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Hajareh Haghighi F, Binaymotlagh R, Fratoddi I, Chronopoulou L, Palocci C. Peptide-Hydrogel Nanocomposites for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery. Gels 2023; 9:953. [PMID: 38131939 PMCID: PMC10742474 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, but conventional anticancer drugs have side effects, mainly due to their non-specific distribution in the body in both cancerous and healthy cells. To address this relevant issue and improve the efficiency of anticancer drugs, increasing attention is being devoted to hydrogel drug-delivery systems for different kinds of cancer treatment due to their high biocompatibility and stability, low side effects, and ease of modifications. To improve the therapeutic efficiency and provide multi-functionality, different types of nanoparticles (NPs) can be incorporated within the hydrogels to form smart hydrogel nanocomposites, benefiting the advantages of both counterparts and suitable for advanced anticancer applications. Despite many papers on non-peptide hydrogel nanocomposites, there is limited knowledge about peptide-based nanocomposites, specifically in anti-cancer drug delivery. The aim of this short but comprehensive review is, therefore, to focus attention on the synergies resulting from the combination of NPs with peptide-based hydrogels. This review, which includes a survey of recent advances in this kind of material, does not aim to be an exhaustive review of hydrogel technology, but it instead highlights recent noteworthy publications and discusses novel perspectives to provide valuable insights into the promising synergic combination of peptide hydrogels and NPs for the design of novel anticancer drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Hajareh Haghighi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.H.H.); (R.B.); (I.F.)
| | - Roya Binaymotlagh
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.H.H.); (R.B.); (I.F.)
| | - Ilaria Fratoddi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.H.H.); (R.B.); (I.F.)
| | - Laura Chronopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.H.H.); (R.B.); (I.F.)
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cleofe Palocci
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.H.H.); (R.B.); (I.F.)
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Levit SL, Tang C. Polymeric Nanoparticle Delivery of Combination Therapy with Synergistic Effects in Ovarian Cancer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1048. [PMID: 33923947 PMCID: PMC8072532 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of ovarian cancer is challenging due to late stage diagnosis, acquired drug resistance mechanisms, and systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. Combination chemotherapy has the potential to enhance treatment efficacy by activation of multiple downstream pathways to overcome drug resistance and reducing required dosages. Sequence of delivery and the dosing schedule can further enhance treatment efficacy. Formulation of drug combinations into nanoparticles can further enhance treatment efficacy. Due to their versatility, polymer-based nanoparticles are an especially promising tool for clinical translation of combination therapies with tunable dosing schedules. We review polymer nanoparticle (e.g., micelles, dendrimers, and lipid nanoparticles) carriers of drug combinations formulated to treat ovarian cancer. In particular, the focus on this review is combinations of platinum and taxane agents (commonly used first line treatments for ovarian cancer) combined with other small molecule therapeutic agents. In vitro and in vivo drug potency are discussed with a focus on quantifiable synergistic effects. The effect of drug sequence and dosing schedule is examined. Computational approaches as a tool to predict synergistic drug combinations and dosing schedules as a tool for future nanoparticle design are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani L Levit
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Christina Tang
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Alven S, Aderibigbe BA. The Therapeutic Efficacy of Dendrimer and Micelle Formulations for Breast Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1212. [PMID: 33333778 PMCID: PMC7765183 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is among the most common types of cancer in women and it is the cause of a high rate of mortality globally. The use of anticancer drugs is the standard treatment approach used for this type of cancer. However, most of these drugs are limited by multi-drug resistance, drug toxicity, poor drug bioavailability, low water solubility, poor pharmacokinetics, etc. To overcome multi-drug resistance, combinations of two or more anticancer drugs are used. However, the combination of two or more anticancer drugs produce toxic side effects. Micelles and dendrimers are promising drug delivery systems that can overcome the limitations associated with the currently used anticancer drugs. They have the capability to overcome drug resistance, reduce drug toxicity, improve the drug solubility and bioavailability. Different classes of anticancer drugs have been loaded into micelles and dendrimers, resulting in targeted drug delivery, sustained drug release mechanism, increased cellular uptake, reduced toxic side effects of the loaded drugs with enhanced anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. This review article reports the biological outcomes of dendrimers and micelles loaded with different known anticancer agents on breast cancer in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blessing Atim Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape 5700, South Africa;
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Schneible JD, Young AT, Daniele MA, Menegatti S. Chitosan Hydrogels for Synergistic Delivery of Chemotherapeutics to Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Spheroids. Pharm Res 2020; 37:142. [PMID: 32661774 PMCID: PMC7983306 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a hydrogel system for treating aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) via kinetically-controlled delivery of the synergistic drug pair doxorubicin (DOX) and gemcitabine (GEM). A 2D assay was adopted to evaluate therapeutic efficacy by determining combination index (CI), and a 3D assay using cancer spheroids was implemented to assess the potential for translation in vivo. METHODS The release of DOX and GEM from an acetylated-chitosan (ACS, degree of acetylation χAc = 40 ± 5%) was characterized to identify a combined drug loading that affords release kinetics and dose that are therapeutically synergistic. The selected DOX/GEM-ACS formulation was evaluated in vitro with 2-D and 3-D models of TNBC to determine the combination index (CI) and the tumor volume reduction, respectively. RESULTS Therapeutically desired release dosages and kinetics of GEM and DOX were achieved. When evaluated with a 2-D model of TNBC, the hydrogel afforded a CI of 0.14, indicating a stronger synergism than concurrent administration of DOX and GEM (CI = 0.23). Finally, the therapeutic hydrogel accomplished a notable volume reduction of the cancer spheroids (up to 30%), whereas the corresponding dosages of free drugs only reduced growth rate. CONCLUSIONS The ACS hydrogel delivery system accomplishes drug release kinetics and molar ratio that affords strong therapeutically synergism. These results, in combination with the choice of ACS as affordable and highly abundant source material, provide a strong pre-clinical demonstration of the potential of the proposed system for complementing surgical resection of aggressive solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Schneible
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashlyn T Young
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - M A Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| | - S Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, North Carolina State University, 850 Oval Dr, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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5
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Improving plasma stability and antitumor effect of gemcitabine via PEGylated liposome prepared by active drug loading. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Talebian S, Shim IK, Kim SC, Spinks GM, Vine KL, Foroughi J. Coaxial mussel-inspired biofibers: making of a robust and efficacious depot for cancer drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5064-5079. [PMID: 32400836 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymer-based hydrogels have emerged as promising platforms for drug delivery systems (DDSs) due to their inherent biocompatibility, tunable physical properties and controllable degradability. Yet, drug release in majority of these systems is solely contingent on diffusion of drug molecules through the hydrogel, which often leads to burst release of drugs from these systems. Herein, inspired by the chemistry of mussel adhesive proteins, a new generation of coaxial hydrogel fibers was developed that could simultaneously exert both affinity and diffusion control over the release of chemotherapeutic drugs. Specifically, dopamine-modified alginate hydrogel along with chemotherapeutic drugs (doxorubicin or gemcitabine) was used as the main core component to confer affinity-controlled release, while a methacrylated-alginate hydrogel was used as the shell composition to provide the controlled diffusion barrier. It was shown that our coaxial mussel-inspired biofibers yielded biocompatible hydrogel fibers (as indicated by comprehensive in vitro and in vivo experiments) with favourable properties including controlled swelling, and enhanced mechanical properties, when compared against single fibers made from unmodified alginate. Notably, it was observed that these coaxial fibers were capable of releasing the two drugs in a slower manner, when compared to single fibers made from pure alginate, which was partly attributed to stronger interactions of drugs with dopamine-modified alginate (the core element of coaxial fibers) as observed from zeta-potential measurements. It was further shown that these drug-loaded coaxial fibers had optimal anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo using various pancreatic cancer cell lines. Most remarkably, drug loaded coaxial fibers, particularly doxorubicin-containing fibers, had higher anticancer effect in vivo compared to systemic injection of equivalent dosage of the drugs. Altogether, these biocompatible and robust hydrogel fibers may be further used as neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies for controlled delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs locally to the tumor sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Talebian
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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Schneible JD, Shi K, Young AT, Ramesh S, He N, Dowdey CE, Dubnansky JM, Lilova RL, Gao W, Santiso E, Daniele M, Menegatti S. Modified gaphene oxide (GO) particles in peptide hydrogels: a hybrid system enabling scheduled delivery of synergistic combinations of chemotherapeutics. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3852-3868. [PMID: 32219269 PMCID: PMC7945679 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00064g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The scheduled delivery of synergistic drug combinations is increasingly recognized as highly effective against advanced solid tumors. Of particular interest are composite systems that release a sequence of drugs with defined kinetics and molar ratios to enhance therapeutic effect, while minimizing the dose to patients. In this work, we developed a homogeneous composite comprising modified graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles embedded in a Max8 peptide hydrogel, which provides controlled kinetics and molar ratios of release of doxorubicin (DOX) and gemcitabine (GEM). First, modified GO nanoparticles (tGO) were designed to afford high DOX loading and sustained release (18.9% over 72 h and 31.4% over 4 weeks). Molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to model the mechanism of DOX loading as a function of surface modification. In parallel, a Max8 hydrogel was developed to release GEM with faster kinetics and achieve a 10-fold molar ratio to DOX. The selected DOX/tGO nanoparticles were suspended in a GEM/Max8 hydrogel matrix, and the resulting composite was tested against a triple negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Notably, the composite formulation afforded a combination index of 0.093 ± 0.001, indicating a much stronger synergism compared to the DOX-GEM combination co-administered in solution (CI = 0.396 ± 0.034).
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Schneible
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Kaihang Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Ashlyn T Young
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University - University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Srivatsan Ramesh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Nanfei He
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Clay E Dowdey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Jean Marie Dubnansky
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Radina L Lilova
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erik Santiso
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Michael Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University - University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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Yan J, Xu X, Zhou J, Liu C, Zhang L, Wang D, Yang F, Zhang H. Fabrication of a pH/Redox-Triggered Mesoporous Silica-Based Nanoparticle with Microfluidics for Anticancer Drugs Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel Codelivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1216-1225. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Yan
- The Center for Drug Research and Development and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong China
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Junnian Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, 212001 Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, 212001 Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- The Center for Drug Research and Development and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, 212001 Zhenjiang, P.R. China
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9
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Schneible JD, Singhal A, Lilova RL, Hall CK, Grafmüller A, Menegatti S. Tailoring the Chemical Modification of Chitosan Hydrogels to Fine-Tune the Release of a Synergistic Combination of Chemotherapeutics. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3126-3141. [PMID: 31310515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy with a defined ratio and sequence of drug release is a clinically established and effective route to treat advanced solid tumors. In this context, a growing body of literature demonstrates the potential of hydrogels constructed with chemically modified polysaccharides as depots for controlled release of chemotherapeutics. Identifying the appropriate modification in terms of physicochemical properties of the functional group and its degree of substitution (χ) to achieve the desired release profile for multiple drugs is, however, a complex multivariate problem. To address this issue, we have developed a computational toolbox that models the migration of a drug pair through a hydrated network of polysaccharide chains modified with hydrophobic moieties. In this study, we chose doxorubicin (DOX) and Gemcitabine (GEM) as model drugs, as their synergistic effect against breast cancer has been thoroughly investigated, and chitosan as the model polymer. Our model describes how the modification of chitosan chains with acetyl, butanoyl, and heptanoyl moieties at different values χ governs both the structure of the hydrogel network and drug migration through it. Our experimental data confirm the in silico predictions for both single- and dual-drug release and, most notably, the counterintuitive inversion of release vs χ that occurs when switching from a single- to a dual-drug system. Consensus between predicted and experimental data indicates that acetyl modifications (χ = 32-42%) and butanoyl modifications (χ = 19-24%) provide synergistic GEM/DOX release molar ratios (i.e., 5-10). Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of this model in guiding the design of chemotherapeutic hydrogels to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Schneible
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Ankush Singhal
- Department of Theory and Biosystems , Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam 14476 , Germany
| | - Radina L Lilova
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Carol K Hall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Andrea Grafmüller
- Department of Theory and Biosystems , Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam 14476 , Germany
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
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Hassan T, Jinho P, Hytham H. G, Masters AR, Abdel-Aleem JA, Abdelrahman SI, Abdelrahman AA, Lyle LT, Yeo Y. Development of Liposomal Gemcitabine with High Drug Loading Capacity. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2858-2871. [PMID: 31136710 PMCID: PMC6662591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely used for systemic delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to reduce their nonspecific side effects. Gemcitabine (Gem) makes a great candidate for liposomal encapsulation due to the short half-life and nonspecific side effects; however, it has been difficult to achieve liposomal Gem with high drug loading capacity. Remote loading, which uses a transmembrane pH gradient to induce an influx of drug and locks the drug in the core as a sulfate complex, does not serve Gem as efficiently as doxorubicin (Dox) due to the low p Ka value of Gem. Existing studies have attempted to improve Gem loading capacity in liposomes by employing lipophilic Gem derivatives or creating a high-concentration gradient for active loading into the hydrophilic cores (small volume loading). In this study, we combine the remote loading approach and small volume loading or hypertonic loading, a new approach to induce the influx of Gem into the preformed liposomes by high osmotic pressure, to achieve a Gem loading capacity of 9.4-10.3 wt % in contrast to 0.14-3.8 wt % of the conventional methods. Liposomal Gem showed a good stability during storage, sustained-release over 120 h in vitro, enhanced cellular uptake, and improved cytotoxicity as compared to free Gem. Liposomal Gem showed a synergistic effect with liposomal Dox on Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. A mixture of liposomal Gem and liposomal Dox delivered both drugs to the tumor more efficiently than a free drug mixture and showed a relatively good anti-tumor effect in a xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma. This study shows that bioactive liposomal Gem with high drug loading capacity can be produced by remote loading combined with additional approaches to increase drug influx into the liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamam Hassan
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Park Jinho
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gadalla Hytham H.
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Andrea R. Masters
- Clinical Pharmacology Analytical Core, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jelan A. Abdel-Aleem
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Sayed I. Abdelrahman
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Aly A. Abdelrahman
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - L. Tiffany Lyle
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Pan J, Rostamizadeh K, Filipczak N, Torchilin VP. Polymeric Co-Delivery Systems in Cancer Treatment: An Overview on Component Drugs' Dosage Ratio Effect. Molecules 2019; 24:E1035. [PMID: 30875934 PMCID: PMC6471357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors are involved in the development of cancers and their effects on survival rate. Many are related to chemo-resistance of tumor cells. Thus, treatment with a single therapeutic agent is often inadequate for successful cancer therapy. Ideally, combination therapy inhibits tumor growth through multiple pathways by enhancing the performance of each individual therapy, often resulting in a synergistic effect. Polymeric nanoparticles prepared from block co-polymers have been a popular platform for co-delivery of combinations of drugs associated with the multiple functional compartments within such nanoparticles. Various polymeric nanoparticles have been applied to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficacy in cancer therapy. However, reported drug ratios used in such systems often vary widely. Thus, the same combination of drugs may result in very different therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we investigated polymeric co-delivery systems used in cancer treatment and the drug combinations used in these systems for synergistic anti-cancer effect. Development of polymeric co-delivery systems for a maximized therapeutic effect requires a deeper understanding of the optimal ratio among therapeutic agents and the natural heterogenicity of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Pan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Kobra Rostamizadeh
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956184, Iran.
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Laboratory of Lipids and Liposomes, Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Vinciguerra D, Jacobs M, Denis S, Mougin J, Guillaneuf Y, Lazzari G, Zhu C, Mura S, Couvreur P, Nicolas J. Heterotelechelic polymer prodrug nanoparticles: Adaptability to different drug combinations and influence of the dual functionalization on the cytotoxicity. J Control Release 2019; 295:223-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Gemcitabine and betulinic acid co-encapsulated PLGA-PEG polymer nanoparticles for improved efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:764-771. [PMID: 30813082 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrated the development of gemcitabine and betulinic acid co-encapsulated PLGA-PEG polymer nanoparticles for enhancing the chemotherapeutic response. This combinatorial PLGA-PEG nanoparticle was formulated using double emulsion and had size <200 nm. The developed nanoparticles were characterized using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy for their size and shape, respectively. The in vitro release of the drugs from combinatorial nanoparticles was predominantly followed by Fickian diffusion phenomenon. Study on hemocompatibilty approved the administration of this combinatorial nanoparticle for animal study. In vitro cytotoxicity study on Panc1 cells using MTT assay, reactive oxygen species production and cellular apoptotic assay demonstrated that combinatorial nanoparticle was more cytotoxic compared to native drugs solution. Furthermore, the combinatorial nanoparticle suppressed tumor growth more efficiently in Ehrlich (solid) tumor model than the native gemcitabine and betulinic acid at the same concentrations. These findings indicated that PLGA-PEG nanoparticle might be used to co-deliver multiple chemotherapeutic drugs with different properties for enhancing antitumor efficacy.
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Vogus DR, Pusuluri A, Chen R, Mitragotri S. Schedule dependent synergy of gemcitabine and doxorubicin: Improvement of in vitro efficacy and lack of in vitro-in vivo correlation. Bioeng Transl Med 2018; 3:49-57. [PMID: 29376133 PMCID: PMC5773969 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy is commonly used to treat late stage cancer; however, treatment is often limited by systemic toxicity. Optimizing drug ratio and schedule can improve drug combination activity and reduce dose to lower toxicity. Here, we identify gemcitabine (GEM) and doxorubicin (DOX) as a synergistic drug pair in vitro for the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231. Drug synergy and caspase activity were increased the most by exposing cells to GEM prior to DOX in vitro. While the combination was more effective than the single drugs at inhibiting MDA‐MB‐231 growth in vivo, the clear schedule dependence observed in vitro was not observed in vivo. Differences in drug exposure and cellular behavior in vivo compared to in vitro are likely responsible. This study emphasizes the importance in understanding how schedule impacts drug synergy and the need to develop more advanced strategies to translate synergy to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Vogus
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara CA 93106.,John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138
| | - Anusha Pusuluri
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara CA 93106.,John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138
| | - Renwei Chen
- Center for Bioengineering University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138
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15
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Cassano D, Pocoví-Martínez S, Voliani V. Ultrasmall-in-Nano Approach: Enabling the Translation of Metal Nanomaterials to Clinics. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:4-16. [PMID: 29186662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Currently, nanomaterials are of widespread use in daily commercial products. However, the most-promising and potentially impacting application is in the medical field. In particular, nanosized noble metals hold the promise of shifting the current medical paradigms for the detection and therapy of neoplasms thanks to the: (i) localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs), (ii) high electron density, and (iii) suitability for straightforward development of all-in-one nanoplatforms. Nonetheless, there is still no clinically approved noble metal nanomaterial for cancer therapy and diagnostics. The clinical translation of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) is mainly prevented by the issue of persistence in organism after the medical action. Such persistence increases the likelihood of toxicity and the interference with common medical diagnoses. Size reduction to ultrasmall nanoparticles (USNPs) is a suitable approach to promoting metal excretion by the renal pathway. However, most of the functionalities of NPs are lost or severely altered in USNPs, jeopardizing clinical applications. A ground-breaking advance to jointly combine the appealing behaviors of NPs with metal excretion relies on the ultrasmall-in-nano approach for the design of all-in-one degradable nanoplatforms composed of USNPs. Such nanoarchitectures might lead to the delivery of a novel paradigm for nanotechnology, enabling the translation of noble metal nanomaterials to clinics to treat carcinomas in a less-invasive and more-efficient manner. This Review covers the recent progresses related to this exciting approach. The most-significant nanoarchitectures designed with the ultrasmall-in-nano approach are discussed, and perspectives on these nanoarchitectures are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Cassano
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Piazza San Silvestro 12-56126, Pisa, Italy.,NEST-Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza San Silvestro 12-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvador Pocoví-Martínez
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology , Via G. Moruzzi 1-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Voliani
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Piazza San Silvestro 12-56126, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Santiago T, DeVaux RS, Kurzatkowska K, Espinal R, Herschkowitz JI, Hepel M. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering investigation of targeted delivery and controlled release of gemcitabine. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7763-7776. [PMID: 29123391 PMCID: PMC5661449 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s149306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced and metastatic cancer forms are extremely difficult to treat and require high doses of chemotherapeutics, inadvertently affecting also healthy cells. As a result, the observed survival rates are very low. For instance, gemcitabine (GEM), one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs used for the treatment of breast and pancreatic cancers, sees only a 20% efficacy in penetrating cancer tissue, resulting in <5% survival rate in pancreatic cancer. Here, we present a method for delivering the drug that offers mitigation of side effects, as well as a targeted delivery and controlled release of the drug, improving its overall efficacy. By modifying the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with covalently bonded thiol linkers, we have immobilized GEM on the nanoparticle (NP) through a pH-sensitive amide bond. This bond prevents the drug from being metabolized or acting on tissue at physiological pH 7.4, but breaks, releasing the drug at acidic pH, characteristic of cancer cells. Further functionalization of the NP with folic acid and/or transferrin (TF) offers a targeted delivery, as cancer cells overexpress folate and TF receptors, which can mediate the endocytosis of the NP carrying the drug. Thus, through the modification of AuNPs, we have been able to produce a nanocarrier containing GEM and folate/TF ligands, which is capable of targeted controlled-release delivery of the drug, reducing the side effects of the drug and increasing its efficacy. Here, we demonstrate the pH-dependent GEM release, using an ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy to monitor the GEM loading onto the nanocarrier and follow its stimulated release. Further in vitro studies with model triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 have corroborated the utility of the proposed nanocarrier method allowing the administration of high drug doses to targeted cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Santiago
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam
| | - Rebecca Sinnott DeVaux
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Espinal
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam
| | - Jason I Herschkowitz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Maria Hepel
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam
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17
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Vogus DR, Krishnan V, Mitragotri S. A review on engineering polymer drug conjugates to improve combination chemotherapy. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Vogus DR, Evans MA, Pusuluri A, Barajas A, Zhang M, Krishnan V, Nowak M, Menegatti S, Helgeson ME, Squires TM, Mitragotri S. A hyaluronic acid conjugate engineered to synergistically and sequentially deliver gemcitabine and doxorubicin to treat triple negative breast cancer. J Control Release 2017; 267:191-202. [PMID: 28823957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy is commonly used to treat advanced breast cancer. However, treatment success is often limited due to systemic toxicity. To improve therapeutic efficacy, polymer drug conjugates carrying synergistic pairs of chemotherapy drugs can be used to reduce drug administration dose. Here, we systematically evaluated the effect of temporal scheduling of doxorubicin (DOX) and gemcitabine (GEM) on drug synergy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) drug conjugates with distinct linkers conjugating both DOX and GEM were synthesized to control relative release kinetics of each drug. We show that polymer conjugates that release GEM faster than DOX are more effective at killing triple negative breast cancer cells in vitro. We further show that the optimal dual drug conjugate more effectively inhibits the growth of an aggressive, orthotopic 4T1 tumor model in vivo than free DOX and GEM and the single drug HA conjugates. The dual drug HA conjugate can inhibit 4T1 tumor growth in vivo during treatment through both intravenous and non-local subcutaneous injections. These results emphasize the importance of understanding the effect release rates have on the efficacy of synergistic drug carriers and motivate the use of HA as a delivery platform for multiple cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Vogus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Michael A Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Anusha Pusuluri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Alexandra Barajas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Mengwen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Vinu Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Maksymilian Nowak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Matthew E Helgeson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Todd M Squires
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
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19
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Surwase SS, Munot NM, Idage BB, Idage SB. Tailoring the properties of mPEG-PLLA nanoparticles for better encapsulation and tuned release of the hydrophilic anticancer drug. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 7:416-427. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Parsian M, Mutlu P, Yalcin S, Tezcaner A, Gunduz U. Half generations magnetic PAMAM dendrimers as an effective system for targeted gemcitabine delivery. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:104-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Dubey RD, Saneja A, Gupta PK, Gupta PN. Recent advances in drug delivery strategies for improved therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 93:147-62. [PMID: 27531553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine; dFdC) is an efficacious anticancer agent acting against a wide range of solid tumors, including pancreatic, non-small cell lung, bladder, breast, ovarian, thyroid and multiple myelomas. However, short plasma half-life due to metabolism by cytidine deaminase necessitates administration of high dose, which limits its medical applicability. Further, due to its hydrophilic nature, it cannot traverse cell membranes by passive diffusion and, therefore, enters via nucleoside transporters that may lead to drug resistance. To circumvent these limitations, macromolecular prodrugs and nanocarrier-based formulations of Gemcitabine are gaining wide recognition. The nanoformulations based approaches by virtue of their controlled release and targeted delivery have proved to improve bioavailability, increase therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects of the drug. Furthermore, the combination of Gemcitabine with other anticancer agents as well as siRNAs using nanocarriers has also been investigated in order to enhance its therapeutic potential. This review deals with challenges and recent advances in the delivery of Gemcitabine with particular emphasis on macromolecular prodrugs and nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Dhar Dubey
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi 180001, India
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi 180001, India
| | - Prasoon K Gupta
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi 180001, India.
| | - Prem N Gupta
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi 180001, India.
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22
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Gad A, Kydd J, Piel B, Rai P. Targeting Cancer using Polymeric Nanoparticle mediated Combination Chemotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2. [PMID: 28042613 PMCID: PMC5193385 DOI: 10.16966/2470-3206.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer forms exhibiting poor prognosis have been extensively researched for therapeutic solutions. One of the conventional modes of treatment, chemotherapy shows inadequacy in its methodology due to imminent side-effects and acquired drug-resistance by cancer cells. However, advancements in nanotechnology have opened new frontiers to significantly alleviate collateral damage caused by current treatments via innovative delivery techniques, eliminating pitfalls encountered in conventional treatments. Properties like reduced drug-clearance and increased dose efficacy by the enhanced permeability and retention effect deem nanoparticles suitable for this application. Optimization of size, surface charge and surface modifications have provided nanoparticles with stealth properties capable of evading immune responses, thus deeming them as excellent carriers of chemotherapeutic agents. Biocompatible and biodegradable forms of polymers enhance the bioavailability of chemotherapeutic agents, and permit a sustained and time-dependent release of drugs which is a characteristic of their composition, thereby providing a controlled therapeutic approach. Studies conducted in vitro and animal models have also demonstrated a synergism in cytotoxicity given the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs when administered in combination providing promising results. Combination therapy has also shown implications in overcoming multiple-drug resistance, which can however be subdued by the adaptable nature of tumor microenvironment. Surface modifications with targeting moieties can therefore feasibly increase nanoparticle uptake by specific receptor-ligand interactions, increasing dose efficacy which can seemingly overcome drug-resistance. This article reviews recent trends and investigations in employing polymeric nanoparticles for effectively delivering combination chemotherapy, and modifications in delivery parameters enhancing dose efficacy, thus validating the potential in this approach for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Gad
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA
| | - Janel Kydd
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA
| | - Brandon Piel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell-1 University Ave, USA
| | - Prakash Rai
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell-1 University Ave, USA
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23
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Protein-gold clusters-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles for high drug loading, autonomous gemcitabine/doxorubicin co-delivery, and in-vivo tumor imaging. J Control Release 2016; 229:183-191. [PMID: 27016140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Functional nanocarriers capable of transporting high drug contents without premature leakage and to controllably deliver several drugs are needed for better cancer treatments. To address this clinical need, gold cluster bovine serum albumin (AuNC@BSA) nanogates were engineered on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) for high drug loadings and co-delivery of two different anticancer drugs. The first drug, gemcitabine (GEM, 40wt%), was loaded in positively-charged ammonium-functionalized MSN (MSN-NH3(+)). The second drug, doxorubicin (DOX, 32wt%), was bound with negatively-charged AuNC@BSA electrostatically-attached onto MSN-NH3(+), affording highly loaded pH-responsive MSN-AuNC@BSA nanocarriers. The co-delivery of DOX and GEM was achieved for the first time via an inorganic nanocarrier, possessing a zero-premature leakage behavior as well as drug loading capacities seven times higher than polymersome NPs. Besides, unlike the majority of strategies used to cap the pores of MSN, AuNC@BSA nanogates are biotools and were applied for targeted red nuclear staining and in-vivo tumor imaging. The straightforward non-covalent combination of MSN and gold-protein cluster bioconjugates thus leads to a simple, yet multifunctional nanotheranostic for the next generation of cancer treatments.
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24
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Anajafi T, Scott MD, You S, Yang X, Choi Y, Qian SY, Mallik S. Acridine Orange Conjugated Polymersomes for Simultaneous Nuclear Delivery of Gemcitabine and Doxorubicin to Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:762-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Anajafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Michael D. Scott
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Seungyong You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Yongki Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Steven Y. Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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25
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Wang XB, Zhou HY. Molecularly targeted gemcitabine-loaded nanoparticulate system towards the treatment of EGFR overexpressing lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 70:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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26
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Mechanisms Underlying Cytotoxicity Induced by Engineered Nanomaterials: A Review of In Vitro Studies. NANOMATERIALS 2014; 4:454-484. [PMID: 28344232 PMCID: PMC5304664 DOI: 10.3390/nano4020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials are emerging functional materials with technologically interesting properties and a wide range of promising applications, such as drug delivery devices, medical imaging and diagnostics, and various other industrial products. However, concerns have been expressed about the risks of such materials and whether they can cause adverse effects. Studies of the potential hazards of nanomaterials have been widely performed using cell models and a range of in vitro approaches. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive and critical literature overview on current in vitro toxicity test methods that have been applied to determine the mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic effects induced by the nanostructures. The small size, surface charge, hydrophobicity and high adsorption capacity of nanomaterial allow for specific interactions within cell membrane and subcellular organelles, which in turn could lead to cytotoxicity through a range of different mechanisms. Finally, aggregating the given information on the relationships of nanomaterial cytotoxic responses with an understanding of its structure and physicochemical properties may promote the design of biologically safe nanostructures.
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27
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Multifunctional polymersomes for cytosolic delivery of gemcitabine and doxorubicin to cancer cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6482-97. [PMID: 24797878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although liposomes are widely used as carriers of drugs and imaging agents, they suffer from a lack of stability and the slow release of the encapsulated contents at the targeted site. Polymersomes (vesicles of amphiphilic polymers) are considerably more stable compared to liposomes; however, they also demonstrate a slow release for the encapsulated contents, limiting their efficacy as a drug-delivery tool. As a solution, we prepared and characterized echogenic polymersomes, which are programmed to release the encapsulated drugs rapidly when incubated with cytosolic concentrations of glutathione. These vesicles encapsulated air bubbles inside and efficiently reflected diagnostic-frequency ultrasound. Folate-targeted polymersomes showed an enhanced uptake by breast and pancreatic-cancer cells in a monolayer as well as in three-dimensional spheroid cultures. Polymersomes encapsulated with the anticancer drugs gemcitabine and doxorubicin showed significant cytotoxicity to these cells. With further improvements, these vesicles hold the promise to serve as multifunctional nanocarriers, offering a triggered release as well as diagnostic ultrasound imaging.
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