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Manohar A, M S, Basavaraj MG, Sudhakar S, Mani E. Drying-Induced Flash Nanoprecipitation in a Sessile Drop: A Route to Synthesize Polymeric Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13613-13621. [PMID: 38896068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Flash nanoprecipitation is a simple and scalable method to produce nanoparticles by rapid mixing of a polymer solution with an antisolvent. High-speed mixing devices for the continuous synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles and drug-encapsulated nanoparticles have been designed. In this work, we demonstrate a different approach to induce flash nanoprecipitation using the differential evaporation of solvents in a sessile drop. To show proof of concept, we use polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) dissolved in a tetrahydrofuran (THF)-water mixture as a model system. A sessile drop of the polymer solution is allowed to dry under controlled conditions. The sessile drops of the PMMA-THF-water ternary mixture are observed to dry in the constant radius mode. As THF in the drop evaporates faster than water, PMMA supersaturates and precipitates as nanoparticles. Although coffee-ring formation is well-studied in the drying of colloidal suspensions, this work demonstrates the formation of nanoparticles in situ due to a change of solvent quality and subsequent deposition of particles at the pinned contact line. Using the theory of drying of binary solutions, we calculate the temporal variation of composition. The drying paths passing through the low-concentration branch of the binodal give rise to nanoparticles, whereas those passing through the high-concentration branch yield porous films. Spherical polymeric nanoparticles in the size range of 250-700 nm were synthesized using this technique starting from drops with different initial polymer concentration. The method is a cost-effective (no high-speed mixing is required) and scalable alternative to conventional flash nanoprecipitation for synthesizing polymeric nanoparticles for potential applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, and polymer recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Manohar
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Soundarya M
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Madivala G Basavaraj
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Center for Soft and Biological Matter, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Swathi Sudhakar
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Center for Soft and Biological Matter, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ethayaraja Mani
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Center for Soft and Biological Matter, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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2
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Osouli Tabrizi H, Forouhi S, Azadmousavi T, Ghafar-Zadeh E. A Multidisciplinary Approach toward CMOS Capacitive Sensor Array for Droplet Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:232. [PMID: 38398961 PMCID: PMC10892496 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This paper introduces an innovative method for the analysis of alcohol-water droplets on a CMOS capacitive sensor, leveraging the controlled thermal behavior of the droplets. Using this sensing method, the capacitive sensor measures the total time of evaporation (ToE), which can be influenced by the droplet volume, temperature, and chemical composition. We explored this sensing method by introducing binary mixtures of water and ethanol or methanol across a range of concentrations (0-100%, with 10% increments). The experimental results indicate that while the capacitive sensor is effective in measuring both the total ToE and dielectric properties, a higher dynamic range and resolution are observed in the former. Additionally, an array of sensing electrodes successfully monitors the droplet-sensor surface interaction. However practical considerations such as the creation of parasitic capacitance due to mismatch, arise from the large sensing area in the proposed capacitive sensors and other similar devices. In this paper, we discuss this non-ideality and propose a solution. Also, this paper showcases the benefits of utilizing a CMOS capacitive sensing method for accurately measuring ToE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Osouli Tabrizi
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (H.O.T.); (S.F.)
| | - Saghi Forouhi
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (H.O.T.); (S.F.)
| | - Tayebeh Azadmousavi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab 5551395133, Iran;
| | - Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (H.O.T.); (S.F.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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3
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Othman AM, Poulos AS, Torres O, Routh AF. Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Induced by Vapor Transfer in Evaporative Binary Sessile Droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13242-13257. [PMID: 37677134 PMCID: PMC10515642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Drying of binary sessile droplets consisting of ethanol and octamethyltrisiloxane on a high-energy surface is investigated. During the process of evaporation, the droplets undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, resulting in the appearance of microdroplets at the liquid-air interface, which subsequently violently burst. This phase separation is attributed to water vapor transfer into the droplet, which modifies the solubility and leads to the formation of a ternary mixture. The newly formed ternary mixture may undergo nucleation and growth or spinodal decomposition, depending on the droplet composition path. By control of the relative humidity of air, phase separation can be mitigated or even eliminated. The droplets also display high mobility and complex wetting behavior due to phase separation, with two contracting and two spreading stages. The mass loss experiments reveal that the droplets undergo three distinct drying stages with an enhanced evaporation rate observed during the phase separation stage. A modified diffusion-limited model was employed to predict the evaporation rate, accounting for the physiochemical changes during evaporation and proved to be consistent with experimental observations. The findings of this work enhance our understanding of a coupled fundamental process involving the evaporation of multicomponent mixtures, wetting, and phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Othman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Dr, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | | | - Ophelie Torres
- Unilever
R & D Port Sunlight, Quarry Road East, Wirral CH63 3JW, U.K.
| | - Alexander. F. Routh
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Dr, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
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Kadota K, Tse JY, Fujita S, Suzuki N, Uchiyama H, Tozuka Y, Tanaka S. Drug-Facilitated Crystallization of Spray-Dried CD-MOFs with Tunable Morphology, Porosity, And Dissolution Profile. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3451-3462. [PMID: 37184656 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with versatile functionalities have applications in environmental science, sensor separation, catalysis, and drug delivery. In particular, MOFs used in drug delivery should be biodegradable and easy to control. In this study, spray-dried cyclodextrin-based MOFs (CD-MOFs) with tunable crystallinity, porosity, and dissolution properties were fabricated. The spray-drying precursor properties, such as ethanol volume ratio, incubation time, and precursor concentration, were optimized for controlled crystallization. On the basis of the morphology, X-ray diffraction peak intensity, and specific surface areas of the spray-dried CD-MOF products, they were categorized as amorphous, partially crystalline, and highly crystalline. An active pharmaceutical ingredient ketoconazole (KCZ) was introduced into the precursor to prepare KCZ-containing CD-MOFs. The surface areas of these products were greater by 3-fold (292 m2/g) than that of the plain CD-MOF (94.1 m2/g) prepared using the same parameters. The presence of KCZ in the hydrophobic cavity between the two γ-CD molecules was correlated to the CD-MOF crystal growth. Additionally, CD-MOF particles exhibited different dissolution behaviors on the basis of the position of KCZ in the MOF. These spray-dried CD-MOFs with tunable morphology, specific surface area, and dissolution could have potential applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kadota
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Jun Yee Tse
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Shuhei Fujita
- Department of Chemical, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Urban Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Nao Suzuki
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Uchiyama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tanaka
- Department of Chemical, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Urban Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
- Collaborate Research Center of Engineering, Medicine and Pharmacology (CEMP), Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology (ORDIST), Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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Üçüncüoğlu R, Erbil HY. Water Drop Evaporation on Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS): Effect of Lubricant Thickness, Viscosity, Ridge Height, and Pattern Geometry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:6514-6528. [PMID: 37103333 PMCID: PMC10173461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sessile drop evaporation and condensation on slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) is crucial for many applications. However, its modeling is complex since the infused lubricant forms a wetting ridge around the drop close to the contact line, which partially blocks the free surface area and decreases the drop evaporation rate. Although a good model was available after 2015, the effects of initial lubricant heights (hoil)i above the pattern, and the corresponding initial ridge heights (hr)i, lubricant viscosity, and solid pattern type were not well studied. This work fills this gap where water drop evaporations from SLIPS, which are obtained by infusing silicone oils (20 and 350 cSt) onto hydrophobized Si wafer micropatterns having both cylindrical and square prism pillars, are investigated under constant relative humidity and temperature conditions. With the increase of (hoil)i, the corresponding (hr)i increased almost linearly on lower parts of the drops for all SLIPS samples, resulting in slower drop evaporation rates. A novel diffusion-limited evaporation equation from SLIPS is derived depending on the available free liquid-air interfacial area, ALV, which represents the unblocked part of the total drop surface. The calculation of the diffusion constant, D, of water vapor in air from (dALV/dt) values obtained by drop evaporation was successful up to a threshold value of (hoil)i = 8 μm within ±7%, and large deviations (13-27%) were obtained when (hoil)i > 8 μm, possibly due to the formation of thin silicone oil cloaking layers on drop surfaces, which partially blocked evaporation. The increase of infused silicone oil viscosity caused only a slight increase (12-17%) in drop lifetimes. The effects of the geometry and size of the pillars on the drop evaporation rates were minimal. These findings may help optimize the lubricant oil layer thickness and viscosity used for SLIPS to achieve low operational costs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Üçüncüoğlu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - H Yildirim Erbil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Türkiye
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6
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Kind J, Stein M, Gambaryan-Roisman T, Stephan P, Zankel TL, Thiele CM. Construction of an active humidity regulation setup for NMR/MRI-Observation and simulation of the controlled evaporation of sessile water droplets. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 348:107389. [PMID: 36731352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlling and improving processes like for example the production of organic semiconductors via printing depends on understanding the interplay of wetting and evaporation of complex fluids. Therefore, examination of the time dependent composition of complex fluid droplets during wetting or evaporation is of interest. The evaporation rate of sessile droplets containing largely water depends on the vapor pressures of the individual components and on the humidity (or partial pressure) of the surrounding gas phase. Hence, for a complete picture of an evaporation process and the comparability of the results of different measurements, it is essential to measure and control the humidity and temperature in the measurement compartment. Accordingly, climate chambers are available in different scales to fit a variety of techniques like contact angle goniometry to obtain results in a controlled atmosphere. We recently reported the application of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and spatially resolved NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy for the examination of the evaporation of sessile droplets on surfaces in 10 mm NMR tubes. These are considered to be closed compartments. Here, we present an apparatus to a) measure and b) control the relative humidity within the sample compartment of the NMR setup by introducing preconditioned gas into the NMR tube. We monitored the evaporation of water droplets using RARE images and compared the volume decay with a) a simple diffusive evaporation model and b) with detailed FEM (finite element numerical model) simulations using COMSOL for validation. We find three evaporation regimes depending on the flow rate as well as on the distance of the gas outlet and the evaporating droplet. In one of the sample configurations tested the evaporation takes place in such a way that it can be described with the help of the simple diffusive model without convection. Thus, the presented approach opens comparative measurements with other methods as well as the observation of droplet evaporation in very dry or very humid environments with and without the influence of convection. Finally, using PRESS spectra, it is shown that the evaporation rate of water from a water/DMSO droplet can be controlled. This shows how the setup presented here can be used to study the evaporation of droplets of more complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kind
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - M Stein
- Institut für Technische Thermodynamik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Gambaryan-Roisman
- Institut für Technische Thermodynamik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Stephan
- Institut für Technische Thermodynamik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T L Zankel
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C M Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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7
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Katre P, Banerjee S, Balusamy S, Sahu KC. Stability and Retention Force Factor for Binary-Nanofluid Sessile Droplets on an Inclined Substrate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Katre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502 284, Telangana India
| | - Sayak Banerjee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502 284, Telangana India
| | - Saravanan Balusamy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502 284, Telangana India
| | - Kirti Chandra Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502 284, Telangana India
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8
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Yang XY, Li GH, Huang X, Yu YS. Wetting of aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate droplets on polydimethylsiloxane surfaces during evaporation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Li M, Wei X, Bao L. Self-assembly of carbon nanodots induced by liquid-liquid phase separation in a surface microdroplet. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6517-6528. [PMID: 35819047 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00557c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evaporating a sessile drop of ternary solutions containing one hydrotrope (such as ethanol) and two immiscible fluids exhibiting fascinating phase separation behaviours, has opened up a new pathway for controlled nanomaterial assembly. In this work, we studied the influence of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) on the assembly of carbon nanodots (C-dots), 2 nm fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials with high water solubility. Through self-evaporation of a micro-sized droplet containing ethanol, C-dot-water solution and different oils on a hydrophobic surface, C-dots rearranged into film, porous and granular structures by controlling the properties of oil component in the tenary droplet. Vapour pressure, solubility, surface tension and compositions of the oil components were investigated systematically for their impacts on the evaporation process of C-dot-laden droplets. By using confocal microscopy, we clearly revealed that C-dot assembly was triggered by LLPS in these four oil-water-ethanol ternary systems. The corresponding evaporation and assembly processes were unravelled to be determined by how the ternary solutions pass through the liquid-liquid equilibrium curves in the phase diagrams during evaporation. Our findings deepen the understanding of phase-separation behaviours for nanomaterial assembly as well as provide a novel, simple, and well-controlled approach for depositing different C-dot based nanostructures onto surfaces, which will benefit a wide range of practical applications in the fields of energy, environment and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaosi Li
- School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Australia.
| | - Xiaotian Wei
- School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Australia.
| | - Lei Bao
- School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Australia.
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10
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He M, Yang Y, Mei M, Qiu H. Droplet Evaporation Dynamics on Hydrophobic Network Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6395-6403. [PMID: 35544411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification, such as hydrophobic network modification, is very promising technology to control droplet dynamics, heat transfer, and evaporation. However, fundamental mechanisms of how these chemically patterned surfaces affect the droplet evaporation dynamics and predictions of evaporation rates are still lacking. In the present work, we systematically investigated the full process of droplet evaporation dynamics on hydrophobic network surfaces and distinguished four different stages: constant contact line (CCL) stage, constant contact angle (CCA) stage, pattern-pinning (PP) stage, and moving contact line (MCL) stage. We further developed a general model considering the pinning and depinning forces to accurately predict the evaporation transition from PP to MCL stages (i.e., critical receding contact angle, θcr). As for the influence of the chemically patterned surface on the evaporation rate, a corrected contact line length was considered and combined with the well-known Rowan and Erbil's models. Finally, a general model was thus proposed and showed successful predictions for the evaporation durations of each stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao He
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yinchuang Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mei Mei
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huihe Qiu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Katre P, Balusamy S, Banerjee S, Sahu KC. An Experimental Investigation of Evaporation of Ethanol-Water Droplets Laden with Alumina Nanoparticles on a Critically Inclined Heated Substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4722-4735. [PMID: 35377666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the evaporation of water-ethanol binary sessile droplets loaded with alumina nanoparticles on a critically inclined heated surface and compare it to the no-loading condition. In contrast to a droplet of pure fluids, several distinct and interesting phenomena observed in a binary-nanofluid droplet on a critically inclined substrate are reported for the first time. The critical angle at which a droplet begins to slide increases for ethanol-rich binary droplets up to 0.6 wt % nanoparticle loading. The critical angle for binary droplets also increases as the substrate temperature increases and as the ethanol concentration decreases for modest loading conditions. It is observed that the advancing side of a binary droplet is pinned in both the loading and no-loading scenarios, whereas the receding side is pinned in the loading case but shrinks continuously in the no-loading case. The pinning effect caused by nanoparticles results in a larger perimeter and surface area for the nanoparticle-laden droplets, enhancing the evaporation rates and significantly decreasing the lifetime of the nanoparticle-containing droplets compared to the no-loading case. Increasing the ethanol percentage in the binary droplet placed on an inclined substrate produces complex thermosolutal Marangoni convection, which becomes more affluent in the case of nanoparticles loading than the no-loading condition. The radial symmetry of the circular coffee ring structure observed on a horizontal surface is shattered in the inclined case because the droplet elongates and preferentially deposits toward the advancing side of the triple line due to the action of the body force. Despite its fundamental nature, the present study can contribute to understanding many practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Katre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502 284, Telangana, India
| | - Saravanan Balusamy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502 284, Telangana, India
| | - Sayak Banerjee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502 284, Telangana, India
| | - Kirti Chandra Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502 284, Telangana, India
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12
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Soboleva OA, Gurkov TD, Stanimirova RD, Protsenko PV, Tsarkova LA. Volatile Aroma Surfactants: The Evaluation of the Adsorption-Evaporation Behavior under Dynamic and Equilibrium Conditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2793-2803. [PMID: 35201780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent heterogeneous systems containing volatile amphiphiles are relevant to the fields ranging from drug delivery to atmospheric science. Research presented here discloses the individual interfacial activity and adsorption-evaporation behavior of amphiphilic aroma molecules at the liquid-vapor interface. The surface tension of solutions of nonmicellar volatile surfactants linalool and benzyl acetate, fragrances as such, was compared with that of the conventional surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) under equilibrium as well as under no instantaneous equilibrium, including a fast-adsorbing regime. In open systems, the increase in the surface tension on a time scale of ∼10 min is evaluated using a phenomenological model. The derived characteristic mass transfer constant is shown to be specific to both the desorption mechanism and the chemistry of the volatile amphiphile. Fast-adsorbing behavior disclosed here, as well as the synergetic effect in the mixtures with conventional micellar surfactants, justifies the advantages of volatile amphiphiles as cosurfactants in dynamic interfacial processes. The demonstrated approach to derive specific material parameters of fragrance molecules can be used for an application-targeted selection of volatile cosurfactants, e.g., in emulsification and foaming, inkjet printing, microfluidics, spraying, and coating technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana A Soboleva
- Chair of Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Theodor D Gurkov
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering (DCPE), Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy at the University of Sofia, James Bourchier Avenue 1, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Rumyana D Stanimirova
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering (DCPE), Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy at the University of Sofia, James Bourchier Avenue 1, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Pavel V Protsenko
- Chair of Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Larisa A Tsarkova
- Chair of Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- German Textile Research Center Nord West (DTNW), Adlerstr. 1, Krefeld 47798, Germany
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13
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Borodulin VY, Letushko VN, Nizovtsev MI, Sterlyagov AN. Influence of Relative Air Humidity on Evaporation of Water–Ethanol Solution Droplets. COLLOID JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x21030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Katre P, Balusamy S, Banerjee S, Chandrala LD, Sahu KC. Evaporation Dynamics of a Sessile Droplet of Binary Mixture Laden with Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6311-6321. [PMID: 33983033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the evaporation dynamics of a sessile droplet of ethanol-water binary mixtures of different compositions laden with alumina nanoparticles and compare with the no-loading condition at different substrate temperatures. Shadowgraphy and infrared imaging methods are used, and the experimental images are postprocessed using a machine learning technique. We found that the loading and no-loading cases display distinct wetting and contact angle dynamics. Although the wetting diameter of a droplet decreases monotonically in the absence of loading, the droplet with 0.6 wt % nanoparticle loading remains pinned for the majority of its lifetime. The temporal variation of the normalized droplet volume in the no-loading case has two distinct slopes, with ethanol and water phases dominating the early and late stages of evaporation, respectively. The normalized droplet volume with 0.6 wt % loading displays a nearly linear behavior because of the increase in the heat transfer rate. Our results from infrared imaging reveal that a nanofluid droplet displays far richer thermal patterns than a droplet without nanoparticle loading. In nanoparticle-laden droplets, the pinning effect, as well as the resulting thermo-capillary and thermo-solutal convection, causes more intense internal mixing and a faster evaporation rate. Finally, a theoretical model is also developed that satisfactorily predicts the evaporation dynamics of binary nanofluid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Katre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502 285, Telangana India
| | - Saravanan Balusamy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502 285, Telangana India
| | - Sayak Banerjee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502 285, Telangana India
| | - Lakshmana Dora Chandrala
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502 285, Telangana India
| | - Kirti Chandra Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502 285, Telangana India
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Liang Y, Kitt JP, Minteer SD, Harris JM, Korzeniewski C. Vibrational Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Gelation Transition in Nafion Ionomer Dispersions. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 75:376-384. [PMID: 32700554 PMCID: PMC8027933 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820949129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Infrared and Raman spectroscopy techniques were applied to investigate the drying and aggregation behavior of Nafion ionomer particles dispersed in aqueous solution. Gravimetric measurements aided the identification of gel-phase development within a series of time-resolved spectra that tracked transformations of a dispersion sample during solvent evaporation. A spectral band characteristic of ionomer sidechain end group vibration provided a quantitative probe of the dispersion-to-gel change. For sets of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectra, adherence to Beer's law was attributed to the relatively constant refractive index in the frequency region of hydrated -SO 3 - group vibrations as fluorocarbon-rich ionomer regions aggregate in forming the structural framework of membranes and thin films. Although vibrational bands associated with ionomer backbone CF2 stretching vibrations were affected by distortion characteristic of wavelength-dependent refractive index change within a sample, the onset of band distortion signaled gel formation and coincided with ionomer mass % values just below the critical gelation point for Nafion aqueous dispersions. Similar temporal behavior was observed in confocal Raman microscopy experiments that monitored the formation of a thin ionomer film from an individual dispersion droplet. For the ATR FT-IR spectroscopy and confocal Raman microscopy techniques, intensity in the water H-O-H bending vibrational band dropped sharply at the ionomer critical gelation point and displayed a time dependence consistent with changes in water content derived from gravimetric measurements. The reported studies lay groundwork for examining the impact of dispersing solvents and above-ambient temperatures on fluorinated ionomer transformations that influence structural properties of dispersion-cast membranes and thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jay P. Kitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Joel M. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Carol Korzeniewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Lohani D, Sarkar S. Interconnected drying phenomena in nanoparticle laden water-ethanol binary droplets. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:35. [PMID: 33742250 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the evaporation of a multi-component droplet has found immense importance in various technological applications. This study investigates the evaporation behaviour of a colloidal binary droplet system comprising of the ethanol-water mixture and polystyrene nanoparticles. The wetting and evaporation dynamics were studied with an emphasis on the collective influence of ethanol and nanoparticle concentrations. The temporal behaviour of the contact angles, shapes and volumes of the droplets was monitored in order to analyse the evaporative behaviour. With increase of ethanol concentrations, the binary droplet volumes were found to decrease nonlinearly with time. Ethanol being more volatile evaporated in the initial stage. Towards the end of the evaporation process, the evaporation characteristics mimics the behaviour of pure water. Our study shows that the initial contact angle decreases monotonically with increased concentration of ethanol in the mixture. The contact angle is maximum for a particular nanoparticle concentration. Droplets with higher ethanol concentration show higher wettability which in its turn is maximum for low nanoparticle concentrations. This trend shows the interconnected effect of ethanol and nanoparticle concentrations on evaporation. Rim width of the final deposition pattern increases with nanoparticle concentration although it is almost independent of ethanol concentration. Finally, it is noticed that fast evaporation of a relatively more volatile component in a binary mixture droplet leads to nanoparticle segregation for low nanoparticle concentrations. Thus for binary mixtures, the evaporation of the more volatile component, ethanol for our case, offers characteristic differences in the resulting evaporation dynamics from that of pure water which finds applicability for multi-component evaporation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Lohani
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Subhendu Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India.
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Shardt N, Wang Y, Jin Z, Elliott JA. Surface tension as a function of temperature and composition for a broad range of mixtures. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Josyula T, Mahapatra PS, Pattamatta A. Insights into the evolution of the thermal field in evaporating sessile pure water drops. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Cai S, Li Q, Li W, Zhang L, Liu X. Effects of mole fraction and surface wettability on evaporation of Ar/Kr mixtures: A molecular dynamics study. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Cai S, Li Q, Liu C, Zhang L. Evaporation of Ar/Kr mixtures on platinum surface: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16157-16164. [PMID: 32638765 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02808h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation is a typical heat and mass transfer process, which is important in both nature and industry. Here, the evaporation of five fluid samples (pure Ar, pure Kr and Ar/Kr mixtures with molar ratio Ar : Kr = 1 : 3, Ar : Kr = 1 : 1 and Ar : Kr = 3 : 1) on Pt surface was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Colligative properties of the mixtures led to the melting of the Ar/Kr mixtures (Ar : Kr = 1 : 1, Ar : Kr = 3 : 1) at 70 K below the triple point of Ar. Furthermore, under the same condition, the other systems were frozen as the solid state. The Pt surface at 90 K, over the boiling point of Ar, triggered the evaporation of Ar atoms in all the systems while the Kr atoms remained in the condensed state. Kr atoms were reported to be evaporated to a large extent when the Pt surface was heated to 120 K near the boiling point of Kr. The presence of Kr could reduce the evaporation of the Ar atoms, especially when the mole ratio of Ar : Kr in the mixture was 1 : 1 because the Ar : Kr = 1 : 1 system can effectively reduce the temperature of the gas-liquid interface. The temperature of the fluid samples then decreased with increase in distance between Pt and fluid atoms because the evaporated atoms could take the thermal energy away from the condensed films. Moreover, both Ar and Kr atoms, which were close to the Pt surface, hardly changed during evaporation because of the strong attractive force from the Pt substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies & Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China.
| | - Qibin Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies & Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies & Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies & Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China.
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Ozturk T, Erbil HY. Simple Model for Diffusion-Limited Drop Evaporation of Binary Liquids from Physical Properties of the Components: Ethanol-Water Example. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1357-1371. [PMID: 31909624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the evaporation process of drops consisting of binary mixtures, in particular ethanol-water drops, is important in many industries such as ink-jet printing, cooling of microelectronics, and alcohol-added pesticide spray applications. The theory of the diffusion-limited drop evaporation process for pure liquids has been investigated thoroughly, and linear (dV(2/3)/dt) slopes were obtained for most of the cases. However, the evaporation of binary liquid drops was found to be much more complicated than that of the pure liquids due to the change of the composition of the drop by time and there is a need for the development of a new model. The experimental results on the diffusion-limited drop evaporation behavior of ethanol-water binary drops initially containing 25 and 50% ethanol by wt and having a volume of 7 μL were reported on a flat hydrophobic Teflon-FEP substrate under the constant relative humidity of 54% and 25 °C temperature conditions, together with pure liquids. The change of contact angles, heights, and contact radius of the drops by time were monitored with a camera. In a parallel study, the concentration changes in the bulk composition of ethanol-water binary drops of 7 μL (25 and 50% ethanol by wt) by time in the same evaporation conditions were monitored using a refractive index-ethanol concentration calibration curve. Then, the parameters affecting the drop evaporation process, such as total vapor pressures, average diffusion coefficient of binary vapors, average molecular weights, and densities of the liquid drops, were calculated using well-known physical chemistry approaches from the previously published data. These parameters were used to estimate the rate of binary ethanol-water drop evaporation, and it was determined that the proposed model fitted the (dV(2/3)/dt) slopes obtained from experimental data points with lower than 5% error when the surface cooling of the drops was considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Ozturk
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - H Yildirim Erbil
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
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22
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Koshiba Y, Yamamoto Y, Ohtani H. Fire suppression efficiency of water mists containing organic solvents. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2019.103973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Evaporation of ethanol/water mixture droplets on a pillar-like PDMS surface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Borodulin VY, Letushko VN, Nizovtsev MI, Sterlyagov AN. The Experimental Study of Evaporation of Water–Alcohol Solution Droplets. COLLOID JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x19030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Extrand CW, Sekeroglu K, Vangsgard K. Liquid Leaks: Dripping Versus Evaporation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12002-12006. [PMID: 30252488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Liquid leaks often reveal themselves as pendant drops or drips emanating from a low point on a fluid handling component. For volatile liquids, understanding the contributions of interfacial properties, such as diffusivity of the liquid and wettability of the solid, is crucial to determining leak rates. To estimate the resolution of hydrostatic leak testing, the competing factors of leak and evaporation rates were analyzed. We used drop volumes and contact angles along with intrinsic fluid properties to calculate the detection limit of hydrostatic leak tests. For water and ethanol, we reckon that it is approximately 10-4 to 10-5 cm3/s in dry air.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Extrand
- CPC , 1001 Westgate Drive , St. Paul , Minnesota 55114 , United States
| | - Koray Sekeroglu
- CPC , 1001 Westgate Drive , St. Paul , Minnesota 55114 , United States
| | - Kayla Vangsgard
- CPC , 1001 Westgate Drive , St. Paul , Minnesota 55114 , United States
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