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Song Q, Ogiemwonyi CE, Zuo M, Schönherr H. Investigation of the Orientation and Assembly of Functionalized Microcubes at the Oil-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:7388-7395. [PMID: 37192464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The dependence of the preferred orientation of polystyrene microcubes on surface hydrophobicity at the water/hexadecane interface is reported. Similar to the water/air interfaces, the microcubes were shown to reside at the water/hexadecane interface with three distinct orientations: face-up, edge-up, and vertex-up. Concomitantly, ordered aggregates with flat plate, tilted linear, and close-packed hexagonal structures were formed, driven by capillary force. With increasing the hydrophobicity of five sides of the cubes, the preferential microcube orientation at the water/hexadecane interface changed sequentially from face-up to edge-up, to vertex-up, then back to edge-up, and to face-up. This dependence of the preferential microcube orientation on surface hydrophobicity at the water/hexadecane interface differs from that observed at the water/air interface, where the preferential orientation changed only from face-up to edge-up, then to vertex-up, as surface hydrophobicity increased. In addition, preformed microcube assemblies at the water/air interface could be dynamically reconfigured by replacing the air phase with hexadecane under stirring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimeng Song
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Christian Edorodion Ogiemwonyi
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Mengdi Zuo
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen 57076, Germany
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Ortiz R, Stuckey DC, Steele TW. Rapid EC50 determination of hydrophobic toxicants in continuous droplet biomicrofluidics. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Silva PS, Morelli S, Dragosavac MM, Starov VM, Holdich RG. Water in oil emulsions from hydrophobized metal membranes and characterization of dynamic interfacial tension in membrane emulsification. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ortiz R, Chen JL, Stuckey DC, Steele TWJ. Poly(methyl methacrylate) Surface Modification for Surfactant-Free Real-Time Toxicity Assay on Droplet Microfluidic Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13801-13811. [PMID: 28375597 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic droplet reactors have many potential uses, from analytical to synthesis. Stable operation requires preferential wetting of the channel surface by the continuous phase which is often not fulfilled by materials commonly used for lab-on-chip devices. Here we show that a silica nanoparticle (SiNP) layer coated onto a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and other thermoplastics surface enhances its wetting properties by creating nanoroughness, and allows simple grafting of hydrocarbon chains through silane chemistry. Using the unusual stability of silica sols at their isoelectric point, a dense SiNP layer is adsorbed onto PMMA and renders the surface superhydrophilic. Subsequently, a self-assembled dodecyltrichlorosilane (DTS) monolayer yields a superhydrophobic surface that allows the repeatable generation of aqueous droplets in a hexadecane continuous phase without surfactant addition. A SiNP-DTS modified chip has been used to monitor bacterial viability with a resazurin assay. The whole process involving sequential reagents injection, and multiplexed droplet fluorescence intensity monitoring is carried out on chip. Metabolic inhibition of the anaerobe Enterococcus faecalis by 30 mg L-1 of NiCl2 was detected in 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Ortiz
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , 637141, Singapore
| | - Jian Lin Chen
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , 637141, Singapore
| | - David C Stuckey
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , 637141, Singapore
- Chemical Engineering Department, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Terry W J Steele
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Linking Findings in Microfluidics to Membrane Emulsification Process Design: The Importance of Wettability and Component Interactions with Interfaces. MEMBRANES 2016; 6:membranes6020026. [PMID: 27187484 PMCID: PMC4931521 DOI: 10.3390/membranes6020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In microfluidics and other microstructured devices, wettability changes, as a result of component interactions with the solid wall, can have dramatic effects. In emulsion separation and emulsification applications, the desired behavior can even be completely lost. Wettability changes also occur in one phase systems, but the effect is much more far-reaching when using two-phase systems. For microfluidic emulsification devices, this can be elegantly demonstrated and quantified for EDGE (Edge-base Droplet GEneration) devices that have a specific behavior that allows us to distinguish between surfactant and liquid interactions with the solid surface. Based on these findings, design rules can be defined for emulsification with any micro-structured emulsification device, such as direct and premix membrane emulsification. In general, it can be concluded that mostly surface interactions increase the contact angle toward 90°, either through the surfactant, or the oil that is used. This leads to poor process stability, and very limited pressure ranges at which small droplets can be made in microfluidic systems, and cross-flow membrane emulsification. In a limited number of cases, surface interactions can also lead to lower contact angles, thereby increasing the operational stability. This paper concludes with a guideline that can be used to come to the appropriate combination of membrane construction material (or any micro-structured device), surfactants and liquids, in combination with process conditions.
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Breisig H, Hoppe J, Melin T, Wessling M. On the droplet formation in hollow-fiber emulsification. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rondeau E, Holzapfel S, Engel H, Windhab EJ. Vesicles and Composite Particles by Rotating Membrane Pore Extrusion. UPSCALING OF BIO-NANO-PROCESSES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43899-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Holzapfel S, Rondeau E, Mühlich P, Windhab EJ. Drop Detachment from a Micro-Engineered Membrane Surface in a Dynamic Membrane Emulsification Process. Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201300256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Warkiani ME, Bhagat AAS, Khoo BL, Han J, Lim CT, Gong HQ, Fane AG. Isoporous micro/nanoengineered membranes. ACS NANO 2013; 7:1882-1904. [PMID: 23442009 DOI: 10.1021/nn305616k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Isoporous membranes are versatile structures with numerous potential and realized applications in various fields of science such as micro/nanofiltration, cell separation and harvesting, controlled drug delivery, optics, gas separation, and chromatography. Recent advances in micro/nanofabrication techniques and material synthesis provide novel methods toward controlling the detailed microstructure of membrane materials, allowing fabrication of membranes with well-defined pore size and shape. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art for isoporous membrane fabrication using different techniques, including microfabrication, anodization, and advanced material synthesis. Various applications of isoporous membranes, such as protein filtration, pathogen isolation, cell harvesting, biosensing, and drug delivery, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore.
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Wang S, Zou Y. Synthesis, characterization, and UV-curing properties of silicon-containing (Meth)acrylate monomers. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hwang HD, Kim HJ. UV-curable low surface energy fluorinated polycarbonate-based polyurethane dispersion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 362:274-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hwang HD, Kim HJ. Enhanced thermal and surface properties of waterborne UV-curable polycarbonate-based polyurethane (meth)acrylate dispersion by incorporation of polydimethylsiloxane. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Charcosset C. Preparation of emulsions and particles by membrane emulsification for the food processing industry. J FOOD ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shui L, van den Berg A, Eijkel JCT. Interfacial tension controlled W/O and O/W 2-phase flows in microchannel. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:795-801. [PMID: 19255661 DOI: 10.1039/b813724b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In microfluidic systems, interfacial tension plays a predominant role in determining the two-phase flow behavior due to the high surface area to volume ratio. We investigated the influence of both solid-liquid (sigmaSL) and liquid-liquid (sigmaLL) interfacial tensions on water-oil two-phase flows in microfluidic devices. Experimental results show that, unlike macroscopic systems, sigmaSL plays a dominant role, determining the emulsion type created in microchannels: oil-in-water (O/W) flow in hydrophilic microchannels and water-in-oil (W/O) flow in the corresponding hydrophobically treated microchannels. Modification of sigmaLL by surfactants only plays a secondary role. By tuning sigmaLL, oil-water two-phase flow patterns could be changed from droplet-based to stratified flows under constant flow conditions in the same device. In addition, also droplet deformation, coalescence and emulsion inversion could be achieved by tailoring sigmaSL and sigmaLL in microfluidic devices. Microfluidic technology therefore provides a valuable additional tool for quantitatively manipulating and evaluating these phenomena which are difficult to realize in the macroscale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Shui
- BIOS/Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Kulkarni MM, Bandyopadhyaya R, Sharma A. Surfactant controlled switching of water-in-oil wetting behaviour of porous silica films grown at oil-water interfaces. J CHEM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-008-0096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Geerken MJ, Lammertink RGH, Wessling M. Interfacial aspects of water drop formation at micro-engineered orifices. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 312:460-9. [PMID: 17482637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The formation of emulsions with micro-engineered silicon based arrays of micro-orifices is a relatively new technique. Until now, only the preparation of oil-in-water emulsions was studied due to the hydrophilic nature of silicon. This work evaluates the emulsification of water into n-hexadecane with hydrophobized arrays of micro-orifices. We have studied the drop formation rate, the number of active pores and the drop size. In contrast to conventional macroporous membranes used for membrane emulsification, we observed high dispersed phase fluxes up to 4600 L h(-1) m(-2) bar(-1) while all pores being active at applied pressures below 2 times the critical pressure. The drop diameter was independent from the applied pressure difference. We observed a pressure dependent lag time between drop formations at low emulsification pressures. The lag time is related to the rate of surfactant diffusion to the water-oil interface causing a reduction of the interfacial tension. A significant influence of the used hydrophobization agents, perfluorinated octyltrichlorosilane (FOTS) and octyltrichlorosilane (OTS), was found for the resulting drop sizes and the number of active pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik J Geerken
- Membrane Technology Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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