
- Institute for Materials Research IMO, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Frank Uwe Renner
- Institute for Materials Research IMO, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC vzw, Associated lab IMOMEC, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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48
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Yoo B, Zhu Y, Maginn EJ. Molecular Mechanism of Ionic-Liquid-Induced Membrane Disruption: Morphological Changes to Bilayers, Multilayers, and Vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5403-5411. [PMID: 27159842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The application of ionic liquids (ILs) in many industrially relevant processes provides an urgent need to better understand their molecular interactions with biological systems. A detailed understanding of the cytotoxicity mechanism of ILs can be helpful in facilitating the molecular design of nontoxic ILs. Using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate the effects of imidazolium-based ILs on several lipid bilayer morphologies. Our results demonstrate that the asymmetric insertion of IL cations into one side of a lipid bilayer leaflet enhances the leaflet strain, which upon reaching a critical value triggers a morphological disruption in the bilayer. Consistently, the bending modulus of the bilayer is reduced by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude relative to that of an IL-free planar bilayer prior to the disruption event. Our results suggest that ILs that can easily insert into the lipid bilayer without diffusing across or inducing lipid flip-flop can be more disruptive to a lipid biomembrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Yoo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , 182 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5637, United States
| | - Yingxi Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University , 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Edward J Maginn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , 182 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5637, United States
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49
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Yoo B, Jing B, Jones SE, Lamberti GA, Zhu Y, Shah JK, Maginn EJ. Molecular mechanisms of ionic liquid cytotoxicity probed by an integrated experimental and computational approach. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19889. [PMID: 26831599 PMCID: PMC4735680 DOI: 10.1038/srep19889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts that remain liquid down to low temperatures, and sometimes well below room temperature. ILs have been called "green solvents" because of their extraordinarily low vapor pressure and excellent solvation power, but ecotoxicology studies have shown that some ILs exhibit greater toxicity than traditional solvents. A fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for IL toxicity remains elusive. Here we show that one mode of IL toxicity on unicellular organisms is driven by swelling of the cell membrane. Cytotoxicity assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and molecular simulations reveal that IL cations nucleate morphological defects in the microbial cell membrane at concentrations near the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of several microorganisms. Cytotoxicity increases with increasing alkyl chain length of the cation due to the ability of the longer alkyl chain to more easily embed in, and ultimately disrupt, the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Yoo
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5637, USA
| | - Benxin Jing
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5637, USA
| | - Stuart E. Jones
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369, USA
| | - Gary A. Lamberti
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369, USA
| | - Yingxi Zhu
- Wayne State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Detroit, MI 46202 USA
| | - Jindal K. Shah
- Oklahoma State University, School of Chemical Engineering, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Edward J. Maginn
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5637, USA
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50
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Feruloyl glycerol and 1,3-diferuloyl glycerol antioxidant behavior in phospholipid vesicles. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 195:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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