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Bromberg L, Magariños B, Concheiro A, Hatton TA, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Nonleaching Biocidal N-Halamine-Functionalized Polyamine-, Guanidine-, and Hydantoin-Based Coatings. Ind Eng Chem Res 2024; 63:6268-6278. [PMID: 38617110 PMCID: PMC11010268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Fibrous materials with inherent antimicrobial properties can help in real-time deactivation of microorganisms, enabling multiple uses while reducing secondary infections. Coatings with antiviral polymers enhance the surface functionality for existing and potential future pandemics. Herein, we demonstrated a straightforward route toward biocidal surface creation using polymers with nucleophilic biguanide, guanidine, and hydantoin groups that are covalently attached onto a solid support. Biocidal poly(N-vinylguanidine) (PVG) and poly(allylamine-co-4-aminopyridine-co-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydantoin) (PAH) were introduced for coating applications along with commercially available polyvinylamine (PVAm) and poly(hexamethylene biguanide) (PHMB). Nonleaching coatings were created by first fabricating bifunctional siloxane or isocyanate precursor coatings on the cotton, nylon-cotton, and glass fiber fabric, followed by the polymer attachment. The developed grafting methods ensured the stability of the coating and the reuse of the material while maintaining the biocidal properties. Halogenation of polymer-coated fabric was conducted by aqueous solutions of sodium hypochlorite or in situ generation of hypobromous acid (HOBr), resulting in surfaces coated by N-halamines with high contents of active > N-Cl or > N-Br groups. The polymer-coated fabrics were stable in multiple laundry cycles and maintained hydrophilic character after coating and halogenation. Halogenated polymer-coated fabrics completely inactivated human respiratory coronavirus based on a contact-killing mechanism and were shown to be reusable after recharging with bromine or chlorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Bromberg
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Beatriz Magariños
- Department
of Microbiology and Parasitology, Facultad de Biología, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma
Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS),
and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma
Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS),
and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
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2
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Tan KJ, Morikawa S, Hatton TA. Electroactive Behavior of Adjustable Vinylferrocene Copolymers in Electrolyte Media. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1748-1759. [PMID: 38331399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The redox-active properties of a series of ferrocene-containing vinyl polymers were investigated in aqueous and organic media. Each metallopolymer contained vinylferrocene (VFc) and a non-redox-active species (X), and was combined with carbon nanotubes (CNT) to generate P(VFcn-co-X1-n)-CNT composites for heterogeneous electrochemical analysis. Tunable pseudocapacitances spanning ca. 0.03-280 F/g VFc in aqueous solution were achieved by varying the copolymer composition, with P(VFc0.11-co-HEMA0.89) producing standardized values at ca. 160-180 F/g VFc even for differently hydrated anions. Additionally, the polymer-bound ferrocene/ferrocenium redox potential was seen to depend prominently on its electrolyte anion's Gibbs free energy of hydration. Although the hydrophilic chloride anion negatively influenced the electrochemical stability of the VFc units when in their PVFc homopolymer, copolymerizing them with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and introducing perchlorate anions ameliorated their overall capacity retention by 64% and 38%, respectively. Lastly, the electrodes' responses in aprotic and protic solvents were examined for correlations with numerous solvent polarity metrics and solubility measures, with a notable observation being the stability and pseudocapacitive increase of the styrene (St)-containing P(VFc0.27-co-St0.73)-CNT from 5 to ca. 190 F/g VFc when in methanol instead of water. This study can help provide insight regarding material design considerations for redox moiety implementation in electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jher Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Satoshi Morikawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Bromberg L, Magariños B, Torres BS, Santos Y, Concheiro A, Hatton TA, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Multifunctional polymeric guanidine and hydantoin halamines with broad biocidal activity. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123779. [PMID: 38181993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged and excessive use of biocides during the coronavirus disease era calls for incorporating new antiviral polymers that enhance the surface design and functionality for existing and potential future pandemics. Herein, we investigated previously unexplored polyamines with nucleophilic biguanide, guanidine, and hydantoin groups that all can be halogenated leading to high contents of oxidizing halogen that enables enhancement of the biocidal activity. Primary amino groups can be used to attach poly(N-vinylguanidine) (PVG) and poly(allylamine-co-4-aminopyridine-co-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydantoin) (PAH) as well as a broad-spectrum commercial biocide poly(hexamethylene biguanide) (PHMB) onto a solid support. Halogenation of polymer suspensions was conducted through in situ generation of excess hypobromous acid (HBrO) from bromine and sodium hydroxide or by sodium hypochlorite in aqueous solutions, resulting in N-halamines with high contents of active > N-Br or > N-Cl groups. The virucidal activity of the polymers against human respiratory coronavirus HCoV-229E increased dramatically with their halogenation. Brominated PHMB-Br showed activation activity value > 5 even at 1 mg/L, and complete virus inhibition was observed with either PHMB-Br or PAH-Br at 10 mg/mL. Brominated PVG-Br and PAH-Br possessed fungicidal activity against C. albicans, while PHMB was fungistatic. PHMB, PHMB-Br and PAH polymers demonstrated excellent bactericidal activity against the methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. Brominated polymers (PHMB-Br, PVG-Br, PAH-Br) were not toxic to the HeLa monolayers, indicating acceptable biocompatibility to cultured human cells. With these features, the N-halamine polymers of the present study are a worthwhile addition to the arsenal of biocides and are promising candidates for development of non-leaching coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Bromberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Beatriz Magariños
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Facultad de Biología, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz S Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Facultad de Biología, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ysabel Santos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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4
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Seo H, Nitzsche MP, Hatton TA. Redox-Mediated pH Swing Systems for Electrochemical Carbon Capture. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3153-3164. [PMID: 37949611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe rising levels of atmospheric CO2 and their resulting impacts on the climate have necessitated the urgent development of effective carbon capture technologies. Electrochemical carbon capture systems have emerged as a potential alternative to conventional thermal systems based on amine solutions due to their modularity, energy efficiency, and lower environmental impact. Among these, aqueous electrochemical pH swing systems that capitalize on the pH dependence of dissolved inorganic carbon (CO2/HCO3-/CO32-) speciation to capture and release CO2 are of particular interest as they can be flexible in system design and in the range of electrochemical potentials used as well as being environmentally benign. In this Account, we present our recent findings in pH swing-based electrochemical carbon capture using redox-active materials, paving the way toward a sustainable solution for mitigating CO2 emissions.In the first section, we discuss the utilization of molecular redox-active organic materials in electrochemical carbon capture by the pH swing method. This electrochemical system configuration involves homogeneous aqueous electrolytes containing molecular redox-active compounds combined with inert carbon-based electrodes. We first present the development of redox-active amine and oxygen-insensitive neutral red (NR)-based systems. Notably, the discovery of 1-aminopyridinium (1-AP) as an electrochemically reversible compound enables efficient pH swing, leading to an impressive electron utilization of 1.25 mol of CO2 per mole of electrons. Additionally, we explore an oxygen-insensitive neutral red/leuconeutral red (NR/NRH2) redox system, which demonstrates potential applicability to direct air capture (DAC) systems with ambient air as a feed gas.The second section focuses on the utilization of inorganic nanomaterials for redox-active electrodes for pH swing-based electrochemical carbon capture. In this system configuration, we employ redox-active electrodes for inducing reversible pH swings in aqueous electrolytes without interrupting other ionic species, except protons. Specifically, we explore the effectiveness of manganese oxide (MnO2) electrodes for achieving selective CO2 removal from simulated flue gas. We then demonstrate a bismuth/silver (Bi/BiOCl, Ag/AgCl) nanoparticle electrode system as a sodium-insensitive pH swing system for extracting dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from simulated seawater with high electrochemical energy efficiency.Overall, these advances in pH swing-based electrochemical carbon capture offer promising preliminary solutions for combating climate change by capturing CO2 from dilute sources such as flue gas and ambient air as well as enabling direct carbon removal from ocean water. While these systems have demonstrated impressive energy efficiency and environmental benefits using redox-active materials, they represent only the beginning of our research journey. Further development and optimization are currently underway as we strive to unlock their full potential for large-scale implementation, paving the way toward a sustainable and carbon-neutral future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael P Nitzsche
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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Guo Y, Bolongaro V, Hatton TA. Scalable Biomass-Derived Hydrogels for Sustainable Carbon Dioxide Capture. Nano Lett 2023; 23:9697-9703. [PMID: 37555653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon capture and sequestration are promising emissions mitigation technologies to counteract ongoing climate change. The aqueous amine scrubbing process is industrially mature but suffers from low energy efficiency and inferior stability. Solid sorbent-based carbon capture systems present a potentially advantageous alternative. However, practical implementation remains challenging due to limited CO2 uptake at dilute concentrations and difficulty in regeneration. Here, we develop sustainable carbon-capture hydrogels (SCCH) with an excellent CO2 uptake of 3.6 mmol g-1 (400 ppm) at room temperature. The biomass gel network consists of konjac glucomannan and hydroxypropyl cellulose, facilitating hierarchically porous structures for active CO2 transport and capture. Precaptured moisture significantly enhances CO2 binding by forming water molecule-stabilized zwitterions to improve the amine utilization efficiency. The thermoresponsive SCCH exhibits a notable advantage of low regeneration temperature at 60 °C, enabling solar-powered regeneration and highlighting the potential for sustainable carbon capture to meet global decarbonization targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vittoria Bolongaro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Tan KJ, Morikawa S, Hemmatifar A, Ozbek N, Liu Y, Hatton TA. Hydrophobicity Tuned Polymeric Redox Materials with Solution-Specific Electroactive Properties for Selective Electrochemical Metal Ion Recovery in Aqueous Environments. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:43859-43870. [PMID: 37695877 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Adaptable redox-active materials hold great potential for electrochemically mediated separation processes via targeted molecular recognition and reduced energy requirements. This work presents molecularly tunable vinylferrocene metallopolymers (P(VFc-co-X)) with modifiable operating potentials, charge storage capacities, capacity retentions, and analyte affinities in various electrolyte environments based on the hydrophobicity of X. The styrene (St) co-monomer impedes hydrophobic anions from ferrocene access, providing P(VFc-co-St) with specific response capabilities for and greatly improved cyclabilities in hydrophilic anions. This adjustable electrochemical stability enables preferential chromium and rhenium oxyanion separation from both hydrophobic and hydrophilic electrolytes that significantly surpasses capacitive removal by an order of magnitude, with a robust perrhenate uptake capacity of 329 mg/g VFc competitive with established metal-organic framework physisorbents and 17-fold selectivity over 20-fold excess nitrate. Pairing P(VFc-co-X) with other solution-specific electroactive macromolecules such as the pH-dependent poly(hydroquinone) (PHQ) and the cesium-selective nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) generates dual-functionalized electrosorption cells. P(VFc-co-X)//PHQ offers optimizable energetics based on X and pH for a substantial 4.6-fold reduction from 0.21 to 0.04 kWh/mol rhenium in acidic versus near-neutral media, and P(VFc-co-St)//NiHCF facilitates simultaneous extraction of rhenium, chromium, and cesium ions. Proof-of-concept reversible perrhenate separation in flow further highlights such frameworks as promising approaches for next-generation water purification technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jher Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Satoshi Morikawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ali Hemmatifar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nil Ozbek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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7
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Biel-Nielsen TL, Hatton TA, Villadsen SNB, Jakobsen JS, Bonde JL, Spormann AM, Fosbøl PL. Electrochemistry-Based CO 2 Removal Technologies. ChemSusChem 2023; 16:e202202345. [PMID: 36861656 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented increase in atmospheric CO2 levels calls for efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective technologies for CO2 removal, including both capture and conversion approaches. Current CO2 abatement is largely based on energy-intensive thermal processes with a high degree of inflexibility. In this Perspective, it is argued that future CO2 technologies will follow the general societal trend towards electrified systems. This transition is largely promoted by decreasing electricity prices, continuous expansion of renewable energy infrastructure, and breakthroughs in carbon electrotechnologies, such as electrochemically modulated amine regeneration, redox-active quinones and other species, and microbial electrosynthesis. In addition, new initiatives make electrochemical carbon capture an integrated part of Power-to-X applications, for example, by linking it to H2 production. Selected electrochemical technologies crucial for a future sustainable society are reviewed. However, significant further development of these technologies within the next decade is needed, to meet the ambitious climate goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Lund Biel-Nielsen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastian N B Villadsen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob L Bonde
- ESTECH A/S, Sverigesvej 13, DK-5700, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Alfred M Spormann
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, California, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation CO2 Research Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Building 3135, 214, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Philip L Fosbøl
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Zhu P, Wu ZY, Elgazzar A, Dong C, Wi TU, Chen FY, Xia Y, Feng Y, Shakouri M, Kim JYT, Fang Z, Hatton TA, Wang H. Continuous carbon capture in an electrochemical solid-electrolyte reactor. Nature 2023; 618:959-966. [PMID: 37380692 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical carbon-capture technologies, with renewable electricity as the energy input, are promising for carbon management but still suffer from low capture rates, oxygen sensitivity or system complexity1-6. Here we demonstrate a continuous electrochemical carbon-capture design by coupling oxygen/water (O2/H2O) redox couple with a modular solid-electrolyte reactor7. By performing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) redox electrolysis, our device can efficiently absorb dilute carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules at the high-alkaline cathode-membrane interface to form carbonate ions, followed by a neutralization process through the proton flux from the anode to continuously output a high-purity (>99%) CO2 stream from the middle solid-electrolyte layer. No chemical inputs were needed nor side products generated during the whole carbon absorption/release process. High carbon-capture rates (440 mA cm-2, 0.137 mmolCO2 min-1 cm-2 or 86.7 kgCO2 day-1 m-2), high Faradaic efficiencies (>90% based on carbonate), high carbon-removal efficiency (>98%) in simulated flue gas and low energy consumption (starting from about 150 kJ per molCO2) were demonstrated in our carbon-capture solid-electrolyte reactor, suggesting promising practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhen-Yu Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmad Elgazzar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Changxin Dong
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tae-Ung Wi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng-Yang Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuge Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohsen Shakouri
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jung Yoon Timothy Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haotian Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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9
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Tan KJ, Morikawa S, Ozbek N, Lenz M, Arlt CR, Tschöpe A, Franzreb M, Hatton TA. Redox Polyelectrolytes with pH-Sensitive Electroactive Functionality in Aqueous Media. Langmuir 2023; 39:2943-2956. [PMID: 36794996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A framework of ferrocene-containing polymers bearing adjustable pH- and redox-active properties in aqueous electrolyte environments was developed. The electroactive metallopolymers were designed to possess enhanced hydrophilicity compared to the vinylferrocene (VFc) homopolymer, poly(vinylferrocene) (PVFc), by virtue of the comonomer incorporated into the macromolecule, and could also be prepared as conductive nanoporous carbon nanotube (CNT) composites that offered a variety of different redox potentials spanning a ca. 300 mV range. The presence of charged non-redox-active moieties such as methacrylate (MA) in the polymeric structure endowed it with acid dissociation properties that interacted synergistically with the redox activity of the ferrocene moieties to impart pH-dependent electrochemical behavior to the overall polymer, which was subsequently studied and compared to several Nernstian relationships in both homogeneous and heterogeneous configurations. This zwitterionic characteristic was leveraged for the enhanced electrochemical separation of several transition metal oxyanions using a P(VFc0.63-co-MA0.37)-CNT polyelectrolyte electrode, which yielded an almost twofold preference for chromium as hydrogen chromate versus its chromate form, and also exemplified the electrochemically mediated and innately reversible nature of the separation process through the capture and release of vanadium oxyanions. These investigations into pH-sensitive redox-active materials provide insight for future developments in stimuli-responsive molecular recognition, with extendibility to areas such as electrochemical sensing and selective separation for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jher Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Satoshi Morikawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Nil Ozbek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Magdalena Lenz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Carsten-René Arlt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - André Tschöpe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden-Württemberg 76344, Germany
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
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10
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Wu L, Zhang C, Kim S, Hatton TA, Mo H, Waite TD. Corrigendum to 'Lithium Recovery using Electrochemical Technologies: Advances and Challenges' Water Research 221 (2022) 118822. Water Res 2023; 230:119525. [PMID: 36592571 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Seoni Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hengliang Mo
- Beijing Origin Water Membrane Technology Company Limited, Huairou, Beijing 101400, PR China
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, PR China.
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11
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Bromberg L, Nitzsche MP, Hatton TA. Capture and electrochemical conversion of CO 2 in molten alkali metal borate-carbonate blends. Nanoscale 2022; 14:13141-13154. [PMID: 36069421 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03355k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A family of blended compositions of molten mixed lithium and sodium borate (Li1.5Na1.5BO3) and eutectic lithium-potassium carbonate (Li1.24K0.76CO3) salts has been introduced as reversible carbon dioxide absorbents and as media for CO2 electrolysis for carbon conversion. Material properties, temperature effects and kinetics of CO2 uptake were examined. Li, Na borate can absorb up to 7.3 mmol g-1 CO2 at 600 °C. The blended borate-carbonate compositions are molten in the 550-600 °C temperature range, with viscosity adjustable to within a 10-1000 Pa s window depending on the borate/carbonate ratio. The blends can withstand cyclic temperature and CO2 pressure swings without significant deterioration of their CO2 uptake capabilities. Addition of eutectic carbonate into mixed Li, Na borate salts lowers overall CO2 uptake due to the lower solubility of CO2 in carbonate. However, addition of the eutectic lowers the temperature of the pressure swing operation and dramatically accelerates the CO2 uptake during the initial stage of the absorption, potentially enabling a faster cycling. Electroreduction of CO2 and carbon deposition on a galvanized steel cathode was more effective with increasing carbonate fraction in the molten alkali borate/carbonate blend. Blended borate/carbonate compositions with 50-60% borate content possessed sufficiently high loading capacity for CO2 and simultaneously enabled maximum carbon product yield and Coulombic efficiency. Most of the recovered carbon product was shown to be in the form of multiwalled carbon nanotube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Bromberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Michael P Nitzsche
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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12
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Kang JS, Kim S, Kang J, Joo H, Jang J, Jo K, Park S, Kim HI, Yoo SJ, Yoon J, Sung YE, Hatton TA. Surface Electrochemistry of Carbon Electrodes and Faradaic Reactions in Capacitive Deionization. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:12602-12612. [PMID: 35998306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in electrochemical desalination techniques have paved way for utilization of saline water. In particular, capacitive deionization (CDI) enables removal of salts with high energy efficiency and economic feasibility, while its applicability has been challenged by degradation of carbon electrodes in long-term operations. Herein, we report a thorough investigation on the surface electrochemistry of carbon electrodes and Faradaic reactions that are responsible for stability issues of CDI systems. By using bare and membrane CDI (MCDI) as model systems, we identified various electrochemical reactions of carbon electrodes with water or oxygen, with thermodynamics and kinetics governed by the electrode potential and pH. As a result, a complete overview of the Faradaic reactions taking place in CDI was constructed by tracing the physicochemical changes occurring in CDI and MCDI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Soo Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Resources Engineering and Research Institute of Energy and Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoni Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajoo Joo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusik Jo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Il Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jong Yoo
- Center for Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyong Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Eun Sung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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Alkhadra M, Su X, Suss ME, Tian H, Guyes EN, Shocron AN, Conforti KM, de Souza JP, Kim N, Tedesco M, Khoiruddin K, Wenten IG, Santiago JG, Hatton TA, Bazant MZ. Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13547-13635. [PMID: 35904408 PMCID: PMC9413246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water pollution is exacerbated by the decreasing ability of traditional treatment methods to comply with tightening environmental standards. This review provides a comprehensive description of the principles and applications of electrochemical methods for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion. Electrochemical methods have attractive features such as compact size, chemical selectivity, broad applicability, and reduced generation of secondary waste. Perhaps the greatest advantage of electrochemical methods, however, is that they remove contaminants directly from the water, while other technologies extract the water from the contaminants, which enables efficient removal of trace pollutants. The review begins with an overview of conventional electrochemical methods, which drive chemical or physical transformations via Faradaic reactions at electrodes, and proceeds to a detailed examination of the two primary mechanisms by which contaminants are separated in nondestructive electrochemical processes, namely electrokinetics and electrosorption. In these sections, special attention is given to emerging methods, such as shock electrodialysis and Faradaic electrosorption. Given the importance of generating clean, renewable energy, which may sometimes be combined with water purification, the review also discusses inverse methods of electrochemical energy conversion based on reverse electrosorption, electrowetting, and electrokinetic phenomena. The review concludes with a discussion of technology comparisons, remaining challenges, and potential innovations for the field such as process intensification and technoeconomic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
A. Alkhadra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew E. Suss
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel,Wolfson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel,Nancy
and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Huanhuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric N. Guyes
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Amit N. Shocron
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kameron M. Conforti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - J. Pedro de Souza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nayeong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michele Tedesco
- European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia,Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia,Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Juan G. Santiago
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Z. Bazant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States,Department
of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States,
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14
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Diederichsen KM, Hatton TA. Nondimensional Analysis of a Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor for Direct Air Capture. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Diederichsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Wu L, Zhang C, Kim S, Hatton TA, Mo H, Waite TD. Lithium recovery using electrochemical technologies: Advances and challenges. Water Res 2022; 221:118822. [PMID: 35834973 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the electric-vehicle revolution, a sharp increase in lithium (Li) demand as a result of the need to produce Li-ion batteries is expected in coming years. To enable a sustainable Li supply, there is an urgent need to develop cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods to extract Li from a variety of sources including Li-rich salt-lake brines, seawater, and wastewaters. While the prevalent lime soda evaporation method is suitable for the mass extraction of Li from brine sources with low Mg/Li ratios, it is time-consuming (>1 year) and typically exhibits low Li recovery. Electrochemically-based methods have emerged as promising processes to recover Li given their ease of management, limited requirement for additional chemicals, minimal waste production, and high selectivity towards Li. This state-of-the-art review provides a comprehensive overview of current advances in two key electrochemical Li recovery technologies (electrosorption and electrodialysis) with particular attention given to advances in understanding of mechanism, materials, operational modes, and system configurations. We highlight the most pressing challenges these technologies encounter including (i) limited electrode capacity, poor electrode stability and co-insertion of impurity cations in the electrosorption process, and (ii) limited Li selectivity of available ion exchange membranes, ion leakage and membrane scaling in the electrodialysis process. We then systematically describe potentially effective strategies to overcome these challenges and, further, provide future perspectives, particularly with respect to the translation of innovation at bench-scale to industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Seoni Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Hengliang Mo
- Beijing Origin Water Membrane Technology Company Limited, Huairou, Beijing 101400, PR China
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, PR China.
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16
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Clarke LE, Leonard ME, Hatton TA, Brushett FR. Thermodynamic Modeling of CO 2 Separation Systems with Soluble, Redox-Active Capture Species. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Clarke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - McLain E. Leonard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fikile R. Brushett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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17
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Hemmatifar A, Kang JS, Ozbek N, Tan K, Hatton TA. Electrochemically Mediated Direct CO 2 Capture by a Stackable Bipolar Cell. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202102533. [PMID: 35061332 PMCID: PMC9303529 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration calls for effective carbon capture technologies. With distributed sources contributing to about half of the overall emission, CO2 capture from the atmosphere [direct air capture, (DAC)] is more relevant than ever. Herein, an electrochemically mediated DAC system is reported which utilizes affinity of redox-active quinone moieties towards CO2 molecules, and unlike incumbent chemisorption technologies which require temperature or pH swing, relies solely on the electrochemical voltage for CO2 capture and release. The design and operation of a DAC system is demonstrated with stackable bipolar cells using quinone chemistry. Specifically, poly(vinylanthraquinone) (PVAQ) negative electrode undergoes a two-electron reduction reaction and reversibly complexes with CO2 , leading to CO2 sequestration from the feed stream. The subsequent PVAQ oxidation, conversely, results in release of CO2 . The performance of both small- and meso-scale cells for DAC are evaluated with feed CO2 concentrations as low as 400 ppm (0.04 %), and energy consumption is demonstrated as low as 113 kJ per mole of CO2 captured. Notably, the bipolar cell construct is modular and expandable, equally suitable for small and large plants. Moving forward, this work presents a viable and highly customizable electrochemical method for DAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hemmatifar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
| | - Jin Soo Kang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
| | - Nil Ozbek
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
| | - Kai‐Jher Tan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
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18
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Tan KJ, Morikawa S, Phillips KR, Ozbek N, Hatton TA. Redox-Active Magnetic Composites for Anionic Contaminant Removal from Water. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:8974-8983. [PMID: 35144378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global water security is jeopardized by the presence of anthropogenic contaminants, which can persist resiliently in the environment and adversely affect human health. Surface adsorption of polluting species is an effective technique for water purification. In this work, redox-active magnetic compounds were designed for the targeted removal of inorganic and organic anions in water via polymeric redox-active vinylferrocene (VFc) and pyrrole (Py) moieties. An Fe3O4@SiO2@PPy@P(VFc-co-HEMA) composite was prepared in a four-step process, with the outermost layer possessing heightened hydrophilicity as a result of the optimized incorporation of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) monomers into the backbone of the ferrocene macromolecule. The synthesized materials are able to separate carcinogenic hexavalent chromium oxyanions and other charged micropollutants, and exhibit a 2-fold or greater enhancement in adsorption uptake once the redox-active ferrocene groups are oxidized to ferrocenium cations, with capacities of 23, 49, 66, and 95 mg/g VFc for maleic acid, 2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionic acid (Naproxen), (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), and (2-dodecylbenzene)sulfonic acid (DBS), respectively, and a > 99% extractability of chromium in the 1 ppm range. The application of redox-active components to a magnetic particulate scaffold improves maneuverability and phase contact, giving rise to new potential aqueous separation process frameworks for water or product purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jher Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Satoshi Morikawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Katherine R Phillips
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nil Ozbek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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19
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Abstract
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from the combustion of fossil fuels is a major contributor to global climate change and ocean acidification. The implementation of carbon capture and storage technologies has been proposed to mitigate the buildup of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Among these technologies, direct air capture is regarded as a plausible CO2 removal tool whereby net negative emissions can be achieved. However, the separation of CO2 from air is particularly challenging due to the ultradilute concentration of CO2 in the presence of high concentrations of dioxygen and water. Here, we report a robust electrochemical redox-active amine system demonstrating a high electron utilization (i.e., mole of CO2 per mole of electrons) of up to 1.25 with the capture of two CO2 molecules per amine in an aqueous solution with a work of 101 kJe per moles of CO2. The capture of CO2 directly from ambient air as the feed gas presented an electron utilization of 0.78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mohammad Rahimi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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20
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Rahimi M, Khurram A, Hatton TA, Gallant B. Electrochemical carbon capture processes for mitigation of CO 2 emissions. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8676-8695. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00443g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the emerging science and research progress underlying electrochemical processes for carbon capture for mitigation of CO2 emissions, and assesses their current maturity and trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahimi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Aliza Khurram
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Betar Gallant
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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21
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Kumar A, Kim Y, Su X, Fukuda H, Naidu G, Du F, Vigneswaran S, Drioli E, Hatton TA, Lienhard JH. Advances and challenges in metal ion separation from water. Trends in Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Halliday
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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23
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Torres MDT, Voskian S, Brown P, Liu A, Lu TK, Hatton TA, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Coatable and Resistance-Proof Ionic Liquid for Pathogen Eradication. ACS Nano 2021; 15:966-978. [PMID: 33438392 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria infect close to 3 million people, and kill 35,000, each year in the United States. Ionic liquid (IL)-based antimicrobial agents have the potential to diversify our ever-diminishing antibiotic arsenal. Here, we describe an IL with potent submicromolar antimicrobial activity in vitro against clinically relevant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens as well as anti-infective activity in a mouse model. The IL kills pathogenic bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli by disrupting their outer membrane and does not select for bacterial resistance. We show incorporation of our IL into surface coatings to generate a type of antibiofilm material. The IL-loaded ionogel surfaces demonstrate high-antimicrobial and antifouling activity by killing bacteria in both static and dynamic tests. Our IL-based antibiofilm surfaces are low-cost and easy to manufacture, can be formed on glass, latex, plastic, and metal surfaces, such as catheters and other medical devices where high local concentrations of antimicrobials are needed, and may have applications in other clinical and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sahag Voskian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paul Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andong Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Halliday
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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25
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Halliday C, Ozbek N, Hatton TA. Understanding Material Compatibility in CO 2 Capture Systems Using Molten Alkali Metal Borates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:51468-51477. [PMID: 33169601 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molten alkali metal borates have been proposed as energy-efficient sorbents for the low-cost capture of CO2 at high temperatures. The molten sorbents could help to mitigate global warming by capturing CO2 from industrial sources and preventing the release of CO2 into the atmosphere. However, these novel materials operate under harsh conditions, introducing challenges of which material compatibility is one of the most important. Other than platinum, where a less than 0.1% change in performance was observed over 1000 h of continuous use, few materials were found to be compatible with the molten salts. Common ceramics, steels, and superalloys were eliminated from consideration due to corrosive oxidation of the substrate and contamination of the melt resulting in chemical degradation and reduction in the sorbent's working capacity. A high-purity nickel alloy, Nickel 200/201, with a protective oxide layer was found to perform optimally with regards to both corrosive degradation and chemical degradation. Modest corrosion rates on the order of 0.3-0.5 mm/year were estimated, and the sorbent capacity was found to drop by between a manageable 0.5 and 20% over 100 h. Various protective measures are proposed, and future work suggested, to ensure that material compatibility does not limit the potential of molten alkali metal borates to reduce CO2 emissions and contribute to a clean energy future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Halliday
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nil Ozbek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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26
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Jasemizad T, Bromberg L, Hatton TA, Padhye LP. Oxidation of betrixaban to yield N-nitrosodimethylamine by water disinfectants. Water Res 2020; 186:116309. [PMID: 32836149 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of betrixaban, an oral anticoagulant recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and its N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation potential were studied mechanistically in the presence of monochloramine (NH2Cl), free chlorine, and ozone. Upon monochloramination, the formation of NDMA exceeded 1% at basic pH and was significant at circumneutral pH as well. The kinetic studies revealed that the reaction between betrixaban and monochloramine followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. Increasing monochloramine concentration, its reaction time, and pH all significantly enhanced the NDMA formation yield, which also increased three-fold in the presence of bromide during monochloraminantion. The presence of nitrite inhibited the formation of NDMA under the same conditions. This study revealed a new potent and significant precursor of NDMA, indicating that monochloramination of waters containing betrixaban can lead to the formation of NDMA and other disinfection by-products such as dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and dimethylformamide (DMF). Moreover, chlorination of betrixaban by hypochlorite also yielded NDMA, albeit at two orders of magnitude lower yield than chloramination, while no NDMA formation was observed from ozonation of betrixaban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Jasemizad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Lev Bromberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge MA 02139, United States.
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge MA 02139, United States.
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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27
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Liu Y, Chow CM, Phillips KR, Wang M, Voskian S, Hatton TA. Electrochemically mediated gating membrane with dynamically controllable gas transport. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabc1741. [PMID: 33067231 PMCID: PMC7567586 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of mass transfer across membranes is central to a wide spectrum of applications. Despite numerous examples of stimuli-responsive membranes for liquid-phase species, this goal remains elusive for gaseous molecules. We describe a previously unexplored gas gating mechanism driven by reversible electrochemical metal deposition/dissolution on a conductive membrane, which can continuously modulate the interfacial gas permeability over two orders of magnitude with high efficiency and short response time. The gating mechanism involves neither moving parts nor dead volume and can therefore enable various engineering processes. An electrochemically mediated carbon dioxide concentrator demonstrates proof of concept by integrating the gating membranes with redox-active sorbents, where gating effectively prevented the cross-talk between feed and product gas streams for high-efficiency, directional carbon dioxide pumping. We anticipate our concept of dynamically regulating transport at gas-liquid interfaces to broadly inspire systems in fields of gas separation, miniaturized devices, multiphase reactors, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chun-Man Chow
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katherine R Phillips
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sahag Voskian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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28
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He F, Hemmatifar A, Bazant MZ, Hatton TA. Selective adsorption of organic anions in a flow cell with asymmetric redox active electrodes. Water Res 2020; 182:115963. [PMID: 32622126 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemically mediated adsorption is an emerging technology that utilizes redox active (or Faradaic) materials and has exhibited high salt adsorption capacity and superb ion selectivity. Here, we use a redox polymer polyvinylferrocene (PVFc) as the anode and a conducting polymer polypyrrole doped with a large anionic surfactant (pPy-DBS) as the cathode for selective electrochemical removal of inorganic and organic components. We fabricated a flow system with alternating adsorption/desorption steps incorporating an electrosorption cell and inline probes (ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, conductivity and pH sensors) to demonstrate on-the-fly quantification of the ion adsorption performance. The flow system provides a more realistic evaluation of dynamic selectivity for the active materials during cyclic operation than that based on a single equilibrium adsorption step in batch. Our results show a three-fold (cycle) selectivity toward the removal of benzoate, as a representative organic anion, against a 50-fold abundance of perchlorate supporting anion, indicating that electrochemically mediated adsorption is a promising technology for waste water remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ali Hemmatifar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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29
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Hemmatifar A, Ozbek N, Halliday C, Hatton TA. Electrochemical Selective Recovery of Heavy Metal Vanadium Oxyanion from Continuously Flowing Aqueous Streams. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:3865-3874. [PMID: 32449988 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical flow cell with redox-active electrodes was used for selective removal and recovery of vanadium(V) oxyanions from aqueous streams. The cell relies on intrinsic affinity of the redox-active polymer poly(vinyl)ferrocene (PVFc) and demonstrates selectivity of >10 towards vanadium compared to a background electrolyte in 40-fold abundance. We demonstrate highly selective vanadium removal in the presence of various competing anions (i.e., fluoride, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate). Surface elemental analysis reveals significant correlation between PVFc moieties and vanadium-rich regions after adsorption, corroborating the central role of PVFc modulation on vanadium separation. We further propose a vanadium speciation mechanism in which high and low pH environments during adsorption and desorption steps favor formation of, respectively, H2 VO3 - / HVO4 2- and H2 VO3 - / H3 VO4 / VO2 + . Results have implications for the development and optimization of flow devices, as per our observations, excessively low pH environments during desorption can lead to subsequent re-adsorption of cationic vanadium(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hemmatifar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nil Ozbek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Cameron Halliday
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes 02139, United States
| | - Ryan Shaw
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes 02139, United States
| | - Emre Gencer
- MIT Energy Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes 02139, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes 02139, United States
- MIT Energy Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes 02139, United States
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31
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Rahimi M, Diederichsen KM, Ozbek N, Wang M, Choi W, Hatton TA. An Electrochemically Mediated Amine Regeneration Process with a Mixed Absorbent for Postcombustion CO 2 Capture. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:8999-9007. [PMID: 32551550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemically mediated amine regeneration (EMAR) was recently developed to avoid the use of thermal means to release CO2 captured from postcombustion flue gas in the benchmark amine process. To address concerns related to the high vapor pressure of ethylenediamine (EDA) as the primary amine used in EMAR, a mixture of EDA and aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA) was investigated. The properties of the mixed amine systems, including the absorption rates, electrolyte pH and conductivity, and CO2 capacity, were evaluated in comparison with those of solely EDA. The mixed amine system had similar properties to that of EDA, indicating no significant changes would be necessary for the future implementation of the EMAR process with mixed amines as opposed to that with just EDA. The electrochemical performance of the mixed amines in terms of the cell voltage, gas desorption rate, electron utilization, and energetics was also investigated. A 50/50 mixture of EDA and AEEA displayed the lowest energetics: ∼10% lower than that of 100% EDA. With this mixture, a continuous EMAR process, in which the absorption column was connected to the electrochemical cell as the desorption stage, was tested over 100 h. The cell voltage was very stable and there was a steady gas output close to theoretical values. The desorbed gas was further analyzed and found to be 100% CO2, confirming no evaporation of the amine. The mixed absorbent composition was also characterized using titration and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the results showed no amine degradation. These findings that demonstrate a stable, low vapor pressure absorbent with improved energetics are promising and could be a guideline for the future development of EMAR for CO2 capture from flue gas and other sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kyle M Diederichsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nil Ozbek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wonyoung Choi
- IHI Corporation, Toyosu 3-chome, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8710, Japan
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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32
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Abstract
Materials designed for CO2 capture provide both an opportunity and a challenge in that industrial emissions typically contain an assortment of acid gasses, which may include SOx and NOx alongside CO2. Growing pressure to reduce emissions of all acid gasses, CO2 included, presents an opportunity for simultaneous capture and a challenge in handling the resultant products. Molten alkali metal borates embody a new class of high-temperature liquid-phase materials for carbon dioxide capture and we propose here that they can also be used to address the more general challenge of acid gas capture. We examine the melt capture performance at industrially relevant concentrations and mixtures, identifying the various reaction mechanisms and products, and propose designs for separating these products efficiently at high temperatures, so that they outperform the state-of-the-art CO2 capture technologies in handling this opportunity challenge. We also discuss the conditions to avoid and the challenges that lie ahead for these materials in the context of emission reduction and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Halliday
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Takuya Harada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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34
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Liu Y, Ye HZ, Diederichsen KM, Van Voorhis T, Hatton TA. Electrochemically mediated carbon dioxide separation with quinone chemistry in salt-concentrated aqueous media. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2278. [PMID: 32385274 PMCID: PMC7211026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon capture is essential for mitigating carbon dioxide emissions. Compared to conventional chemical scrubbing, electrochemically mediated carbon capture utilizing redox-active sorbents such as quinones is emerging as a more versatile and economical alternative. However, the practicality of such systems is hindered by the requirement of toxic, flammable organic electrolytes or often costly ionic liquids. Herein, we demonstrate that rationally designed aqueous electrolytes with high salt concentration can effectively resolve the incompatibility between aqueous environments and quinone electrochemistry for carbon capture, eliminating the safety, toxicity, and at least partially the cost concerns in previous studies. Salt-concentrated aqueous media also offer distinct advantages including extended electrochemical window, high carbon dioxide activity, significantly reduced evaporative loss and material dissolution, and importantly, greatly suppressed competing reactions including under simulated flue gas. Correspondingly, we achieve continuous carbon capture-release operations with outstanding capacity, stability, efficiency and electrokinetics, advancing electrochemical carbon separation further towards practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hong-Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kyle M Diederichsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Halliday
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Takuya Harada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Howard J. Herzog
- MIT Energy Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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37
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Rahimi M, Catalini G, Puccini M, Hatton TA. Bench-scale demonstration of CO2 capture with an electrochemically driven proton concentration process. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16832-16843. [PMID: 35496931 PMCID: PMC9053237 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02450c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bench-scale demonstration of CO2 capture from industrial flue gas with an electrochemically driven proton concentration process was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Giulia Catalini
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering
| | - Monica Puccini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering
- University of Pisa
- 561226 Pisa
- Italy
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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38
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Mao X, Brown P, Červinka C, Hazell G, Li H, Ren Y, Chen D, Atkin R, Eastoe J, Grillo I, Padua AAH, Costa Gomes MF, Hatton TA. Self-assembled nanostructures in ionic liquids facilitate charge storage at electrified interfaces. Nat Mater 2019; 18:1350-1357. [PMID: 31406367 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the potential applications of ionic liquids (ILs) in many emerging electrochemical technologies, recent research efforts have been directed at understanding the complex ion ordering in these systems, to uncover novel energy storage mechanisms at IL-electrode interfaces. Here, we discover that surface-active ILs (SAILs), which contain amphiphilic structures inducing self-assembly, exhibit enhanced charge storage performance at electrified surfaces. Unlike conventional non-amphiphilic ILs, for which ion distribution is dominated by Coulombic interactions, SAILs exhibit significant and competing van der Waals interactions owing to the non-polar surfactant tails, leading to unusual interfacial ion distributions. We reveal that, at an intermediate degree of electrode polarization, SAILs display optimum performance, because the low-charge-density alkyl tails are effectively excluded from the electrode surfaces, whereas the formation of non-polar domains along the surface suppresses undesired overscreening effects. This work represents a crucial step towards understanding the unique interfacial behaviour and electrochemical properties of amphiphilic liquid systems showing long-range ordering, and offers insights into the design principles for high-energy-density electrolytes based on spontaneous self-assembly behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Paul Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ctirad Červinka
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon and CNRS, Lyon, France
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gavin Hazell
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Hua Li
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yinying Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rob Atkin
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julian Eastoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Agilio A H Padua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon and CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Margarida F Costa Gomes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon and CNRS, Lyon, France.
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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39
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Ren Y, Mao X, Hatton TA. An Asymmetric Electrochemical System with Complementary Tunability in Hydrophobicity for Selective Separations of Organics. ACS Cent Sci 2019; 5:1396-1406. [PMID: 31482122 PMCID: PMC6716129 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers modified with redox-active moieties or amphiphilic surfactants are promising adsorbent materials for the separation of neutral organic species from water. We develop an asymmetric system combining a polyvinylferrocene-polypyrrole hybrid (PVF-PPy) and an amphiphilic surfactant dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT)-doped polypyrrole (PPy(AOT)) that have complementary hydrophobicity tunability in response to electrochemical modulations. Both materials are hydrophobic in their respective neutral states, exhibiting high affinities toward organics. Upon application of a mild potential to oxidize PVF-PPy and reduce PPy(AOT), these polymers can be simultaneously rendered hydrophilic, thereby driving desorption of organics and regeneration of the materials. The asymmetric system can be used in a cyclic fashion, through repeated electrical shorting of the two electrodes to program the capture of organics from a large volume of feed solution, and application of a potential (above 0.9 V) to stimulate the release of the adsorbed organics into a small volume of desorption solution. The asymmetric configuration has multiple benefits, including suppression of water parasitic reactions, high energetic efficiency, and selectivity for target organic species. Therefore, the electrode system has the potential to reduce the energy consumption in the mitigation of organic contaminants over conventional methods, with the additional ability to recover valuable organic products, opening up new possibilities for addressing the water-energy nexus.
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40
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Su X, Kushima A, Halliday C, Zhou J, Li J, Hatton TA. Electrochemically-mediated selective capture of heavy metal chromium and arsenic oxyanions from water. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4701. [PMID: 30409968 PMCID: PMC6224381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal of highly toxic, ultra-dilute contaminants of concern has been a primary challenge for clean water technologies. Chromium and arsenic are among the most prevalent heavy metal pollutants in urban and agricultural waters, with current separation processes having severe limitations due to lack of molecular selectivity. Here, we report redox-active metallopolymer electrodes for the selective electrochemical removal of chromium and arsenic. An uptake greater than 100 mg Cr/g adsorbent can be achieved electrochemically, with a 99% reversible working capacity, with the bound chromium ions released in the less harmful trivalent form. Furthermore, we study the metallopolymer response during electrochemical modulation by in situ transmission electron microscopy. The underlying mechanisms for molecular selectivity are investigated through electronic structure calculations, indicating a strong charge transfer to the heavy metal oxyanions. Finally, chromium and arsenic are remediated efficiently at concentrations as low as 100 ppb, in the presence of over 200-fold excess competing salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Akihiro Kushima
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, 12760 Pegasus Drive, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Cameron Halliday
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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41
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Winter T, Su X, Hatton TA, Gallei M. Ferrocene-Containing Inverse Opals by Melt-Shear Organization of Core/Shell Particles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201870054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Zhang Y, Bromberg L, Lin Z, Brown P, Van Voorhis T, Hatton TA. Polydiacetylene functionalized with charged termini for device-free colorimetric detection of malathion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 528:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Bromberg L, Su X, Phillips KR, Hatton TA. Magnesium Thiodialkanoates: Dually-Functional Additives to Organic Coatings. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lev Bromberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Katherine R. Phillips
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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44
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Winter T, Su X, Hatton TA, Gallei M. Ferrocene-Containing Inverse Opals by Melt-Shear Organization of Core/Shell Particles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800428. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Winter
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Markus Gallei
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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45
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Gu T, Zheng C, He F, Zhang Y, Khan SA, Hatton TA. Electrically controlled mass transport into microfluidic droplets from nanodroplet carriers with application in controlled nanoparticle flow synthesis. Lab Chip 2018; 18:1330-1340. [PMID: 29619469 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00114f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic droplets have been applied extensively as reaction vessels in a wide variety of chemical and biological applications. Typically, once the droplets are formed in a flow channel, it is a challenge to add new chemicals to the droplets for subsequent reactions in applications involving multiple processing steps. Here, we present a novel and versatile method that employs a high strength alternating electrical field to tunably transfer chemicals into microfluidic droplets using nanodroplets as chemical carriers. We show that the use of both continuous and cyclic burst square wave signals enables extremely sensitive control over the total amount of chemical added and, equally importantly, the rate of addition of the chemical from the nanodroplet carriers to the microfluidic droplets. An a priori theoretical model was developed to model the mass transport process under the convection-controlled scenario and compared with experimental results. We demonstrate an application of this method in the controlled preparation of gold nanoparticles by reducing chloroauric acid pre-loaded in microfluidic droplets with l-ascorbic acid supplied from miniemulsion nanodroplets. Under different field strengths, l-ascorbic acid is supplied in controllable quantities and addition rates, rendering the particle size and size distribution tunable. Finally, this method also enables multistep synthesis by the stepwise supply of miniemulsions containing different chemical species. We highlight this with a first report of a three-step Au-Pd core-shell nanoparticle synthesis under continuous flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghan Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Cao Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Fan He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Saif A Khan
- National University of Singapore, Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 4 E5-02-28, 117576 Singapore.
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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He F, Biesheuvel PM, Bazant MZ, Hatton TA. Theory of water treatment by capacitive deionization with redox active porous electrodes. Water Res 2018; 132:282-291. [PMID: 29331915 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) for water treatment, which relies on the capture of charged species to sustain the electrical double layers (EDLs) established within porous electrodes under an applied electrical potential, can be enhanced by the chemical attachment of fixed charged groups to the porous electrode electrodes (ECDI). It has recently been demonstrated that further improvements in capacity and energy storage can be gained by functionalization of the electrode surfaces with redox polymers in which the charge on the electrodes can be modulated through Faradaic reactions under different cell voltages in a capacitive process that can be called "Faradaic CDI" (FaCDI). Here, we extend recent mathematical models developed for the characterization of CDI and ECDI systems to incorporate the redox mediated contributions by allowing for the variable chemical charges generated by reactions in FaCDI. The lumped model developed here assumes the spacer channel is well-mixed with uniform electrosorption in each electrode. We demonstrate that the salt adsorption performance characterization of the fixed chemical charge ECDI and variable chemical charge FaCDI materials can be unified within a common theoretical framework based on the point of zero charge (PZC) of the electrode material. In the latter case the PZC is determined by the equilibrium potentials of the redox couples immobilized on the porous electrodes. The new model is able to predict the experimentally observed enhanced and inverted performance of CDI cells, and illuminates the benefit of choosing redox active materials for water treatment applications. The deionization performance of FaCDI cells is shown to be superior to that of CDI and ECDI systems with equilibrium adsorption capacities 50-100% higher than attained with CDI systems, and at smaller cell voltages, depending on the redox potentials of the Faradaic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P M Biesheuvel
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Wang Y, Katepalli H, Gu T, Hatton TA, Wang Y. Functionalized Magnetic Silica Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Adsorption of Sm 3+ from a Dilute Aqueous Solution. Langmuir 2018; 34:2674-2684. [PMID: 29400975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Separation of Sm3+ from a dilute solution via conventional solvent extraction is often plagued by emulsion and third phase formation. These problems can be overcome with functionalized magnetic nanoparticles that can capture the target species and be separated from the raffinae phase rapidly and efficiently on application of a magnetic field. Magentic silica nanoparticles (Fe2O3/SiO2) were synthesized by a modified Stöber method and functionalized with carboxylate (Fe2O3/SiO2/RCOONa) and phosphonate (Fe2O3/SiO2/R1R2PO3Na) groups to achieve high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption kinetics. The adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, BET measurements, magnetization property evaluation, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Equilibrium adsorption of Sm3+ on Fe2O3/SiO2/RCOONa particles was attained within 10 min and within 20 min on Fe2O3/SiO2/R1R2PO3Na nanoparticles. The kinetic data were correlated well with a pseudo-second-order model. Adsorption capacities of Fe2O3/SiO2/RCOONa and Fe2O3/SiO2/R1R2PO3Na were 228 and 180 mg/g, respectively. The recovery of the adsorbed Sm3+ using 2 mol/L HCl as desorption agent was evaluated. The adsorption mechanism is discussed based on FTIR analysis, carboxylate group/Sm3+ molar ratio, phosphonate group/Sm3+ molar ratio, and pH. The adsorbents show significant potential for Sm3+ recovery in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hari Katepalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tonghan Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yundong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Gu T, Yeap EWQ, Cao Z, Ng DZL, Ren Y, Chen R, Khan SA, Hatton TA. Droplet-Templated Antisolvent Spherical Crystallization of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Drugs with an in situ Formed Binder. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28961377 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a novel droplet-templated antisolvent spherical crystallization method applicable to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. In both cases, an alginate hydrogel binder forms in situ, concurrently with the crystallization process, effectively binding the drug crystals into monodisperse spheres. This study presents a detailed process description with mass transfer modeling, and with characterization of the obtained alginate/drug spheres in terms of morphology, composition, and drug loading. Although glycine and carbamazepine are used as model hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, this method is easily generalized to other drugs, and offers several benefits such as minimal thermal impact, fast crystallization rates, high drug-binder loading ratios, and high selectivity toward metastable polymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghan Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Eunice W Q Yeap
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4 E5-02-28, 117576, Singapore
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Denise Z L Ng
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4 E5-02-28, 117576, Singapore
| | - Yinying Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Saif A Khan
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4 E5-02-28, 117576, Singapore
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Ranka M, Katepalli H, Blankschtein D, Hatton TA. Schizophrenic Diblock-Copolymer-Functionalized Nanoparticles as Temperature-Responsive Pickering Emulsifiers. Langmuir 2017; 33:13326-13331. [PMID: 29064711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive pickering emulsions have received considerable attention in recent years, and the utilization of temperature as a stimulus has been of particular interest. Previous efforts have led to responsive systems that enable the formation of stable emulsions at room temperature, which can subsequently be triggered to destabilize with an increase in temperature. The development of a thermoresponsive system that exhibits the opposite response, however, i.e., one that can be triggered to form stable emulsions at elevated temperatures and subsequently be induced to phase separate at lower temperatures, has so far been lacking. Here, we describe a system that accomplishes this goal by leveraging a schizophrenic diblock copolymer that exhibits both an upper and a lower critical solution temperature. The diblock copolymer was conjugated to 20 nm silica nanoparticles, which were subsequently demonstrated to stabilize O/W emulsions at 65 °C and trigger phase separation upon cooling to 25 °C. The effects of particle concentration, electrolyte concentration, and polymer architecture were investigated, and facile control of emulsion stability was demonstrated for multiple oil types. Our approach is likely to be broadly adaptable to other schizophrenic diblock copolymers and find significant utility in applications such as enhanced oil recovery and liquid-phase heterogeneous catalysis, where stable emulsions are desired only at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhil Ranka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 25 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hari Katepalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 25 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 25 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 25 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Bromberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paul Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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