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Gudapati H, Ozbolat IT. The Role of Concentration on Drop Formation and Breakup of Collagen, Fibrinogen, and Thrombin Solutions during Inkjet Bioprinting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:15373-15385. [PMID: 33295180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of protein concentration on drop formation and breakup of aqueous solutions of fibrous proteins collagen and fibrinogen and globular protein thrombin in different concentration regimes has been investigated during drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjet printing. The capillary-driven thinning and breakup of dilute collagen, fibrinogen, and thrombin solutions, the solutions in which protein molecules are far away from each other, are predominantly resisted by inertial force. Although the capillary-driven thinning and breakup of semidilute unentangled collagen and fibrinogen solutions, the solutions in which protein molecules begin to interpenetrate each other, are predominantly resisted by inertial force on the initial onset of necking, the breakup of droplets is delayed because of the resistance of elastic force. The resistance of viscous force to the necking and breakup of both the dilute and semidilute unentangled protein solutions is negligible. Aggregates or subvisible particles (between 1 and 100 μm) constantly disrupt the formation of droplets for the semidilute unentangled protein solutions, even when their inverse Ohnesorge number (Z) is within the printability range of 4 ≤ Z ≤ 14. Although aggregates are present in the dilute protein solutions, they do not disrupt the formation of droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Gudapati
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Gudapati H, Parisi D, Colby RH, Ozbolat IT. Rheological investigation of collagen, fibrinogen, and thrombin solutions for drop-on-demand 3D bioprinting. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10506-10517. [PMID: 33073269 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01455a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Collagen, fibrinogen, and thrombin proteins in aqueous buffer solutions are widely used as precursors of natural biopolymers in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting applications. The proteins are sourced from animals and their quality may vary from batch to batch, inducing differences in the rheological properties of such solutions. In this work, we investigate the rheological response of collagen, fibrinogen, and thrombin protein solutions in bulk and at the solution/air interface. Interfacial rheological measurements show that fibrous collagen, fibrinogen and globular thrombin proteins adsorb and aggregate at the solution/air interface, forming a viscoelastic solid film at the interface. The viscoelastic film corrupts the bulk rheological measurements in rotational rheometers by contributing to an apparent yield stress, which increases the apparent bulk viscosity up to shear rates as high as 1000 s-1. The addition of a non-ionic surfactant, such as polysorbate 80 (PS80) in small amounts between 0.001 and 0.1 v/v%, prevents the formation of the interfacial layer, allowing the estimation of true bulk viscosity of the solutions. The estimation of viscosity not only helps in identifying those protein solutions that are potentially printable with drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjet printing but also detects inconsistencies in flow behavior among the batches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Gudapati
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Liu J, Li C, Cheng S, Ya S, Gao D, Ding W. Large-scale high-density culture of hepatocytes in a liver microsystem with mimicked sinusoid blood flow. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2266-2276. [PMID: 30350403 DOI: 10.1002/term.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In vitro engineering of liver tissue is a rapidly developing field for various biomedical applications. However, liver tissue culture is currently performed on only a small scale with a low density of hepatocytes. In this study, a simple design was introduced in a liver microsystem to enhance the transport of nutrients (e.g., oxygen and glucose) for the three-dimensional large-scale, high-density culture of hepatocytes. In this design, convection across the cell culture zone was generated to mimic sinusoid blood flow (SBF) based on the pressure difference between two fluids flowing in a countercurrent manner on either side of the cell culture zone. First, the distributions of living and dead cells in different culture subzones under various perfusion flow rates were observed, analysed, and compared. Then, the enhanced transport of nutrients was experimentally validated in relation to the viability of cells and theoretically explained by comparing the fluid velocity and oxygen concentration distribution in the cell culture zone in counterflow and coflow modes. Finally, the functions of the SBF-mimicked liver microsystem were assessed on the basis of specific metabolites, synthesized proteins, and bilirubin detoxification of hepatocytes, with collagen and alginate as extracellular matrices. Under this design, the density of hepatocytes cultured at the 3-mm-thickness scale reached ~7 × 107 cells/ml on Day 7, and the metabolism and detoxification functions of the cells worked well. In addition, a liver rope-like structure and sphere-like clusters of cells were observed. This work provides insight for the design of a bionic liver microsystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chengpan Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shaohui Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shengnan Ya
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dayong Gao
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Weiping Ding
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Calitz C, Hamman JH, Fey SJ, Wrzesinski K, Gouws C. Recent advances in three-dimensional cell culturing to assess liver function and dysfunction: from a drug biotransformation and toxicity perspective. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 28:369-385. [PMID: 29297242 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1422580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlemi Calitz
- Pharmacen™, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Josias H. Hamman
- Pharmacen™, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Stephen J. Fey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Krzysztof Wrzesinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- Pharmacen™, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Yoon No D, Lee KH, Lee J, Lee SH. 3D liver models on a microplatform: well-defined culture, engineering of liver tissue and liver-on-a-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3822-37. [PMID: 26279012 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00611b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The liver, the largest organ in the human body, is a multi-functional organ with diverse metabolic activities that plays a critical role in maintaining the body and sustaining life. Although the liver has excellent regenerative and recuperative properties, damages caused by chronic liver diseases or viral infection may lead to permanent loss of liver functions. Studies of liver disease mechanism have focused on drug screening and liver tissue engineering techniques, including strategies based on in vitro models. However, conventional liver models are plagued by a number of limitations, which have motivated the development of 'liver-on-a-chip' and microplatform-based bioreactors that can provide well-defined microenvironments. Microtechnology is a promising tool for liver tissue engineering and liver system development, as it can mimic the complex in vivo microenvironment and microlevel ultrastructure, by using a small number of human cells under two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions. These systems provided by microtechnology allow improved liver-specific functions and can be expanded to encompass diverse 3D culture methods, which are critical for the maintenance of liver functions and recapitulation of the features of the native liver. In this review, we provide an overview of microtechnologies that have been used for liver studies, describe biomimetic technologies for constructing microscale 2D and 3D liver models as well as liver-on-a-chip systems and microscale bioreactors, and introduce applications of liver microtechnology and future trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yoon No
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Anamro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Yang J, Zhou F, Xing R, Lin Y, Han Y, Teng C, Wang Q. Development of large-scale size-controlled adult pancreatic progenitor cell clusters by an inkjet-printing technique. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11624-11630. [PMID: 25961432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The generation of transplantable β-cells from pancreatic progenitor cells (PPCs) could serve as an ideal cell-based therapy for diabetes. Because the transplant efficiency depends on the size of islet-like clusters, it becomes one of the key research topics to produce PPCs with controlled cluster sizes in a scalable manner. In this study, we used inkjet printing to pattern biogenic nanoparticles, i.e., mutant tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), with different spot sizes to support the formation of multicellular clusters by PPCs. We successfully achieved TMV particle patterns with variable features and sizes by adjusting the surface wettability and printing speed. The spot sizes of cell-adhesive TMV mutant arrays were in the range of 50-150 μm diameter. Mouse PPCs were seeded on the TMV-RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartate)-patterned polystyrene (PS) substrate, which consists of areas that either favor (TMV-RGD) or prohibit (bare PS) cell adhesion. The PPCs stably attached, proliferated on top of the TMV-RGD support, thus resulting in the formation of uniform and confluent PPC clusters. Furthermore, the aggregated PPCs also maintained their multipotency and were positive for E-cadherin, indicating that the formation of cell-cell junctions is critical for enhanced cell-cell contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhou
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Rubo Xing
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Teng
- §College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Rashidi H, Yang J, Shakesheff KM. Surface engineering of synthetic polymer materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1318-1331. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
When using polymer materials as scaffolds for tissue engineering or regenerative medicine applications the initial, and often lasting, interaction between cells and the material areviasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rashidi
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells
- Tissue Engineering and Modelling
- Division of Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
| | - Jing Yang
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells
- Tissue Engineering and Modelling
- Division of Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
| | - Kevin M. Shakesheff
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells
- Tissue Engineering and Modelling
- Division of Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
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Hunyh T, Muradoglu M, Liew OW, Ng TW. Contact angle and volume retention effects from capillary bridge evaporation in biochemical microplating. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chandrasekhar S, Iyer LK, Panchal JP, Topp EM, Cannon JB, Ranade VV. Microarrays and microneedle arrays for delivery of peptides, proteins, vaccines and other applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1155-70. [PMID: 23662940 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.797405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peptide and protein microarray and microneedle array technology provides direct information on protein function and potential drug targets in drug discovery and delivery. Because of this unique ability, these arrays are well suited for protein profiling, drug target identification/validation and studies of protein interaction, biochemical activity, immune responses, clinical prognosis and diagnosis and for gene, protein and drug delivery. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review is to describe and summarize past and recent developments of microarrays in their construction, characterization and production and applications of microneedles in drug delivery. The scope and limitations of various technologies in this respect are discussed. EXPERT OPINION This article offers a review of microarray/microneedle technologies and possible future directions in targeting and in the delivery of pharmacologically active compounds for unmet needs in biopharmaceutical research. A better understanding of the production and use of microarrays and microneedles for delivery of peptides, proteins and vaccines is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saradha Chandrasekhar
- Purdue University, Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Fujie T, Desii A, Ventrelli L, Mazzolai B, Mattoli V. Inkjet printing of protein microarrays on freestanding polymeric nanofilms for spatio-selective cell culture environment. Biomed Microdevices 2013; 14:1069-76. [PMID: 22986760 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-012-9698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, an increasing interest in bio-hybrid systems for what concerns the precise control of cell-material interactions has emerged. This trend leads towards the development of new nano-structured devices such as bioMEMS, tissue-engineering scaffolds, biosensors, etc. In the present study, we focused on the development of a spatio-selective cell culture environment based on the inkjet printing of bio-patterns on polymeric ultra-thin films (nanofilms) composed of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA). Freestanding PMMA nanofilms having hundreds-of-nm thickness were prepared by spin-coating. Different shapes of cell adhesion promoters such as poly (L-lysine) (PLL) were micropatterned by inkjet printing. Moreover, to promote cell adhesion, the surface of PLL microarrays was modified with fibronectin via electorostatic interaction. The selective deposition of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells was confirmed and their viability was qualitatively assessed after 24 h. The combination of muscular cells with protein micropatterned freestanding nanofilm is beneficial for the implementation of new bio-hybrid system in muscular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Fujie
- Center for MicroBioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, 56025, Pontedera, PI, Italy
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