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Alkhadra M, Su X, Suss ME, Tian H, Guyes EN, Shocron AN, Conforti KM, de Souza JP, Kim N, Tedesco M, Khoiruddin K, Wenten IG, Santiago JG, Hatton TA, Bazant MZ. Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13547-13635. [PMID: 35904408 PMCID: PMC9413246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water pollution is exacerbated by the decreasing ability of traditional treatment methods to comply with tightening environmental standards. This review provides a comprehensive description of the principles and applications of electrochemical methods for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion. Electrochemical methods have attractive features such as compact size, chemical selectivity, broad applicability, and reduced generation of secondary waste. Perhaps the greatest advantage of electrochemical methods, however, is that they remove contaminants directly from the water, while other technologies extract the water from the contaminants, which enables efficient removal of trace pollutants. The review begins with an overview of conventional electrochemical methods, which drive chemical or physical transformations via Faradaic reactions at electrodes, and proceeds to a detailed examination of the two primary mechanisms by which contaminants are separated in nondestructive electrochemical processes, namely electrokinetics and electrosorption. In these sections, special attention is given to emerging methods, such as shock electrodialysis and Faradaic electrosorption. Given the importance of generating clean, renewable energy, which may sometimes be combined with water purification, the review also discusses inverse methods of electrochemical energy conversion based on reverse electrosorption, electrowetting, and electrokinetic phenomena. The review concludes with a discussion of technology comparisons, remaining challenges, and potential innovations for the field such as process intensification and technoeconomic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
A. Alkhadra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew E. Suss
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel,Wolfson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel,Nancy
and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Huanhuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric N. Guyes
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Amit N. Shocron
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kameron M. Conforti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - J. Pedro de Souza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nayeong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michele Tedesco
- European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia,Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia,Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Juan G. Santiago
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Z. Bazant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States,Department
of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States,
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9
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Eswaraswamy B, Goel P, Mandal P, Chandra A, Chattopadhyay S. Nanocomposite interface coupled with thickness optimization promoting water dissociation in heterogeneous bipolar membrane. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanesh Eswaraswamy
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India
| | - Priya Goel
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India
| | - Priyabrata Mandal
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India
| | - Anusha Chandra
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India
- Department of Chemical Engineering Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University) Guntur India
| | - Sujay Chattopadhyay
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India
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Hosseini SM, Alibakhshi H, Jashni E, Parvizian F, Shen JN, Taheri M, Ebrahimi M, Rafiei N. A novel layer-by-layer heterogeneous cation exchange membrane for heavy metal ions removal from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 381:120884. [PMID: 31352152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel layer-by-layer (LbL) cation exchange membrane was prepared for heavy metal ions removal from water via electrodialysis. LBL membranes fabricated by coating of [chitosan-co-activated carbon nanoparticles] layer on polyvinyl chloride-based heterogeneous cation exchange membrane. Betterment in adherence of layers was achieved through glutaraldehyde cross linking. FTIR, FESEM, 3D-surface images and BET analysis were used for LBL membrane characterization. Membrane surface hydrophilicity, flux, membrane potential, transport number, and their permselectivity were studied. FTIR spectra confirm LbL formation decisively. FESEM images and BET analysis demonstrated that coating of second layer on PVC membrane led to a compact structure. LbL membrane showed smoother and more hydrophilic surface compared to pristine membrane. The transport number and permselectivity increased by deposition of second layer whereas sodium flux showed up-down trend. ED experiment showed good ability in heavy metal ions removal for LBL membrane that follows (Cu2+> Ni2+> Pb2+) sequence. EDX analysis showed a competitive adsorption for heavy metal ions on LBL membrane as (Pb2+> Cu2+≥Ni2+). The effect of ultrasonic waves on regeneration of fouled membranes by heavy metals was investigated. The results showed improved performance for the regenerated membrane. Mechanical resistance also improved by utilizing of ACNs in chitosan layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - H Alibakhshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - E Jashni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - F Parvizian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - J N Shen
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - M Taheri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - M Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - N Rafiei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
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