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Das U, Kapoor DU, Singh S, Prajapati BG. Unveiling the potential of chitosan-coated lipid nanoparticles in drug delivery for management of critical illness: a review. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 79:107-124. [PMID: 38721838 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan (CT), a natural, cationic, chemically stable molecule, biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic, polysaccharide derived from the deacetylation of chitin, has very uniquely surfaced as a material of promise for drug delivery and biomedical applications. For the oral, ocular, cutaneous, pulmonary, and nose-to-brain routes, CT-coated nanoparticles (CTCNPs) have numerous advantages, consisting of improved controlled drug release, physicochemical stability, improved cell and tissue interactions, and increased bioavailability and efficacy of the active ingredient. CTCNPs have a broad range of therapeutic properties including anticancer, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial properties, treating neurological disorders, and other diseases. This has led to substantial research into the many potential uses of CT as a drug delivery vehicle. CT has also been employed in a wide range of biomedical processes, including bone and cartilage tissue regeneration, ocular tissue regeneration, periodontal tissue regeneration, heart tissue regeneration, and wound healing. Additionally, CT has been used in cosmeceutical, bioimaging, immunization, and gene transfer applications. CT exhibits a number of biological activities, which are the basis for its remarkable potential for use as a drug delivery vehicle, and these activities are covered in detail in this article. The alterations applied to CT to obtain the necessary properties have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushasi Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 30167 Jadavpur University , Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Devesh U Kapoor
- 78467 Dr. Dayaram Patel Pharmacy College , Bardoli 394601, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Office of Research Administration, 26682 Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 26682 Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 79233 Ganpat University , Kherva, Gujarat 384012, India
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Gholap AD, Kapare HS, Pagar S, Kamandar P, Bhowmik D, Vishwakarma N, Raikwar S, Garkal A, Mehta TA, Rojekar S, Hatvate N, Mohanto S. Exploring modified chitosan-based gene delivery technologies for therapeutic advancements. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129581. [PMID: 38266848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
One of the critical steps in gene therapy is the successful delivery of the genes. Immunogenicity and toxicity are major issues for viral gene delivery systems. Thus, non-viral vectors are explored. A cationic polysaccharide like chitosan could be used as a nonviral gene delivery vector owing to its significant interaction with negatively charged nucleic acid and biomembrane, providing effective cellular uptake. However, the native chitosan has issues of targetability, unpacking ability, and solubility along with poor buffer capability, hence requiring modifications for effective use in gene delivery. Modified chitosan has shown that the "proton sponge effect" involved in buffering the endosomal pH results in osmotic swelling owing to the accumulation of a greater amount of proton and chloride along with water. The major challenges include limited exploration of chitosan as a gene carrier, the availability of high-purity chitosan for toxicity reduction, and its immunogenicity. The genetic drugs are in their infancy phase and require further exploration for effective delivery of nucleic acid molecules as FDA-approved marketed formulations soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harshad S Kapare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sakshi Pagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Pallavi Kamandar
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, India
| | - Deblina Bhowmik
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, India
| | - Nikhar Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmacy, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Sciences, Jabalpur 482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sarjana Raikwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Tejal A Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Navnath Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, India.
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018, India
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Hatamiazar M, Mohammadnejad J, Khaleghi S. Chitosan-Albumin Nanocomposite as a Promising Nanocarrier for Efficient Delivery of Fluconazole Against Vaginal Candidiasis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:701-716. [PMID: 37178249 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the high incidence of fungal infections among females has resulted in outstanding problems. Candida species is related with multidrug resistance and destitute clinical consequences. Chitosan-albumin derivatives with more stability exhibit innate antifungal and antibacterial effects that boost the activity of the drug without inflammatory impact. The stability and sustained release of Fluconazole in mucosal tissues can be ensured by encapsulating in protein/polysaccharide nanocomposites. Thus, we developed chitosan-albumin nanocomposite (CS-A) loaded with Fluconazole (Flu) antifungals against vaginal candidiasis. Various ratios of CS/Flu (1:1, 1:2, 2:1) were prepared. Thereafter, the CS-A-Flu nanocomposites were qualified and quantified using FT-IR, DLS, TEM, and SEM analytical devices, and the size range from 60 to 100 nm in diameter was attained for the synthesized nanocarriers. Afterward, the antifungal activity, biofilm reduction potency, and cell viability assay were performed for biomedical evaluation of formulations. The minimum inhibitory concentration) and minimum fungicidal concentration on Candida albicans were attained at 125 ng/μL and 150 ng/μL after treatment with a 1:2 (CS/Flu) ratio of CS-A-Flu. The biofilm reduction assay indicated that biofilm formation was between 0.05 and 0.1% for CS-A-Flu at all ratios. The MTT assay also exhibited excellent biocompatibility for samples, about 7 to 14% toxicity on human HGF normal cells. These data have indicated that CS-A-Flu would be a promising candidate against Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morvarid Hatamiazar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1916893813, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadnejad
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khaleghi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1916893813, Iran.
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Novo DC, Edgar KJ. Smart fluorescent polysaccharides: Recent developments and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121471. [PMID: 37985079 PMCID: PMC10661488 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are ubiquitous, generally benign in nature, and compatible with many tissues in biomedical situations, making them appealing candidates for new materials such as therapeutic agents and sensors. Fluorescent labeling can create the ability to sensitively monitor distribution and transport of polysaccharide-based materials, which can for example further illuminate drug-delivery mechanisms and therefore improve design of delivery systems. Herein, we review fluorophore selection and ways of appending polysaccharides, utility of the product fluorescent polysaccharides as new smart materials, and their stimulus-responsive nature, with focus on their biomedical applications as environment-sensitive biosensors, imaging, and as molecular rulers. Further, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, and future prospects for creation and use of these self-reporting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Novo
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; GlycoMIP, National Science Foundation Materials Innovation Platform, United States.
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Gholap AD, Gupta J, Kamandar P, Bhowmik DD, Rojekar S, Faiyazuddin M, Hatvate NT, Mohanto S, Ahmed MG, Subramaniyan V, Kumarasamy V. Harnessing Nanovaccines for Effective Immunization─A Special Concern on COVID-19: Facts, Fidelity, and Future Prospective. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:271-297. [PMID: 38096426 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative pathway in vaccine research and delivery. Nanovaccines, encompassing lipid and nonlipid formulations, exhibit considerable advantages over traditional vaccine techniques, including enhanced antigen stability, heightened immunogenicity, targeted distribution, and the potential for codelivery with adjuvants or immune modulators. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements and applications of lipid and non-lipid-based nanovaccines in current vaccination strategies for immunization. The review commences by outlining the fundamental concepts underlying lipid and nonlipid nanovaccine design before delving into the diverse components and production processes employed in their development. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of various nanocarriers is presented, elucidating their distinct physicochemical characteristics and impact on the immune response, along with preclinical and clinical studies. The discussion also highlights how nanotechnology enables the possibility of personalized and combined vaccination techniques, facilitating the creation of tailored nanovaccines to meet the individual patient needs. The ethical aspects concerning the use of nanovaccines, as well as potential safety concerns and public perception, are also addressed. The study underscores the gaps and challenges that must be overcome before adopting nanovaccines in clinical practice. This comprehensive analysis offers vital new insights into lipid and nonlipid nanovaccine status. It emphasizes the significance of continuous research, collaboration among interdisciplinary experts, and regulatory measures to fully unlock the potential of nanotechnology in enhancing immunization and ensuring a healthier, more resilient society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Juhi Gupta
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pallavi Kamandar
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deblina D Bhowmik
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Md Faiyazuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Al-Karim University, Katihar 854106, Bihar, India
| | - Navnath T Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kafali M, Şahinoğlu OB, Tufan Y, Orsel ZC, Aygun E, Alyuz B, Saritas EU, Erdem EY, Ercan B. Antibacterial properties and osteoblast interactions of microfluidically synthesized chitosan - SPION composite nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1662-1677. [PMID: 37232403 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a multi-step microfluidic reactor was used to fabricate chitosan - superparamagnetic iron oxide composite nanoparticles (Ch - SPIONs), where composite formation using chitosan was aimed to provide antibacterial property and nanoparticle stability for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Monodispersed Ch - SPIONs had an average particle size of 8.8 ± 1.2 nm with a magnetization value of 32.0 emu/g. Ch - SPIONs could be used as an MRI contrast agent by shortening T2 relaxation parameter of the surrounding environment, as measured on a 3 T MRI scanner. In addition, Ch - SPIONs with concentrations less than 1 g/L promoted bone cell (osteoblast) viability up to 7 days of culture in vitro in the presence of 0.4 T external static magnetic field. These nanoparticles were also tested against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), which are dangerous pathogens that cause infection in tissues and biomedical devices. Upon interaction of Ch - SPIONs with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa at 0.01 g/L concentration, nearly a 2-fold reduction in the number of colonies was observed for both bacteria strains at 48 h of culture. Results cumulatively showed that Ch - SPIONs were potential candidates as a cytocompatible and antibacterial agent that can be targeted to biofilm and imaged using an MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Kafali
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Berkay Şahinoğlu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yiğithan Tufan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z Cemre Orsel
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Aygun
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beril Alyuz
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Ulku Saritas
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Yegan Erdem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Batur Ercan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Sangnim T, Dheer D, Jangra N, Huanbutta K, Puri V, Sharma A. Chitosan in Oral Drug Delivery Formulations: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2361. [PMID: 37765329 PMCID: PMC10538129 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoformulations have become increasingly useful as drug delivery technologies in recent decades. As therapeutics, oral administration is the most common delivery method, although it is not always the most effective route because of challenges with swallowing, gastrointestinal discomfort, low solubility, and poor absorption. One of the most significant barriers that medications must overcome to exert a therapeutic effect is the impact of the first hepatic transit. Studies have shown that controlled-release systems using nanoparticles composed of biodegradable natural polymers significantly improve oral administration, which is why these materials have attracted significant attention. Chitosan possesses a wide variety of properties and functions in the pharmaceutical as well as healthcare industries. Drug encapsulation and transport within the body are two of its most important features. Moreover, chitosan can enhance drug efficacy by facilitating drug interaction with target cells. Based on its physicochemical properties, chitosan can potentially be synthesized into nanoparticles, and this review summarizes recent advances and applications of orally delivered chitosan nanoparticle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand;
| | - Divya Dheer
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India; (D.D.)
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin Jangra
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India; (D.D.)
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - Vivek Puri
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India; (D.D.)
| | - Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India; (D.D.)
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Multiple Roles of Chitosan in Mucosal Drug Delivery: An Updated Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050335. [PMID: 35621986 PMCID: PMC9146108 DOI: 10.3390/md20050335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a linear polysaccharide obtained by the deacetylation of chitin, which, after cellulose, is the second biopolymer most abundant in nature, being the primary component of the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects. Since joining the pharmaceutical field, in the early 1990s, CS attracted great interest, which has constantly increased over the years, due to its several beneficial and favorable features, including large availability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, simplicity of chemical modifications, mucoadhesion and permeation enhancer power, joined to its capability of forming films, hydrogels and micro- and nanoparticles. Moreover, its cationic character, which renders it unique among biodegradable polymers, is responsible for the ability of CS to strongly interact with different types of molecules and for its intrinsic antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and hemostatic activities. However, its pH-dependent solubility and susceptibility to ions presence may represent serious drawbacks and require suitable strategies to be overcome. Presently, CS and its derivatives are widely investigated for a great variety of pharmaceutical applications, particularly in drug delivery. Among the alternative routes to overcome the problems related to the classic oral drug administration, the mucosal route is becoming the favorite non-invasive delivery pathway. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the applications of CS and its derivatives in novel formulations intended for different methods of mucosal drug delivery.
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Allafchian A, Fathi M, Jalali SAH. Design of polysaccharidic Aloe veragel incorporated PVA/tetracycline electrospun cell culture scaffolds for biomedical applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:295101. [PMID: 35313292 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac5f97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hybrid nanofibrous 3D scaffolds containingAloe vera(AV), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) are fabricated by electrospinning for cell culture applications. The role of polysaccharides present in AV gel is found to enhance the biocompatibility of the nanofibrous scaffolds. Different combinations of the polymers were selected to produce homogenous nanofibers with favorable mean fiber diameter and tensile strength. The surface morphology of the products was studied by SEM and it is found that the mean fiber diameter is decreased to about 188 nm upon addition of the AV component. The electrospun scaffolds were investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy to reveal the chemical structure of the samples and their crystallinity was studied by XRD. The hydrophilicity of the scaffolds was tested by optical contact angle measurements and their mechanical strength was examined by tensile strength tests. It is found that PVA is the main component contributing the mechanical stability of the scaffold structure. The fabricated scaffolds presented a more pronounced inhibitory effect against Gram-positive bacterial strains ofS. aureusandB. cereus. Cell culture experiments using fibroblast L929 murine cells reveals that the AV/PVA/TCH scaffolds are promising for cell growth and the cells are capable of achieving a proper cell adhesion and proliferation. The cell viability experiment by MTT assay exhibits the contributing role of AV gel to L929 cell viability on the AV/PVA/TCH scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Allafchian
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fathi
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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Freitas A, Vieira I. Detection of carbendazim in natural waters using a sensor based on magnetite nanoparticles modified with ascorbic acid/β‐cyclodextrin. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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