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Sanati A, Malayeri MR, Busse O, Weigand JJ, Beckmann M. Surface Energy and Wetting Behavior of Dolomite in the Presence of Carboxylic Acid-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15622-15631. [PMID: 36493399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study endeavors to apply experimental and theoretical analyses to assess the viability of wettability alteration for two carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs). To prepare these chemicals, oxalic acid and citric acid were used as hydrogen bond donors mixed with choline chloride as the hydrogen bond acceptor in an equimolar ratio. In the theoretical part, dolomite and crude oil were characterized using a three-phase setup. Then, the adhesion propensity of brines/crude oil toward dolomite was evaluated by calculating the work of adhesion. Contact angle and interfacial tension measurements were conducted in the experimental part to investigate the impact of chemicals on brine-crude oil and brine-rock interactions. Results revealed that the oxalic acid-based DES outperformed the citric acid-based DES in terms of interfacial tension reduction. In addition, choline chloride/oxalic acid (1:1) could effectively restore the wettability of the dolomite sample to its original state with a wettability alteration index of 82%. Theoretical calculations also confirmed the wettability alteration potential of DESs. Finally, a correlation was proposed to predict the contact angle of brine on the dolomite surface in the presence of crude oil using surface-energy components of brine, crude oil, and dolomite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sanati
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Petrochemical and Petroleum Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar9617976487, Iran
| | - M R Malayeri
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz7134851154, Iran
| | - O Busse
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062, Germany
| | - J J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062, Germany
| | - M Beckmann
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01069, Germany
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Experimental Evaluation of Foam Diversion for EOR in Heterogeneous Carbonate Rocks. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Immiscible gas injection applied to heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs can be inefficient due to poor conformance control. Foam mobility control is proposed in this work as a solution for gas conformance issues in such reservoirs. A unique experimental program was developed to evaluate alkyl polyglucoside (APG) stabilized foam for foaming ability, emulsion-forming tendency and resistance to oil. Dynamic methane foam behavior is systematically studied through single and dual injection core flooding experiments, simulating foam diversion during immiscible methane flooding in a layered reservoir with a significant layer permeability contrast. Results show a stable foam-oil system with no viscous emulsions at very high formation brine salinity (144,000 ppm total dissolved solids). Single-core floods for the high permeability layer (Unit-A) showed that foam viscosity of 27 cP could be achieved at 11% oil saturation (So). Under similar oil-wet condition, the low permeability zone (Unit-B) could generate foam of 21 cP at 18.9% So, indicating an increase in injected fluid mobility reduction with permeability. Dual-core injection experiments, which is designed to evaluate accurately fluid diversion capacity of such foams, reveals remarkable dynamic foam behaviors. While the water-wet condition indicates the scalability of foam behaviors (i.e., the ability of foam to control fluid mobility against the variation of rock permeability) between the single and composite core systems, the oil-wet condition confirms good foam resistance to residual oil that resulted in an increase in Unit B production from 46 to 82%, and 74 to 85% for Unit-A. Moreover, dual-core floods representing premature waterfloods (i.e., higher oil saturation) shows even more dramatic incremental oil recovery (44 to 81% in Unit-A and 17.5 to 71% in Unit-B), evidencing the ability of foam to self-viscosify with permeability variation at varying oil saturations.
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Mohammed I, Isah A, Al Shehri D, Mahmoud M, Arif M, Kamal MS, Alade OS, Patil S. Effect of Sulfate-Based Scales on Calcite Mineral Surface Chemistry: Insights from Zeta-Potential Experiments and Their Implications on Wettability. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28571-28587. [PMID: 35990499 PMCID: PMC9386710 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Scale formation and deposition in the subsurface and surface facilities have been recognized as a major cause of flow assurance issues in the oil and gas industry. Sulfate-based scales such as sulfates of calcium (anhydrite and gypsum) and barium (barite) are some of the commonly encountered scales during hydrocarbon production operations. Oilfield scales are a well-known flow assurance problem, which occurs mainly due to the mixing of incompatible brines. Researchers have largely focused on the rocks' petrophysical property modifications (permeability and porosity damage) caused by scale precipitation and deposition. Little or no attention has been paid to their influence on the surface charge and wettability of calcite minerals. Thus, this study investigates the effect of anhydrite and barite scales' presence on the calcite mineral surface charge and their propensity to alter the wetting state of calcite minerals. This was achieved vis-à-vis zeta-potential (ζ-potential) measurement. Furthermore, two modes of the scale control (slug and continuous injections) using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were examined to determine the optimal control strategy as well as the optimal inhibitor dosage. Results showed that the presence of anhydrite and barite scales in a calcite reservoir affects the colloidal stability of the system, thus posing a threat of precipitation, which would result in permeability and porosity damage. Also, the calcite mineral surface charge is affected by the presence of calcium and barium sulfate scales; however, the magnitude of change in the surface charge via ζ-potential measurement is insignificant to cause wettability alteration by the mineral scales. Slug and continuous injections of EDTA were implemented, with the optimal scale control strategy being the continuous injection of EDTA solutions. The optimal dosage of EDTA for anhydrite scale control is 5 and 1 wt % for the formation water and seawater environments, respectively. In the case of barite, in both environments, an EDTA dosage of 1 wt % suffices. Findings from this study not only further the understanding of the scale effects on calcite mineral systems but also provide critical insights into the potential of scale formation and their mechanisms of interactions for better injection planning and the development of a scale control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isah Mohammed
- Petroleum
Engineering Department, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubakar Isah
- Petroleum
Engineering Department, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhafer Al Shehri
- Petroleum
Engineering Department, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Petroleum
Engineering Department, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department
of Petroleum Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 00000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Kamal
- Center
for Integrative Petroleum Research (CIPR), College of Petroleum Engineering
and Geosciences, King Fahd University of
Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Olalekan Saheed Alade
- Center
for Integrative Petroleum Research (CIPR), College of Petroleum Engineering
and Geosciences, King Fahd University of
Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shirish Patil
- Petroleum
Engineering Department, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Influence of surface property of CaCO3 fillers on apparent viscosity of filled polydimethylsiloxane. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Denis EH, Fraga CG, Huggett NL, Weaver WC, Rush LA, Dockendorff BP, Breton-Vega AS, Carman AJ. Physicochemical Gas-Solid Sorption Properties of Geologic Materials Using Inverse Gas Chromatography. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6887-6897. [PMID: 34081468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of a variety of geologic materials using inverse gas chromatography (IGC) by varying probe gas selection, temperature, carrier gas flow rate, and humidity. This is accomplished by measuring the level of interaction between the materials of interest and known probe gases. Identifying a material's physicochemical characteristics can help provide a better understanding of the transport of gaseous compounds in different geologic materials or between different geological layers under various conditions. Our research focused on measuring the enthalpy (heat) of adsorption, Henry's constant, and diffusion coefficients of a suite of geologic materials, including two soil types (sandy clay-loam and loam), quartz sand, salt, and bentonite clay, with various particle sizes. The reproducibility of IGC measurements for geologic materials, which are inherently heterogeneous, was also assessed in comparison to the reproducibility for more homogeneous synthetic materials. This involved determining the variability of physicochemical measurements obtained from different IGC approaches, instruments, and researchers. For the investigated IGC-determined parameters, the need for standardization became apparent, including the need for application-relevant reference materials. The inherent physical and chemical heterogeneities of soil and many geologic materials can make the prediction of sorption properties difficult. Characterizing the properties of individual organic and inorganic components can help elucidate the primary factors influencing sorption interactions in more complex mixtures. This research examined the capabilities and potential challenges of characterizing the gas sorption properties of geologic materials using IGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Denis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Carlos G Fraga
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Nicholas L Huggett
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - William C Weaver
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Lydia A Rush
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Brian P Dockendorff
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Angel S Breton-Vega
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - April J Carman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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Hamieh T. New Methodology to Study the Dispersive Component of the Surface Energy and Acid-Base Properties of Silica Particles by Inverse Gas Chromatography at Infinite Dilution. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:126-142. [PMID: 34096571 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A new methodology was proposed to determine the dispersive component of the surface energy ${\gamma}_s^d$ of a solid taking into account the effect of the temperature on the surface area of n-alkanes, methylene group (${a}_{- CH2-}$) and polar molecules, thus defeating the method used by Dorris-Gray Schultz et al. We determined the correct ${\gamma}_s^d$ of the surface energy, the specific free energy, enthalpy and entropy of adsorption of polar molecules as well as the acid base constants of silica particles with an excellent accuracy. We confirmed the dependence of the dispersive component of the surface energy on the variations of the surface areas of organic molecules used in IGC technique at infinite dilution. The specific properties of interactions of silica particles were determined. The new proposed model took into account this thermal effect. Obtained results proved that the other used IGC methods gave inaccurate values of the specific parameters of silica surface, except for the vapor pressure method that led to excellent results of the specific free energy, enthalpy and entropy of adsorption, and the acid-base constants of the silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayssir Hamieh
- SATIE, IFSTTAR, University Gustave Eiffel, Campus de Marne-La-Vallée, 25, allée des Marronniers, 78000 Versailles, France.,Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA) and LEADDER Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and EDST, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, P.O. Box 6573/14, Beirut, Lebanon
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Sanati A, Rahmani S, Nikoo A, Malayeri M, Busse O, Weigand J. Comparative study of an acidic deep eutectic solvent and an ionic liquid as chemical agents for enhanced oil recovery. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Sanati A, Malayeri M. CTAB adsorption onto dolomite in the presence of ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent: Experimental and theoretical studies. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nikoo AH, Malayeri MR. Interfacial interactions between scale-brine and various reservoir rocks. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nikoo AH, Malayeri MR. On the affinity of carbonate and sandstone reservoir rocks to scale formation – Impact of rock roughness. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nikoo AH, Mahmoodi L, Malayeri MR, Kalantariasl A. Gypsum-brine-dolomite interfacial interactions in the presence of scale inhibitor. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Nikoo AH, Kalantariasl A, Malayeri MR. Propensity of gypsum precipitation using surface energy approach. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Environment-Friendly Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) as an Innovative Consolidant for Ancient Wall Paintings. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8090649. [PMID: 30142891 PMCID: PMC6165377 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The research of innovative materials on the conservation of ancient wall paintings has given rise to increased attention in recent years. One of the most used synthetic organic consolidation material for the wall paintings is the commercial acrylic resin Paraloid B72 (PB 72), which encounters problems of the use of toxic solvents, low water vapor transmission, and poor penetration. Here, the non-toxic, environment-friendly product poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOX) has been demonstrated as a great potential consolidant for wall paintings to solve these issues. First of all, thanks to the better penetration ability, the simulating plaster sample treated with PEOX shows greater enhanced surface hardness than PB 72. The single-lap joint shear strength test and the scotch tape test revealed the good adhesion of PEOX on inorganic surfaces and effective pigment consolidation. At the same time, the PEOX-treated sample presents less surface gloss. The hydrophilic nature of PEOX merits itself with superior water vapor permeability compared with PB 72. These advantages enable PEOX to be a progressive choice to replace the use of PB 72 in the controlled indoor working environment.
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Bilgiç C. Determination of the surface properties of kaolinite by inverse gas chromatography. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 2017:319-328. [PMID: 29851384 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was applied to characterize the surface of kaolinite. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters (the standard enthalpy (∆H0), entropy (∆S0) and free energy of adsorption (∆G0), the dispersive component of the surface energy (γsd), and the acid/base character of kaolinite surface were estimated by using the retention time of different non-polar and polar probes at infinite dilution region. The specific free energy of adsorption (∆Gsp), the specific enthalpy of adsorption (∆Hsp), and the specific entropy of adsorption (∆Ssp) of polar probes on kaolinite were determined. (∆Gsp) values were correlated with the donor and modified acceptor numbers of the probes to quantify the acidic (KA) and the basic (KD) parameters of the kaolinite surface. The values obtained for the parameters KA and KD indicated a basic character for kaolinite surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Bilgiç
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26480 Eskişehir, Turkey E-mail:
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Zhao Z, Huang Z, Zhang X, Huang Y, Cui Y, Ma C, Wang G, Freeman T, Lu XY, Pan X, Wu C. Low density, good flowability cyclodextrin-raffinose binary carrier for dry powder inhaler: anti-hygroscopicity and aerosolization performance enhancement. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018. [PMID: 29532682 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1450865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hygroscopicity of raffinose carrier for dry powder inhaler (DPI) was the main obstacle for its further application. Hygroscopicity-induced agglomeration would cause deterioration of aerosolization performance of raffinose, undermining the delivery efficiency. METHODS Cyclodextrin-raffinose binary carriers (CRBCs) were produced by spray-drying so as to surmount the above issue. Physicochemical attributes and formation mechanism of CRBCs were explored in detail. The flow property of CRBCs was examined by FT4 Powder Rheometer. Hygroscopicity of CRBCs was elucidated by dynamic vapor sorption study. Aerosolization performance was evaluated by in vitro deposition profile and in vivo pharmacokinetic profile of CRBC based DPI formulations. RESULTS The optimal formulation of CRBC (R4) was proven to possess anti-hygroscopicity and aerosolization performance enhancement properties. Concisely, the moisture uptake of R4 was c.a. 5% which was far lower than spray-dried raffinose (R0, c.a. 65%). R4 exhibited a high fine particle fraction value of 70.56 ± 0.61% and it was 3.75-fold against R0. The pulmonary and plasmatic bioavailability of R4 were significantly higher than R0 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CRBC with anti-hygroscopicity and aerosolization performance enhancement properties was a promising approach for pulmonary drug delivery, which could provide new possibilities to the application of hygroscopic carriers for DPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhao
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China.,b Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Yingtong Cui
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Cheng Ma
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | | | | | - Xin Pan
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
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Impact of grinding aids on dry grinding performance, bulk properties and surface energy. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bendada K, Hamdi B, Boudriche L, Balard H, Calvet R. Surface characterization of reservoir rocks by inverse gas chromatography: Effect of a surfactant. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fletcher PDI, Savory LD, Woods F, Clarke A, Howe AM. Model study of enhanced oil recovery by flooding with aqueous surfactant solution and comparison with theory. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3076-85. [PMID: 25749192 DOI: 10.1021/la5049612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of elucidating the details of enhanced oil recovery by surfactant solution flooding, we have determined the detailed behavior of model systems consisting of a packed column of calcium carbonate particles as the porous rock, n-decane as the trapped oil, and aqueous solutions of the anionic surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT). The AOT concentration was varied from zero to above the critical aggregation concentration (cac). The salt content of the aqueous solutions was varied to give systems of widely different, post-cac oil-water interfacial tensions. The systems were characterized in detail by measuring the permeability behavior of the packed columns, the adsorption isotherms of AOT from the water to the oil-water interface and to the water-calcium carbonate interface, and oil-water-calcium carbonate contact angles. Measurements of the percent oil recovery by pumping surfactant solutions into calcium carbonate-packed columns initially filled with oil were analyzed in terms of the characterization results. We show that the measured contact angles as a function of AOT concentration are in reasonable agreement with those calculated from values of the surface energy of the calcium carbonate-air surface plus the measured adsorption isotherms. Surfactant adsorption onto the calcium carbonate-water interface causes depletion of its aqueous-phase concentration, and we derive equations which enable the concentration of nonadsorbed surfactant within the packed column to be estimated from measured parameters. The percent oil recovery as a function of the surfactant concentration is determined solely by the oil-water-calcium carbonate contact angle for nonadsorbed surfactant concentrations less than the cac. For surfactant concentrations greater than the cac, additional oil removal occurs by a combination of solubilization and emulsification plus oil mobilization due to the low oil-water interfacial tension and a pumping pressure increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D I Fletcher
- Schlumberger Gould Research, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0EL, United Kingdom
| | - Luke D Savory
- Schlumberger Gould Research, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0EL, United Kingdom
| | - Freya Woods
- Schlumberger Gould Research, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0EL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Clarke
- Schlumberger Gould Research, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0EL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Howe
- Schlumberger Gould Research, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0EL, United Kingdom
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Song W, de Haas TW, Fadaei H, Sinton D. Chip-off-the-old-rock: the study of reservoir-relevant geological processes with real-rock micromodels. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:4382-4390. [PMID: 25236399 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a real-rock micromodel approach whereby microfluidic channels are fabricated in a naturally occurring mineral substrate. The method is applied to quantify calcite dissolution which is relevant to oil/gas recovery, CO2 sequestration, and wastewater disposal in carbonate formations - ubiquitous worldwide. The key advantage of this method is the inclusion of both the relevant substrate chemistry (not possible with conventional microfluidics) and real-time pore-scale resolution (not possible with core samples). Here, microchannels are etched into a natural calcite crystal and sealed with a glass slide. The approach is applied to study acidified brine flow through a single channel and a two-dimensional micromodel. The single-channel case conforms roughly to a 1-D analytical description, with crystal orientation influencing the local dissolution rate an additional 25%. The two-dimensional experiments show highly flow-directed dissolution and associated positive feedback wherein acid preferentially invades high conductivity flow paths, resulting in higher dissolution rates ('wormholing'). These experiments demonstrate and validate the approach of microfabricating fluid structures within natural minerals for transport and geochemical studies. More broadly, real-rock microfluidics open the door to a vast array of lab-on-a-chip opportunities in geology, reservoir engineering, and earth sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Song
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Mohammadi-Jam S, Waters K. Inverse gas chromatography applications: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 212:21-44. [PMID: 25092057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is a versatile, powerful, sensitive and relatively fast technique for characterizing the physicochemical properties of materials. Due to its applicability in determining surface properties of solids in any form such as films, fibres and powders of both crystalline and amorphous structures, IGC became a popular technique for surface characterization, used extensively soon after its development. One of the most appealing features of IGC that led to its popularity among analytical scientists in early years was its similarity in principle to analytical gas chromatography (GC). The main aspect which distinguishes IGC experiments from conventional GC is the role of mobile and stationary phases. Contrary to conventional GC, the material under investigation is placed in the chromatographic column and a known probe vapour is used to provide information on the surface. In this review, information concerning the history, instrumentation and applications is discussed. Examples of the many experiments developed for IGC method are selected and described. Materials that have been analysed include polymers, pharmaceuticals, minerals, surfactants, and nanomaterials. The properties that can be determined using the IGC technique include enthalpy and entropy of sorption, surface energy (dispersive and specific components), work of co/adhesion, miscibility and solubility parameters, surface heterogeneity, glass transition temperature, and specific surface area.
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