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K H. A review on carbon quantum dot/semiconductor-based nanocomposites as hydrogen production photocatalysts. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23404-23422. [PMID: 39055266 PMCID: PMC11270004 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04149f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are discrete, quasi-spherical carbon nanoparticles with sizes below 10 nm. The properties of CQDs can be further enhanced by doping with elements such as nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur, and boron or co-doping with heteroatoms such as nitrogen-phosphorous, nitrogen-sulphur, and nitrogen-boron. These excellent properties of CQDs can be utilized to enhance the photocatalytic performance of semiconductors. Therefore, in this review, we summarize different types of bare CQD-scaffolded semiconductors, both doped and co-doped, used for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Moreover, the detailed photocatalytic mechanism of CQD/semiconductor-based hydrogen production is reviewed. Recent progress in the design and development of CQD-based photocatalysts, along with the challenges involved, is comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hareesh K
- Department of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 India
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2
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Guo Q, Yan C, Huang Z, Liu Y, Cheng D, Lu C, Ran J, Yang Y. g-C 3N 4 nanosheet supported NiCo 2O 4 nanoparticles for boosting degradation of tetracycline under visible light and ultrasonic irradiation. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12957-12966. [PMID: 38898817 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01611d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The doping of semiconductor materials through some facile and appropriate methods holds significant promise in enhancing the catalytic performance of catalysts. Herein, NiCo2O4/g-C3N4 composite catalysts were synthesized via a high-energy ball milling method. The microstructure and physicochemical characterization of the as-prepared composites confirmed the successful loading of NiCo2O4 nanoparticles onto the g-C3N4 nanosheets. The NiCo2O4/g-C3N4 composites showed excellent catalytic effect under visible light/ultrasonic irradiation, and the efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation reached 90% within 15 min. The optical properties of g-C3N4 nanosheets were improved by doping, and the diffusion of active materials and carrier migration rate were improved by ultrasonic assistance. Possible catalytic mechanisms and potential pathways of the NiCo2O4/g-C3N4 composites for the degradation of TCH triggered by visible light/ultrasonic irradiation were proposed. This study provides a new strategy for energy-assisted photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Changwang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Zhenqian Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fiber and Ecological Dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430020, China.
| | - Yujie Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fiber and Ecological Dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430020, China.
| | - Deshan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Chaoyang Lu
- Qianshui (Hubei) Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Tianmen 431700, China
| | - Jianhua Ran
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fiber and Ecological Dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430020, China.
| | - Yingkui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
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3
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Ge M, Yin H, Tian W, Zhang H, Li S, Wang S, Chen Z. Electrostatically induced Furfural-Derived carbon Dots-CdS hybrid for solar Light-Driven hydrogen production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 660:147-156. [PMID: 38241863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) exhibit distinctive optical, electronic, and physicochemical properties, rendering them effective cocatalysts to enhance the photocatalytic performance of light-absorbing materials. The interplay between CDs and substrates is pivotal in manipulating photogenerated charge separation, transfer, and redistribution, significantly influencing overall photocatalytic efficiency. This study introduces a novel electrostatic interaction strategy to interface positively charged CdS nanorods (CdS NRs) with negatively charged furfural-derived CDs. The resulting optimized composite (25-CDs@CdS NRs), showcases photocatalytic hydrogen production at a rate of 1076 μmol g-1h-1. Experimental analyses and theoretical simulations offer insights into the structure-activity relationship, underscoring the crucial role of enhanced electrostatic interaction between CDs and CdS NRs in facilitating efficient charge transfer, activating reaction sites, and improving reaction kinetics. This research establishes an adaptable strategy for integrating CDs with metal-based semiconductors, opening new avenues for developing photocatalytic hybrid assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hanqing Yin
- School of Chemistry and Physics and QUT, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Wenjie Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Huayang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
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4
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Wen J, Zhou L, Tang Q, Xiao X, Sun S. Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by carbon quantum dots functionalized g-C 3N 4: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115133. [PMID: 37327524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has received much attention due to its unique characteristics of stable physicochemical features, facile preparation, and inexpensive cost. However, the bulk g-C3N4 has a weak capacity for pollutant degradation and needs to be modified for real application. Therefore, extensive research has been done on g-C3N4, and the discovery of the novel zero-dimensional nanomaterials known as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) provided it with a unique modification option. In this review, the development for the removal of organic pollutants by g-C3N4/CQDs was discussed. Firstly, the preparation of g-C3N4/CQDs were introduced. Then, the application and the degradation mechanism of g-C3N4/CQDs were briefly described. And the discussion of the influencing factors on g-C3N4/CQDs' ability to degrade organic pollutants came in third. Finally, the conclusions of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by g-C3N4/CQDs and future perspectives followed. This review will strengthen the understanding of the photocatalytic degradation of real organic wastewater by g-C3N4/CQDs, including their preparation, application, mechanism, and influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wen
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Lean Zhou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Xiaozhen Xiao
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Shiquan Sun
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China.
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5
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Guan X, Li Z, Geng X, Lei Z, Karakoti A, Wu T, Kumar P, Yi J, Vinu A. Emerging Trends of Carbon-Based Quantum Dots: Nanoarchitectonics and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207181. [PMID: 36693792 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a fascinating class of advanced materials with a unique combination of optoelectronic, biocompatible, and catalytic characteristics, apt for a plethora of applications ranging from electronic to photoelectrochemical devices. Recent research works have established carbon-based QDs for those frontline applications through improvements in materials design, processing, and device stability. This review broadly presents the recent progress in the synthesis of carbon-based QDs, including carbon QDs, graphene QDs, graphitic carbon nitride QDs and their heterostructures, as well as their salient applications. The synthesis methods of carbon-based QDs are first introduced, followed by an extensive discussion of the dependence of the device performance on the intrinsic properties and nanostructures of carbon-based QDs, aiming to present the general strategies for device designing with optimal performance. Furthermore, diverse applications of carbon-based QDs are presented, with an emphasis on the relationship between band alignment, charge transfer, and performance improvement. Among the applications discussed in this review, much focus is given to photo and electrocatalytic, energy storage and conversion, and bioapplications, which pose a grand challenge for rational materials and device designs. Finally, a summary is presented, and existing challenges and future directions are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Guan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Xun Geng
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Zhihao Lei
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ajay Karakoti
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Sivakumar S, Thangadurai TD, Nataraj D. Role of Interfacial AuNPs in Solid-state Direct Z-scheme MoS2/Au/g-C3N4 Heterojunction Nanocomposite’s Pollutant Degradation activity under sunlight. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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7
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Mohapatra L, Cheon D, Yoo SH. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Catalytic Wastewater Treatment: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041805. [PMID: 36838793 PMCID: PMC9959675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBM) have shown great potential for various environmental applications because of their physical and chemical properties. The unique hybridization properties of CBMs allow for the tailored manipulation of their structures and morphologies. However, owing to poor solar light absorption, and the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, pristine carbon materials typically have unsatisfactory photocatalytic performances and practical applications. The main challenge in this field is the design of economical, environmentally friendly, and effective photocatalysts. Combining carbonaceous materials with carbonaceous semiconductors of different structures results in unique properties in carbon-based catalysts, which offers a promising approach to achieving efficient application. Here, we review the contribution of CBMs with different dimensions, to the catalytic removal of organic pollutants from wastewater by catalyzing the Fenton reaction and photocatalytic processes. This review, therefore, aims to provide an appropriate direction for empowering improvements in ongoing research work, which will boost future applications and contribute to overcoming the existing limitations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lagnamayee Mohapatra
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Cheon
- Department of Applied Plasma & Quantum Beam Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Yoo
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Plasma & Quantum Beam Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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8
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Zhang Y, Yuan J, Ding Y, Zhang B, Zhang S, Liu B. Metal-free N-GQDs/P-g-C3N4 photocatalyst with broad-spectrum response: Enhanced exciton dissociation and charge migration for promoting H2 evolution and tetracycline degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Zhang C, Zhuang Q, Wang H, Ying X, Ji R, Sheng D, Dong W, Xie A. Constructing an acidic microenvironment by sulfonated polymers for photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium under neutral conditions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:235-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Liu R, Tian Y, Ren Z, Ren X, Guo K, Sun H, Shaik F, Jiang B. N-doped vertical graphene arrays/carbon quantum dots derived from vinegar residue as efficient water-splitting catalyst in a wide pH range. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Sivakumar S, Daniel Thangadurai T, Manjubaashini N, Nataraj D. Two-dimensional z-type MoS2/g-C3N4 semiconductor heterojunction nanocomposites for industrial methylene blue dye degradation under daylight. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Wang Q, Hu Y, Zeng D, Tian L, Song J, Cui E, Yuan H, Rongfeng G. Ionic liquid assisted construction of B and P double doped porous g-C3N4 nanosheets with significantly enhanced photocatalytic H2 production. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Yang X, Sun J, Sheng L, Wang Z, Ye Y, Zheng J, Fan M, Zhang Y, Sun X. Carbon dots cooperatively modulating photocatalytic performance and surface charge of O-doped g-C3N4 for efficient water disinfection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 631:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Jiang X, Xiao K, Liu Z, Xu W, Liang F, Mo S, Wu X, Beiyuan J. Novel 0D-1D-2D nanostructured MCN/NCDs recyclable composite for boosted peroxymonosulfate activation under visible light toward tetracycline degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Zhang S, Malik S, Ali N, Khan A, Bilal M, Rasool K. Covalent and Non-covalent Functionalized Nanomaterials for Environmental Restoration. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:44. [PMID: 35951126 PMCID: PMC9372017 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as an extraordinary and rapidly developing discipline of science. It has remolded the fate of the whole world by providing diverse horizons in different fields. Nanomaterials are appealing because of their incredibly small size and large surface area. Apart from the naturally occurring nanomaterials, synthetic nanomaterials are being prepared on large scales with different sizes and properties. Such nanomaterials are being utilized as an innovative and green approach in multiple fields. To expand the applications and enhance the properties of the nanomaterials, their functionalization and engineering are being performed on a massive scale. The functionalization helps to add to the existing useful properties of the nanomaterials, hence broadening the scope of their utilization. A large class of covalent and non-covalent functionalized nanomaterials (FNMs) including carbons, metal oxides, quantum dots, and composites of these materials with other organic or inorganic materials are being synthesized and used for environmental remediation applications including wastewater treatment. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis, reporting techniques, and applications of FNMs in adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of pollutants from wastewater. Future prospects are also examined, along with suggestions for attaining massive benefits in the areas of FNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Sumeet Malik
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ali
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Kashif Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5824, Doha, Qatar.
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Zhuang Q, Chen H, Zhang C, Cheng S, Dong W, Xie A. Rapid chromium reduction by metal-free organic polymer photocatalysis via molecular engineering. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128938. [PMID: 35452994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a highly poisonous heavy metal found in natural environment, to less poisonous trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) has attracted a lot of interest. However, little interest has been paid to the development of metal-free catalysts. Here, we demonstrate for the first time a molecular engineering strategy to synthesize a range of donor-acceptor conjugated polymer photocatalysts, which can significantly increase the reduction efficiency of Cr(VI) by a factor of 5.2, corresponding to a significant change in the reduction reaction rate constant (from 0.0337 to 0.1740 min-1). In addition, the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of Cr(VI) removal was obtained, and the optimized photocatalyst (Py-SO1) could achieve the highest apparent quantum efficiency at wavelength of 420 nm in those samples. Despite the narrow light absorption of Py-SO1 polymer, its excellent exciton separation efficiency and efficient electron output enabled it to achieve excellent performance in photoreduction of Cr(VI), surpassing that of the reported metal-free photocatalysts. The results show that the present work provides a new perspective for designing suitable environmental remediation catalysts based on molecular engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Zhuang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Siyao Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Aming Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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17
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Aziz FFA, Jalil AA, Hassan NS, Fauzi AA, Azami MS, Jusoh NWC, Jusoh R. A review on synergistic coexisting pollutants for efficient photocatalytic reaction in wastewater remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112748. [PMID: 35101397 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the tremendous development of the economy and industry, the pollution of water is becoming more serious due to the excessive chemical wastes that need to remove thru reduction or oxidation reactions. Simultaneous removal of dual pollutants via photocatalytic redox reaction has been tremendously explored in the last five years due to effective decontamination of pollutants compared to a single pollutants system. In a photocatalysis mechanism, the holes in the valence band can remarkably promote the oxidation of a pollutant. At the same time, photoexcited electrons are also consumed for the reduction reaction. The synergistic between the reduction and oxidation inhibits the recombination of electron-hole pairs extending their lifetime. In this review, the binary pollutants that selectively removed via photocatalysis reduction or oxidation are classified according to heavy metal-organic pollutant (HM/OP), heavy metal-heavy metal (HM/HM) and organic-organic pollutants (OP/OP). The intrinsic between the pollutants was explained in three different mechanisms including inhibition of electron-hole recombination, ligand to metal charge transfer and electrostatic attraction. Several strategies for the enhancement of this treatment method which are designation of catalysts, pH of mixed pollutants and addition of additive were discussed. This review offers a recent perspective on the development of photocatalysis system for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F A Aziz
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A A Jalil
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - N S Hassan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A A Fauzi
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M S Azami
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - N W C Jusoh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Jusoh
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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18
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Liu W, Wang Y, Qi K, Wen F, Wang J. Broad Spectral Response Z-Scheme Three-Dimensional Ordered Macroporous Carbon Quantum Dots/TiO 2/g-C 3N 4 Composite for Boosting Photocatalysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4839-4847. [PMID: 35420818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation technology is one of the effective protocols to solve environmental problems. TiO2 has always been favored for its photostability and low cost. However, the insufficient photocatalytic activity of TiO2 limits its application due to the severe recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes and a narrow light response range. Therefore, 3DTCN, a TiO2/g-C3N4 composite with a three-dimensional ordered macroporous structure was prepared by a colloidal crystal template technique to form a heterojunction for inhibiting the photogenerated electron-hole recombination. On 3DTCN, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were loaded by impregnation to obtain x % CQDs/3DTCN with a broad spectral response to light. The physical and chemical properties of samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution-TEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated via degrading the rhodamine B (RhB) dye, and the degradation efficiency of 1% CQDs/3DTCN (98%) was found to be much higher than that of 3DTCN (42%) in 80 min under simulated sunlight irradiation. Furthermore, it also possessed excellent durability. Meanwhile, the sample also showed an outstanding photoelectric property. Finally, the proposed mechanism of the composites had been mainly analyzed by density functional theory calculations. This work thus provides an idea to form a 3D structure heterojunction and further improve the photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Kai Qi
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Fushan Wen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jiqian Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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Zhang X, Yi G, Li P, Zheng X, Shen X, Ning K, Chen L, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Sun Q. Construction of nitrogen vacant g-C 3N 4 nanosheet supported Ag 3PO 4 nanoparticle Z-scheme photocatalyst for improved visible-light photocatalytic activity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:23094-23103. [PMID: 34796441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The superior photocatalytic activity of semiconductor-based photocatalytic materials has attracted great attention. In this work, a series of novel Ag3PO4/g-C3N4-x (APO/CNx) composites with the Z-scheme structure were fabricated through a facile precipitation method. B naphthol, a typical phenolic compound, was selected to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of all as-prepared photocatalysts. The obtained APO/CNx composites exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of B naphthol under visible-light irradiation. Experimental results showed that the degradation rate toward B naphthol could reach to 90.5% for 180 min, which was almost 3.66 times higher than pure g-C3N4, indicating that the presence of nitrogen vacancies and Z-scheme structure could efficiently improve the photocatalytic performance of pure g-C3N4. Furthermore, the results of trapping experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy manifest that •O2- and •OH radicals were the predominant active substances for B naphthol degradation, and the possible mechanism of improved photocatalytic performance was elucidated. This work will provide an innovative perspective for constructing Z-scheme photocatalysts for the application of photocatalytic in the field of wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety of Henan Province, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Guiyun Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety of Henan Province, Jiaozuo, 454003, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo, 454003, China.
- State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo, 454003, China.
| | - Peng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety of Henan Province, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Xuhang Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Kunlei Ning
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Lunjian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety of Henan Province, Jiaozuo, 454003, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo, 454003, China.
| | - Chuanxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety of Henan Province, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety of Henan Province, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety of Henan Province, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
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20
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Lu C, Chen X. Nanostructure Engineering of Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Electrochemical Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18777-18793. [PMID: 34723464 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride with ordered two-dimensional structure displays multiple properties, including tunable structure, suitable bandgap, high stability, and facile synthesis. Many achievements on this material have been made in photocatalysis, but the advantages have not yet been fully explored in electrochemical fields. The bulk structure with low conductivity impedes charge-transfer kinetics during electrochemical processes. Excessive nitrogen content leads to insufficient charge transfer, while bulk structures produce tortuous channels for mass transport. Some attempts have been made to address these issues by nanostructure engineering, such as ultrathin structure design, heterogeneous composition, defect engineering, and morphology control. These structure-engineered nanomaterials have been successfully applied in electrochemical fields, including ionic actuators, flexible supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and electrochemical sensors. Herein, a timely review on the latest advances in graphitic carbon nitride through various engineering strategies for electrochemical applications has been summarized. A perspective on critical challenges and future research directions is highlighted for graphitic carbon nitride in electrochemistry on the basis of existing research works and our experimental experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Ai L, Shi R, Yang J, Zhang K, Zhang T, Lu S. Efficient Combination of G-C 3 N 4 and CDs for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance: A Review of Synthesis, Strategies, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007523. [PMID: 33683817 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, heterogeneous photocatalysts have achieved much interest on account of their great potential applications in resolving many tough energy and environmental troubles around the world through an ecologically sustainable way. Heterogeneous nanocomposites composed of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) and carbon dots (CDs) possess broad spectrum absorption, appropriate electronic band structures, rapid carrier mobility, abundant reserves, excellent chemical stability, and facile synthesis methods, which make them promising composite photocatalysts for suitable applications such as photocatalytic solar fuels production and contaminant decomposition. With the rapid development in photocatalysis by hybridization of g-C3 N4 and CDs, a systematic summary and prospection of performance improvement are urgent and meaningful. This review first focuses on various kinds of effectively synthetic methods of composites. Following, the strategies available for enhanced performance, including morphology optimization, spectral absorption improvement, ternary or quaternary composition hybrid, lateral or vertical heterostructures construction, heteroatom doping, and so forth, are fully discussed. Then, the applications mainly in efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation, photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, and organic pollutants degradation are systematically demonstrated. Finally, the remaining issues and prospect of further development are proposed as some kind of guidance for powerful combination of g-C3 N4 and CDs with high efficiency to photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ai
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Run Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kan Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Material and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Tierui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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22
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Yu X, Ng SF, Putri LK, Tan LL, Mohamed AR, Ong WJ. Point-Defect Engineering: Leveraging Imperfections in Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) Photocatalysts toward Artificial Photosynthesis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006851. [PMID: 33909946 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) is a kind of ideal metal-free photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis. At present, pristine g-C3 N4 suffers from small specific surface area, poor light absorption at longer wavelengths, low charge migration rate, and a high recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which significantly limit its performance. Among a myriad of modification strategies, point-defect engineering, namely tunable vacancies and dopant introduction, is capable of harnessing the superb structural, textural, optical, and electronic properties of g-C3 N4 to acquire an ameliorated photocatalytic activity. In view of the burgeoning development in this pacey field, a timely review on the state-of-the-art advancement of point-defect engineering of g-C3 N4 is of vital significance to advance the solar energy conversion. Particularly, insights into the intriguing roles of point defects, the synthesis, characterizations, and the systematic control of point defects, as well as the versatile application of defective g-C3 N4 -based nanomaterials toward photocatalytic water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction and nitrogen fixation will be presented in detail. Lastly, this review will conclude with a balanced perspective on the technical and scientific hindrances and future prospects. Overall, it is envisioned that this review will open a new frontier to uncover novel functionalities of defective g-C3 N4 -based nanostructures in energy catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Yu
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Faye Ng
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Lutfi Kurnianditia Putri
- Low Carbon Economy (LCE) Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau, Pinang, 14300, Malaysia
| | - Lling-Lling Tan
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Mohamed
- Low Carbon Economy (LCE) Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau, Pinang, 14300, Malaysia
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Wang J, Sun Y, Lai J, Pan R, Fan Y, Wu X, Ou M, Zhu Y, Fu L, Shi F, Wu Y. Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride/N-doped carbon with a direct Z-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic generation of hydrogen. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6580-6586. [PMID: 36132663 PMCID: PMC9419065 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00629k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysts with a direct Z-scheme heterojunction are promising by virtue of the effectively enhanced separation of charge carriers, high retention of redox ability and the absence of backward photocatalytic reactions. Their activity depends on band alignment and interfacial configurations between two semiconductors for charge carrier kinetics and the effective active sites for photochemical reactions. Herein, a two-dimensional (2D) graphitic carbon nitride/N-doped carbon (C3N4/NC) photocatalyst is synthesized by a gas template (NH4Cl)-assisted thermal condensation method. C3N4/NC has the synthetic merits of a direct Z-scheme heterojunction, 2D-2D interfacial contact, and enhanced specific surface area to improve charge separation kinetics and provide abundant active sites for photochemical reaction. It exhibits an over 46-fold increase of the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate compared to bulk C3N4 under visible light illumination. This work demonstrates the great potential of 2D Z-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalysis and will inspire more related work in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 China
| | - Youcai Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 China
| | - Jianwei Lai
- John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Runhui Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 China
| | - Yulei Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 China
| | - Xiongwei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China
| | - Man Ou
- College of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 China
| | - Yusong Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 China
| | - Lijun Fu
- College of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 China
| | - Feifei Shi
- John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Yuping Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 China
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Zheng X, Zhu Q, Peng H, Quan Y, Wen J. Efficient solar-light induced photocatalytic capacity of Mg-Al LDO coupled with N-defected g-C3N4. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Preparation, Characterization of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Photo-Catalytic Nanocomposites and Their Application in Wastewater Remediation: A Review. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11070723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Energy crisis and environmental pollution are the major problems of human survival and development. Photocatalytic technology can effectively use solar energy and is prospective to solve the above-mentioned problems. Carbon nitride is a two-dimensional polymer material with a graphite-like structure. It has good physical and chemical stabilities, unique chemical and electronic energy band structures, and is widely used in the field of photocatalysis. Graphitic carbon nitride has a conjugated large π bond structure, which is easier to be modified with other compounds. thereby the surface area and visible light absorption range of carbon nitride-based photocatalytic composites can be insignificantly increased, and interface electron transmission and corresponding photogenerated carriers separation of streams are simultaneously promoted. Therefore, the present study systematically introduced the basic catalytic principles, preparation and modification methods, characterization and calculation simulation of carbon nitride-based photocatalytic composite materials, and their application in wastewater treatment. We also summarized their application in wastewater treatment with the aid of artificial intelligence tools. This review summarized the frontier technology and future development prospects of graphite phase carbon nitride photocatalytic composites, which provide a theoretical reference for wastewater purification.
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26
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Zhang M, Qin L, Feng X, Kang SZ, Li X. Facile construction of carbon nitride/cobalt ion/eosin Y nanohybrids for enhanced interaction and photocatalytic hydrogen production. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Li D, Zhou C, Liang X, Shi X, Song Q, Chen M, Jiang D. Noble-metal-free Mo2C co-catalsyt modified perovskite oxide nanosheet photocatalysts with enhanced hydrogen evolution performance. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Alhokbany NS, Mousa R, Naushad M, Alshehri SM, Ahamad T. Fabrication of Z-scheme photocatalysts g-C3N4/Ag3PO4/chitosan for the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3864-3872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Masunga N, Mamba BB, Kefeni KK. Trace samarium doped graphitic carbon nitride photocatalytic activity toward metanil yellow dye degradation under visible light irradiation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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30
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Doping of Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Non-Metal Elements and Its Applications in Photocatalysis. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review outlines the latest research into the design of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with non-metal elements. The emphasis is put on modulation of composition and morphology of g-C3N4 doped with oxygen, sulfur, phosphor, nitrogen, carbon as well as nitrogen and carbon vacancies. Typically, the various methods of non-metal elements introducing in g-C3N4 have been explored to simultaneously tune the textural and electronic properties of g-C3N4 for improving its response to the entire visible light range, facilitating a charge separation, and prolonging a charge carrier lifetime. The application fields of such doped graphitic carbon nitride are summarized into three categories: CO2 reduction, H2-evolution, and organic contaminants degradation. This review shows some main directions and affords to design the g-C3N4 doping with non-metal elements for real photocatalytic applications.
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31
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Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and NO photo-oxidation capacity of ZnO/g-C3N4 with N dopant. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Yu X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Luo H, Tang X. Fabrication of corncob-derived biomass charcoal decorated g-C3N4photocatalysts for removing 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04057f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Insights into active sites and charge transport behavior are challenging topics for fabricating composite photocatalysts and investigating their photocatalytic degradation reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuna Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jilin Jianzhu University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- Jilin Polytechnic of Water Resources and Electric Engineering
| | - Zhixiang Liu
- School of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering
- Guangxi University of Science and Technology
- Liuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yemei Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Luo
- Jilin Polytechnic of Water Resources and Electric Engineering
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xu Tang
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
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