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Feasibility of several commercial membranes to recover valuable phenolic compounds from extracts of wet olive pomace through organic-solvent nanofiltration. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Synthesis, Curing Behaviors and Properties of a Bio-Based Trifunctional Epoxy Silicone Modified Epoxy Thermosets. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204391. [PMID: 36297969 PMCID: PMC9609760 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous effort has been focused on improving the toughness of epoxy, but the common approaches diminish the mechanical properties. In this work, a new silicone-modified trifunctional epoxy monomer SITEUP is synthesized from the hydrosilylation transformation of eugenol epoxy (EPEU) and tris-(dimethylsiloxy)phenylsilane. The chemical structures and curing kinetics of SITEUP are investigated based on 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MADLI-TOF-MS, and DSC analyses. SITEUP is introduced into DGEBA/IPDA systems as a functional modifier in varied loadings for toughening the resulting epoxy thermosets. The impact strength of the modified epoxy thermosets containing 20% SITEUP is 84% higher than that of the pristine epoxy thermoset and also maintains high flexural strength. Further morphology study reveals that the plastic deformation caused by siloxane segments is the key factor accounting for the enhanced toughness of the finalized epoxy thermosets. Si-O-Si segments incorporated into the thermosetting network could absorb more energy by increasing the mobility of polymer chains under external stress and led to improved thermal stability and damping characteristics. In addition, SITEUP is able to decrease the surface tension and increase the hydrophobic properties of the resultant epoxy materials.
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Singer L, Habib SI, Shalaby HEA, Saniour SH, Bourauel C. Digital assessment of properties of the three different generations of dental elastomeric impression materials. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:379. [PMID: 36064393 PMCID: PMC9442984 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the dimensional accuracy, hydrophilicity and detail reproduction of the hybrid vinylsiloxnether with polyether and polyvinylsiloxane parent elastomers using modified digital techniques and software. This was done in an attempt to aid in solving the conflict between the different studies published by competitive manufacturers using different common manual approaches. METHODS A polyether, polyvinylsiloxanes and vinyl polyether silicone hybrid elastomeric impression materials were used in the study. Dimensional accuracy was evaluated through taking impressions of a metallic mold with four posts representing a partially edentulous maxillary arch, that were then poured with stone. Accuracy was calculated from the mean of measurements taken between fixed points on the casts using digital single-lens reflex camera to produce high-resolution digital pictures for all the casts with magnification up to 35×. Hydrophilicity was assessed by contact angle measurements using AutoCAD software. The detail reproduction was measured under dry conditions according to ANSI/ADA Standard No. 19 and under wet conditions as per ISO 4823. A metallic mold was used with three V shaped grooves of 20, 50, and 75 µm width. Specimens were prepared and examination was made immediately after setting using digital images at a magnification of 16×. RESULTS The hybrid impression (0.035 mm) material showed significantly higher dimensional accuracy compared to the polyether (0.051 mm) but was not as accurate as the polyvinyl siloxane impression material (0.024 mm). The contact angles of the hybrid material before and after setting was significantly lower than the parent materials. With regard to the detail reproduction, the three tested materials were able precisely to reproduce the three grooves of the mold under dry conditions. Whereas, under wet conditions, the hybrid material showed higher prevalence of well-defined reproduction of details same as polyether but higher than polyvinylsiloxane that showed prevalence of details with loss of sharpness and continuity. CONCLUSIONS The digital technique used could be a more reliable and an easier method for assessment of impression materials properties. The hybridization of polyvinyl siloxane and polyether yielded a promising material that combines the good merits of both materials and overcomes some of their drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Singer
- Oral Technology, Medical Faculty, Dental School, University Hospital of Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, 53111, Bonn, Germany. .,Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, Dental School, University Hospital of Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Shaymaa I Habib
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba El-Amin Shalaby
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sayed H Saniour
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Christoph Bourauel
- Oral Technology, Medical Faculty, Dental School, University Hospital of Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, 53111, Bonn, Germany
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Binary Promoter Improving the Moderate-Temperature Adhesion of Addition-Cured Liquid Silicone Rubber for Thermally Conductive Potting. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155211. [PMID: 35955146 PMCID: PMC9369510 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The strong adhesion of thermally conductive silicone encapsulants on highly integrated electronic devices can avoid external damages and lead to an improved long-term reliability, which is critical for their commercial application. However, due to their low surface energy and chemical reactivity, the self-adhesive ability of silicone encapsulants to substrates need to be explored further. Here, we developed epoxy and alkoxy groups-bifunctionalized tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4H-MSEP) and boron-modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-B), which were synthesized and utilized as synergistic adhesion promoters to provide two-component addition-cured liquid silicone rubber (LSR) with a good self-adhesion ability for applications in electronic packaging at moderate temperatures. The chemical structures of D4H-MSEP and PDMS-B were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mass percentage of PDMS-B to D4H-MSEP, the adhesion promoters content and the curing temperature on the adhesion strength of LSR towards substrates were systematically investigated. In detail, the LSR with 2.0 wt% D4H-MSEP and 0.6 wt% PDMS-B exhibited a lap-shear strength of 1.12 MPa towards Al plates when curing at 80 °C, and the cohesive failure was also observed. The LSR presented a thermal conductivity of 1.59 W m−1 K−1 and good fluidity, which provided a sufficient heat dissipation ability and fluidity for potting applications with 85.7 wt% loading of spherical α-Al2O3. Importantly, 85 °C and 85% relative humidity durability testing demonstrated LSR with a good encapsulation capacity in long-term processes. This strategy endows LSR with a good self-adhesive ability at moderate temperatures, making it a promising material requiring long-term reliability in the encapsulation of temperature-sensitive electronic devices.
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Facile construction of luminescent silicone elastomers from the compatibilization of porphyrins via the Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Comparison of the Hardness of Novel Experimental Vinyl Poly Siloxane (VPS) Impression Materials with Commercially Available Ones. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1703869. [PMID: 35187157 PMCID: PMC8849984 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1703869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the hardness and Young's moduli of both commercial and experimental vinyl poly siloxane (VPS). Methods The purpose of this study was to develop a medium-bodied experimental (Exp-I, II, III, IV, and V) VPS impression materials and to analyse their effects on hardness and Young's modulus and compare them with three commercial VPS materials (Aquasil, Elite, and Extrude) using Shore A hardness tester. Measurements were recorded after 1, 24, 72, and 168 hours of mixing. The results were analysed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test using the SPSS PASW statistical 22 software. Results Commercial and experimental vinyl polysiloxane exhibited higher Shore A hardness values with time (i.e., 1 hour after mixing, 24 hours after mixing, 72 hours after mixing, and 1 week after mixing). All Comml and Exp VPS demonstrated a significant increase (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in hardness at increasing time points. Generally, all commercial VPS exhibited significantly higher values for Shore A hardness compared to all Exp formulations. For commercial products, Elt M presented significantly highest values at all-time points followed by Aq M then Extr M. Exp-I was significantly harder than all other Exp VPS at all-time points. Young's modulus values were directly related to Shore A hardness; materials with higher Shore A hardness values had higher Young's moduli. Conclusion Continued polymerisation of elastomeric impression materials results in increased hardness over time. Hardness, Young's moduli, and rigidity of the set commercial and experimental VPS materials were within the required limits. Shore A hardness and Young's moduli were directly proportional to each other, and commercial and experimental materials had enough rigidity to contain the stone during pouring.
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Chandrasekaran D, Rameshbabu A, Mariappan S, Ramadoss S, Badimela A, Krishnaswamy A. Comparative evaluation of wettability at various stages of working time for light body and medium body consistencies of three elastomeric impression materials. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:S135-S139. [PMID: 36110654 PMCID: PMC9469221 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_857_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The main purpose of this study was to compare the wettability of light and medium body consistencies of three different elastomeric impression materials during their working time. Materials and Methods: Vinylpolysiloxane, polyether, and vinylsiloxanether light body and medium body impression materials were used to fabricate the test samples. The contact angles of the impression materials were determined at 30th s from the start of mixing until their entire range of working time using a goniometer. The mean contact angles at the early stage of working time and at the end of working time for two consistencies of each impression material were subjected for statistical analysis. Results: The result showed contact angle of all the impression materials toward the end of working time was less than the early stage with the statistical significance (P < 0.05). The contact angle of the light body impression material was less than the medium body impression materials with statistical significance (P < 0.05) except for vinylsiloxanether impression material. Conclusion: We have concluded from this study that vinylsiloxanether impression materials exhibited the least contact angle followed by polyether and the highest was recorded for vinylpolysiloxane impression material.
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Yu H, Huang S, Chen P, Ji M, Cui H, Chen J, Li X. Different leaf-mediated deposition, absorbed and metabolism behaviors of 2,4-D isooctyl ester between Triticum aestivum and Aegilops tauschii Coss. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 175:104848. [PMID: 33993966 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tausch's goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii Coss.), is a major weed species, infesting wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields in China. 2,4-D isooctyl ester is widely used for broadleaf weed control and selected as a tool to study the differences between, A. tauschii and T. aestivum. In this study, we measured the growth responses of these species to 2,4-D isooctyl ester and found that T. aestivum was more sensitive to the herbicide than A. tauschii. To clarify the reasons for this difference, we measured the leaf-mediated deposition, absorption and metabolism of 2,4-D isooctyl ester and the expression of auxin receptor transport inhibitor response (TIR1) gene in T. aestivum and A. tauschii. The results indicated that the deposition of 2,4-D isooctyl ester droplets may be lower on A. tauschii than on T. aestivum, because of the increased contact angle and greater density of trichomes on the leaves of the former. A distinct increase in 2,4-D isooctyl ester uptake was detected in T. aestivum during the entire experimental period, and the rate was 2.2-fold greater than that in A. tauschii at 6 h after treatment. Compared with A. tauschii, T. aestivum exhibited a greater accumulation of primary metabolite 2,4-D in plants, which may be responsible for the different responses of the two species. Additionally, the absolute expression level of TIR1 was clearly greater in T. aestivum than that in A. tauschii. These data will be helpful to further understand the differences between T. aestivum and A. tauschii, which may provide a unique perspective for the development and identification of new target compounds that are effective against this weed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Weed Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuanxilu, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Songtao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Weed Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuanxilu, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Weed Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuanxilu, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meijing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Weed Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuanxilu, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hailan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Weed Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuanxilu, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Weed Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuanxilu, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangju Li
- Key Laboratory of Weed Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuanxilu, Beijing 100193, China.
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Improved water absorption behaviour of experimental hydrophilic vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression materials incorporating a crosslinking agent and a novel surfactant. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1054-1065. [PMID: 33888340 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the effects of incorporating a further crosslinking agent and a novel surfactant on the water absorption behaviour of experimental VPS impression materials. METHODS Part 1: The water uptake behaviour of Aquasil-Ultra-Monophase (AqM) was studied gravimetrically in three media (DW, 1%NaOCl and Perform ID), at 23 °C and 37 °C, over a period of one and four-months (n = 5) to gain information on long-term immersion. Part 2: Five experimental materials were formulated: Exp-I and II as hydrophobic and Exp-III-V as hydrophilic, containing an additional cross-linking agent (TFDMSOS) and Rhodasurf CET-2 surfactant. Their water uptake and desorption (both at 23 °C) properties (gravemetrically), solubility, pH and diffusion coefficient (DC) data were compared with three commercial, hydrophilic VPS impression materials, over seven days (n = 5). The results were analysed statistically. RESULTS Part 1: Significant differences in water absorbed by AqM were observed in the three media at 23 °C. Aq M had a significantly higher uptake in 2% Perform ID, than in DW and NaOCl. At 37 °C, over four-months the uptake profiles were more enhanced and differed. Part 2: All Exp and commercial materials significantly increased in weight in both media (DW and 1% NaOCl at 23 °C), with differing uptake profiles and non-reached equilibrium. Exp-VPS absorbed significantly less water than commercial-VPS. Desorption of all VPS from both parts was faster than absorption, followed Fickian diffusion kinetics and reached equilibrium within 1-3 days. Desorption DCs for Exp-VPS were higher than commercial materials (10-10 versus 10-11 m2 s-1). The solubility was higher in 1% NaOCl compared to DW. The pH of DW after immersion of samples significantly increased compared to 1% NaOCl. SIGNIFICANCE The incorporation of novel cross-linking agent, TFDMSOS and non-ionic surfactant, Rhodasurf CET-2, (ethoxylated-cetyl-oleyl alcohol) improved the dimensional stability of hydrophilic Exp-VPS in DW and 1% NaOCl. These materials merit further research in producing accurate casts of the patient's anatomy following disinfection.
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Lavielle N, Asker D, Hatton BD. Lubrication dynamics of swollen silicones to limit long term fouling and microbial biofilms. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:936-946. [PMID: 33284301 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial contamination and biofilm formation on medical devices remain a costly and serious healthcare problem. Silicone (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) elastomers are common biomaterials but are susceptible to bacterial surface contamination and biofilm growth. 'Self-lubricated' PDMS elastomers (iPDMS) have the potential to greatly reduce rates of cell attachment, biofilm formation and infection. Cross-linked PDMS elastomers immersed in PDMS oil swell to an equilibrium concentration to form a swollen network, and then form a surface liquid layer through syneresis. Herein we have measured the swelling and syneresis kinetics as a function of time, viscosity (1.5 to 10 cSt), and cross-linking density to optimize the surface lubricant layer formation, and resistance to biofouling. The lubricant layer thickness was measured in situ (optical profilometry and AFM) for flat and micro-textured surfaces, as a function of time and swelling ratio, to be in a range from 0.1 to 1 μm, and continuously increases with time. We show this continuous generation is likely due to a gradual, dynamic re-structuring of the elastomer network. Long term antifouling properties of (10 cSt) iPDMS were tested for Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in a flow culture bioreactor, and after 30 d showed a 103 to 104 reduction of bacterial cell density for iPDMS compared to conventional PDMS elastomers. This long term performance and non-specific activity makes them highly suitable for biomedical devices, such as urinary catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lavielle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada.
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Surface Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biocompatibility of Autopolymerizing Acrylic Resins Coated with Reynoutria elliptica Extract. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101292. [PMID: 33003649 PMCID: PMC7600974 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We conducted surface characterization to assess the biocompatibility and investigate the antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens in autopolymerizing acrylic resins, coated with light-curable coating resin, containing various concentrations of Reynoutria elliptica extract (0, 200, 400, and 600 µg/mL). The R. elliptica extract powder was prepared using a freeze-drying technique. Further, a goniometer and microhardness tester were used to determine the water contact angle, and Vickers hardness, respectively; color measurements were performed on the uncoated and coated acrylic resin disks. The polyphenol content of the extracts from the coated acrylic resin disk was analyzed using UV-VIS spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the coated acrylic resin disk against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans was observed for 24 and 48 h by measuring the optical density using spectrophotometry. In addition, biocompatibility was confirmed by testing the cell viability according to ISO 10993-5. The water contact angle, Vickers hardness, and color change values of the coated acrylic resin disks were not significantly different from the control. Polyphenol was detected in all experimental groups, with no significant differences between the experimental groups. The experimental groups exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and C. albicans compared to the control group, after 48 h of incubation. The cell viability between the control and experimental groups was not significantly different. The proposed coating resin containing R. elliptica extract is applicable on dental acrylic resins, due to their antimicrobial properties and excellent biocompatibility, with no deterioration of surface characteristics.
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Li XX, Liu Y, He LF, Gao YY, Mu W, Zhang P, Li BX, Liu F. Fungicide Formulations Influence Their Control Efficacy by Mediating Physicochemical Properties of Spray Dilutions and Their Interaction with Target Leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1198-1206. [PMID: 31928001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three types of pyraclostrobin formulations (including emulsifiable concentrate (EC), suspension concentrate (SC), and microcapsules (MCs)) were used to control cucumber anthracnose. Pyraclostrobin EC had the highest inhibitory activity against Colletotrichum orbiculare in vitro. Much different from the bioactivity in vitro, pyraclostrobin MCs exhibited the highest control efficacy on cucumber anthracnose both in pot and field experiments. The physicochemical properties (particle size, surface tension) of the spray dilution, their interaction with target leaves (contact angle, adhesional tension, work of adhesion, retention, crystallization) and dissipation dynamic of the active ingredient were found to be highly potential factors that would significantly influence the control efficacy of pesticide formulations. Results showed that the control efficacies of different formulations of pyraclostrobin were determined mainly by the final behavior of the pesticides at the target interface, namely, the retention, crystallization, and dissipation dynamics of active ingredients. This study had revealed crucial factors that would influence the efficacy of different formulations of pyraclostrobin and thus could guide the rational and efficient use of different formulations of pesticides on target crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , P. R. China
| | - Li-Fei He
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , P. R. China
| | - Yang-Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , P. R. China
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , China
| | - Bei-Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , P. R. China
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , P. R. China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , P. R. China
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Wei Y, Zheng C, Zhang Z, Zeng Z, Mao T, Long S, Ling H. Synthesis, Surface Properties, and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Ester‐Containing Cationic Silicone Surfactants and Their Utilization as Fabric‐Finishing Agents. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
- Guangzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510550 China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Zhaowen Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Taoyan Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Shikang Long
- Department of Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
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The effects of cross-linking agent and surfactant on the tear strength of novel vinyl polysiloxane impression materials. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e334-e343. [PMID: 30318115 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To formulate experimental hydrophobic and hydrophilic vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression materials ab initio, comprising a novel cross-linking agent, tetra-functional (dimethylsilyl) orthosilicate (TFDMSOS), and a non-ionic surfactant, Rhodasurf CET-2 (ethoxylatedcetyl-oleyl alcohol), and to investigate their effects on tear strength (TS). METHODS Five experimental formulations (Exp I-V) were prepared and compared with three medium bodied commercial VPS impression materials (Aq M, Elt M, Extr M). Tear test was performed on trouser test specimens (n=12 per material), at four time points (immediately, 24, 72 and 168 hours after setting). FTIR spectroscopy was used for identifying functional bonds and cross-linking. The results were analysed with one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test using the SPSS PASW statistical 22 software. RESULTS The material with novel cross-linking agent (Exp II) had significantly higher TSs at all-time points compared to Exp I (control; p˂0.05). Materials incorporating both TFDMSOS and surfactant (Exp III, IV and V), had further significantly increased TS at all-time points, which were concentration dependent. Extr M had a significantly lower TS (immediately after setting and at 24 hours) compared to all Exp and other commercial materials, with the exception of Elt M (difference not significant). The TSs of Exp II-V, after 72 and 168 hours, were significantly higher for than all commercial products and Exp I. FTIR spectra showed the consumption of Si-H groups indicating crosslinking had taken place with the addition of TFDMSOS and surfactant which contributed to an increase in the TS. SIGNIFICANCE TFDMSOS cross-linking agent increased the TS of Exp II significantly at all-time points compared to the control. Novel surfactant further significantly increased TS, and it was also concentration dependent. Exp VPS with improved TS have been developed, addressing one of the drawbacks of commercial VPS materials.
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Martins F, Branco P, Reis J, Barbero Navarro I, Maurício P. Dimensional stability of two impression materials after a 6-month storage period. ACTA BIOMATERIALIA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2017; 3:84-91. [PMID: 29242816 PMCID: PMC5724799 DOI: 10.1080/23337931.2017.1401933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Oral rehabilitation success is enhanced by an accurate and reproducible final impression. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dimensional changes of a polyether and addition silicone subjected to disinfection and/or sterilization after a long storage period. Material and methods: Ninety samples were obtained from polyether ImpregumTM PentaTM (3M ESPETM, Seefeld, Germany) and 90 of addition silicone ImprintTM 4 PentaTM Putty (3M ESPETM, Seefeld, Germany) according to ISO 4823:2000. The samples of each material were split to form three groups with 30 samples each: a control group, a hypochlorite group (disinfection) and an autoclave group (sterilization). Samples were stored in the Portuguese Institute for Quality for six months at 23 °C. Samples were measured by laser interferometry, according to the Michelson technique before calculating dimensional stability according ISO 4823:2000. A statistical analysis via a three-way mixed ANOVA was performed. Results: Significant shrinkage of ImpregumTM PentaTM was 0.77 ± 0.17% in the control group, 0.42 ± 0.19% in the hypochlorite group and 0.52 ± 0.28% in the autoclave group. For ImprintTM 4 PentaTM Putty, the control group had a shrinkage of 0.42 ± 0.12%, the hypochlorite group 0.36 ± 0.09% and the autoclave group 0.59 ± 0.13%. Conclusions: The long-term storage of samples subjected to disinfection with 5.25% hypochlorite or autoclave sterilization can be used in a clinical setting as the dimensional changes are below the maximum permitted by the ISO 4823:2000, since there are no clinically significant changes in the dimension of the samples during the storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Martins
- Oral Rehabilitation Department, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas MonizAlmadaPortugal
| | - Patrícia Branco
- Oral Rehabilitation Department, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas MonizAlmadaPortugal
| | - José Reis
- Oral Rehabilitation Department, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas MonizAlmadaPortugal
| | | | - Paulo Maurício
- Oral Rehabilitation Department, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas MonizAlmadaPortugal
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16
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Bloomfield HL, Nie HY. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of paint craters. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Bloomfield
- Surface Science Western; The University of Western Ontario; London N6G 0J3 Ontario Canada
| | - Heng-Yong Nie
- Surface Science Western; The University of Western Ontario; London N6G 0J3 Ontario Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; The University of Western Ontario; London N6A 3K7 Ontario Canada
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17
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Experimental hydrophilic vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression materials incorporating a novel surfactant compared with commercial VPS. Dent Mater 2017; 33:e301-e309. [PMID: 28535951 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To formulate experimental hydrophilic (Exp) VPS impression materials incorporating a novel surfactant (Rhodasurf CET-2), and to compare their contact angles (CAs) with commercial materials, before/after disinfection. METHODS CAs were measured immediately after setting and after disinfection (1% NaOCl; 30min and 24h), together with their change whilst a droplet remained on the materials surface (over 10, 20, 30 60 and 120s), on three commercial (Aquasil Ultra-Monophase [Aq M], Elite HD-Monophase [Elt M], Extrude Medium-bodied [Extr M]) and four experimental (Exp I-IV) materials, using the Drop Shape Analysis 100 technique. The results were compared statistically. RESULTS CAs of all experimental materials were within the range of those obtained for the commercial materials, with the exception of Exp-IV, which presented with the lowest CAs at the three time points. The control Exp-I was hydrophobic at all three time points (CAs ∼100+), as was Elite. Immediately after setting, Aq M had low CAs but these increased significantly after 30min of disinfection. After twenty four hours' disinfection CAs of all Exp/commercial VPS increased significantly compared to immediately after setting. The CAs of droplets left on the material (120s) decreased with time, even after disinfection, except for Exp-I. SIGNIFICANCE The novel surfactant Rhodasurf CET-2 in Exp-III and IV, is an effective surfactant, retaining a low CA after disinfection, compared with Igepal CO-530 in Aq M. Disinfecting VPS impression materials for more than 30min increases their surface CAs, and therefore prolonged disinfection periods should be avoided.
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18
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Kang YS, Rueggeberg F, Ramos V. Effects of chlorine-based and quaternary ammonium-based disinfectants on the wettability of a polyvinyl siloxane impression material. J Prosthet Dent 2017; 117:266-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Lin LH, Lai YC, Chen KM, Li CS. Preparation and Surface Activities of Modified Soy Protein–Dextrin Surfactants. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-015-1766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Pardini F, Faccia P, Amalvy J. Evaluation of pH-sensitive polyurethane/2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate hybrids potentially useful for drug delivery developments. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Lin LH, Liu HJ, Chu HC, Hwang MC, Chen KM, Tan EC. Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride Structure Influences the Surface Activities of Gelatin Derivatives. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-015-1721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Kwon JS, Lee SB, Kim KM, Kim KN. Positive control for cytotoxicity evaluation of dental vinyl polysiloxane impression materials using sodium lauryl sulfate. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:618-22. [PMID: 24471730 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.879996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) is elastomeric dental impression material which, despite having very few reports of adverse reactions, has shown high levels of cytotoxicity that is difficult to be interpreted without referencing to the positive control material. Therefore, in this study, positive control VPS was developed using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) for the reference of cytotoxicity test. MATERIALS AND METHODS The positive control VPS with SLS was formed with a different proportion of SLS (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 wt%) added to the base. The cytotoxicity test was then carried out using the extractions or dilutions of the extractions from each of the test samples using murine fibroblast cells (L929). RESULTS The final product of positive control VPS behaved similar to commercially available VPS; being initially liquid-like and then becoming rubber-like. Ion chromatography showed that the level of SLS released from the product increased as the proportion of added SLS increased, consequently resulting in an increased level of cytotoxicity. Also, the commercially available VPS was less cytotoxic than the positive control VPS with more or equal to 2 wt% of SLS. However, even the VPS with the highest SLS (16 wt%) did not cause oral mucosa irritation during the animal study. CONCLUSIONS The positive control VPS was successfully produced using SLS, which will be useful in terms of providing references during in vitro cytotoxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Kwon
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering
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23
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Song J, Li Y, Cheng Q. Adsorption of a silicone-based surfactant on polyethylene and polypropylene surfaces and its tribologic performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Design and Merchandising; Colorado State University; Fort Collin Colorado 80523
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry; Beijing China
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Walker MP, Alderman N, Petrie CS, Melander J, McGuire J. Correlation of impression removal force with elastomeric impression material rigidity and hardness. J Prosthodont 2013; 22:362-6. [PMID: 23387301 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Difficult impression removal has been linked to high rigidity and hardness of elastomeric impression materials. In response to this concern, manufacturers have reformulated their materials to reduce rigidity and hardness to decrease removal difficulty; however, the relationship between impression removal and rigidity or hardness has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a positive correlation between impression removal difficulty and rigidity or hardness of current elastomeric impression materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Light- and medium-body polyether (PE), vinylpolysiloxane (VPS), and hybrid vinyl polyether siloxane (VPES) impression materials were tested (n = 5 for each material/consistency/test method). Rigidity (elastic modulus) was measured via tensile testing of dumbbell-shaped specimens (Die C, ASTM D412). Shore A hardness was measured using disc specimens according to ASTM D2240-05 test specifications. Impressions were also made of a custom stainless steel model using a custom metal tray that could be attached to a universal tester to measure associated removal force. Within each impression material consistency, one-factor ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analyses (α = 0.05) were used to compare rigidity, hardness, and removal force of the three types of impression materials. A Pearson's correlation (α = 0.05) was used to evaluate the association between impression removal force and rigidity or hardness. RESULTS With medium-body materials, VPS exhibited significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) rigidity and hardness than VPES or PE, while PE impressions required significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) removal force than VPS or VPES impressions. With light-body materials, VPS again demonstrated significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) hardness than VPES or PE, while the rigidity of the light-body materials did not significantly differ between materials (p > 0.05); however, just as with the medium-body materials, light-body PE impressions required significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) removal force than VPS or VPES. Moreover, there was no positive correlation (p > 0.05) between impression removal force and rigidity or hardness with either medium- or light-body materials. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that high impression material rigidity and hardness are not predictors of impression removal difficulty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P Walker
- UMKC School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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25
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Atay A, Piskin B, Akin H, Sipahi C, Karakas A, Saracli MA. Evaluation of Candida albicans adherence on the surface of various maxillofacial silicone materials. J Mycol Med 2013; 23:27-32. [PMID: 23375858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fungal infection resulting from Candida adherence on material surface is one of the most important medical risks for maxillofacial prosthesis wearers. Despite wide usage, there is a sparse data evaluating C. albicans adherence on various commercial maxillofacial silicone materials that have different surface contact angles. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between surface contact angle and fungal adherence on widely used maxillofacial silicone materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three maxillofacial silicone materials titled VST-50, A-2006, and A-2186F were used for fabrication of disc-shaped specimens. Surface contact angle of specimens were measured by the goniometric method. Adhesion quantity of two different C. albicans strains was evaluated with a colorimetric method using XTT/Coenzyme Q0. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis of data. RESULTS The lowest surface contact angle values with the highest Candida adhesion quantity were measured on the specimens fabricated with A-2006 silicone material. Statistically significant differences were found among three maxillofacial silicone materials in terms of both surface contact angle values and adhesion quantity (P<0.01). CONCLUSION There is a close relationship between surface contact angle and quantity of Candida adherence. However, it should be noted that various factors arising from material properties may affect the complex nature of the Candida adhesion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Atay
- Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul, Turkey.
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26
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Fibroblast colonization of modified silicone films. Otol Neurotol 2012; 33:1635-9. [PMID: 23111403 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0b013e31825e7418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Development of silicone films with hydrophilic surface properties and with associated fibroblast colonization for tympanic membrane reconstruction. BACKGROUND Silicone films are used in ear surgery for splinting fresh eardrum perforations. The cure rate is high if the perforation is small and fresh. Persistent eardrum perforations have been treated in tympanoplasty procedures by splinting the tympanic membrane with silicone film. Silicone has hydrophobic properties and is poorly populated by cells. METHODS Silicone films with a thickness of 0.13 mm were treated in a low-pressure oxygen plasma for different times. Oxidation of the surface allowed hydroxyl groups to form. The altered surface properties of the film were measured using the method of contact angle against water. Treated and untreated films (d = 22 mm) were placed in 12-well culture plates with 50000 L929 fibroblasts and in a standard medium for different lengths incubated at 37 °C. The quantification of the vegetation was performed after 5 days using WST-1 Cell Proliferation Reagent. The resulting cell growth was visualized after different incubation times through the Live/Dead Assay by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The treatment of the films with low-pressure oxygen plasma resulted in a hydrophilic film surface. There were significant differences in fibroblast colonization in treated compared with untreated films. The hydrophilic silicone films had a higher quantity and quality of fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Further surface modifications could improve the film in respect of fibroblast vegetation. The effectiveness of the modified silicone sheets should be evaluated in vivo before clinical trials.
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Lin LH, Chen KM, Liu HJ, Chu HC, Kuo TC, Hwang MC, Wang CF. Preparation and surface activities of modified gelatin–glucose conjugates. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhang S, Liu J, Li N, Yang X, Zheng L. Aggregation behavior of silicone surfactants in ethylammonium nitrate ionic liquid. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Johnson D, Al Malek S, Al-Rashdi B, Hilal N. Atomic force microscopy of nanofiltration membranes: Effect of imaging mode and environment. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Zalakain I, Ramos JA, Fernandez R, Etxeberria H, Mondragon I. Silicon and carbon substrates induced arrangement changes in poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) block copolymer thin films. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Kekevi B, Berber H, Yıldırım H. Synthesis and Characterization of Silicone-Based Surfactants as Anti-Foaming Agents. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-011-1277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kalantarian A, David R, Chen J, Neumann AW. Simultaneous measurement of contact angle and surface tension using axisymmetric drop-shape analysis-no apex (ADSA-NA). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:3485-3495. [PMID: 21355566 DOI: 10.1021/la104155x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Axisymmetric drop-shape analysis-no apex (ADSA-NA) is a recent drop-shape method that allows the simultaneous measurement of contact angles and surface tensions of drop configurations without an apex (i.e., a sessile drop with a capillary protruding into the drop). Although ADSA-NA significantly enhanced the accuracy of contact angle and surface tension measurements compared to that of original ADSA using a drop with an apex, it is still not as accurate as a surface tension measurement using a pendant drop suspended from a holder. In this article, the computational and experimental aspects of ADSA-NA were scrutinized to improve the accuracy of the simultaneous measurement of surface tensions and contact angles. It was found that the results are relatively insensitive to different optimization methods and edge detectors. The precision of contact angle measurement was enhanced by improving the location of the contact points of the liquid meniscus with the solid substrate to subpixel resolution. To optimize the experimental design, the capillary was replaced with an inverted sharp-edged pedestal, or holder, to control the drop height and to ensure the axisymmetry of the drops. It was shown that the drop height is the most important experimental parameter affecting the accuracy of the surface tension measurement, and larger drop heights yield lower surface tension errors. It is suggested that a minimum nondimensional drop height (drop height divided by capillary length) of 1.7 is required to reach an error of less than 0.2 mJ/m(2) for the measured surface tension. As an example, the surface tension of water was measured to be 72.46 ± 0.04 at 24 °C by ADSA-NA, compared to 72.39 ± 0.01 mJ/m(2) obtained with pendant drop experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kalantarian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Zhou Q, Pramoda KP, Lee JM, Wang K, Loo LS. Role of interface in dispersion and surface energetics of polymer nanocomposites containing hydrophilic POSS and layered silicates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 355:222-30. [PMID: 21190693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Three different hydrophilic nanofillers--natural and synthetic layered silicate as well as octaammonium polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)--were incorporated into polyamide-6 by a solution-mixing method. The surfaces of the resulting polymer nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, polarized optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. All polymer nanocomposites displayed enhancement in surface hydrophilicity as well as increase in surface free energy due to surface enrichment of the nanofillers. The degree of enhancement was found to depend on both nanofiller type and dispersion state. Interfacial interactions in the form of hydrogen bonding played an important role in affecting the dispersion state of the layered silicates. Exfoliated layered silicates caused a larger increase in hydrophilicity than aggregated layered silicate. On the other hand, aggregated POSS molecules were able to induce a large increase in hydrophilicity. Significant spreading of water was also observed on surfaces containing POSS molecules. Surface models have been proposed to explain these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1.2 B3-13, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
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Liu X, Song J, Wu D, Genzer J, Theyson T, Rojas OJ. Surface and Friction Behavior of a Silicone Surfactant Adsorbed on Model Textiles Substrates. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie1012213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210037, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, Department of Chemical & Bimolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, TensTech Inc., 424 Shrewsbury Lane, Matthews,
| | - Junlong Song
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210037, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, Department of Chemical & Bimolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, TensTech Inc., 424 Shrewsbury Lane, Matthews,
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210037, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, Department of Chemical & Bimolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, TensTech Inc., 424 Shrewsbury Lane, Matthews,
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210037, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, Department of Chemical & Bimolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, TensTech Inc., 424 Shrewsbury Lane, Matthews,
| | - Thomas Theyson
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210037, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, Department of Chemical & Bimolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, TensTech Inc., 424 Shrewsbury Lane, Matthews,
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210037, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, Department of Chemical & Bimolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, TensTech Inc., 424 Shrewsbury Lane, Matthews,
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Balkenhol M, Haunschild S, Lochnit G, Wöstmann B. Surfactant Release from Hydrophilized Vinylpolysiloxanes. J Dent Res 2009; 88:668-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034509339721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinylpolysiloxane impression materials (VPS) exhibit an apolar (hydrophobic) backbone chemistry. Hence, surfactants are added to improve their hydrophilicity for impression-taking in moist environments. However, the mechanisms at the liquid-VPS-interface regarding the surfactant are unknown. We hypothesized that surfactant is leached from the VPS. Four experimental VPS formulations were fabricated containing 0 (control), 1.5, 3, and 5 wt% non-ionic surfactant. Samples were prepared (n = 6) and contact angles determined 30 min after mixing. After 60 sec, droplets were transferred onto the control. Mass spectrometry was used to analyze the droplets. Contact angles were inversely correlated with the surfactant concentration (p < 0.05). Droplets transferred from hydrophilized specimens onto the control showed similar contact angles. Surfactant could be clearly identified inside the droplets from the hydrophilized samples, however, not inside the control. Surfactants reduced the surface tension of the liquid in contact and did not change the surface properties of the VPS itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Balkenhol
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Schlangenzahl 14, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; and
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S. Haunschild
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Schlangenzahl 14, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; and
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - G. Lochnit
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Schlangenzahl 14, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; and
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - B. Wöstmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Schlangenzahl 14, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; and
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Hosseinpour D, Berg JC. The dynamic interaction of water with four dental impression materials during cure. J Prosthodont 2009; 18:292-300. [PMID: 19210607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2008.00423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this work was to investigate the interaction of water with four different dental impression materials: Aquasil (Ultra XLV Type 3), Take 1 (Wash Regular Set), Genie (Light Body, Standard Set), and Impregum Garant (Soft Light Bodied Consistency). MATERIALS AND METHODS Apparent contact angles of de-ionized water made against thin horizontal sample films of the different materials under different conditions were measured from analysis of profile images of symmetrical sessile drops of water placed on the sample films using a Model FTA200 dynamic drop shape analysis system, which included a JAI M30 high speed CCD camera combined with a zoom microscope. Data were taken for specimens of dry ages (times following mixing) from a minimum of 20 seconds up to 1220 seconds. Imaging was started before the initial water/impression material contact, and lasted for at least 420 seconds in each case. The interval at the beginning of each run was 0.033 second, and then increased by a factor of 1.012 to the end. During the initial 3 seconds following the drop deposition, the drop's shape oscillated due to inertial effects, so apparent contact angle data during this period were neglected in all cases. All measurements were made at room temperature. The drops were enclosed in a humidified chamber that suppressed evaporation. All data were repeated at least five times, and results were analyzed where appropriate using one-way ANOVA. Microscopic images of the water/impression material interactions for fresh (uncured) materials were acquired to reveal the destructive interactions that resulted from such contact. Finally, surface tension measurements were made of water that had been contacted with material of varying dry age using the pendant drop method capability of the drop shape analysis system. These helped to assess the origin of hydrophilicity development for the different materials. RESULTS For short curing times (dry ages), water showed a destructive effect on the integrity of all of the impression materials, as evidenced by the formation of a crater beneath the water drop and a scum of material at its surface. These effects diminished with dry age until a critical curing time was reached, beyond which such destructive interactions were no longer detectable. These critical curing times were determined to be 80, 140, 110, and 185 seconds for Aquasil, Take 1, Genie, and Impregum, respectively. The initial contact angle following the respective critical curing time was lowest for Impregum, at 66 degrees ; while values for Aquasil, Genie, and Take 1 were 93 degrees , 104 degrees , and 110 degrees , respectively. Beyond the critical curing times for the different materials, different degrees of hydrophilicity were observed. Aquasil showed the lowest final contact angle (<10 degrees ), with Impregum, Take 1, and Genie showing 31 degrees , 34 degrees , and 40 degrees , respectively. Measurements of the surface tension of water after contact with the different materials suggested that for Aquasil, hydrophilicity appears to be developed through the leaching of surfactant from the material, whereas for Impregum, Take 1, and Genie, hydrophilicity is developed at least in part through a change in surface structure in contact with water. Impregum and Aquasil materials of dry ages well beyond the critical curing time exhibited a stick-slip behavior in their interline movement or contact angle evolution. This was believed to be due to the slowness in the leaching of surfactant (in the case of Aquasil) or the re-orientation of unleachable surface groups (in the case of the other materials) in comparison to the inherent kinetics of water drop spreading. CONCLUSIONS All materials investigated in the fresh, uncured state showed qualitative decomposition when put in contact with water through the formation of a crater beneath the water drop and a scum of material at its surface. These effects diminished with curing time until beyond a critical value, no such effects were evident. The initial hydrophilicity of the materials as determined by the contact angles obtained at their respective critical dry ages was greatest for Impregum. Beyond the critical curing time, different degrees of hydrophilicity were observed, with Aquasil showing the lowest final contact angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Hosseinpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750, USA
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