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Lončarević A, Clara-Trujillo S, Martínez-Férriz A, Blanco-Gómez M, Gallego-Ferrer G, Rogina A. Chitosan-copper microparticles as doxorubicin microcarriers for bone tumor therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124245. [PMID: 38772497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic drug used in osteosarcoma treatments, usually administrated in very high dosages. This study proposes novel DOX microcarriers based on chitosan (CHT) physically crosslinked with copper(II) ions that will act synergically to inhibit tumor growth at lower drug dosage without affecting the healthy cells. Spherical CHT-Cu microparticles with a smooth surface and an average size of 30.1 ± 9.1 µm were obtained by emulsion. The release of Cu2+ ions from the CHT-Cu microparticles showed that 99.4 % of added cupric ions were released in 72 h of incubation in a complete cell culture medium (CCM). DOX entrapment in microparticles was conducted in a phosphate buffer solution (pH 6), utilizing the pH sensitivity of the polymer. The successful drug-loading process was confirmed by DOX emitting red fluorescence from drug-loaded microcarriers (DOX@CHT-Cu). The drug release in CCM showed an initial burst release, followed by sustained release. Biological assays indicated mild toxicity of CHT-Cu microparticles on the MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line, without affecting the viability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The DOX@CHT-Cu microparticles at concentration of 0.5 mg mL‒1 showed selective toxicity toward MG-63 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lončarević
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Trg Marka Marulića 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sandra Clara-Trujillo
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Arantxa Martínez-Férriz
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mireia Blanco-Gómez
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gloria Gallego-Ferrer
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Anamarija Rogina
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Trg Marka Marulića 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Thakur N, Goswami M, Deka Dey A, Kaur B, Sharma C, Kumar A. Fabrication and Synthesis of Thiococlchicoside Loaded Matrix Type Transdermal Patch. Pharm Nanotechnol 2024; 12:143-154. [PMID: 37282636 DOI: 10.2174/2211738511666230606120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this work was to synthesize and fabricate matrix type transdermal patches based on a combination of polymers (Eudragit L100, HPMC and PVP K30), plasticizer and crosslinking agents (propylene glycol and triethyl citrate) and adhesives (Dura Tak 87-6908) to increase Thiocolchicoside (THC) absorption via topical route. This method allows avoidance of first-pass metabolism along with a consistent and extended duration of therapeutic activity. METHODS Fabrication and casting of polymeric solutions containing THC was done either in petri plates or through lab coater to get transdermal patches. Finally, the formulated patches were studied for their physicochemical and biological evaluation using scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, DSC, XRD and ex-vivo permeation studies using pig ear skin. RESULTS FTIR studies confirm that the THC characteristics peaks (carbonyl (Amide I) at 1525.5 cm-1, C=O stretching (tropane ring) at 1664.4 cm-1, Amide II band (N-H stretching) at 3325.9 cm-1, thioether band at 2360.7 cm-1, and OH group stretching band at 3400.2 cm-1) are still present in the polymer mixture even after formulation as a transdermal patch, indicating compatibility among all excipients. While on the other hand, DSC studies confirm endothermic peaks for all the polymers along with THC with the highest enthalpy of 65.979 J/g, which is an indicator of sharp endothermic peak at 198°C, leading to the melting of THC. The percentage drug content and percentage moisture uptake of all the formulation was found in the range of 96 ± 2.04 to 98.56 ± 1.34% and 4.13 ± 1.16 to 8.23 ± 0.90%, respectively. Drug release and release kinetics studies confirm that it is dependent on the composition of individual formulation. CONCLUSION All these findings support the possibility of using suitable polymeric composition, as well as proper formulation and manufacturing circumstances, to create a one-of-a-kind technology platform for transdermal drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Manish Goswami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Saraswati College of Pharmacy, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Asmita Deka Dey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Chandan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824209, India
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Abdella S, Abid F, Youssef SH, Kim S, Afinjuomo F, Malinga C, Song Y, Garg S. pH and its applications in targeted drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103414. [PMID: 36273779 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Physiologic pH is vital for the normal functioning of tissues and varies in different parts of the body. The varying pH of the body has been exploited to design pH-sensitive smart oral, transdermal and vaginal drug delivery systems (DDS). The DDS demonstrated promising results in hard-to-treat diseases such as cancer and Helicobacter pylori infection. In some cases, a change in pH of tissues or body fluids has also been employed as a useful diagnostic biomarker. This paper aims to comprehensively review the development and applications of pH-sensitive DDS as well as recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadikalmahdi Abdella
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Zambia St, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fatima Abid
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Souha H Youssef
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sangseo Kim
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Franklin Afinjuomo
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Constance Malinga
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Zhao L, Zhou T, Chen J, Cai W, Shi R, Duan Y, Yuan L, Xing C. Colon specific delivery of miR-155 inhibitor alleviates estrogen deficiency related phenotype via microbiota remodeling. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2610-2620. [PMID: 35938574 PMCID: PMC9364735 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2108163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling data have indicated menopause-associated increase in cardiovascular disease in women, while the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. It is established that changes of intestinal microbiota affect cardiovascular function in the context of metabolic syndrome. We here aimed to explore the possible link between host intestinal function, microbiota, and cardiac function in the ovariectomy (OVX) mouse model. Mice were ovariectomized to induce estrogen-related metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular defect. Microbiota was analyzed by 16s rRNA sequencing. miRNA and mRNA candidates expression were tested by qPCR. Cardiac function was examined by echocardiography. Colon specific delivery of miRNA candidates was achieved by oral gavage of Eudragit S100 functionalized microspheres. In comparison with the sham-operated group, OVX mice showed compromised cardiac function, together with activated inflammation in the visceral adipose tissue and heart. Lactobacillus abundance was significantly decreased in the gut of OVX mice. Meanwhile, miR-155 was mostly upregulated in the intestinal epithelium and thus the feces over other candidates, which in turn decreased Lactobacillus abundance in the intestine when endocytosed. Oral delivery of miR-155 antagonist restored the protective microbiota and thus protected the cardiac function in the OVX mice. This study has established a possible regulatory axis of intestinal miRNAs-microbiota-estrogen deficiency related phenotype in the OVX model. Colon specific delivery of therapeutic miRNAs would possibly restore the microbiota toward protective phenotype in the context of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbi Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenbin Cai
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruijing Shi
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunyou Duan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changyang Xing
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Sargazi S, Siddiqui B, Qindeel M, Rahdar A, Bilal M, Behzadmehr R, Mirinejad S, Pandey S. Chitosan nanocarriers for microRNA delivery and detection: A preliminary review with emphasis on cancer. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 290:119489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Vilas S, Thilagar S. Formulation and optimisation of lamivudine-loaded Eudragit ® S 100 polymer-coated pectin microspheres for colon-specific delivery. IET Nanobiotechnol 2021; 15:90-99. [PMID: 34694732 PMCID: PMC8675772 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation is to find a prolonged or delayed drug release system, exclusively for the treatment of hepatitis-B to reduce the side effects, which arise when conventional solid dose forms are administered. To pursue this goal, lamivudine-loaded Eudragit-coated pectin microspheres have been formulated employing water/oil (W/O) emulsion evaporation strategy. The formulation was optimised using a 34 factorial design. A drug to polymer ratio of 1:2, the surfactant of 1 ml, the volume of 50 ml of processing medium with a stirring speed of 2500 rpm were found to be the optimal parameters to obtain the lamivudine-loaded Eudragit-coated pectin microspheres formulation with a high drug entrapment efficiency of 89.44% ± 1.44%. The in vitro release kinetics of lamivudine was a suitable fit to the Higuchi model, indicating a diffusion-controlled release with anomalous transport. The obtained microspheres were then subjected to different characterisation studies, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of this study clearly indicate that Eudragit-coated pectin microspheres could be the promising controlled release carriers for colon-specific delivery of lamivudine in the presence of rat cecal content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Vilas
- Department of Environmental BiotechnologyBharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalliTamil NaduIndia
| | - Sivasudha Thilagar
- Department of Environmental BiotechnologyBharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalliTamil NaduIndia
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8
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Moulari B, Shetab Boushehri MA, Pais de Barros JP, Faber T, Béduneau A, Lagrost L, Pellequer Y, Lamprecht A. Nanosphere-shaped ammonio methacrylate copolymers: converting a pharmaceutical inactive ingredient to efficient therapeutics for experimental colitis. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9590-9602. [PMID: 32314992 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00465k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to progressive inflammatory disorders that impair the gastrointestinal tract's structure and function. Given their selective accumulation in inflamed tissues, nanoparticles are promising drug delivery systems for IBD treatment. The hypothesis here was that drug-free nanoscaled cationic ammonio methacrylate copolymers (AMCNP) may have a beneficial therapeutic effect in murine TNBS-induced colitis. Type A and B AMCNP (RLNP and RSNP, respectively) were prepared and characterized in vitro, and were rectally administered in two concentrations (5 and 25 mg ml-1) for the treatment of two grades of murine experimental colitis. The impact of the nanoparticles upon the inflammatory markers, circulating LPS, intestinal permeability and colonic leukocyte populations was examined. Both RLNP and RSNP led to a significant mitigation of mild to moderate experimental colitis, as evident from the substantial reduction of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities (more than two-fold, P < 0.05) and various pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12). The best therapeutic efficiency was observed when the particles were used at 5 mg ml-1, while the more cationic RLNP performed superior. When used against a severe grade of colitis, RLNP (5 mg ml-1) resulted in a significant decrease of tissue MPO and TNF-α. It was found that treatment with AMCNP resulted in significant intestinal immune cell depletion, intestinal barrier function improvement, and 1.5-2.5 times reduction of the systemic endotoxin concentration. These findings highlighted the fact that nanoscaling endows the cationic amphiphilic AMCs unique therapeutic properties, which help mitigate murine experimental colitis in the absence of any drug load. The results also provided a glimpse of possible underlying mechanisms through which nanoscaled AMCs might have exerted their therapeutic effect within this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Moulari
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besançon, France.
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In Vitro Characterization, Modelling, and Antioxidant Properties of Polyphenon-60 from Green Tea in Eudragit S100-2 Chitosan Microspheres. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040967. [PMID: 32244441 PMCID: PMC7230985 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eudragit S100-coated chitosan microspheres (S100Ch) are proposed as a new oral delivery system for green tea polyphenon-60 (PP60). PP60 is a mixture of polyphenolic compounds, known for its active role in decreasing oxidative stress and metabolic risk factors involved in diabetes and in other chronic diseases. Chitosan-PP60 microspheres prepared by an emulsion cross-linking method were coated with Eudragit S100 to ensure the release of PP60 in the terminal ileum. Different core–coat ratios of Eudragit and chitosan were tested. Optimized chitosan microspheres were obtained with a chitosan:PP60 ratio of 8:1 (Ch-PP608:1), rotation speed of 1500 rpm, and surfactant concentration of 1.0% (m/v) achieving a mean size of 7.16 µm. Their coating with the enteric polymer (S100Ch-PP60) increased the mean size significantly (51.4 µm). The in vitro modified-release of PP60 from S100Ch-PP60 was confirmed in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Mathematical fitting models were used to characterize the release mechanism showing that both Ch-PP608:1 and S100Ch-PP60 fitted the Korsmeyers–Peppas model. The antioxidant activity of PP60 was kept in glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan microspheres before and after their coating, showing an IC50 of 212.3 µg/mL and 154.4 µg/mL, respectively. The potential of chitosan microspheres for the delivery of catechins was illustrated, with limited risk of cytotoxicity as shown in Caco-2 cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The beneficial effects of green tea and its derivatives in the management of metabolic disorders can be exploited using mucoadhesive chitosan microspheres coated with enteric polymers for colonic delivery.
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Nanopharmaceutics: Part II-Production Scales and Clinically Compliant Production Methods. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030455. [PMID: 32143286 PMCID: PMC7153617 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Due the implementation of nanotechnologies in the pharmaceutical industry over the last few decades, new type of cutting-edge formulations-nanopharmaceutics-have been proposed. These comprise pharmaceutical products at the nanoscale, developed from different types of materials with the purpose to, e.g., overcome solubility problems of poorly water-soluble drugs, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of known drugs but also of new biomolecules, to modify the release profile of loaded compounds, or to decrease the risk of toxicity by providing site-specific delivery reducing the systemic distribution and thus adverse side effects. To succeed with the development of a nanopharmaceutical formulation, it is first necessary to analyze the type of drug which is to be encapsulated, select the type matrix to load it (e.g., polymers, lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, metals), followed by the production procedure. Together these elements have to be compatible with the administration route. To be launched onto the market, the selected production method has to be scaled-up, and quality assurance implemented for the product to reach clinical trials, during which in vivo performance is evaluated. Regulatory issues concerning nanopharmaceutics still require expertise for harmonizing legislation and a clear understanding of clinically compliant production methods. The first part of this study addressing "Nanopharmaceutics: Part I-Clinical trials legislation and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) of nanotherapeutics in the EU" has been published in Pharmaceutics. This second part complements the study with the discussion about the production scales and clinically compliant production methods of nanopharmaceutics.
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Sharif S, Abbas G, Hanif M, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Jalil A, Yaqoob M. Mucoadhesive micro-composites: Chitosan coated halloysite nanotubes for sustained drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 184:110527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Effect of Polysaccharide Sources on the Physicochemical Properties of Bromelain-Chitosan Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101681. [PMID: 31618858 PMCID: PMC6835720 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromelain, a set of proteolytic enzymes potential pharmaceutical applications, was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles to enhance enzyme stability, and the effect of different chitosan sources was evaluated. Chitosan types (i.e., low molecular weight chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide lactate, and chitosan from shrimp shells) produced nanoparticles with different physicochemical properties, however in all cases, particle size and zeta potential decreased, and polydispersity index increased after bromelain addition. Bromelain encapsulation was higher than 84% and 79% for protein content and enzymatic activity, respectively, with low molecular weight chitosan presenting the highest encapsulation efficiency. Nanoparticle suspension was also tested for accelerated stability and rheological behavior. For the chitosan-bromelain nanoparticles, an instability index below 0.3 was recorded and, in general, the loading of bromelain in chitosan nanoparticles decreased the cohesiveness of the final suspension.
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Vieira R, Souto SB, Sánchez-López E, Machado AL, Severino P, Jose S, Santini A, Fortuna A, García ML, Silva AM, Souto EB. Sugar-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome-Review of Classical and New Compounds: Part-I. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040152. [PMID: 31658729 PMCID: PMC6958392 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia together with disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fat, which in general results from an insulin availability and need imbalance. In a great number of patients, marketed anti-glycemic agents have shown poor effectiveness in maintaining a long-term glycemic control, thus being associated with severe adverse effects and leading to an emerging interest in natural compounds (e.g., essential oils and other secondary plant metabolites, namely, flavonoid-rich compounds) as a novel approach for prevention, management and/or treatment of either non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (T2DM, type 2 DM) and/or Metabolic Syndrome (MS). In this review, some of these promising glucose-lowering agents will be comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vieira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Selma B Souto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital São João, Prof. Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 - 319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana López Machado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Patricia Severino
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil.
- University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Industrial Biotechnology Program, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil.
| | - Sajan Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Cheruvandoor Campus, Ettumanoor, Kerala 686631, India.
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- CIBIT-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3 000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Amelia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Martins Shimojo AA, Santos Duarte ADS, Santos Duarte Lana JF, Malheiros Luzo ÂC, Fernandes AR, Sanchez-Lopez E, Barbosa Souto E, Andrade Santana MH. Association of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Auto-Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Microparticles: Approach for Orthopedic Application. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101568. [PMID: 31561615 PMCID: PMC6835642 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) associated with high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) has been clinically used for tissue regeneration in orthopedics. Despite the recognized beneficial clinical outcomes (e.g., early pain control, improvement of patients' functional limitation and longer-term effectiveness compared to PRP and HA alone in mild and moderate osteoarthritis treatments), its use is still challenging and controversial due to lack of standardization of association practical protocols. Moreover, most studies neglect the matrix structure, that generates the ultimate properties of the association among platelets, fibrin network and the microparticles. In the present work, we aimed to analyze the influence of the PRP/HA association with a controlled matrix structure on the stability, rheological behavior, release of growth factors and in vitro proliferation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (h-AdMSCs). The attenuation of the negative charge of HA was also evaluated. Pure PRP (P-PRP) (i.e., plasma enriched with platelets and poor in leukocytes) was prepared by centrifugation and activated with serum and calcium chloride (AP-PRP). Autocrosslinked hyaluronic acid (AHA) was prepared by organocatalyzed auto-esterification and structured in microparticles (MPAHA) by shearing. The attenuation of the negative charge of MPAHA was performed with chitosan (CHT) by polyelectrolyte complexation yielding MPAHA-CHT. The results showed that microparticles (MPs) have viscoelastic properties, extrusion force and swelling ratio appropriate for injectable applications. The association of AP-PRP with the controlled structure of MPAHA and MPAHA-CHT formed a matrix composed of platelets and of a fibrin network with fibers around 160 nm located preferably on the surface of the MPs with an average diameter of 250 μm. Moreover, AP-PRP/MPAHA and AP-PRP/MPAHA-CHT associations were non-toxic and supported controlled growth factor (PDGF-AB and TGF-β1) release and in vitro proliferation of h-AdMSC with a similar pattern to that of AP-PRP alone. The best h-AdMSC proliferation was obtained with the AP-PRP/MPAHA-CHT75:25 indicating that the charge attenuation improved the cell proliferation. Thus, the association of AP-PRP with the controlled structure of HA can be a valuable approach for orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Arruda Martins Shimojo
- Department of Engineering of Materials and Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | - Ana Rita Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elena Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación biomédica en red de enfermedades neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliana Barbosa Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Maria Helena Andrade Santana
- Department of Engineering of Materials and Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Mathur P, Sharma S, Rawal S, Patel B, Patel MM. Fabrication, optimization, and in vitro evaluation of docetaxel-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for improved anticancer activity. J Liposome Res 2019; 30:182-196. [PMID: 31060404 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1614055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women worldwide. It is the leading cancer killer in both men and women in every Ethnic Group. A major problem associated with chemotherapies against their lung cancer is the lack of selective toxicity, which results in a narrow therapeutic index thereby compromising clinical prognosis. To circumvent these challenges, the present investigation sought to develop a docetaxel-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier system (DTX-NLCS) for the treatment of lung cancer. A 3-factor/3-level Box-Behnken Design was applied to systematically optimize the DTX-NLCS parameters. The amount of drug, emulsifier concentration, and homogenization speed was selected as independent variables, while the particle size and % entrapment efficiency (%EE) were selected as dependent variables. The optimized batch parameters were 29.81 mg drug, 19.97% w/w emulsifier, and 13 200 (rpm) speed of homogenization with a mean particle size of 154.1 ± 3.13 nm and a mean %EE of 86.12 ± 3.48%. The in vitro lipolysis experiments revealed that the optimized DTX-NLCs were stabilized by 10% w/w PEG 4000 mono-stearate and exhibited an anti-lipolytic effect. Furthermore, the in vitro gastrointestinal stability studies (at pH-1.2, pH-4.5, pH-6.8, and pH-7.4) revealed that the optimized developed system could withstand various GI tract media. The in vitro dissolution studies depicted a pH-independent controlled-release consistent with the Weibull model. In vitro cytotoxicity studies using NCI-H460 cell lines further revealed that there was a reduction in IC50 values in the DTX-NLCS treated cells as compared to those treated with the pure drug, indicating an improved efficiency for the developed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Mathur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shruti Rawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Bhoomika Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mayur M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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16
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Chitosan Oligosaccharides Show Protective Effects in Coronary Heart Disease by Improving Antioxidant Capacity via the Increase in Intestinal Probiotics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7658052. [PMID: 30984339 PMCID: PMC6431530 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7658052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We explored the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. The component of COS was measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). CHD patients were evenly assigned into the COS group (COG) and the placebo group (CG). The duration of treatment was 6 months and therapeutic results were explored by measuring left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) value, Lee scores, quality of life (QOL), blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine. The intestinal flora were determined by 16s rDNA sequencing. The circulating antioxidant levels and lipid profiles were compared between two groups. There were 7 different degrees of polymerization (DP4-10) in COS. Lee scores, QOL scores, and LVEF values in the COG group were higher than those in the CG group (P < 0.05). COS treatment improved blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine when compared with controls (P < 0.05). Circulating antioxidant levels were higher in the COG group than in the CG group. COS consumption increased the serum levels of SOD and GSH and reduced the levels of ALT and AST (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, lipid profiles were improved in the COG group. COS consumption increased the abundance of Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, and Escherichia and decreased the abundance of Bacteroides, Megasphaera, Roseburia, Prevotella, and Bifidobacterium (P < 0.05). On the other hand, COS consumption increased the probiotic species Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Phascolarctobacterium. The increased species have been reported to be associated with antioxidant properties or lipid improvement. COS had similar effects with chitohexaose on the growth rate of these species. Therefore, COS ameliorate the symptoms of CHD patients by improving antioxidant capacities and lipid profiles via the increase of probiotics in the intestinal flora.
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Chokshi NV, Khatri HN, Patel MM. Formulation, optimization, and characterization of rifampicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of tuberculosis. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1975-1989. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1506472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nimitt V. Chokshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hiren N. Khatri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mayur M. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Dumpa NR, Sarabu S, Bandari S, Zhang F, Repka MA. Chronotherapeutic Drug Delivery of Ketoprofen and Ibuprofen for Improved Treatment of Early Morning Stiffness in Arthritis Using Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2700-2709. [PMID: 29968041 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This work developed a chronotherapeutic drug delivery system (CTDDS) utilizing a potential continuous hot-melt extrusion (HME) technique. Ketoprofen (KTP) and ibuprofen (IBU) were used as two separate model drugs. Eudragit S100 (ES100) was the matrix-forming agent, and ethyl cellulose (EC) (2.5 and 5%) was the release-retarding agent. A 16-mm extruder was used to develop the CTDDS to pilot scale. The obtained extrudate strands were transparent, indicating that the drugs were homogeneously dispersed in the matrix in an amorphous form, confirmed by both differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. The strands were pelletized into 1, 2, and 3 mm size pellets. A 100% drug release from 1, 2, and 3 mm pellets with 2.5% EC was observed at 12, 14, and 16 h, whereas the drug release was sustained for 14, 16, and 22 h from 5% EC pellets, respectively, for KTP. The release characteristics of IBU were similar to those of KTP with modest variations in release at lag time. The in vitro drug release study conducted in three-stage dissolution media showed a desired lag time of 6 h. The percent drug release from 1, 2, and 3 mm pellets with 40% drug load showed < 20% release from all formulations at 6 h. The amount of ethyl cellulose and pellet size significantly affected drug release. Formulations of both KTP and IBU were stable for 4 months at accelerated stability conditions of 40°C/75% RH. In summary, HME is a novel technique for developing CTDDS.
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Colon targeted beads loaded with pterostilbene: Formulation, optimization, characterization and in vivo evaluation. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 27:71-81. [PMID: 30662309 PMCID: PMC6323150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pterostilbene has a proven chemopreventive effect for colon carcinogenesis but suffers low bioavailability limitations and therefore unable to reach the colonic tissue. Objective and methodology To overcome the issue of low bioavailability, pterostilbene was formulated into an oral colon targeted beads by ionic gelation method using pectin and zinc acetate. Optimization was carried out by 23 factorial design whereby the effect of pectin concentration (X1), zinc acetate concentration (X2) and pterostilbene:pectin ratio (X3) were studied on entrapment efficiency (Y1) and in vitro drug release till 24 h (Y2). The optimized beads were characterized for shape and size, swelling and surface morphology. The optimized beads were uniformly coated with Eudragit S-100 using fluidized bed coater. Optimized coated beads were characterized for in vitro drug release till 24 h and surface morphology. Pharmacokinetic and organ distribution study were performed in rats to ascertain the release of pterostilbene in colon. Results The optimized formulation comprised of 2% w/v of pectin concentration (X1), 2% w/v of zinc acetate concentration (X2) and 1:4 of pterostilbene:pectin ratio (X3), which showed a satisfactory entrapment efficiency (64.80%) and in vitro release (37.88%) till 24 h. The zinc pectinate beads exhibited sphericity, uniform size distribution, adequate swelling and rough surface. The optimized coated beads achieved 15% weight gain, displayed smooth surface and optimum drug release. Pterostilbene from optimized coated beads appeared in the plasma at 14 h and reached the Cmax at 22 h (Tmax), whereas plain pterostilbene exhibited Tmax of 3 h. Discussion and conclusion Thus, larger distribution of pterostilbene was obtained in the colonic tissue compared to stomach and small intestinal tissues. Thus, delayed Tmax and larger distribution of pterostilbene in colonic tissue confirmed the targeting of beads to colon.
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Güncüm E, Işıklan N, Anlaş C, Ünal N, Bulut E, Bakırel T. Development and characterization of polymeric-based nanoparticles for sustained release of amoxicillin – an antimicrobial drug. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:964-973. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1476371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enes Güncüm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Nuran Işıklan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Ceren Anlaş
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Ünal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Elif Bulut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Tülay Bakırel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sinhmar GK, Shah NN, Chokshi NV, Khatri HN, Patel MM. Process, optimization, and characterization of budesonide-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1078-1089. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1434194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur Sinhmar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Neel N. Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nimitt V. Chokshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Hiren N. Khatri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mayur M. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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22
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Patel MM. Formulation and development of di-dependent microparticulate system for colon-specific drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 7:312-324. [PMID: 28138901 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Site-specific delivery of drugs leads to an increase in the availability of drugs at the targeted region. The objective of the present investigation was to develop a dually functional microparticulate colon-targeted drug delivery system of meloxicam for potential application in the prophylaxis of colorectal cancer. Chitosan microspheres were prepared by using emulsification-chemical cross-linking technique. Formulation parameters studied include chitosan concentration, drug to polymer ratio, agitation speed, emulsifier concentration, quantity of cross-linking agent and time for cross-linking. In vitro evaluation of microspheres revealed premature release of drug in the upper part of gastrointestinal tract. Since coating of microspheres is difficult to accomplish (with reproducible results), they were compacted to tablets. Enteric coating of tableted microspheres was achieved using Eudragit® S100. In vitro evaluation and SEM studies depict that the microspheres remain intact during compression process. The developed system was further evaluated for in vivo pharmacokinetic and roentgenography studies. In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation in rabbits reveal that the onset of drug absorption from the coated tableted microspheres (T lag time = 4.67 ± 0.58 h) was significantly delayed compared to uncoated tableted microspheres. In vivo roentgenographic study revealed that the system remained intact, until it reaches to the colonic region (5 h). Thus, from the results of the study, it can be revealed that the developed system could serve as a potential tool for efficient delivery of drug to the colonic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India.
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23
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Ren Y, Jiang L, Yang S, Gao S, Yu H, Hu J, Hu D, Mao W, Peng H, Zhou Y. Design and preparation of a novel colon-targeted tablet of hydrocortisone. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Jiang
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, China
| | | | | | - Hui Yu
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, China
| | - Wenbin Mao
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China
| | | | - Yulong Zhou
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China
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24
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Gadalla HH, El-Gibaly I, Soliman GM, Mohamed FA, El-Sayed AM. Amidated pectin/sodium carboxymethylcellulose microspheres as a new carrier for colonic drug targeting: Development and optimization by factorial design. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 153:526-534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Subedi G, Shrestha AK, Shakya S. Study of Effect of Different Factors in Formulation of Micro and Nanospheres with Solvent Evaporation Technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1874844901603010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
There are various methods of formulation of micro and nanospheres such as solvent evaporation, solvent removal, polymerization, hot-melt encapsulation, coacervation, phase/wet inversion, spray drying, spray congealing etc. Amongst these all, solvent evaporation is one of the most widely used, researched, easy, accessible methods and for which many patents have been applied. It is thus imperative to understand the basics of effect of formulation variables and design of solvent evaporation method which will be covered in this review article.
Objective:
To discuss the various formulation factors while designing the robust micro and nanospherical systems with better morphology, entrapment and release of the drugs.
Method:
Systematic analysis of the relevant literature, bibliographies, and interactions with investigators.
Results:
From the investigation of different literatures, it was found that various factors of solvent evaporation technique may be controlled in order to design the micro and nanospheres of suitable morphology, entrapment and release characters.
Conclusion:
Various factors like type of polymer used, weight, viscosity, hydrophilicity, concentration, polymer ratio, stirring speed, emulsifier concentration, concentration of cross-linking agents, type of solvent used, rate of addition of solvent etc. Affect the yield, morphology, release and entrapment of the drug inside the system. Hence, these factors play crucial role in the design of a robust micro and nanospherical system.
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Ren Y, Jiang L, Yang S, Gao S, Yu H, Hu J, Hu D, Mao W, Peng H, Zhou Y. Design and preparation of a novel colon-targeted tablet of hydrocortisone. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to design a new colon-targeted drug delivery system based on chitosan. The properties of the films were studied to obtain useful information about the possible applications of composite films. The composite films were used in a bilayer system to investigate their feasibility as coating materials. Tensile strength, swelling degree, solubility, biodegradation degree, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations showed that the composite film was formed when chitosan and gelatin were jointly reacted jointly. The results showed that a 6:4 blend ratio was the optimal chitosan/gelatin blend ratio. In vitro drug release results indicated that the Eudragit- and chitosan/gelatin-bilayer coating system prevented drug release in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated gastric fluid (SGF). However, the drug release from a bilayer-coated tablet in SCF increased over time, and the drug was almost completely released after 24 h. Overall, colon-targeted drug delivery was achieved by using a chitosan/gelatin complex film and a multilayer coating system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Jiang
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, China
| | | | | | - Hui Yu
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, China
| | - Wenbin Mao
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China
| | | | - Yulong Zhou
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China
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Duan H, Lü S, Gao C, Bai X, Qin H, Wei Y, Wu X, Liu M. Mucoadhesive microparticulates based on polysaccharide for target dual drug delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid and curcumin to inflamed colon. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:510-519. [PMID: 27239905 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. The physicochemical properties of the CMPs were evaluated. In vitro release was performed in gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT, and the results showed that the Eudragit S-100 coating has a pH-sensitive release property, which can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7. An everted sac method was used to evaluate the mucoadhesion of CMPs. Ex vivo mucoadhesive tests showed CMPs have excellent mucosa adhesion for the colonic mucosa of rats. In vivo treatment effect of enteric microparticulates systems was evaluated in colitis rats. The results showed superior therapeutic efficiency of this drug delivery system for the colitis rats induced by TNBS. Therefore, the enteric microparticulates systems combined the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release, and could be an available tool for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haogang Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Shaoyu Lü
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xiao Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hongyan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yuhui Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xin'an Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Zhang L, Sang Y, Feng J, Li Z, Zhao A. Polysaccharide-based micro/nanocarriers for oral colon-targeted drug delivery. J Drug Target 2016; 24:579-89. [PMID: 26766303 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1128941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oral colon-targeted drug delivery has attracted many researchers because of its distinct advantages of increasing the bioavailability of the drug at the target site and reducing the side effects. Polysaccharides that are precisely activated by the physiological environment of the colon hold greater promise for colon targeting. Considerable research efforts have been directed towards developing polysaccharide-based micro/nanocarriers. Types of polysaccharides for colon targeting and in vitro/in vivo assessments of polysaccharide-based carriers for oral colon-targeted drug delivery are summarised. Polysaccharide-based microspheres have gained increased importance not just for the delivery of the drugs for the treatment of local diseases associated with the colon (colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), amoebiasis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)), but also for it's potential for the delivery of anti-rheumatoid arthritis and anti-chronic stable angina drugs. Besides, Polysaccharide-based micro/nanocarriers such as microbeads, microcapsules, microparticles, nanoparticles, nanogels and nanospheres are also introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- a Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jinan , PR China
| | - Yuan Sang
- b Weihai Institute for Drug Control , Weihai , PR China
| | - Jing Feng
- a Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jinan , PR China
| | - Zhaoming Li
- a Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jinan , PR China
| | - Aili Zhao
- a Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jinan , PR China
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Abstract
Colon-specific delivery systems have attracted considerable attention from the scientific community. One of the distinctions of this site-specific delivery system is its effectiveness in carrying a variety of medicinal agents (required for both localized diseases and systemic therapy). It has been proposed that the biological rhythm of the body may affect the normal physiological as well as biological functions. Diseases such as nocturnal asthma, angina pectoris, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension or cardiac arrhythmia, has been found to follow biological rhythm of the body. For the treatment of these diseases, development of a chronotherapeutic drug delivery system (CrDDS), which delivers a defined dose, at a selected time and chosen rate, and to a targeted site is required. Several CrDDSs have been developed by using various strategies (pH-, time-, microflora-triggered and pressure-controlled systems) with the aim of achieving colon-specific drug delivery. This Editorial article aims to highlight some of the recent advancements that have emerged in the field of colon-targeted drug delivery systems pertaining to the chronotherapy of certain disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur M Patel
- Nirma University, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad; 382481, Gujarat , India +91 79 3064 2727 ; +91 27 1724 1916 ;
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Gadalla HH, Soliman GM, Mohammed FA, El-Sayed AM. Development and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of Zn-pectinate microparticles reinforced with chitosan for the colonic delivery of progesterone. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2541-2554. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1028602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hytham H. Gadalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ghareb M. Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fergany A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Xu J, Li W, Liu Z, Li J, Zhao X, Li D, Guo S, Zhang X. Preparation, characterization and pharmacokinetics evaluation of clarithromycin-loaded Eudragit(®) L-100 microspheres. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 41:287-93. [PMID: 25652786 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-015-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to prepare pH-dependent clarithromycin microsphere formulation by emulsion solvent evaporation method, employing Eudragit(®) L-100. Prepared microspheres were evaluated by carrying out in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetics studies. Drug-polymer interactions were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry analyses and results showed that clarithromycin was molecularly dispersed in the polymer. The particle size distribution of microspheres was found over the range of 10~50 μm. The drug is hardly released in the HCl solution pH 1.2 in the first 2 h, but is rapidly released in phosphate buffer pH 7.2, and the cumulated release reached 98.1 % at 8 h. The pharmacokinetic profiles were conducted open, randomized, two-period crossover design with a 7-day interval between doses in healthy beagle dogs. The results indicated that the extent of absorption of the clarithromycin-load microspheres was the same as pure drug, but different in the rate of drug absorption in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Xu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinghan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - DongYang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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An optimized methodology to analyze biopolymer capsules by environmental scanning electron microscopy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 47:357-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sareen R, Nath K, Jain N, Dhar KL. Curcumin loaded microsponges for colon targeting in inflammatory bowel disease: fabrication, optimization, and in vitro and pharmacodynamic evaluation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:340701. [PMID: 25093165 PMCID: PMC4100342 DOI: 10.1155/2014/340701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to develop and optimize the microsponges of curcumin for colon specific drug delivery in a view to bypass the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for enhanced therapeutic effect. Microsponges were developed by quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method using 3(2) full factorial design. Prepared microsponges were optimized in order to analyze the effects of independent variables (volume of ethanol and Eudragit L100) on the encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and drug release. The optimized formulation was subjected to in vivo study using acetic acid induced colitis model in rats. The F7 was selected as optimized formulation based on particle size of 41.63 μm, % entrapment efficiency of 78.13%, and % cumulative drug release of 84.12%, and desirability factor of 0.83. Release studies revealed that microsponges prevented the premature release of curcumin in upper GIT and specifically released the drug at colonic pH. The drug release profile of F7 formulation was subjected to different kinetic models and based upon the best correlation coefficient (r(2) = 0.9927) the release was found to follow Higuchi model, which suggested diffusion as the main mechanism of drug release. Pharmacodynamic study showed that curcumin loaded microsponges causes a significant decrease in edema, necrosis, and hemorrhage of colon as compared to free curcumin. This study proves that curcumin loaded microsponges may act as a promising drug delivery system for treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sareen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Kavita Nath
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Nitin Jain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - K. L. Dhar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
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Sareen R, Jain N, Rajkumari A, Dhar KL. pH triggered delivery of curcumin from Eudragit-coated chitosan microspheres for inflammatory bowel disease: characterization and pharmacodynamic evaluation. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:55-62. [PMID: 24758141 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.903534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This investigation deals with the development and evaluation (in vitro and in vivo) of pH triggered Eudragit-coated chitosan microspheres of curcumin (CUR) for treating ulcerative colitis. METHODS CUR-loaded chitosan microspheres were initially prepared by emulsion cross linking method followed by coating with Eudragit S-100. The pharmacodynamics of the developed formulation was analyzed in mice by acetic acid induced colitis model. RESULTS The developed microspheres were of uniform spherical shape with high entrapment efficiency. CUR-chitosan microspheres showed less intense peaks compared to free CUR confirming inclusion of drug within microspheres as revealed by X-ray diffractogram. Uncoated CUR-chitosan microspheres exhibited burst release within initial 4 h while microspheres coated with Eudragit S-100 prevented premature release of CUR and showed controlled release up to 12 h following Higuchi model. In vivo organ biodistribution study showed negligible amount of CUR in stomach and small intestine confirming integrity of microsphere in upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In vivo study revealed significant reduction in severity and extent of colonic damage with CUR-loaded microspheres as compared to pure CUR which was further confirmed by histopathological study. CONCLUSION In vitro and in vivo studies proved the developed formulations as a promising system for pH-dependent delivery of drug to colon in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sareen
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shoolini University , Solan , Himachal Pradesh , India and
| | - Nitin Jain
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shoolini University , Solan , Himachal Pradesh , India and
| | - Ananya Rajkumari
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dibrugarh University , Dibrugarh , Assam , India
| | - K L Dhar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shoolini University , Solan , Himachal Pradesh , India and
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Setia A, Kansal S, Goyal N. Development and optimization of enteric coated mucoadhesive microspheres of duloxetine hydrochloride using 3(2) full factorial design. Int J Pharm Investig 2013; 3:141-50. [PMID: 24167786 PMCID: PMC3807981 DOI: 10.4103/2230-973x.119217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microspheres constitute an important part of oral drug delivery system by virtue of their small size and efficient carrier capacity. However, the success of these microspheres is limited due to their short residence time at the site of absorption. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to formulate and systematically evaluate in vitro performance of enteric coated mucoadhesive microspheres of duloxetine hydrochloride (DLX), an acid labile drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS DLX microspheres were prepared by simple emulsification phase separation technique using chitosan as carrier and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. Microspheres prepared were coated with eudragit L-100 using an oil-in-oil solvent evaporation method. Eudragit L-100was used as enteric coating polymer with the aim to release the drug in small intestine The microspheres prepared were characterized by particle size, entrapment efficiency, swelling index (SI), mucoadhesion time, in vitro drug release and surface morphology. A 3(2) full factorial design was employed to study the effect of independent variables polymer-to-drug ratio (X1) and stirring speed (X2) on dependent variables, particle size, entrapment efficiency, SI, in vitro mucoadhesion and drug release up to 24 h (t24). RESULTS Microspheres formed were discrete, spherical and free flowing. The microspheres exhibited good mucoadhesive property and also showed high percentage entrapment efficiency. The microspheres were able to sustain the drug release up to 24 h. CONCLUSION Thus, the prepared enteric coated mucoadhesive microspheres may prove to be a potential controlled release formulation of DLX for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Setia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajendra Institute of Technology and Sciences, Sirsa, India
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Hao S, Wang B, Wang Y, Zhu L, Wang B, Guo T. Preparation of Eudragit L 100-55 enteric nanoparticles by a novel emulsion diffusion method. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 108:127-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Men J, Gao B, Wang R, Li C. CPVA Grafted Poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) and Studies on its Colon Specific for Chronotherapy of Nocturnal Asthma. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2013.829671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Emerging nanodelivery strategies of RNAi molecules for colon cancer therapy: preclinical developments. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:1117-30. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although local colonic delivery is achievable through several strategies, colon cancer is still considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Failure of chemotherapeutics to exhibit efficient anticancer activity might be attributed to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms including the overexpression of certain oncogenes such as MDR1/P-gp. One of the major reasons for the shortcoming of P-gp inhibitors in clinic is the nonspecific distribution of them to nontarget organs, which leads to reduced elimination and increased toxicity of its substrates including anticancer agents. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of gene-silencing approaches in reversing the P-gp-mediated MDR. However, none have reached clinical trials yet. Several drug-delivery systems have been investigated primarily to address P-gp and the observed improved anticancer efficacy suggests that nanomedicine provides new opportunities to overcome MDR in cancer. In this review, novel therapeutic strategies for colon cancer therapy will be discussed in the context of P-gp inhibition by low-molecular-weight agents and RNAi molecules.
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Srivastava R, Pathak K. Microsponges: a futuristic approach for oral drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:863-78. [PMID: 22663167 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.693072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microparticulate drug delivery systems have, due to their advantages, guided researchers across the globe to explore them as drug carriers. This has, sequentially, led to the development of microsponges in 1988. These porous microspheres were exclusively designed for chronotherapeutic topical drug delivery but attempts to utilize them for oral, pulmonary and parenteral drug delivery were also made. Researchers have extensively studied their properties and characteristics affecting the drug release and loading. Various advances were made with this carrier particle resulting in the development of various novel development techniques and carrier particles. AREAS COVERED This review deals with the considerations of the drug material to be entrapped in microsponges, pharmaceutical considerations for fabrication of microsponges, their potential for oral drug delivery, clinical perspectives and also provides an insight on the recent advances made in this field and future prospect. EXPERT OPINION Clinical studies show that these carriers can increase drug efficacy. Due to their potential advantages over other carrier particles, microsponges form a prospective platform for the oral delivery of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. Although these carriers have several advantages, they too possess some drawbacks which limit their commercialization for oral application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, India.
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Gulbake A, Jain SK. Chitosan: a potential polymer for colon-specific drug delivery system. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:713-29. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.682148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Patel P, Dhake A. Design and development of colon specific microspheres for chronotherapy of hypertension. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2012; 4:S33-4. [PMID: 23066197 PMCID: PMC3467814 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.94132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to design, and evaluate multiparticulate systems for Chronotherapeutic delivery of beta blocker containing biodegradable polymers coated with pH sensitive polymers in hypertension. Chitosan was used as a carrier for drug delivery and Eudragit S100 was used as an enteric coating polymer. 3(2) full factorial design was employed to optimize the proper formulation for Chronotherapeutic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, L. B. Rao Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, B. D. Rao College Campus, Bethak Road, Khambhat, Gujarat, India
| | - A. Dhake
- Department of Pharmaceutics, S. M. B. T College of Pharmacy, Nasik, Maharastra, India
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Zimová L, Vetchý D, Muselík J, Štembírek J. The development andin vivoevaluation of a colon drug delivery system using human volunteers. Drug Deliv 2012; 19:81-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2011.644350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mennini N, Furlanetto S, Cirri M, Mura P. Quality by design approach for developing chitosan-Ca-alginate microspheres for colon delivery of celecoxib-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-PVP complex. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 80:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fan L, Jin R, Le X, Zhou X, Chen S, Liu H, Xiong Y. Chitosan microspheres for controlled delivery of auxins as agrochemicals. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Formulation optimization of sustained-release ammonio methacrylate copolymer microspheres. Effects of log p and concentration of polar cosolvents, and role of the drug/copolymer ratio. Pharmaceutics 2011; 3:830-47. [PMID: 24309310 PMCID: PMC3857060 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics3040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this work were the formulation optimization of the preparation process parameters and to evaluate spray-dried sustained-release microspheres using ammonio methacrylate copolymer (AMC) as a polymer matrix. The effects of log P and the concentrations of the cosolvents (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and n-butyl acetate) and different drug/copolymer ratios as independent variables on the physicochemical parameters (the W1/O emulsion viscosity, the microsphere production yield, the average particle size, the encapsulation efficiency) and the cumulative in vitro drug release as dependent variables were studied. The optimization was carried out on the basis of the 33 factorial design study. The optimization process results showed that addition of polar cosolvents proved effective, linear relationships were observed between the independent and the dependent variables. The best conditions were achieved by microspheres prepared by using a low/medium cosolvent log P, cosolvent concentration of 25-50% v/v and a drug/copolymer ratio of 1:16. The microspheres ensured sustained release with Nernst and Baker-Lonsdale release profiles.
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Patel MM, Amin AF. Process, optimization and characterization of mebeverine hydrochloride loaded guar gum microspheres for irritable bowel syndrome. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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