1
|
Taddeo F, Vitiello R, Ruocco M, Turco R, Russo V, Tesser R, Di Serio M. Synthesis of new defoamer agents and characterization of cementitious formulations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33164. [PMID: 39021906 PMCID: PMC11253052 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The production of cementitious formulations involves the addition of chemical additives essential for the optimization of many properties. Superplasticizers are considered additives of great interest but when mixed with concrete they lead to an undesirable increase of air content, with the consequent development of foam. This can adversely affect both mechanical properties and workability, therefore, the use of an antifoam agent is also necessary which should be able to prevent or destroy the foam. This work aims to synthesize esters derived from the reaction of glycine betaine with saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols of different chain lengths. The reaction products were analyzed by 1H NMR analysis, and the stability of antifoam agents in a superplasticizer solution was studied through foaming tests according to the Ross-Miles method. At the same time, their effectiveness in the cementitious systems was evaluated through flow Table tests. Finally, the effectiveness of the antifoam agents was quantified through an image analysis software, Image J, which allowed the investigation of the contents of the bubble in concrete samples. All synthesized antifoams showed properties superior to the commercial product, especially defoamers containing saturated fatty alcohols. It has been found that alcohols with too small or too long carbon chains were not effective. In particular, it was verified the optimal range of carbon atoms number contained in the antifoam chain which included between 12 and 14.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Taddeo
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Vitiello
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Ruocco
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Turco
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Tesser
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Reattività Chimiche e la Catalisi, CIRCC, Italy
| | - Martino Di Serio
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeng M, Xing Y, Xie Y, Xu D, Miao X, Guo J. Defoaming and Toughening Effects of Highly Dispersed Graphene Oxide Modified by Amphoteric Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on Oil Well Cement. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2523. [PMID: 38893787 PMCID: PMC11174023 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The aggregation of graphene oxide (GO) during the hydration process limits its wide application. Polymer superplasticizers have been used to improve the dispersion state of GO due to their adsorption and site-blocking effects, though the formation of a large amount of foam during the mixing process weakens the mechanical properties of cement. A highly dispersed amphoteric polycarboxylate superplasticizer-stabilized graphene oxide (APC/GO) toughening agent was prepared by electrostatic self-assembly. Results demonstrate that the APC/GO composite dispersed well in a cement pore solution due to the steric effect offered by the APC. Additionally, the well-dispersed GO acted as an antifoaming agent in the cement since GO nanosheets can be absorbed at the air-liquid interface of APC foam via electrostatic interactions and eliminate the air-entraining effect. The well-dispersed APC/GO sheets promoted cement hydration and further refined its pore structure owing to the nucleation effect. The flexural and compressive strength of the cement containing the APC/GO composite were enhanced by 21.51% and 18.58%, respectively, after a 7-day hydration process compared with a blank sample. The improved hydration degree, highly polymerized C-S-H gel, and refined pore structure provided enhanced mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zeng
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China; (M.Z.); (D.X.)
| | - Yubing Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.X.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yongxu Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.X.); (Y.X.)
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University (Shaoxing), Shaoxing 312300, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China; (M.Z.); (D.X.)
| | - Xia Miao
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China; (M.Z.); (D.X.)
| | - Jintang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.X.); (Y.X.)
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University (Shaoxing), Shaoxing 312300, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu Y, Huang M, Zhou Q, Wang B, Wei W, Chen J. On recycling earth pressure balance shield muck with residual foaming agent: defoaming and antifoaming investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8046-8060. [PMID: 38175516 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Earth pressure balance (EPB) shield is increasingly employed in metro tunnel construction, and causes a series of environmental, safety, and resource waste problems due to the disposal of a considerable amount of muck. In situ recycling of EPB shield muck is an effective solution, whereas the foam is generated by residual foaming agents used as the muck conditioning material during tunnelling, which often adsorbs clay particles and overflows the flocculation tank. To achieve defoaming and antifoaming during the reuse of muck, this study prepared novel eco-friendly silicone oil-polyether defoamers by condensation, compounding, and shear emulsification. Defoaming and antifoaming performances of different defoamers were tested using a modified Ross-Miles method and a scale model of field flocculation systems. The results indicated that a high efficiency in defoam and antifoam was characterized by chemical grafting of nano-SiO2 from silicone oils, uniform distribution and large size of grains, low viscosity, and surface tension. The defoamer dosage of 0.002-0.004 wt% near critical micelle concentration (CMC) for each defoamer is reasonable. Overall, the prepared hydroxyl silicone oil-glycerol polyoxypropylene ether (H-G) defoamer compared with other silicone oil-polyether defoamers and commercial defoamers presents the highest defoaming and antifoaming efficiency. Considering the effects of EPB shield muck, the H-G defoamer is least affected by the compound materials and increasing concentration of the commercial foaming agent. Nevertheless, the stability of the H-G emulsion system is weaker than that of the dimethyl silicone oil-glycerol polyoxypropylene ether (D-G) emulsion system after 1 month of sealed storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bingnan Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- China Railway 18Th Bureau Group First Engineering Co, Ltd, Baoding, China
| | - Jian Chen
- China Railway 18Th Bureau Group First Engineering Co, Ltd, Baoding, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ju Y, Hua J, Gu Y, Chen H. Construction of high-branched derivatives based on melamine for highly effective defoaming and antifoaming. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:2075-2086. [PMID: 37423855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Foams can be seen everywhere in human production and life. An uncontrolled foam event usually leads to product losses, equipment damage, and clean-up costs. Defoamer is one of the most effective strategies to eliminate or inhibit foam activities, which has been proved by long-term practices. In this work, we report new molecular defoamers with high-branched structure, which adopts melamine molecule as the parent structure, by incorporating alkyl-isocyanates with different chain lengths into the high-branched melamine derivatives (Hb-MDs) formula to replace the R - NH2 (primary ammonia) on melamine structure. The substitution reaction processes can be readily tuned by varying the molar ratio or alkyl chain length of alkyl-isocyanate, enabling a facile control over the branched degree. The foam tests reveal that the high-branched melamine molecule defoamers exhibited excellent defoaming and anti-foaming properties for four typical foam systems, including an anionic SDBS, cationic DTAB, non-ionic AEO-9, and white cat (BM) detergent, with efficiency close to that of silicone-type LN1414 defoamer and far superior to that of high-carbon alcohol XS-02 defoamer, at the same addition level. Notably, the defoaming or anti-foaming performances of the high-branched melamine molecule defoamers were not always monotonically increased with the branched degree or hydrophobic chain length, but a suitable range needed to be maintained to support a good balance of defoamer structure with foam liquid films. Therefore, it is anticipated that this high-branched design principle could open a new avenue for the construction of molecular defoamers for complex industrial problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggan Ju
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jingxian Hua
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yawei Gu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hongling Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ju Y, Hua J, Niu H, Chen H. Multibranched Molecule Defoamers Based on Methyl Gallate for Highly Effective Defoaming and Antifoaming. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12497-12509. [PMID: 37615634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Bubbles or foams appear in many industrial processes, bringing inconvenience; yet, efficient capture or removal of them is still challenging. In this study, we report the synthesis and properties of multibranched molecule defoamers based on methyl gallate derivatives (Mb-GDs), which adopt methyl gallate (M-G) as the parent structure, by incorporating alkyl groups from alkyl isocyanates (A-I) with different chain lengths (C12 and C18) to replace R-OH in the M-G structure and further by linking two Mb-GDs into one Gemini-type multibranched derivative (Gt-Mb-GD) by transesterification to construct a defoamer material with a larger spatial volume. The surface properties and interfacial activity of molecular defoamers in aqueous solutions were studied, and the structure-property relationships of the multibranched gallate molecule defoamers based on Mb-GDs and Gt-Mb-GDs were further investigated by comparing the defoaming and antifoaming performance in four typical surfactant foams and foaming solutions with two kinds of commercial defoamers. The foam experiments indicated that the defoamers with a longer branched chain length (C18) showed more effectiveness in defoaming and antifoaming for four surfactant foams or foaming solutions, even at very low dosages, which were far stronger than the commercial high-carbon alcohol defoamer with a linear structure and comparable to branched silicone-based emulsion-type defoamers. Compared with Mb-GD defoamers, Gt-Mb-GD defoamers with a larger branched structure showed a higher defoaming performance. The study found the great potential of materials with multibranched structures for practical applications as the core components of high-performance defoamers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggan Ju
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jingxian Hua
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hong Niu
- Lanzhou Auxiliary Agent Plant Co. Ltd, Lanzhou New District, 730087 Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Hongling Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shan G, Qiao M, Chen J, Gao N, Shen F, Ran Q. Novel Slow-Release Defoamers for Concrete Using Porous Nanoparticles as Carriers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7993. [PMID: 36431479 PMCID: PMC9698399 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Excess large and unstable air bubbles can reduce the compressive strength of hardened concrete, and traditional defoamers always fail because of adsorption and encapsulation on cement with the progress of cement hydration in later stages. It is necessary to develop a novel defoamer that shows a sustained defoaming ability in fresh concrete. A novel slow-release defoamer for concrete using porous nanoparticles as carriers is reported for the first time. The porous nanoparticles/polyether defoamer composite (SiO2-Def) was prepared via sol-gel method. SiO2-Def is a spherical composite nanoparticle with a size range of 160-200 nm and a uniform pore size distribution. SiO2-Def shows a high load rate of about 16.4% and an excellent release under an alkali and salt environment. It has a weak initial defoaming ability but shows a sustained defoaming ability with time, so that it can avoid the failures of defoamers and eliminate harmful bubbles entrained during the processes of pumping and transportation. Moreover, SiO2-Def produced a higher compressive strength of the hardened cement mortars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangcheng Shan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
| | - Min Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
- Bote New Materials Taizhou Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225474, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
- Bote New Materials Taizhou Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225474, China
| | - Nanxiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
| | - Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
| | - Qianping Ran
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Construction Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qiao M, Wu J, Gao N, Shan G, Shen F, Chen J, Zhu B. Preparation and Properties of Different Polyether-Type Defoamers for Concrete. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7492. [PMID: 36363083 PMCID: PMC9656246 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of polyether-type defoamers for concrete which consist of the same alkyl chain (hydrophobic part) but different polyether chains (hydrophilic part) was prepared, and the structure-property relationship of the defoamers was investigated for the first time. Using oleyl alcohol (OA) as the starting agent (alkyl chain), the polyether defoamers with different polyether chains were prepared by changing the amount and sequence of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) units. The properties of different defoamers were tested in aqueous solutions, and fresh and hardened mortars; the structure-property relationship of the defoamers was thus studied. The results indicated that the defoaming capacity of the polyether defoamers decreased with an increased EO amount, and the defoamers linked with both EO and PO units (PO before EO) had a stronger defoaming capacity than those linked with EO only. This study is beneficial for the development and applications of novel synthetic polyether-type defoamers for concrete.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
- Bote New Materials Taizhou Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225474, China
| | - Jingzhi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
- Bote New Materials Taizhou Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225474, China
| | - Nanxiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
| | - Guangcheng Shan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
| | - Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
- Bote New Materials Taizhou Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225474, China
| | - Bosong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiang S, Tan Y, Gao Y, Jiang Z, Liu B, Zeng W. Bubble Evolution under the Action of Polycarboxylate and Air-Entraining Agent and Its Effects on Concrete Properties-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7053. [PMID: 36295121 PMCID: PMC9605505 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the performance of concrete, it is of great significance to have a better understanding the mechanism and main influencing factors of concrete bubble evolution under the action of polycarboxylate and air-entraining agents. In the present review, with respect to the generation, growth, stability, and rupture of concrete bubbles under the action of polycarboxylate and air-entraining agents, this paper discusses the influence of bubble characteristics on concrete performance and studies bubble regulation by air-entraining agents and polycarboxylate (PCE) superplasticizer. The results show that the acid-to-ether ratio, sulfonic acid group, ester group, and the type of air entraining agent of the polycarboxylate acid structure have a significant impact on the bubbles. The bubble size, specific area, spacing factor, and bubble content have a significant impact on the rheological properties and related mechanical properties of fresh concrete and also affect the appearance quality of concrete. The problems with the experimental methods and theoretical models of concrete bubble research were analyzed, and future research ideas were put forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuncheng Xiang
- School of Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yansheng Tan
- School of Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yingli Gao
- School of Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- CSCEC Western Construction Hunan Co., Ltd., Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bin Liu
- CSCEC Western Construction Hunan Co., Ltd., Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- CSCEC Western Construction Hunan Co., Ltd., Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|