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Wei C, Jiang F, Cao Q, Liu M, Wang J, Ji L, Yu Z, Shi M, Li F. Insights into the Mechanism of Efficient Cr(VI) Removal from Aqueous Solution by Iron-Rich Wheat Straw Hydrochar: Coupling DFT Calculation with Experiments. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13355-13364. [PMID: 38952283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural solid waste has become one of the raw materials for hydrothermal carbon production, promoting resource utilization. This study synthesized two types of ball-milling carbons (Fe-MHBC vs MHBC) with and without FeCl3 modification using wheat straw hydrochars. Cr(VI) adsorption on these two types of ball-milling carbons was investigated. According to Langmuir's maximum adsorption capacity analysis, Fe-MHBC had a capacity of 116.29 mg g-1. The thermodynamic analysis based on isothermal adsorption reveals the spontaneous process of the reaction between the two materials. The adsorption of Cr(VI) on Fe-MHBC exhibited excellent agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that Fe(II) in the material reduced Cr(VI) when it participated in the reaction. The acidic conditions facilitate the elimination of Cr(VI). The Fe-MHBC has a higher zeta potential, which enhances the electrostatic attraction of Cr(VI) particles. Even with a starting pH of 10, the removal rate can be consistently maintained at over 64%. The adsorption of Cr(VI) was inhibited by various anions and higher ion concentrations. Density functional theory demonstrates that the presence of Fe enhances the adsorption capacity and electron transfer flux of Cr(VI). Fe-MHBC effectively eliminates Cr(VI) by the process of electrostatic adsorption, redox, and complexation reactions. This study demonstrated that hydrochar materials modified by FeCl3 through a ball-milling process show considerable potential as effective adsorbents in the treatment of Cr(VI) pollution, offering a viable and environmentally friendly solution for mitigating this prevalent environmental issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Wei
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233010, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233010, China
| | - Qi Cao
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233010, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233010, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233010, China
| | - Licheng Ji
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233010, China
| | - Zhongpu Yu
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233010, China
| | - Mengting Shi
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233010, China
| | - Feiyue Li
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233010, China
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Hu W, Zhang X, Chen M, Rahman ST, Li X, Wang G. Enhancing Cr (VI) Adsorption of Chestnut Shell Biochar through H 3PO 4 Activation and Nickel Doping. Molecules 2024; 29:2220. [PMID: 38792083 PMCID: PMC11124291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A high-efficiency nickel-doped porous biochar (PCNi3) has been successfully synthesized from chestnut shell waste via a two-step chemical activation treatment with H3PO4. The influences of microstructure, surface morphology, elemental composition, surface functional groups, specific surface area, porosity, pore-size distribution, and chemical properties of the surface state on the removal of Cr (VI) from water were thoroughly investigated by using XRD, FESEM, FTIR, Raman, BET, and XPS testing methods, N2 adsorption, and XPS testing techniques respectively. The results indicate that the treatment of H3PO4 activation and nickel doping can effectively improve microstructure characteristics, thus promoting Cr (VI) adsorption capacity. The effects of initial solution pH, solution concentration, time, and temperature on remediation are revealed. The Cr (VI) uptake experiments imply that the adsorption curves of PCNi3 fit well with the Freundlich model, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the Elovich model. The adsorption process of PCNi3 can be regarded as a spontaneous endothermic reaction limited by diffusion among particles and porosity. The adsorption mechanisms of PCNi3 are ion exchange, complexation, electrostatic adsorption, and coprecipitation with the assistance of surface active sites, porosity, Ni0 particles, and Ni7P3. With these advantages, PCNi3 reveals an extraordinary Cr (VI) removal capacity and a strong ability to reduce Cr (VI) to Cr (III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- School of Information Engineering, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China (S.T.R.)
| | - Ming Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China (S.T.R.)
| | - Sheikh Tamjidur Rahman
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China (S.T.R.)
| | - Xin Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China (S.T.R.)
| | - Geming Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China (S.T.R.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Nguyen DV, Nguyen HM, Bui QLN, Do TVT, Lam HH, Tran-Thuy TM, Nguyen LQ. Magnetic Activated Carbon from ZnCl 2 and FeCl 3 Coactivation of Lotus Seedpod: One-Pot Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity towards Robust Degradation of Acid Orange 10. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2023; 2023:3848456. [PMID: 37324575 PMCID: PMC10264712 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3848456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lotus seedpods (LSPs) are an abundant and underutilized agricultural residue discarded from lotus seed production. In this study, ZnCl2 and FeCl3 coactivation of LSP for one-pot preparation of magnetic activated carbon (MAC) was explored for the first time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that Fe3O4, Fe0, and ZnO crystals were formed in the LSP-derived carbon matrix. Notably, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the shapes of these components consisted of not only nanoparticles but also nanowires. Fe and Zn contents in MAC determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) were 6.89 and 3.94 wt%, respectively. Moreover, SBET and Vtotal of MAC prepared by coactivation with ZnCl2 and FeCl3 were 1080 m2/g and 0.51 cm3/g, which were much higher than those prepared by single activation with FeCl3 (274 m2/g and 0.14 cm3/g) or ZnCl2 (369 m2/g and 0.21 cm3/g). MAC was subsequently applied as an oxidation catalyst for Fenton-like degradation of acid orange 10 (AO10). As a result, 0.20 g/L MAC could partially remove AO10 (100 ppm) with an adsorption capacity of 78.4 mg/g at pH 3.0. When 350 ppm H2O2 was further added, AO10 was decolorized rapidly, nearly complete within 30 min, and 66% of the COD was removed in 120 min. The potent catalytic performance of MAC might come from the synergistic effect of Fe0 and Fe3O4 nanocrystals in the porous carbon support. MAC also demonstrated effective stability and reusability after five consecutive cycles, when total AO10 removal at 20 min of H2O2 addition slightly decreased from 93.9 ± 0.9% to 86.3 ± 0.8% and minimal iron leaching of 1.14 to 1.19 mg/L was detected. Interestingly, the MAC catalyst with a saturation magnetization of 3.6 emu/g was easily separated from the treated mixture for the next cycle. Overall, these findings demonstrate that magnetic activated carbon prepared from ZnCl2 and FeCl3 coactivation of lotus seedpod waste can be a low-cost catalyst for rapid degradation of acid orange 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Van Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hung Minh Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang Le Nam Bui
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao Vy Thanh Do
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hung Hoa Lam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuyet-Mai Tran-Thuy
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Long Quang Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Yi Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yang K, Ma J, Ning P. Formation and mechanism of nanoscale zerovalent iron supported by phosphoric acid modified biochar for highly efficient removal of Cr(VI). ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Manzoor Q, Shahab MR, Sajid A, Yaseen HM, Alqahtani FO, Malik QM, Nazir A, Arif K, Iqbal M. Eco-benign preparation of biosorbent using Momordica Charantia for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) ions from wastewater. Z PHYS CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2022-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Environmental pollution is the major issue of 21st century. The toxic industrial effluents are crucially damaging aquatic environment, in the form of heavy metals, dyes and acids. The heavy metals are toxic, carcinogenic, non-degradable and therefore must be removed to save natural environment and human health. Batch sorption efficiency of Momordica Charantia L. stem and root (MCS and MCR) was studied for Cr(VI) metal ions removal under controlled adsorption parameters. The adsorbed and residual concentration of Cr(VI) was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The adsorbent surface morphology was determined by FTIR, BET, SEM and elemental analysis by EDX. The Freundlich and Langmuir equilibrium isotherm and pseudo 1st and 2nd order kinetic models were studied to understand bio-sorption mechanism. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo 2nd order kinetic was best fitted model for MCS and MCR bio-sorption process. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity (q
max) was 312.50 and 400 (mg/g) for MCS and MCR respectively. The trend of removal efficiency (%) and metal uptake (q
e) was in order as MCS > MCR. All data was statistically analyzed using mean values ± standard deviation (SD). In conclusion, MCS and MCR are suggested as excellent sorbents for the elimination of numerous contaminants from the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaisar Manzoor
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan
| | | | - Arfaa Sajid
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan
| | | | - Fatimah Othman Alqahtani
- Department of Chemistry , College of Science, King Faisal University , P.O. Box 380 , Al-Ahsa , 31982 , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Arif Nazir
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Khalid Arif
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics , The University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology , University of Education , Lahore , Pakistan
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6
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Li X, Chu S, Wang P, Li K, Su Y, Wu D, Xie B. Potential of biogas residue biochar modified by ferric chloride for the enhancement of anaerobic digestion of food waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127530. [PMID: 35772715 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biogas residue biochar (BRB) and BRB modified by ferric chloride (BRB-FeCl3) were applied to promote anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste (FW), related mechanisms were also proposed in this study. Results indicated BRB-FeCl3 showed higher specific surface area, more abundant functional groups and impregnate iron than BRB, and they respectively increased 22.50% and 12.79% cumulative methane yields compared with control group because of accelerated volatile fatty acids (VFAs) transformation, which were confirmed by enhanced metabolism of glycolysis, fatty acid degradation and pyruvate. BRB, especially BRB-FeCl3 facilitated the growth of Syntrophomonas, Methanofollis, Methanoculleus and Methanosarcina, which further promoted the methanogenesis by enhancing the metabolic activities of methanol, dimethylamine and methylamine pathways, thereby causing more metabolically diverse methanogenic pathways. Metagenomics analysis revealed BRB, especially BRB-FeCl3 promoted the relative abundances of functional genes involved in direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). Present study explored the enhancement mechanisms and feasibility of BRB-FeCl3 for AD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunan Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Siqin Chu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Panliang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Kaiyi Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yinglong Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Dong Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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7
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Yi Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Ma J, Ning P. Adsorption properties and mechanism of Cr(VI) by Fe2(SO4)3 modified biochar derived from Egeria najas. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Huang J, Zhao D, Zhao Y, Tu Y, Wang R. Polyvinylpyrrolidone supported nZVI/Ni bimetallic nanoparticles for enhanced high-performance removal of aqueous Cr(VI). Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yang F, Jiang Y, Dai M, Hou X, Peng C. Active biochar-supported iron oxides for Cr(VI) removal from groundwater: Kinetics, stability and the key role of FeO in electron-transfer mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127542. [PMID: 34740162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr), especially in forms of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) remains a serious threat to public health and environmental safety for its high toxicity. Herein, two types of iron-modification methods adopting co-pyrolysis and surface-deposition respectively were carried out to prepare active Fe-biochar composites (FeBC) for Cr(VI) removal in the simulated groundwater environment. The systematic characterization demonstrated that larger BET surface area and diversified iron oxides of FeBC-1 obtained from the co-pyrolysis method contributed to higher adsorption and reduction activity towards Cr(VI) degradation in comparison with FeBC-2 produced from surface-deposition method. Further, FeO was evidenced to be a main active component for transforming Cr(VI) to lower-toxicity Cr(III) uniting XRD and XPS analysis. Also, the designed batch experiments aiming at deeper clarifying FeBC-1 revealed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic and intra-particle diffusion model could well describe the Cr(VI) sorption behaviors, suggesting that a single-layer, chemical adsorption process as well as internal particle diffusion both controlled the removal process of Cr(VI) using FeBC-1. Finally, the stability experiments stated that FeBC-1 was basically stable at acidic and neutral conditions. Thus, it was found that co-pyrolysis of FeBC-1 is a potential technology for Cr(VI) remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yating Jiang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Min Dai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Xiaoting Hou
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Changsheng Peng
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China.
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Dong J, Shen L, Shan S, Liu W, Qi Z, Liu C, Gao X. Optimizing magnetic functionalization conditions for efficient preparation of magnetic biochar and adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151442. [PMID: 34742966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recoverable magnetic biochar has great potential for treating wastewater contaminants such as Pb(II). However, whether magnetic modification could enhance metal adsorption efficiency is currently contradictory in the literature mainly due to the differences in selecting various magnetic functionalization conditions. Considering this gap in knowledge, the effects of magnetic functionalization method (impregnation and precipitation), concentration of precursor iron solution (0.01-1 M), and pyrolysis temperature (300-700 °C) on the characteristics and Pb(II) adsorption capacity of biochar were systematically investigated in this paper. Results indicated that Fe3O4 was the main product for magnetic biochars synthesized using the impregnation (denoted as FWFe(3)) and precipitation methods (denoted as FWFe(2)). Magnetic functionalization resulted in remarkably increased pH and more negative zeta potential for FWFe(2) samples, whereas FWFe(3) samples showed the opposite trends. The adsorption of Pb(II) on different biochars fitted the pseudo-second order model and the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 817.64 mg/g for FWFe(2)1M700C (precipitation by 1 M of Fe(II)/Fe(III), pyrolysis at 700 °C), outperforming FWFe(3) and pristine biochar samples by around 5-13 times. Mechanism study indicated that the adsorption mainly involved electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, co-precipitation, and complexation. Pb(II) adsorption capacity was strongly dependent on the alkali pH of biochar. However, this efficiency was less affected by biochar surface area and its morphology. The higher pH of FWFe(2) samples not only led to an increased surface charge for stronger electrostatic attraction and ion exchange but also favored the formation of co-precipitates. By contrast, FWFe(3) samples showed a decreased adsorption capacity for Pb(II) with increased concentration of embedded iron. Overall, magnetic biochar, prepared using precipitation followed by high-temperature pyrolysis (such as, FWFe(2)1M700C), can be a promising adsorbent for Pb(II) adsorption from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Energy R&D Institute Co., Ltd., 311121 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation & Pollutant Control Technology for Thermal Power of Zhejiang Province, 311121 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lingfang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, 310023 Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, 310023 Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanpeng Liu
- Power China Huadong Engineering Co., Ltd., 311122 Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhifu Qi
- Zhejiang Energy R&D Institute Co., Ltd., 311121 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation & Pollutant Control Technology for Thermal Power of Zhejiang Province, 311121 Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Zhejiang Energy R&D Institute Co., Ltd., 311121 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation & Pollutant Control Technology for Thermal Power of Zhejiang Province, 311121 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
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Mitigating the Health Effects of Aqueous Cr(VI) with Iron-Modified Biochar. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031481. [PMID: 35162503 PMCID: PMC8835030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A large amount of chromium (Cr) has entered the natural environment from the wastewater and waste residues, and the hexavalent (Cr(VI)) is highly poisonous, threatening the ecological environment and human health directly. In this study, iron-modified biochar was prepared using honeysuckle residue as raw material and the ferric chloride impregnation method. Batch Cr(VI) adsorption experiments were carried out using the modified honeysuckle-derived biochar (MHDB) as an adsorbent. The results indicate that a pH of 2 was best for the adsorption removal of Cr(VI) in the initial pH range of 2–10. The adsorption kinetic data fitted the pseudo-second-order model best out of the two models, and the Langmuir model was better than the Freundlich model to describe the adsorption process. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process of Cr(VI) on MHDB had an endothermic and spontaneous nature, and the increasing temperature was conducive to the adsorption. The main mechanisms of Cr(VI) adsorption might be the physical adsorption (electrostatic interactions) and chemical adsorption (ion exchange, the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III)). The efficient adsorption of Cr(VI) makes MHDB a potential material for Cr(VI)-containing wastewater treatment. This study provides a feasible adsorption material for mitigating the environmental hazards of chromium, which has a certain reference value for protecting environmental health.
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Zhang Y, Jing C, Zheng J, Yu H, Chen Q, Guo L, Pan D, Naik N, Shao Q, Guo Z. Microwave hydrothermal fabrication of CuFeCr ternary layered double hydroxides with excellent Cr(VI) adsorption. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Yi Y, Wang X, Ma J, Ning P. Fe(III) modified Egeria najas driven-biochar for highly improved reduction and adsorption performance of Cr(VI). POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Su C, Wang S, Zhou Z, Wang H, Xie X, Yang Y, Feng Y, Liu W, Liu P. Chemical processes of Cr(VI) removal by Fe-modified biochar under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and mechanism characterization under aerobic conditions using synchrotron-related techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144604. [PMID: 33444867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fe-modified biochar (FeBC) has been considered for aqueous hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) removal, but a better understanding is needed with respect to the removal behavior, chemical processes, and removal mechanisms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Aqueous Cr(VI) removal was evaluated using unmodified (BC) and FeBC. The Cr(VI) was completely removed in a pH range of 2-10. The removal behavior was properly depicted using pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Langmuir models under aerobic conditions, and using PSO and Freundlich models under anaerobic conditions. Removal rate and capacity were enhanced by up to 3.8 times under anaerobic conditions. Desorption experiments indicated removed Cr in FeBC was stable except under strong acid condition. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis suggested removed Cr in FeBC was 100% in Cr(III) form and bound to Fe with a bond length of 3.01 Å in the stable form of Fe(III)nCr(III)(1-n)(OOH). The removal mechanisms of Cr(VI) under aerobic conditions by FeBC mainly included electrostatic adsorption, chemical reduction, and complex precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Su
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Yanyuan Yang
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Wenfu Liu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China.
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15
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Madan S, Thapa U, Tiwari S, Tiwari SK, Jakka SK, Soares MJ. Designing of a nanoscale zerovalent iron@fly ash composite as efficient and sustainable adsorbents for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22474-22487. [PMID: 33415643 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study encompasses a unique concept involving the formation of core-shell particles with surface-activated fly ash (FA) as core and nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles as shell, which not only imparts high adsorption efficiency for Cr(VI) but also contributes to fruitful utilization of FA while overcoming the drawbacks associated with ZVI nanoparticles (aggregation, rapid oxidation and less durability). The otherwise inert surface of FA has been modified and activated to achieve a uniform and stable layer of nZVI over FA. The functionalized particles were studied using FE-SEM/EDAX, HR-TEM, XRD and FT-IR studies for its physical, functional and morphological characteristics. The results indicate the strong adsorption ability of nZVI@FA particles, with 100% removal efficiency within 10 min at low initial concentrations of Cr(VI), which is appreciably higher than that of pure fly ash (26%) after 60 min of reaction. Besides, the so-formed structure of composite aids to improve its life, as the synthesized nZVI@FA particles could be efficiently regenerated and reused up to 5 subsequent adsorption-desorption cycles, which is in contrast with the ability of fly ash considering its low desorption potential. Hence, the composite material proves to be an effective and sustainable alternative for treatment of a waste using a waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Madan
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, 201303, India
| | - Urvashi Thapa
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, 201303, India
| | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, 201303, India.
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16
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Ma W, Gao J, Chen Z, Hu J, Xin G, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Tan D. A new method of Cr(VI) reduction using SiC doped carbon electrode and Cr(III) recovery by hydrothermal precipitation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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17
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Cheng H, Liu Y, Li X, He H, Kang X. Efficient recovery of Cr( vi) from electroplating wastewater by iron-modified sludge-based hollow-structured porous carbon: coexistence effects and competition for adsorption. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37233-37245. [PMID: 35496440 PMCID: PMC9043741 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06969a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, porous carbon was made from sewage sludge and hybrid liriodendron leaves, and modified with iron ions (Fe@LS-BC) carried out on Cr(vi) in aqueous solution from a single-component system and in competitive biosorption with methyl orange (MO) from a binary-component system. The iron ion-modified porous carbon (Fe@LS-BC) showed higher efficiency in the removal of Cr(vi) compared to porous carbon prepared by the co-pyrolysis of sludge and hybrid liriodendron leaves. The incorporation of the Fe element improved the ability of the material to redox Cr(vi), while imparting magnetic characteristics to the porous carbon and improving the reusability of the porous carbon. On the other hand, Fe@LS-BC exhibited a better pore volume, facilitating the contact of the material with Cr(vi) ions. The highest adsorption capacity was 0.33 mmol g−1, and the adsorption experimental results for the single-component and binary-component systems of Cr(vi) matched well with the Langmuir–Freundlich models. When the concentration of MO was 0.2 and 0.8 mmol L−1, respectively, the highest adsorption capacity of Cr(vi) was 0.35 and 0.46 mmol g−1 in the binary system. The positively charged N–CH3+ on the MO molecule promoted the electrostatic adsorption between HCrO4−, CrO42−, and Fe@LS-BC, and increased the adsorption potential of Cr(vi). Mechanism for the adsorption of hexavalent chromium and methyl orange in a binary system.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yali Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Haidong He
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaorong Kang
- School of Environment Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
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18
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Said I, Abukhadra MR, Rabie AM, Bakr ASA, Shim JJ, Ahmed SA. Facile Fabrication of ZnMgAl/LDH/Algae Composites as a Potential Adsorbent for Cr(VI) Ions from Water: Fabrication and Equilibrium Studies. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31342-31351. [PMID: 33324845 PMCID: PMC7727017 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the adsorption capacity of natural layered double hydroxyl (LDH) materials, the natural organic sources such as algae containing hydroxyl groups, amino groups, peptide connections, and alginate structures were used to improve LDH for the preparation of ZnMgAl LDH-algae composites (LDH-Ax). The structure of prepared composites was established and characterized via various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The LDH-A2 sample displayed the highest efficiency for Cr(VI) removal, which reached to 99% at the optimum conditions. The prepared composite LDH-A2 showed high stability and reusability (91.7%) after five cycles. The kinetic studies revealed that the Cr uptake by LDH-A1 is described as pseudo-first order, while the case of LDH-A2 is described as pseudo-second order. This study reported that the easily synthesized LDH-Ax has an interesting environmental approval process to eliminate Cr ions from aqueous media quickly and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Said
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef
University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mostafa R. Abukhadra
- Geology
Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef
University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman M. Rabie
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Al-Sayed A. Bakr
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Jae-Jin Shim
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
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19
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Jian X, Li S, Feng Y, Chen X, Kuang R, Li B, Sun Y. Influence of Synthesis Methods on the High-Efficiency Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Fe-Modified Magnetic Biochars. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31234-31243. [PMID: 33324833 PMCID: PMC7726960 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fe-modified biochars have been widely used in removal of Cr(VI) from water due to the resulting modified surface functional groups and magnetization property. However, few studies have synthetically investigated modification methods and synthesis parameters on the improvement of the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by Fe-modified biochars. Herein, 10 types of corn straw-based magnetic biochars were produced using pre-modification and post-modification methods with various modifier ratios, and the highest heating temperature (HHT). Cr(VI) removal results suggest that the removal efficiency of pre-modified biochars ranged from 50.7 to 98.6%, which was much higher than that of post-modified (6.6-21.6%) and unmodified biochars (0.4-7.6%). The effect of synthesis methods on Cr(VI) adsorption was in the following order: Fe-modification method > modifier ratio > HHT. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm results of three types of pre-modified biochars were well fitted with the pseudo-second-order model (R 2 > 0.99) and the Langmuir adsorption model (R 2 > 0.99), respectively, indicating the surface homogeneity of the pre-modified biochars and unilayer chemisorptions of Cr(VI). Characterization results show that iron oxides or zerovalent iron particles were successfully deposited onto the surface of biochars and magnetism was introduced. A good Pearson correlation (r = -0.9694) between the removal efficiency and pH value in modified biochar suggests that the lower pH value may offer more positive charges and promote electrostatic attraction. Therefore, the dominant mechanism for enhanced Cr(VI) adsorption on pre-modified biochar was electrostatic attraction, resulting from its distinguished acidity nature. Our findings provide new insights into the high-efficiency removal of Cr(VI) onto Fe-modified magnetic biochars and will benefit future design of more efficient magnetic biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Jian
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- College
of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Shan Li
- College
of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yun Feng
- College
of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xueru Chen
- College
of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Ruibin Kuang
- Institute
of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy
of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit
Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA), Guangdong Province
Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Bosong Li
- Guangzhou
Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of
Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- College
of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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20
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Kong F, Zhang Y, Wang H, Tang J, Li Y, Wang S. Removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater by artificial zeolite spheres loaded with nano Fe-Al bimetallic oxide in constructed wetland. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127224. [PMID: 32526469 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve the problems of poor adsorption capacity and low stability in treating heavy metal wastewater with traditional constructed wetland (CW) fillers, a new type of filler, artificial zeolite spheres loaded with nano Fe-Al bimetallic oxide (hereinafter referred to as composite zeolite spheres), was prepared for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater. The results indicated that nano Fe-Al bimetallic oxide was an effective material for Cr(VI) removal with the maximal removal efficiency of 84.9% at initial Cr(VI) concentration of 20 mg/L (pH = 3). The micro-reactor experiment further verified that composite zeolite spheres had better removal performance on Cr(VI) than traditional filler. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and X-Ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) results demonstrated that -OH groups reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III), and then the Cr(III) was removed by forming CrxFe1-x(OH)3 precipitation with Fe(III) or formed Cr(OH)3 precipitation with Al-OH through the ion exchange. This study provided an effective approach for treating Cr(VI) wastewater by using a new composite zeolite in constructed wetlands (CWs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlong Kong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jianguo Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Sen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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21
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Shang H, Li Y, Liu J, Wan Y, Feng Y, Yu Y. Preparation of nitrogen doped magnesium oxide modified biochar and its sorption efficiency of lead ions in aqueous solution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123708. [PMID: 32599530 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A N-doped couping MgO-modified biochar (MgO-N-BC) was synthesized from corncob-to-xylose residue by two-step slow pyrolysis method. The biochar exhibited a remarkable Pb(II) sorption capacity (maximum 1429 mg·g-1) in aqueous solution. The sorption of Pb(II) onto MgO-N-BC best fitted Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order equation. Further analysis demonstrated the final product of Pb were mainly hexagonal crystal hydrocerussite flakes. The combine of ion-exchange and precipitation process play key role in the sorption of Pb(II), while interactions between Pb(II) and functional groups work, too. The sorption capacity decreased by 63.5% with CO2 free, however over supply of CO2 effects little on the sorption capacity while that can shorten equilibrium time from near 360 min to about 30 min. Only few co-existing ions such as Ba2+ and Fe3+ can decrease the sorption partly, and NH4+ block the sorption obviously, while Mg2+ had an enhancement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Shang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yinxue Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuan Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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22
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Qiu Y, Zhang Q, Gao B, Li M, Fan Z, Sang W, Hao H, Wei X. Removal mechanisms of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) by biochar supported nanosized zero-valent iron: Synergy of adsorption, reduction and transformation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115018. [PMID: 32806451 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, sludge-derived biochar was prepared and utilized to support nano-zero-valent iron (NZVI-SDBC) for removing Cr(VI) and Cr(III) from aqueous solution with the aim of investigating their removal and transformation. Under the conditions of initial pH of 4, dosage of 1 g/L, temperature of 25 °C, and rotational speed of 160 rpm, 64.13% Cr species could be removed by NZVI-SDBC from Cr(VI) solution and 28.89% from Cr(III) solution. Coexisting ions experiments showed that Cu(II) and humic acids dramatically affected the removal of Cr(VI) and Cr(III), while the effect of Na(I) and Ca(II) was almost negligible. Based on this, through the coexistence and pre-loaded Cr(III) experiments, the conversion from Cr(VI) to Cr(III) was demonstrated to enhance the further attraction on Cr(VI) and promote the subsequent removal of Cr(VI). The SDBC of NZVI-SDBC could serve as electron shuttle mediator to facilitate the electron transfer between adsorbed Cr(VI) and NZVI for ortho-reduction. The transformation and removal mechanisms were further discussed by various characterizations. The kinetics of Cr(VI) removal suggested that the removal process of Cr(VI) could be divided into three phases dominated by different mechanisms (adsorption, direct/ortho reduction, electrostatic attraction), in which Cr(VI) and Cr(III) showed different behaviors of interaction. The removal of Cr(III) mainly depended on sufficient adsorption sites and the direct complexation with Fe(II). Finally, the reusability of NZVI-SDBC was assessed by adsorption/desorption recycling test. These results provided new insights into the removal and transformation mechanisms of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) by biochar-based nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Meng Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zixi Fan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Wenjiao Sang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Huiru Hao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Wei
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
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23
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Deng X, Wang L, Xiu Q, Wang Y, Han H, Dai D, Xu Y, Gao H, Liu X. Adsorption performance and physicochemical mechanism of MnO2-polyethylenimine-tannic acid composites for the removal of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. Front Chem Sci Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-020-1958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Su L, Mao J, Wang S, Hu Y. A bimodal electrochemiluminescence method based on dual-enhancement Ru(bpy)32+/CQDs/AA system combined with magnetic field enhanced solid-phase microextraction for the direct determination of ascorbic acid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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25
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Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/c6020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study reviews the most relevant results on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of activated carbons obtained by novel chemical activation with FeCl3. The text includes a description of the activation mechanism, which compromises three different stages: (1) intense de-polymerization of the carbon precursor (up to 300 °C), (2) devolatilization and formation of the inner porosity (between 300 and 700 °C), and (3) dehydrogenation of the fixed carbon structure (>700 °C). Among the different synthesis conditions, the activation temperature, and, to a lesser extent, the impregnation ratio (i.e., mass ratio of FeCl3 to carbon precursor), are the most relevant parameters controlling the final properties of the resulting activated carbons. The characteristics of the carbons in terms of porosity, surface chemistry, and magnetic properties are analyzed in detail. These carbons showed a well-developed porous texture mainly in the micropore size range, an acidic surface with an abundance of oxygen surface groups, and a superparamagnetic character due to the presence of well-distributed iron species. These properties convert these carbons into promising candidates for different applications. They are widely analyzed as adsorbents in aqueous phase applications due to their porosity, surface acidity, and ease of separation. The presence of stable and well-distributed iron species on the carbons’ surface makes them promising catalysts for different applications. Finally, the presence of iron compounds has been shown to improve the graphitization degree and conductivity of the carbons; these are consequently being analyzed in energy storage applications.
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26
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Yang T, Han C, Tang J, Luo Y. Removal performance and mechanisms of Cr(VI) by an in-situ self-improvement of mesoporous biochar derived from chicken bone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5018-5029. [PMID: 31848961 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance mesoporous biochar (MBCX) was fabricated from chicken bone via a facile and low-energy consumption pyrolysis process without any additional activators and templates. The physicochemical properties of biochar were carried out by elemental compositions, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, FTIR, and TG. The results illustrated that lower carbonization temperature leaded to a lower specific surface area and more polar functional groups. And the meso-structure of biochar was obtained at 350 °C. Combined with the result of batch experiment, Cr(VI) adsorption capacity was decreased with the increasing in pyrolysis temperature, which suggested that the removal performance was depended on the functional groups of mesoporous biochar rather than the surface area. Kinetic analysis showed that the Cr(VI) adsorption process on MBCX was suitable for Elovich kinetic. The experimental data was well explained by Langmuir isotherm models. And the maximum adsorption capacity was 58.195 mg/g, which was higher than that of most report pristine biochars. This work not only paved a way for subsequent mesoporous biochar preparation but also demonstrated the application potentials of MBCX as an environment benign Cr(VI) adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Han
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Tang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
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Hassan M, Naidu R, Du J, Liu Y, Qi F. Critical review of magnetic biosorbents: Their preparation, application, and regeneration for wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 702:134893. [PMID: 31733558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The utilisation of magnetic biosorbents (metal or metal nanoparticles impregnated onto biosorbents) has attracted increasing research attention due to their manipulable active sites, specific surface area, pore volume, pore size distribution, easy separation, and reusability that are suitable for remediation of heavy metal(loid)s and organic contaminants. The properties of magnetic biosorbents (MB) depend on the raw biomass, properties of metal nanoparticles, modification/synthesis methods, and process parameters which influence the performance of removal efficiency of organic and inorganic contaminants. There is a lack of information regarding the development of tailored materials for particular contaminants and the influence of specific characteristics. This review focuses on the synthesis/modification methods, application, and recycling of magnetic biosorbents. In particular, the mechanisms and the effect of sorbents properties on the adsorption capacity. Ion exchanges, electrostatic interaction, precipitation, and complexation are the dominant sorption mechanisms for ionic contaminants whereas hydrophobic interaction, interparticle diffusion, partition, and hydrogen bonding are the dominant adsorption mechanisms for removal of organic contaminants by magnetic biosorbents. In generally, low pyrolysis temperatures are suitable for ionic contaminants separation, whereas high pyrolysis temperatures are suitable for organic contaminants removal. Additionally, magnetic properties of the biosorbents are positively correlated with the pyrolysis temperatures. Metal-based functional groups of MB can contribute to an ion exchange reaction which influences the adsorption capacity of ionic contaminants and catalytic degradation of non-persistent organic contaminants. Metal modified biosorbents can enhance adsorption capacity of anionic contaminants significantly as metal nanoparticles are not occupying positively charged active sites of the biosorbents. Magnetic biosorbents are promising adsorbents in comparison with other adsorbents including commercially available activated carbon, and thermally and chemically modified biochar in terms of their removal capacity, rapid and easy magnetic separation which allow multiple reuse to minimize remediation cost of organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masud Hassan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Jianhua Du
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Yanju Liu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Fangjie Qi
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Li L, Xu Y, Zhong D, Zhong N. CTAB-surface-functionalized magnetic MOF@MOF composite adsorbent for Cr(VI) efficient removal from aqueous solution. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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2D magnetic scallion sheathing-based biochar composites design and application for effective removal of arsenite in aqueous solutions. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ajmani A, Shahnaz T, Subbiah S, Narayanasamy S. Hexavalent chromium adsorption on virgin, biochar, and chemically modified carbons prepared from Phanera vahlii fruit biomass: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32137-32150. [PMID: 31494856 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel biosorbent Phanera vahlii fruit biomass (PVF) and its biochar and chemically modified forms were studied for the elimination of Cr(VI) from synthetic solutions. Biosorbents were characterized through BET, FTIR, FESEM, EDX, and TGA technique. The parameters influencing biosorption were optimized and found as pH 2.0, temperature 303 K, initial metal concentration 500 mg/L, and biosorbent dosage 0.5 g/L. The ideal contact time was 180 min for all biosorbents. Freundlich isotherm was found to have good correlation with investigational data, which indicated that biosorption takes place in multiple layer style. Langmuir adsorption isotherm yielded the highest biosorption capacity (Qo) to be 159.1, 225.1, 244.1, and 278.5 mg/g for Phanera vahlii fruit biomass, Phanera vahlii biochar, Phanera vahlii phosphoric acid activated carbon, and Phanera vahlii zinc chloride activated carbon, respectively. Experimental data had good correlation with pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted. Thermodynamic studies indicated the biosorption process to be spontaneous, stable, and endothermic. Thus, it was concluded that Phanera vahlii fruit biomass and the derived activated carbons are promising biosorbents for adsorption of chromium from aqueous solutions. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Ajmani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Tasrin Shahnaz
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Senthilmurugan Subbiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Selvaraju Narayanasamy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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31
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Xie P, Ma J. Insights into aqueous reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe3O4@NOM MNPs under irradiation: The role of carbonyl structures. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Activated biochar with iron-loading and its application in removing Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Fan C, Chen N, Feng C, Yang Y, Qin J, Li M, Gao Y. Enhanced performance and mechanism of bromate removal in aqueous solution by ruthenium oxide modified biochar (RuO2/BC). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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34
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Cai W, Wei J, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhou J, Han B. Preparation of amino-functionalized magnetic biochar with excellent adsorption performance for Cr(VI) by a mild one-step hydrothermal method from peanut hull. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Nakagame R, Tsaturyan A, Haraguchi T, Pimonova Y, Lastovina T, Akitsu T, Shcherbakov I. Photochemical reaction of amino acid Schiff base derived Cu complexes with extended π-system and their titanium oxide composites. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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36
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Le TTN, Le VT, Dao MU, Nguyen QV, Vu TT, Nguyen MH, Tran DL, Le HS. Preparation of magnetic graphene oxide/chitosan composite beads for effective removal of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solutions. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2018.1558215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh Nhi Le
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Van Thuan Le
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - My Uyen Dao
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Quang Vinh Nguyen
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Vu
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Hiep Nguyen
- Radiation Technology Center, Nuclear Research Institute, Dalat, Vietnam
| | - Dai Lam Tran
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Sinh Le
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
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37
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Li J, Yan L, Yang Y, Zhang X, Zhu R, Yu H. Insight into the adsorption mechanisms of aqueous hexavalent chromium by EDTA intercalated layered double hydroxides: XRD, FTIR, XPS, and zeta potential studies. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03479j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To understand the possible mechanisms of Cr(vi) adsorption on the surface of modified LDHs, we synthesized EDTA intercalated MgAl-LDH and its magnetic product, and evaluated their adsorption performance for Cr(vi) by batch experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan)
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
| | - Liangguo Yan
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan)
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
| | - Yanting Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan)
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan)
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
| | - Rixin Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan)
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
| | - Haiqin Yu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan)
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
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38
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An Q, Li XQ, Nan HY, Yu Y, Jiang JN. The potential adsorption mechanism of the biochars with different modification processes to Cr(VI). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:31346-31357. [PMID: 30194580 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Modified biochar has attracted wide attention due to its advantageous adsorption performance. However, the influence of modification process of biochar on adsorption capacity was seldom studied. In this study, biochar derived from corn stalks was modified through two kinds of modification processes: pre-pyrolysis (MBCpre) and post-pyrolysis (MBCpost) modification with citric acid, sodium hydroxide, ferric chloride, respectively. The results showed that the biochar modified by ferric chloride (MBC) provided better adsorption capacity for Cr(VI), and the pre-pyrolysis offered more favorable adsorption capacity for biochar than post-pyrolysis. By means of instrumental analysis, it was found that MBCpre owned highly dispersed Fe3O4 particles and larger surface area, which could be the critical role for enhancing the adsorption capacity of MBCpre. Meanwhile, MBCpost appeared more protonated oxygen-rich functional groups(C=O, -OH, etc.) and adsorbed Cr(VI) by electrostatic attraction and complexation. This study will offer a novel idea for the treatment of chromium-containing wastewater by selecting the modification processes of biochar. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang An
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
- National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue-Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Nan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
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