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Ding Y, Xi Y, Wang Y, Zhang R, Li D. Research progress on supramolecular structures of asphalt. JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (ENGLISH EDITION) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtte.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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2
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Responsive Nanostructure for Targeted Drug Delivery. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt4010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, intelligent, responsive biomaterials have been widely explored, considering the fact that responsive biomaterials provide controlled and predictable results in various biomedical systems. Responsive nanostructures undergo reversible or irreversible changes in the presence of a stimulus, and that stimuli can be temperature, a magnetic field, ultrasound, pH, humidity, pressure, light, electric field, etc. Different types of stimuli being used in drug delivery shall be explained here. Recent research progress in the design, development and applications of biomaterials comprising responsive nanostructures is also described here. More emphasis will be given on the various nanostructures explored for the smart stimuli responsive drug delivery at the target site such as wound healing, cancer therapy, inflammation, and pain management in order to achieve the improved efficacy and sustainability with the lowest side effects. However, it is still a big challenge to develop well-defined responsive nanostructures with ordered output; thus, challenges faced during the design and development of these nanostructures shall also be included in this article. Clinical perspectives and applicability of the responsive nanostructures in the targeted drug delivery shall be discussed here.
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Abe AA, Oliviero Rossi C, Caputo P. Biomaterials and Their Potentialities as Additives in Bitumen Technology: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248826. [PMID: 36557958 PMCID: PMC9783757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The carbon footprint reduction mandate and other eco-friendly policies currently in place are constantly driving the trend of the synthesis and application of sustainable functional materials. The bitumen industry is not an exception to this trend and, every day, new technologies that facilitate safer, cost effective and more sustainable industrial processes and road paving operations are being researched and brought to light. A lot of research is currently ongoing to improve bitumen's properties due to its use as a binder in road paving processes. Over the years, the most common method to improve bitumen's properties has been with the use of additives. The major drawback in the use of these additives is the fact that they are substances of strong chemical nature which are either too acidic, too basic or emit toxic fumes and volatile organic compounds into the environment. In the long run, these chemicals are also toxic to the road pavement personnel that carry out the day to day industrial and paving operations. This led researchers to the initiative of synthesizing and applying biomaterials to be used as additives for bitumen. In this light, several studies have investigated the use of substances such as bio-oils, natural waxes, gum, polysaccharides and natural rubber. This literature review is aimed at classifying the different bio-based materials used to improve bitumen's properties and to provide a deeper knowledge of the application of these biomaterials in bitumen technology. In general, we highlight how the research efforts elaborated herein could potentially foster safer, sustainable, eco-friendly approaches to improving bitumen's properties while also promoting a circular economy.
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Cao L, Huang Y, Parakhonskiy B, Skirtach AG. Nanoarchitectonics beyond perfect order - not quite perfect but quite useful. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15964-16002. [PMID: 36278502 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02537j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoarchitectonics, like architectonics, allows the design and building of structures, but at the nanoscale. Unlike those in architectonics, and even macro-, micro-, and atomic-scale architectonics, the assembled structures at the nanoscale do not always follow the projected design. In fact, they do follow the projected design but only for self-assembly processes producing structures with perfect order. Here, we look at nanoarchitectonics allowing the building of nanostructures without a perfect arrangement of building blocks. Here, fabrication of structures from molecules, polymers, nanoparticles, and nanosheets to polymer brushes, layer-by-layer assembly structures, and hydrogels through self-assembly processes is discussed, where perfect order is not necessarily the aim to be achieved. Both planar substrate and spherical template-based assemblies are discussed, showing the challenging nature of research in this field and the usefulness of such structures for numerous applications, which are also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yanqi Huang
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bogdan Parakhonskiy
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Low and high temperature characteristics of compounded and modified bitumens. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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When Physical Chemistry Meets Circular Economy to Solve Environmental Issues: How the ReScA Project Aims at Using Waste Pyrolysis Products to Improve and Rejuvenate Bitumens. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14105790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urban waste management is a hard task: more than 30% of the world’s total production of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) is not adequately handled, with landfilling remaining as a common practice. Another source of wastes is the road pavement industry: with a service life of about 10–15 years, asphalts become stiff, susceptible to cracks, and therefore no longer adapted for road paving, so they become wastes. To simultaneously solve these problems, a circular economy-based approach is proposed by the ReScA project, suggesting the use of pyrolysis to treat MSW (or its fractions as Refuse Derived Fuels, RDFs), whose residues (oil and char) can be used as added-value ingredients for the asphalt cycle. Char can be used to prepare better performing and durable asphalts, and oil can be used to regenerate exhaust asphalts, avoiding their landfilling. The proposed approach provides a different and more useful pathway in the end-of-waste (EoW) cycle of urban wastes. This proof of concept is suggested by the following two observations: (i) char is made up by carbonaceous particles highly compatible with the organic nature of bitumens, so its addition can reinforce the overall bitumen structure, increasing its mechanical properties and slowing down the molecular kinetics of its aging process; (ii) oil is rich in hydrocarbons, so it can enrich the poor fraction of the maltene phase in exhaust asphalts. These hypotheses have been proved by testing the residues derived from the pyrolysis of RDFs for the improvement of mechanical characteristics of a representative bitumen sample and its regeneration after aging. The proposed approach is suggested by the physico-chemical study of the materials involved, and aims to show how the chemical knowledge of complex systems, like bituminous materials, can help in solving environmental issues. We hope that this approach will be considered as a model method for the future.
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Lombardo D, Kiselev MA. Methods of Liposomes Preparation: Formation and Control Factors of Versatile Nanocarriers for Biomedical and Nanomedicine Application. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030543. [PMID: 35335920 PMCID: PMC8955843 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are nano-sized spherical vesicles composed of an aqueous core surrounded by one (or more) phospholipid bilayer shells. Owing to their high biocompatibility, chemical composition variability, and ease of preparation, as well as their large variety of structural properties, liposomes have been employed in a large variety of nanomedicine and biomedical applications, including nanocarriers for drug delivery, in nutraceutical fields, for immunoassays, clinical diagnostics, tissue engineering, and theranostics formulations. Particularly important is the role of liposomes in drug-delivery applications, as they improve the performance of the encapsulated drugs, reducing side effects and toxicity by enhancing its in vitro- and in vivo-controlled delivery and activity. These applications stimulated a great effort for the scale-up of the formation processes in view of suitable industrial development. Despite the improvements of conventional approaches and the development of novel routes of liposome preparation, their intrinsic sensitivity to mechanical and chemical actions is responsible for some critical issues connected with a limited colloidal stability and reduced entrapment efficiency of cargo molecules. This article analyzes the main features of the formation and fabrication techniques of liposome nanocarriers, with a special focus on the structure, parameters, and the critical factors that influence the development of a suitable and stable formulation. Recent developments and new methods for liposome preparation are also discussed, with the objective of updating the reader and providing future directions for research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lombardo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, 98158 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-39762222
| | - Mikhail A. Kiselev
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia;
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Dubna State University, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Moscow Region, Russia
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8
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Structure and dynamics of dibutylphosphate/n-propylamine ionic liquid: A multi-scale theoretical study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Olivito F, Algieri V, Jiritano A, Tallarida MA, Tursi A, Costanzo P, Maiuolo L, De Nino A. Cellulose citrate: a convenient and reusable bio-adsorbent for effective removal of methylene blue dye from artificially contaminated water. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34309-34318. [PMID: 35497294 PMCID: PMC9042361 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05464c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we proved the efficacy of cellulose citrate to remove methylene blue (MB) from artificially contaminated water. MB is a widely used dye, but because of its chemical aromatic structure, it is significantly stable with quite slow biodegradation, causing consequent serious health problems for people and significant environmental pollution. Cellulose citrate, the bio-adsorbent proposed and studied by us to remediate water polluted by MB, is produced by a green, cheap and fast procedure that makes use of two abundant natural products, cellulose and citric acid. The average of two citrate groups for each glucose unit of cellulose chains allows this material to have many carboxylic groups available for interaction with the cationic dye. The characterization was carried out through FT-IR, SEM, specific surface area, pore structure parameters and zeta potential. The negative value of the zeta potential at neutral pH is consistent with the affinity of this material for the adsorption of cationic compounds like MB. The activity of the adsorbent at different times, temperatures, pH and concentrations was investigated. The process followed monolayer adsorption typical of the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 96.2 mg g-1, while for the kinetic studies the process followed a pseudo-second order model. The highest levels of adsorption were reported using solutions of dye with concentrations under 100 mg L-1. The adsorbent can be regenerated several times without a significant loss in the adsorption capacity, and it is not strongly affected by temperature and pH, giving rise to a simple and eco-sustainable procedure for water remediation. Therefore, we conclude that cellulose citrate can be considered as a promising bio-adsorbent for the removal of MB and other cationic pollutants from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Olivito
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Chemical Preparations (LabOrSy), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria Rende CS Italy
| | - Vincenzo Algieri
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Chemical Preparations (LabOrSy), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria Rende CS Italy
| | - Antonio Jiritano
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Chemical Preparations (LabOrSy), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria Rende CS Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Tallarida
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Chemical Preparations (LabOrSy), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria Rende CS Italy
| | - Antonio Tursi
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Materials and Processes for Industry, Environment and Cultural Heritage (CF-INABEC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria Rende CS Italy
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Chemical Preparations (LabOrSy), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria Rende CS Italy
| | - Loredana Maiuolo
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Chemical Preparations (LabOrSy), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria Rende CS Italy
| | - Antonio De Nino
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Chemical Preparations (LabOrSy), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria Rende CS Italy
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An J, Choi JW, Son SR, Kim S, Park J, Park CB, Lee JH. Hierarchical and automatic construction of ultrathin polymer nanoarchitecture with islands of alkyl chains for spontaneous interfacial molecular alignment. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Ludwig M, Geisler R, Prévost S, von Klitzing R. Shape and Structure Formation of Mixed Nonionic-Anionic Surfactant Micelles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144136. [PMID: 34299413 PMCID: PMC8307929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous solutions of a nonionic surfactant (either Tween20 or BrijL23) and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) are investigated, using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). SANS spectra are analysed by using a core-shell model to describe the form factor of self-assembled surfactant micelles; the intermicellar interactions are modelled by using a hard-sphere Percus–Yevick (HS-PY) or a rescaled mean spherical approximation (RMSA) structure factor. Choosing these specific nonionic surfactants allows for comparison of the effect of branched (Tween20) and linear (BrijL23) surfactant headgroups, both constituted of poly-ethylene oxide (PEO) groups. The nonionic–anionic surfactant mixtures are studied at various concentrations up to highly concentrated samples (ϕ ≲ 0.45) and various mixing ratios, from pure nonionic to pure anionic surfactant solutions. The scattering data reveal the formation of mixed micelles already at concentrations below the critical micelle concentration of SDS. At higher volume fractions, excluded volume effects dominate the intermicellar structuring, even for charged micelles. In consequence, at high volume fractions, the intermicellar structuring is the same for charged and uncharged micelles. At all mixing ratios, almost spherical mixed micelles form. This offers the opportunity to create a system of colloidal particles with a variable surface charge. This excludes only roughly equimolar mixing ratios (X≈ 0.4–0.6) at which the micelles significantly increase in size and ellipticity due to specific sulfate–EO interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ludwig
- Soft Matter at Interfaces, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany; (M.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Ramsia Geisler
- Soft Matter at Interfaces, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany; (M.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- Large Scale Structures Group, DS/LSS, Institut Laue-Langevin, CEDEX 9, 38042 Grenoble, France;
| | - Regine von Klitzing
- Soft Matter at Interfaces, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany; (M.L.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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A Presentation of Ionic Liquids as Lubricants: Some Critical Comments. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquid materials at room temperature with an ionic intrinsic nature. The electrostatic interactions therefore play a pivotal role in dictating their inner structure, which is then expected to be far from the traditional pattern of classical simple liquids. Therefore, the strength of such interactions and their long-range effects are responsible for the ionic liquid high viscosity, a fact that itself suggests their possible use as lubricants. More interestingly, the possibility to establish a wide scenario of possible interactions with solid surfaces constitutes a specific added value in this use. In this framework, the ionic liquid complex molecular structure and the huge variety of possible interactions cause a complex aggregation pattern which can depend on the presence of the solid surface itself. Although there is plenty of literature focusing on the lubricant properties of ionic liquids and their applications, the aim of this contribution is, instead, to furnish to the reader a panoramic view of this exciting problematic, commenting on interesting and speculative aspects which are sometimes neglected in standard works and trying to furnish an enriched vision of the topic. The present work constitutes an easy-to-read critical point of view which tries to interact with the imagination of readers, hopefully leading to the discovery of novel aspects and interconnections and ultimately stimulating new ideas and research.
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Moon G, Lee JH. Environmentally sustainable color-switchable alignment layer formed by nanoscale interfacial self-assembly of chlorophyll biomolecules. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1834-1841. [PMID: 33399616 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01900c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The precise alignment of liquid crystals (LCs) is crucial in the fabrication of LC devices because this arrangement can determine the performance of optoelectronic devices. Conventionally, LC alignment is achieved using a thin layer of elaborate polyimide materials. However, these materials require not only complicated synthetic processes using significant amounts of toxic chemicals, but also a time-consuming high-temperature curing process involving a long period of energy consumption. Thus, the development of environmentally sustainable alignment materials is a fundamental way to conserve energy and reduce the use of hazardous substances. Herein, we present an environmentally sustainable strategy to fabricate a functional vertical alignment layer for nematic LCs through interfacial self-assembly of chlorophyll biomolecules. A novel functional alignment layer was prepared using a simple and environmentally-friendly approach by doping chlorophyll extracted from plants, which are abundant in nature, into LC medium. It has been experimentally proven that amphiphilic chlorophyll biomolecules were self-assembled on the indium tin oxide surface through hydrogen bonding between a porphyrin ring and hydroxyl group, and therefore the stable homeotropic alignment of LC was achieved through the van der Waals interaction between the hydrocarbon tail and LC molecule. In addition, the nanoscale self-assembled alignment layer of chlorophyll molecules exhibited color-switchable behavior under visible and ultraviolet light. This simple and eco-friendly approach provided excellent electro-optical properties comparable to those of a commercial polyimide layer, while achieving a very stable and cost-effective vertical alignment layer capable of color switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitae Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyup Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Non-ideal mixing behavior in dibutyl phosphate-propylamine binary liquids: Dielectric and nuclear magnetic resonance investigations. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Lombardo D, Calandra P, Kiselev MA. Structural Characterization of Biomaterials by Means of Small Angle X-rays and Neutron Scattering (SAXS and SANS), and Light Scattering Experiments. Molecules 2020; 25:E5624. [PMID: 33260426 PMCID: PMC7730346 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scattering techniques represent non-invasive experimental approaches and powerful tools for the investigation of structure and conformation of biomaterial systems in a wide range of distances, ranging from the nanometric to micrometric scale. More specifically, small-angle X-rays and neutron scattering and light scattering techniques represent well-established experimental techniques for the investigation of the structural properties of biomaterials and, through the use of suitable models, they allow to study and mimic various biological systems under physiologically relevant conditions. They provide the ensemble averaged (and then statistically relevant) information under in situ and operando conditions, and represent useful tools complementary to the various traditional imaging techniques that, on the contrary, reveal more local structural information. Together with the classical structure characterization approaches, we introduce the basic concepts that make it possible to examine inter-particles interactions, and to study the growth processes and conformational changes in nanostructures, which have become increasingly relevant for an accurate understanding and prediction of various mechanisms in the fields of biotechnology and nanotechnology. The upgrade of the various scattering techniques, such as the contrast variation or time resolved experiments, offers unique opportunities to study the nano- and mesoscopic structure and their evolution with time in a way not accessible by other techniques. For this reason, highly performant instruments are installed at most of the facility research centers worldwide. These new insights allow to largely ameliorate the control of (chemico-physical and biologic) processes of complex (bio-)materials at the molecular length scales, and open a full potential for the development and engineering of a variety of nano-scale biomaterials for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lombardo
- CNR-IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Calandra
- CNR-ISMN, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Studio Materiali Nanostrutturati, 00015 Roma, Italy;
| | - Mikhail A. Kiselev
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Moscow, Russia;
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Sulfonated Cellulose-Based Magnetic Composite as Useful Media for Water Remediation from Amine Pollutants. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was functionalized using chlorosulfonic acid, while iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were adsorbed on the surface of the cellulose derivative by the Massart’s co-precipitation method. The obtained magnetite-decorated sulfate cellulose nanoparticles (MDSCNs) were characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning-electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analysis, while the acidity of the functionalized cellulose was determined using an acid–base titration with phenolphthalein as an indicator. Furthermore, in order to determine the adsorptive power of the obtained composite, a series of analyses were performed on aqueous amine pollutants using flame ionization detection gas chromatography (GC-FID). The results of this study clearly show how a bio-compatible green polymer as cellulose can be easy functionalized in order to improve its chemical and physical properties, obtaining a magnetic composite useful in water purification. Adsorption percentages up to 90% and a very small amount of composite used (100 mg) proved how our material can be a powerful tool in environmental remediation.
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NMR Diffusiometry Spectroscopy, a Novel Technique for Monitoring the Micro-Modifications in Bitumen Ageing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10165409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past three decades, several conventional methods have been employed for characterizing the bitumen ageing phenomenon, such as rheological testing, ultraviolet testing, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), gas chromatography (GC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nevertheless, these techniques can provide only limited observations of the structural micro-modifications occurring during bitumen ageing. In this study, Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance self-diffusion coefficient (FT-NMR-SDC) spectroscopy, as a novel method, was employed to investigate and compare the microstructural changes between virgin bitumen (pristine bitumen) and aged bitumen. The virgin bitumen was aged artificially using two standard ageing tests: Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test (RTFOT) and Pressure Ageing Vessel (PAV). For a comprehensive comparison and an assessment of the validity of this method, the generated samples were studied using various methods: rheological test, atomic force microscopy, and optical microscopy. Significant differences were obtained between the structure and ageing patterns of virgin and aged bitumen. The results indicate that the modification of maltenes to asphaltenes is responsible for the ageing character. When compared with the other methods’ findings, FT-NMR-SDC observations confirm that the asphaltene content increases during ageing processes.
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Exploiting Nanoparticles to Improve the Properties of Bitumens and Asphalts: At What Extent Is It Really Worth It? APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Asphalt concretes are materials used worldwide. It is well-known that in such materials the minor component, the bitumen, plays the most important role since it binds the high fraction (>95%) of inorganic macrometer-sized particles ensuring a coherent material fit for uses in road pavement. Additives can be used to increase the overall rheological properties, with high benefits in terms of resistance to mechanical stress and to ageing. Among these, nanoparticles have recently been considered as very effective additives in increasing the overall performance, increasing the viscosity, the rutting parameter and the recovery from deformation. However, they are expensive, so a delicate equilibrium between costs and benefits must be found for large-scale uses. In this framework, we furnish our critical analysis of the state-of-the art technologies used for improving the bitumen performances by means of nanoparticles with an eye to eventual added-values (like anti-oxidant effect, antistripping properties, or UV radiation screening which avoids radiation-induced ageing…). We will critically consider the costs involved in their use and we will give our opinion about vanguard techniques which can be fit for the analysis of nanoparticles-containing bitumens and asphalts. Interesting perspectives will be also given for future research and applications.
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Kou C, Wu X, Xiao P, Liu Y, Wu Z. Physical, Rheological, and Morphological Properties of Asphalt Reinforced by Basalt Fiber and Lignin Fiber. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13112520. [PMID: 32492850 PMCID: PMC7321459 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Studies show that each kind of fiber has its own advantages in improving the properties of asphalt binders. However, there are very limited research studies about mixed fiber-reinforced asphalt (MFRA). In this study, two kinds of fibers, basalt fiber (BF) and lignin fiber (LF), were selected to reinforce SBS (styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer)-modified asphalt, which is now widely used in pavement engineering. MFRA samples with different fiber mix ratios (FMRs) were prepared for the tests of softening point, ductility, and rheological properties, the micromorphology of which was studied by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The oil (asphalt) absorption rates of mixed fibers with different FMRs were also tested. The results show that the properties of MFRA were affected by the physical and chemical properties of fibers. Basalt fiber can better strengthen the physical properties of MFRA, while lignin fiber is good for improving the rheological properties, and the oil absorption rate of lignin fiber is higher than that of basalt fiber. Furthermore, the best FMR calculated by the efficacy coefficient method (ECM) was recommended as 1:2 (BF:LF). An interface layer between the fiber and asphalt was observed from the micro images, proving that the fibers bond well with the asphalt. Generally, mixing BF and LF together into SBS-modified asphalt could make full use of the advantages of different fibers and reinforce the comprehensive performance of MFRA better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Kou
- College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (X.W.); (P.X.); (Z.W.)
- Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1586-132-0609
| | - Xing Wu
- College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (X.W.); (P.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Peng Xiao
- College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (X.W.); (P.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yang Liu
- Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Zhengguang Wu
- College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (X.W.); (P.X.); (Z.W.)
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Lombardo D, Calandra P, Pasqua L, Magazù S. Self-assembly of Organic Nanomaterials and Biomaterials: The Bottom-Up Approach for Functional Nanostructures Formation and Advanced Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1048. [PMID: 32110877 PMCID: PMC7084717 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we survey recent advances in the self-assembly processes of novel functional platforms for nanomaterials and biomaterials applications. We provide an organized overview, by analyzing the main factors that influence the formation of organic nanostructured systems, while putting into evidence the main challenges, limitations and emerging approaches in the various fields of nanotechology and biotechnology. We outline how the building blocks properties, the mutual and cooperative interactions, as well as the initial spatial configuration (and environment conditions) play a fundamental role in the construction of efficient nanostructured materials with desired functional properties. The insertion of functional endgroups (such as polymers, peptides or DNA) within the nanostructured units has enormously increased the complexity of morphologies and functions that can be designed in the fabrication of bio-inspired materials capable of mimicking biological activity. However, unwanted or uncontrollable effects originating from unexpected thermodynamic perturbations or complex cooperative interactions interfere at the molecular level with the designed assembly process. Correction and harmonization of unwanted processes is one of the major challenges of the next decades and requires a deeper knowledge and understanding of the key factors that drive the formation of nanomaterials. Self-assembly of nanomaterials still remains a central topic of current research located at the interface between material science and engineering, biotechnology and nanomedicine, and it will continue to stimulate the renewed interest of biologist, physicists and materials engineers by combining the principles of molecular self-assembly with the concept of supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lombardo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Calandra
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Studio Materiali Nanostrutturati, 00015 Roma, Italy;
| | - Luigi Pasqua
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Magazù
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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Abstract
Foams are a common occurrence in many industries and many of these applications require the foam to interact with porous materials. For the first time interaction of foams with porous media has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically by O. Arjmandi-Tash et al. It was found that there are three different regimes of the drainage process for foams in contact with porous media: rapid, intermediate and slow imbibition. Foam formation using soft porous media has only been investigated recently, the foam was made using a compression device with soft porous media containing surfactant solution. During the investigation, it was found that the maximum amount of foam is produced when the concentration of the foaming agent (dishwashing surfactant) is in the range of 60–80% m/m. The amount of foam produced was independent of the pore size of the media in the investigated range of pore sizes. This study is expanded using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), which has the same critical micelle concentration as the commercial dishwashing surfactant, where the foam is formed using the same porous media and compression device. During the investigation, it was found that 10 times the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is the optimum concentration for a pure SDS surfactant solution to create foam. Any further increase in concentration after that point resulted in no further mass of foam being generated.
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Optical Birefringence Growth Driven by Magnetic Field in Liquids: The Case of Dibutyl Phosphate/Propylamine System. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetically-induced birefringence is usually low in molecular liquids owing to the low magnetic energy of molecules with respect to the thermal one. Despite this, it has been found that a mixture of dibutyl phosphate and propylamine at propylamine molar ratio (X) around 0.33 surprisingly gives an intense effect (∆n/λ ≈ −0.1 at 1 Tesla). In this paper the time- and intensity- response to the magnetic field of such mixture have been studied. It was found that the reaction to the magnetic field is unusually slow (from several minutes to hours) depending of the magnetic field intensity. On the basis of the data, the model of orientable dipoles dispersed in a matrix enables to interpret the magnetic field-induced self-assembly in terms of soft molecules-based nanostructures. The analogy with systems made of magnetically polarizable (solid or soft) particles dispersed in liquid carrier allows understanding, at the microscopic scale, the molecular origin and the supra-molecular dynamics involved in the observed behavior. The data present a novel phenomenon in liquid phase where the progressive building up/change of ordered and strongly interacting amphiphiles is driven by the magnetic field.
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Cu(I) Coordination Complex Precursor for Randomized CuO x Microarray Loaded on Carbon Nanofiber with Excellent Electrocatalytic Performance for Electrochemical Glucose Detection. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19245353. [PMID: 31817245 PMCID: PMC6960723 DOI: 10.3390/s19245353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A homoleptic ionic Cu(I) coordination complex that was based on 2,2′-biquinoline ligand functionalized with long alkyl chains (Cu(I)–C18) was used as a precursor to modify a carbon nanofiber paste electrode (Cu–C18/CNF). Randomized copper oxide microelectrode arrays dispersed within carbon nanofiber paste (CuOx/CNF) were obtained by electrochemical treatment of Cu–C18/CNF while using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CuOx/CNF exhibited high electrocatalytic activity towards glucose oxidation at +0.6 V and +1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterized the electrodes composition. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave-voltammetry (SWV), and multiple-pulsed amperometry (MPA) techniques provided optimized conditions for glucose oxidation and detection. A preconcentration step that involved 10 minutes accumulation at open circuit potential before SWV running led to the lowest limit of detection and the highest sensitivity for glucose detection (5419.77 µA·mM−1·cm−2 at + 1.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl) vs. Cu-based electrodes reported to date in literature.
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Castrovilli MC, Bolognesi P, Chiarinelli J, Avaldi L, Calandra P, Antonacci A, Scognamiglio V. The convergence of forefront technologies in the design of laccase-based biosensors – An update. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Caputo P, Loise V, Ashimova S, Teltayev B, Vaiana R, Oliviero Rossi C. Inverse Laplace Transform (ILT) NMR: A powerful tool to differentiate a real rejuvenator and a softener of aged bitumen. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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de Araújo PR, Calixto GMF, da Silva IC, de Paula Zago LH, Oshiro Junior JA, Pavan FR, Ribeiro AO, Fontana CR, Chorilli M. Mucoadhesive In Situ Gelling Liquid Crystalline Precursor System to Improve the Vaginal Administration of Drugs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:225. [PMID: 31214798 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaginal mucosa is a very promising route for drug administration due to its high permeability and the possibility to bypass first pass metabolism; however, current vaginal dosage forms present low retention times due to their dilution in vaginal fluids, which hampers the efficacy of many pharmacological treatments. In order to overcome these problems, this study proposes to develop a mucoadhesive in situ gelling liquid crystalline precursor system composed of 30% of oleic acid and cholesterol (7:1), 40% of ethoxylated and propoxylated cetyl alcohol, and 30% of a dispersion of 16% Poloxamer 407. The effect of the dilution with simulated vaginal fluid (SVF) on this system was evaluated by polarized light microscopy (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), rheological studies, texture profile analysis (TPA), mucoadhesion study, in vitro drug release test using hypericin (HYP) as drug model, and cytotoxicity assay. PLM and SAXS confirmed the formation of an isotropic system. After the addition of three different concentrations of SVF (30, 50, and 100%), the resultant formulations presented anisotropy and characteristics of viscous lamellar phases. Rheology shows that formulations with SVF behaved as a non-Newtonian fluid with suitable shear thinning for vaginal application. TPA and mucoadhesion assays indicated the formation of long-range ordered systems as the amount of SVF increases which may assist in the fixation of the formulation on the vaginal mucosa. The formulations were able to control about 75% of the released HYP demonstrating a sustained release profile. Finally, all formulations acted as safe vaginal drug delivery systems.
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Prajapati PK, Kansara AM, Aswal VK, Singh PS. High oxygen permeable Zeolite‐4A poly(dimethylsiloxane) membrane for air separation. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K. Prajapati
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR‐Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research GB Marg, Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR‐Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research GB Marg, Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
| | - Ankit M. Kansara
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR‐Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research GB Marg, Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR‐Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research GB Marg, Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
| | - Vinod K. Aswal
- Solid State Physics DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay, Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Puyam S. Singh
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR‐Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research GB Marg, Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR‐Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research GB Marg, Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
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Maiuolo L, Russo B, Algieri V, Nardi M, Di Gioia ML, Tallarida MA, De Nino A. Regioselective synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition: Role of Er(OTf)3, ionic liquid and water. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ariga K, Nishikawa M, Mori T, Takeya J, Shrestha LK, Hill JP. Self-assembly as a key player for materials nanoarchitectonics. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019; 20:51-95. [PMID: 30787960 PMCID: PMC6374972 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2018.1553108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of science and technology of advanced materials using nanoscale units can be conducted by a novel concept involving combination of nanotechnology methodology with various research disciplines, especially supramolecular chemistry. The novel concept is called 'nanoarchitectonics' where self-assembly processes are crucial in many cases involving a wide range of component materials. This review of self-assembly processes re-examines recent progress in materials nanoarchitectonics. It is composed of three main sections: (1) the first short section describes typical examples of self-assembly research to outline the matters discussed in this review; (2) the second section summarizes self-assemblies at interfaces from general viewpoints; and (3) the final section is focused on self-assembly processes at interfaces. The examples presented demonstrate the strikingly wide range of possibilities and future potential of self-assembly processes and their important contribution to materials nanoarchitectonics. The research examples described in this review cover variously structured objects including molecular machines, molecular receptors, molecular pliers, molecular rotors, nanoparticles, nanosheets, nanotubes, nanowires, nanoflakes, nanocubes, nanodisks, nanoring, block copolymers, hyperbranched polymers, supramolecular polymers, supramolecular gels, liquid crystals, Langmuir monolayers, Langmuir-Blodgett films, self-assembled monolayers, thin films, layer-by-layer structures, breath figure motif structures, two-dimensional molecular patterns, fullerene crystals, metal-organic frameworks, coordination polymers, coordination capsules, porous carbon spheres, mesoporous materials, polynuclear catalysts, DNA origamis, transmembrane channels, peptide conjugates, and vesicles, as well as functional materials for sensing, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photovoltaics, charge transport, excitation energy transfer, light-harvesting, photocatalysts, field effect transistors, logic gates, organic semiconductors, thin-film-based devices, drug delivery, cell culture, supramolecular differentiation, molecular recognition, molecular tuning, and hand-operating (hand-operated) nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Taizo Mori
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Jun Takeya
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Lok Kumar Shrestha
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, Japan
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Lombardo D, Munaò G, Calandra P, Pasqua L, Caccamo MT. Evidence of pre-micellar aggregates in aqueous solution of amphiphilic PDMS-PEO block copolymer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11983-11991. [PMID: 31134980 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02195g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly process in a water solution of an amphiphilic polydimethylsiloxane-b-polyethyleneoxide (PDMS-PEO) diblock copolymer was investigated by means of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments in the concentration region below (and near) the critical micellar concentration (c.m.c. = 0.007 g cm-3). In the highly diluted region, at the copolymer concentration of c = 0.002 g cm-3, the early stage of the self-assembly process was characterized by the formation of small (primary) micellar units (with a radius of R = 2.7 nm) with core-shell morphology, which coexisted with larger supramolecular aggregates of entangled micelles (with an average radius of R = 9.5 nm). The increase in the copolymer concentration (to c = 0.005 and c = 0.01 g cm-3) caused increase in the sizes of both the small micelles and supra-micellar aggregates. Interestingly, at the concentration of c = 0.005 g cm-3, both the size and micelle aggregation number (Nagg) were found to increase on increasing the temperature in the range of 10 ≤ T ≤ 55 °C. This phenomenon was characterised by the dehydration process of the ethylene oxide (EO) segments, as evidenced by the calculation of excess water in the hydrophilic shell of the micelles. The more compact (less hydrated) structure of the hydrophilic PEO chains, which strongly influenced the spontaneous curvature of the amphiphile hydrophilic region, turned out to be the driving factor that favoured the increase in the micelle aggregation number with the increase in temperature. The obtained results evidence that the self-assembly process of PDMS-PEO copolymer amphiphiles is a gradual process that is already present at the very low concentration region (far below the macroscopically determined c.m.c.); moreover, it is characterised by a multi-stage organization process, where the primary building blocks self-assemble into more complex secondary structures that encompass multiple length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lombardo
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici - (Sez. Messina) Viale, F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 37, I-98158, Messina, Italy.
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31
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Parshad B, Yadav P, Kerkhoff Y, Mittal A, Achazi K, Haag R, Sharma SK. Dendrimer-based micelles as cyto-compatible nanocarriers. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02612f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to compare the synthesized dendritic architectures in terms of self-assembly and transport potential for hydrophobic guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badri Parshad
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110 007
- India
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
| | - Preeti Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110 007
- India
| | - Yannic Kerkhoff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Ayushi Mittal
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110 007
- India
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Sunil K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110 007
- India
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Facile fabrication of robust fluorine-free self-cleaning cotton textiles with superhydrophobicity, photocatalytic activity, and UV durability. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Rashmi, Singh AK, Achazi K, Schade B, Böttcher C, Haag R, Sharma SK. Synthesis of non-ionic bolaamphiphiles and study of their self-assembly and transport behaviour for drug delivery applications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31777-31782. [PMID: 35548236 PMCID: PMC9085746 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05921g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of four bolaamphiphiles with different hydrophilic units has been synthesised. All the amphiphiles were well characterised from their physiochemical data. The aggregation tendency of newly synthesised amphiphiles was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Furthermore, their application as nanocarriers for hydrophobic guests was demonstrated by using two established standards, i.e. the dye Nile red and the drug nimodipine. A cytotoxicity and cellular uptake study has been carried out using A549 cells. Due to the presence of an ester linkage in PEG based bolaamphiphiles, a drug release study was performed in the presence of an immobilized enzyme Novozym-435 (a lipase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi 110 007 India +91-11-27666646
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi 110 007 India +91-11-27666646
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany +49-30-838-452633 +49-30-838-52633
| | - Boris Schade
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 36a 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 36a 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany +49-30-838-452633 +49-30-838-52633
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi 110 007 India +91-11-27666646
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Turco Liveri V, Lombardo D, Pochylski M, Calandra P. Molecular association of small amphiphiles: Origin of ionic liquid properties in dibutyl phosphate/propylamine binary mixtures. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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35
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Lombardo D, Calandra P, Magazù S, Wanderlingh U, Barreca D, Pasqua L, Kiselev MA. Soft nanoparticles charge expression within lipid membranes: The case of amino terminated dendrimers in bilayers vesicles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 170:609-616. [PMID: 29975909 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of charged nanoparticles with model bio-membranes provide important insights about the soft interaction involved and the physico-chemical parameters that influence lipid bilayers stability, thus providing key features of their cytotoxicity effects onto cellular membranes. With this aim, the self-assembly processes between polyamidoamine dendrimers (generation G = 2.0 and G = 4.0) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipids were investigated by means of Zeta potential analysis, x-rays, Raman and quasielastic light scattering experiments. Raman scattering data evidenced that dendrimers penetration produce a perturbation of the DPPC vesicles alkyl chains. A linear increase of liposome zeta-potential with increasing PAMAM concentration evidenced that only a fraction of the dendrimers effective charge contributes to the expression of the charge at the surface of the DPPC liposome. The linear region of the zeta-potential extends toward higher PAMAM concentrations as the dendrimer generation decreases from G = 4.0 to G = 2.0. Further increase in PAMAM concentration, outside of the linear region, causes a perturbation of the bilayer characterized by the loss in multilamellar correlation and the increase of DPPC liposome hydrodynamic radius. The findings of our investigation help to rationalize the effect of nanoparticles electrostatic interaction within lipid vesicles as well as to provide important insights about the perturbation of lipid bilayers membrane induced by nanoparticles inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lombardo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, 98158 Messina, Italy.
| | - Pietro Calandra
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Studio Materiali Nanostrutturati, 00015 Roma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Magazù
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ulderico Wanderlingh
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali, Università di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Pasqua
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Mikhail A Kiselev
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow 141980, Russia
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Priyam A, Shivhare K, Yadav S, Sharma AK, Kumar P. Enhanced solubility and self-assembly of amphiphilic sulfasalazine-PEG-OMe (S-PEG) conjugate into core-shell nanostructures useful for colonic drug delivery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Prajapati PK, Kansara AM, Aswal VK, Singh PS. Effect of Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-8 nanocrystals on hydrocarbon permselective Poly(dimethylsiloxane) membrane as probed by small-angle neutron scattering. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Swami KR, Kumaresan R, Venkatesan KA, Antony MP. Minimizing the aggregation of diglycolamide reverse micelles in the n-dodecane phase with bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid “reactive” phase modifier. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
“Reactive“ phase modifiers enhance the extraction of trivalent metal ions through synergism and prevent third phase formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Rama Swami
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam 603 102
- India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
| | - R. Kumaresan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam 603 102
- India
| | - K. A. Venkatesan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam 603 102
- India
| | - M. P. Antony
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam 603 102
- India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
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Nebgen BT, Magurudeniya HD, Kwock KWC, Ringstrand BS, Ahmed T, Seifert S, Zhu JX, Tretiak S, Firestone MA. Design principles from multiscale simulations to predict nanostructure in self-assembling ionic liquids. Faraday Discuss 2017; 206:159-181. [PMID: 28956588 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations (up to the nanoscale) were performed on the 3-methyl-1-pentylimidazolium ionic liquid cation paired with three anions; chloride, nitrate, and thiocyanate as aqueous mixtures, using the effective fragment potential (EFP) method, a computationally inexpensive way of modeling intermolecular interactions. The simulations provided insight (preferred geometries, radial distribution functions and theoretical proton NMR resonances) into the interactions within the ionic domain and are validated against 1H NMR spectroscopy and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments on 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium. Ionic liquids containing thiocyanate typically resist gelation and form poorly ordered lamellar structures upon mixing with water. Conversely, chloride, a strongly coordinating anion, normally forms strong physical gels and produces well-ordered nanostructures adopting a variety of structural motifs over a very wide range of water compositions. Nitrate is intermediate in character, whereby upon dispersal in water it displays a range of viscosities and self-assembles into nanostructures with considerable variability in the fidelity of ordering and symmetry, as a function of water content in the binary mixtures. The observed changes in the macro and nanoscale characteristics were directly correlated to ionic domain structures and intermolecular interactions as theoretically predicted by the analysis of MD trajectories and calculated RDFs. Specifically, both chloride and nitrate are positioned in the plane of the cation. Anion to cation proximity is dependent on water content. Thiocyanate is more susceptible to water insertion into the second solvent shell. Experimental 1H NMR chemical shifts monitor the site-specific competition dependence with water content in the binary mixtures. Thiocyanate preferentially sits above and below the aromatic ring plane, a state disallowing interaction with the protons on the imidazolium ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Nebgen
- Materials Physics & Applications, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, USA 87545. and Theoretical Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, USA 87545
| | - Harsha D Magurudeniya
- Materials Physics & Applications, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, USA 87545.
| | - Kevin W C Kwock
- Materials Physics & Applications, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, USA 87545.
| | - Bryan S Ringstrand
- Materials Physics & Applications, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, USA 87545.
| | - Towfiq Ahmed
- Theoretical Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, USA 87545
| | - Sönke Seifert
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA 60439
| | - Jian-Xin Zhu
- Materials Physics & Applications, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, USA 87545. and Theoretical Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, USA 87545
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Materials Physics & Applications, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, USA 87545. and Theoretical Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, USA 87545
| | - Millicent A Firestone
- Materials Physics & Applications, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, USA 87545.
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Spectroscopic properties of an amphiphilic naphthalimide derivative with high surface activity and detection of trace salt in the water as a fluorescent sensor. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Yang HK, Liu LL, Yuan X, Wu SM. Using a facile experimental manipulation to fabricate and tune a polyoxometalate-cholesterol hybrid material. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 496:150-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Röder R, Preiß T, Hirschle P, Steinborn B, Zimpel A, Höhn M, Rädler JO, Bein T, Wagner E, Wuttke S, Lächelt U. Multifunctional Nanoparticles by Coordinative Self-Assembly of His-Tagged Units with Metal–Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2359-2368. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Röder
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience
(CeNS), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Preiß
- Department
of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Hirschle
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Steinborn
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience
(CeNS), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Zimpel
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Höhn
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience
(CeNS), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim O. Rädler
- Department
of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience
(CeNS), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lächelt
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience
(CeNS), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Lee YJ, Chung S, Ahn YD, Kang B, Lee JY, Seo J. Self-assembling Helical Rod-Coil Peptoid Amphiphiles. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Jea Lee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Solchan Chung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Deok Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Boyeong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
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Lombardo D, Calandra P, Barreca D, Magazù S, Kiselev MA. Soft Interaction in Liposome Nanocarriers for Therapeutic Drug Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 6:E125. [PMID: 28335253 PMCID: PMC5224599 DOI: 10.3390/nano6070125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of smart nanocarriers for the delivery of therapeutic drugs has experienced considerable expansion in recent decades, with the development of new medicines devoted to cancer treatment. In this respect a wide range of strategies can be developed by employing liposome nanocarriers with desired physico-chemical properties that, by exploiting a combination of a number of suitable soft interactions, can facilitate the transit through the biological barriers from the point of administration up to the site of drug action. As a result, the materials engineer has generated through the bottom up approach a variety of supramolecular nanocarriers for the encapsulation and controlled delivery of therapeutics which have revealed beneficial developments for stabilizing drug compounds, overcoming impediments to cellular and tissue uptake, and improving biodistribution of therapeutic compounds to target sites. Herein we present recent advances in liposome drug delivery by analyzing the main structural features of liposome nanocarriers which strongly influence their interaction in solution. More specifically, we will focus on the analysis of the relevant soft interactions involved in drug delivery processes which are responsible of main behaviour of soft nanocarriers in complex physiological fluids. Investigation of the interaction between liposomes at the molecular level can be considered an important platform for the modeling of the molecular recognition processes occurring between cells. Some relevant strategies to overcome the biological barriers during the drug delivery of the nanocarriers are presented which outline the main structure-properties relationships as well as their advantages (and drawbacks) in therapeutic and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lombardo
- National Research Council, Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Messina 98158, Italy.
| | - Pietro Calandra
- National Research Council, Institute of Nanostructured Materials, Roma 00015, Italy.
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, biological, pharmaceutical and environmental, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Magazù
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Mikhail A Kiselev
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow 141980, Russia.
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Dewald I, Gensel J, Betthausen E, Borisov OV, Müller AHE, Schacher FH, Fery A. Splitting of Surface-Immobilized Multicompartment Micelles into Clusters upon Charge Inversion. ACS NANO 2016; 10:5180-5188. [PMID: 27101441 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a morphological transition of surface-immobilized triblock terpolymer micelles: the splitting into well-defined clusters of satellite micelles upon pH changes. The multicompartment micelles are formed in aqueous solution of ABC triblock terpolymers consisting of a hydrophobic polybutadiene block, a weak polyanionic poly(methacrylic acid) block, and a weak polycationic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) block. They are subsequently immobilized on silicon wafer surfaces by dip-coating. The splitting process is triggered by a pH change to strongly basic pH, which goes along with a charge reversal of the micelles. We find that the aggregation number of the submicelles is well-defined and that larger micelles have a tendency to split into a larger number of submicelles. Furthermore, there is a clear preference for clusters consisting of doublets and triplets of submicelles. The morphology of surface-immobilized clusters can be "quenched" by returning to the original pH. Thus, such well-defined micellar clusters can be stabilized and are available as colloidal building blocks for the formation of hierarchical surface structures. We discuss the underlying physicochemical principles of the splitting process considering changes in charge and total free energy of the micelles upon pH change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Dewald
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Julia Gensel
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Eva Betthausen
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Oleg V Borisov
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254 CNRS/UPPA , 2 av. P. Angot, 64053 Pau, France
- Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnic University , 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Axel H E Müller
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
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