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Liu W, Deng Y, Tan A, Zhao F, Chang O, Wang F, Lai Y, Huang Z. Intracellular behavior of Nocardia seriolae and its apoptotic effect on RAW264.7 macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1138422. [PMID: 36926518 PMCID: PMC10011490 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1138422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nocardia seriolae, an intracellular gram-positive pathogen, is prone to infecting immunocompromised and surface-damaged fish, causing serious losses to the aquaculture industry. Although a previous study has demonstrated that N. seriolae infects macrophages, the persistence of this bacterium in macrophages has not been well characterized. To address this gap, we used the macrophage cell line RAW264.7, to investigate the interactions between N. seriolae and macrophages and deciphered the intracellular survival mechanism of N. seriolae. Confocal and light microscopy revealed that N. seriolae entered macrophages 2 hours post-inoculation (hpi), were phagocytosed by macrophages at 4-8 hpi, and induced the formation of multinucleated macrophages by severe fusion at 12 hpi. Flow cytometry, evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of lactate dehydrogenase, and observation of the ultrastructure of macrophages revealed that apoptosis was induced in the early infection stage and inhibited in the middle and later periods of infection. Additionally, the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Cyto-C, Caspase-3, Capase-8, and Caspase-9 was induced at 4 hpi, and then decreased at 6-8 hpi, illustrating that N. seriolae infection induces the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in macrophages, followed by the inhibition of apoptosis to survive inside the cells. Furthermore, N. seriolae inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species and releases large amounts of nitric oxide, which persists in macrophages during infection. The present study provides the first comprehensive insight into the intracellular behavior of N. seriolae and its apoptotic effect on macrophages and may be important for understanding the pathogenicity of fish nocardiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuting Deng,
| | - Aiping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ouqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingtiao Lai
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
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Köhsler M, Leitsch D, Loufouma Mbouaka A, Wekerle M, Walochnik J. Transcriptional changes of proteins of the thioredoxin and glutathione systems in Acanthamoeba spp. under oxidative stress - an RNA approach. Parasite 2022; 29:24. [PMID: 35532265 PMCID: PMC9083255 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin (Trx) and the glutathione (GSH) systems represent important antioxidant systems in cells and in particular thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has been shown to constitute a promising drug target in parasites. For the facultative protozoal pathogen Acanthamoeba, it was demonstrated that a bacterial TrxR as well as a TrxR, characteristic of higher eukaryotes, mammals and humans is expressed on the protein level. However, only bacterial TrxR is strongly induced by oxidative stress in Acanthamoeba castellanii. In this study, the impact of oxidative stress on key enzymes involved in the thioredoxin and the glutathione system of A. castellanii under different culture conditions and of clinical Acanthamoeba isolates was evaluated on the RNA level employing RT-qPCR. Additionally, the effect of auranofin, a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, already established as a potential drug in other parasites, on target enzymes in A. castellanii was investigated. Oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide led to significant stimulation of bacterial TrxR and thioredoxin, while diamide had a strong impact on all investigated enzymes. Different strains displayed distinct transcriptional responses, rather correlating to sensitivity against the respective stressor than to respective pathogenic potential. Culture conditions appear to have a major effect on transcriptional changes in A. castellanii. Treatment with auranofin led to transcriptional activation of the GSH system, indicating its role as a potential backup for the Trx system. Altogether, our data provide more profound insights into the complex redox system of Acanthamoeba, preparing the ground for further investigations on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Köhsler
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Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - David Leitsch
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Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Alvie Loufouma Mbouaka
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Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Maximilian Wekerle
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Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Julia Walochnik
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Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
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Enhanced cancer therapeutic efficiency of NO combined with siRNA by caspase-3 responsive polymers. J Control Release 2021; 339:506-520. [PMID: 34655677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The combination of nitric oxide (NO) and siRNA is highly desirable for cancer therapy. Here, the furoxans-grafted PEI polymer (FDP) with caspase-3 responsive cleavable DEVD linker was synthesized, and used to bind siRNAs via electrostatic interaction and self-assembled into FDP/siRNA nanoplexes by hydrophobic force. After cellular uptake and lysosomal escape, the FDP/siRNA nanoplexes could achieve GSH-triggered NO release, and then increase the activity of caspase-3. The activated caspase-3 could specifically cleave the DEVD peptide sequence and enhance cell apoptosis. With the cleavage of DEVD peptide sequence, the disassembly of FDP/siRNA nanoplexes was further promoted, thereby resulting in increased siRNAs of ~40% were released at 48 h compared with the caspase-3 non-responsive FDnP/siRNA nanoplexes. By this way, cell apoptosis promotion and cell proliferation inhibition was achieved by siRNA-based downregulation of EGFR protein and the upregulated activity of caspase-3, followed by the enhanced cascade release of NO from FDP/siRNA nanoplexes. Furthermore, in vivo results demonstrated the improved anti-cancer efficiency of FDP/siEGFR nanoplexes without any detectable side effects. Therefore, it is believed that the caspase-3 responsive cleavable furoxans-grafted PEI polymers could provide a potential and efficient enhancement for cancer therapeutic efficiency by the co-delivery of nitric oxide and siRNA.
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Singh AK, Awasthi D, Dubey M, Nagarkoti S, Kumar A, Chandra T, Barthwal MK, Tripathi AK, Dikshit M. High oxidative stress adversely affects NFκB mediated induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human neutrophils: Implications in chronic myeloid leukemia. Nitric Oxide 2016; 58:28-41. [PMID: 27264783 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence support bimodal action of nitric oxide (NO) both as a promoter and as an impeder of oxygen free radicals in neutrophils (PMNs), however impact of high oxidative stress on NO generation is less explored. In the present study, we comprehensively investigated the effect of high oxidative stress on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and NO generation in human PMNs. Our findings suggest that PMA or diamide induced oxidative stress in PMNs from healthy volunteers, and high endogenous ROS in PMNs of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients attenuate basal as well as LPS/cytokines induced NO generation and iNOS expression in human PMNs. Mechanistically, we found that under high oxidative stress condition, S-glutathionylation of NFκB (p50 and p65 subunits) severely limits iNOS expression due to its reduced binding to iNOS promoter, which was reversed in presence of DTT. Furthermore, by using pharmacological inhibitors, scavengers and molecular approaches, we identified that enhanced ROS generation via NOX2 and mitochondria, reduced Grx1/2 expression and GSH level associated with NFκB S-glutathionylation in PMNs from CML patients. Altogether data obtained suggest that oxidative status act as an important regulator of NO generation/iNOS expression, and under enhanced oxidative stress condition, NOX2-mtROS-NFκB S-glutathionylation is a feed forward loop, which attenuate NO generation and iNOS expression in human PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Megha Dubey
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Tulika Chandra
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Haematology & Medical Oncology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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Li J, Zhang K, Wu J, Liao Y, Yang P, Huang N. Co-culture of endothelial cells and patterned smooth muscle cells on titanium: Construction with high density of endothelial cells and low density of smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 456:555-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Li J, Zhang K, Xu Y, Chen J, Yang P, Zhao Y, Zhao A, Huang N. A novel coculture model of HUVECs and HUASMCs by hyaluronic acid micropattern on titanium surface. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1950-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuancong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Ansha Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
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Surface engineering of cardiovascular stent with endothelial cell selectivity for in vivo re-endothelialisation. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2588-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Liu J, Yan L, Niu R, Tian L, Zhang Q, Quan J, Liu H, Wei S, Guo Q. Protection effect of endomorphins on advanced glycation end products induced injury in endothelial cells. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:105780. [PMID: 23671848 PMCID: PMC3647545 DOI: 10.1155/2013/105780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endomorphins (EMs) have a very important bridge-function in cardiovascular, endocrinological, and neurological systems. This study is to investigate the effects of EMs on the synthesis and secretion of vasoactive substances induced by advanced glycation end products in primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Firstly, HUVECs were stimulated with AGEs-bovine serum albumin (AGEs-BSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), or both AGEs-BSA and EMs together, respectively. Then, HUVEC survival rate was calculated by MTT assay, the levels of NO, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by colorimetric analysis, and the contents of endothelin-1 (ET-1) were detected by ELISA. The mRNA levels of eNOS and ET-1 were measured by RT-PCR. The expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) was detected by immunofluorescence assay. The results showed that the mRNA expression and secretion of eNOS were significantly enhanced after incubation with EMs compared to those with AGEs-BSA, while the secretion of NO and iNOS, mRNA expression, and secretion of ET-1 had opposite changes. The fluorescence intensity of p38MAPK in nuclear was decreased after pretreatment with EMs compared to incubation with AGEs-BSA. Conclusion. The present study suggests that EMs have certain protection effect on AGEs-BSA-induced injury in HUVEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, 204 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou City 730000, Gansu Province, China
- *Jing Liu:
| | - Liping Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, 204 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou City 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ruilan Niu
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Limin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, 204 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou City 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, 204 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou City 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jinxing Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, 204 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou City 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pneumology, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, 204 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou City 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Suhong Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, 204 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou City 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, 204 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou City 730000, Gansu Province, China
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Bochu W, Liancai Z, Qi C. Primary study on the application of Serum Pharmacology in Chinese traditional medicine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2005; 43:194-7. [PMID: 15964749 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2004] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the paper, two main methods, which are Serum Pharmacology and Traditional Pharmacology, were adopted to study Chinese traditional medicine, such as Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), ginsenosides (GS) and compound GG (GBE+GS), pharmacology in vitro. The results showed that there were evident difference between the results of Serum Pharmacology and that of Traditional Pharmacology. There was no significant difference between the drug effect of crude GS on nitric oxide (NO) production in ECV304 and that of crude GBE, and the drug effect of GG was superior to that of GS and GBE, respectively. But, compared with GBE serum, the GS serum up-regulation of NO production in ECV304 increased significantly, and the GG serum up-regulation of the NO production in ECV304 was inferior to that of GS serum and GBE serum significantly. The results suggested that Serum Pharmacological study should be adopted in the pharmacological investigation on the Chinese traditional medicine and the drug screening of the Chinese traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Bochu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics & Tissue Engineering under the State Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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