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Sikora M, Wąsik S, Semaniak J, Drulis-Kawa Z, Wiśniewska-Wrona M, Arabski M. Chitosan-based matrix as a carrier for bacteriophages. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:6. [PMID: 38165478 PMCID: PMC10761466 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process where infection prevention is essential. Chitosan, thanks to its bactericidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as anti-inflammatory and hemostatic properties, is an excellent candidate to design dressings for difficult-to-heal wound treatment. The great advantage of this biopolymer is its capacity to be chemically modified, which allows for the production of various functional forms, depending on the needs and subsequent use. Moreover, chitosan can be an excellent polymer matrix for bacteriophage (phage) packing as a novel alternative/supportive antibacterial therapy approach. This study is focused on the preparation and characteristics of chitosan-based material in the form of a film with the addition of Pseudomonas lytic phages (KTN4, KT28, and LUZ19), which would exhibit antibacterial activity as a potential dressing that accelerates the wound healing. We investigated the method of producing a polymer based on microcrystalline chitosan (MKCh) to serve as the matrix for phage deposition. We described some important parameters such as average molar mass, swelling capacity, surface morphology, phage release profile, and antibacterial activity tested in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial model. The chitosan polysaccharide turned out to interact with phage particles immobilizing them within a material matrix. Nevertheless, with the high hydrophilicity and swelling features of the prepared material, the external solution of bacterial culture was absorbed and phages went in direct contact with bacteria causing their lysis in the polymer matrix. KEY POINTS: • A novel chitosan-based matrix with the addition of active phages was prepared • Phage interactions with the chitosan matrix were determined as electrostatic • Phages in the matrix work through direct contact with the bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sikora
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
- Lukasiewicz Research Network-Lodz Institute of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wąsik
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
- Central Office of Measures, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Semaniak
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
- Central Office of Measures, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Arabski
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland.
- Central Office of Measures, Warsaw, Poland.
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Narayanan KB, Bhaskar R, Han SS. Bacteriophages: Natural antimicrobial bioadditives for food preservation in active packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133945. [PMID: 39029821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Developing innovative films and coatings is paramount for extending the shelf life of numerous food products and augmenting the barrier and antimicrobial properties of food packaging materials. Many synthetic chemicals used in active packaging and food storage have the potential to leach into food, posing long-term health risks. It is imperative for active packaging materials to inherently possess biological protective properties to ensure food quality and safety throughout its storage. Bacteriophages, or simply phages, are bacteria-eating viruses that serve as promising natural biocontrol agents and antimicrobial bioadditives in food packaging materials, specifically targeting bacterial foodborne pathogens. These phages are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory authorities for food safety applications. They exhibit targeted action against various Gram-positive and -negative foodborne pathogens, including Bacillus spp., Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Vibrio spp., associated with foodborne spoilage and illness without affecting the beneficial microbes. Phage cocktails can be applied directly on food surfaces, incorporated into food packaging materials, or utilized during food processing treatments. Unlike chemical agents, phage activity increases proportionally with the rise in pathogenic bacterial populations. Researchers are exploring various packaging materials to deliver phages with broad host range, stability, and viability ensuring their effectiveness in safeguarding various food systems. The effectiveness of phage immobilization or encapsulation on active food packaging materials depends on various factors, including the characteristics of polymers, the choice of solvents, the type of phage, and its loading efficiency. Factors such as the orientation of phage immobilization on substrates, pH, temperature, exposure to carbohydrates and amino acids, exopolysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, and metals can also influence phage activity. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the various active packaging systems utilizing bacteriophages as natural biocontrols and antimicrobial bioadditives to reduce the incidence of foodborne illness and enhance consumer confidence in the safety of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Badri Narayanan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea.
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea.
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3
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Yaparatne S, Morón-López J, Bouchard D, Garcia-Segura S, Apul OG. Nanobubble applications in aquaculture industry for improving harvest yield, wastewater treatment, and disease control. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172687. [PMID: 38663593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The ever-growing demand for aquaculture has led the industry to seek novel approaches for more sustainable practices. These attempts aim to increase aquaculture yield by increasing energy efficiency and decreasing footprint and chemical demand without compromising animal health. For this, emerging nanobubbles (NBs) aeration technology gained attention. NBs are gas-filled pockets suspended as sphere-like cavities (bulk NBs) or attached to surfaces (surface NBs) with diameters of <1 μm. Compared to macro and microbubbles, NBs have demonstrated unique characteristics such as long residence times in water, higher gas mass transfer efficiency, and hydroxyl radical production. This paper focuses on reviewing NB technology in aquaculture systems by summarizing and discussing uses and implications. Three focus areas were targeted to review the applicability and effects of NBs in aquaculture: (i) NBs aeration to improve the aquaculture harvest yield and subsequent wastewater treatment; (ii) NB application for inactivation of harmful microorganisms; and (iii) NBs for reducing oxidative stress and improving animal health. Thus, this study reviews the research studies published in the last 10 years in which air, oxygen, ozone, and hydrogen NBs were tested to improve gas mass transfer, wastewater treatment, and control of pathogenic microorganisms. The experimental results indicated that air and oxygen NBs yield significantly higher productivity, growth rate, total harvest, survival rate, and less oxygen consumption in fish and shrimp farming. Secondly, the application of air and ozone NBs demonstrated the ability of efficient pollutant degradation. Third, NB application demonstrated effective control of infectious bacteria and viruses, and thus increased fish survival, as well as different gene expression patterns that induce immune responses to infections. Reviewed studies lack robust comparative analyses of the efficacy of macro- and microbubble treatments. Also, potential health and safety implications, as well as economic feasibility through factors such as changes in capital infrastructure, routine maintenance and energy consumption need to be considered and evaluated in parallel to applicability. Therefore, even with a promising future, further studies are needed to confirm the benefits of NB treatment versus conventional aquaculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheera Yaparatne
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States
| | - Jesús Morón-López
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Deborah Bouchard
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States
| | - Sergi Garcia-Segura
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Onur G Apul
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States.
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Meng X, Xu Z, Wang C, Patitz J, Boccaccini AR, Burkovski A, Zheng K. Surface engineering of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles with bacteriophages for enhanced antibacterial activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113714. [PMID: 38128358 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Binary SiO2-CaO mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) are multifunctional biomaterials able to promote osteogenic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory activities. MBGNs have been applied in a variety of tissue regeneration strategies. However, MBGNs lack strong antibacterial activity and current strategies (loading of antibacterial ions or antibiotics) toward enhanced antibacterial activity may cause cytotoxicity or antibiotic resistance. Here we engineered MBGNs using bacteriophages (phages) to enhance the antibacterial activity. Salmonella Typhimurium (S. T) phage PFPV25.1 that can infect Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2 was used as a model phage to engineer MBGNs. MBGNs were first modified with amine groups to enhance the affinity between phages and MBGNs surfaces. Afterward, the physicochemical and antibacterial activity of phage-engineered MBGNs was evaluated. The results showed that S. T phage PFPV25.1 was successfully bound onto MBGNs surfaces without losing their bioactivity. A higher quantity of phages could be bounded onto amine-functionalized MBGNs than onto non-functionalized MBGNs. Phages on amine-functionalized MBGNs exhibited higher antibacterial activity. The stability test showed that phages could remain on amine-functionalized MBGNs for over 28 days. This work provides valuable information on developing phage-modified MBGNs as a new and effective antibacterial system for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Meng
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; School of Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266024, China
| | - Zhiyan Xu
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chen Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jennifer Patitz
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Zheng
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Narayanan KB, Bhaskar R, Choi SM, Han SS. Development of carrageenan-immobilized lytic coliphage vB_Eco2571-YU1 hydrogel for topical delivery of bacteriophages in wound dressing applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129349. [PMID: 38219934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are employed as cost-effective and efficient antibacterial agents to counter the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and other host bacteria in phage therapy. The increasing incidence of skin wounds is a significant concern in clinical practice, especially considering the limitations of antibiotic therapy. Furthermore, the lack of an effective delivery system that preserves the stability of bacteriophages hampers their clinical implementation. In recent years, there has been a growing amount of research on bacteriophage applications in veterinary and biomedical sciences. In our study, lytic coliphage vB_Eco2571-YU1 was isolated against pathogenic Escherichia coli host bacteria, and hydrogel wound dressing materials were fabricated with marine polysaccharide carrageenan (carr-vB_Eco2571-YU1) for their antibacterial activity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) morphology identified it as a Myoviridae coliphage with an icosahedral head length and width of approximately 60 and 56.8 nm, respectively, and a tail length of 119.7 nm. The one-step growth curve of coliphage revealed a latent period of 10 min, a rise period of 15 min, and a burst size of 120 virions per cell. The bacteriolytic activity of unimmobilized coliphages was observed within 2 h; however, strain-specific phage resistance was acquired after 9 h. In contrast, carr-vB_Eco2571-YU1 showed a sharp decline in the growth of bacteria in the log phase after 2 h and did not allow for the acquisition of phage resistance by the E. coli strain. The stability of coliphage under different pH, temperature, osmolarity, detergents, and organic solvents was evaluated. We also studied the long-term storage of carr-vB_Eco2571-YU1 hydrogels at 4 °C and found that the titer value decreased during a time-dependent period of 28 days. These hydrogels were also found to be hemocompatible using a hemolysis assay. The addition of plasticizer (0.6 % (w/v)) to the carrageenan (2 % (w/v)) to prepare carr-vB_Eco2571-YU1 hydrogels showed a decrease in compressive strength with enhanced elasticity. This phage therapy using polymeric immobilization of bacteriophages is a promising next-generation wound dressing biomaterial alternative to conventional wound and skin care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Badri Narayanan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea.
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Soon Mo Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea.
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6
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Nasr-Eldin MA, Gamal E, Hazza M, Abo-Elmaaty SA. Isolation, characterization, and application of lytic bacteriophages for controlling Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) in pasteurized milk and yogurt. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:911-924. [PMID: 37184760 PMCID: PMC10689537 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Reducing bacterial pathogen contamination not only improves overall global public health but also diminishes food waste and loss. The use of lytic bacteriophages (phages) that infect and kill bacteria could be a beneficial tool for suppressing bacterial growth during dairy products storage time. Four Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) complex isolates which were previously isolated from contaminated dairy products were used to identify lytic phages in wastewater. Phages specific to multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. cloacae complex 6AS1 were isolated from local sewage. Two novel phages vB_EclM-EP1 and vB_EclM-EP2 were identified as myoviral particles and have double-stranded DNA genome. Their host range and lytic capabilities were detected using spot test and efficiency of plating (EOP) against several bacterial isolates. The phages had a latent period of 30 min, and a large burst size of about 100 and 142 PFU/cell for vB_EclM-EP1 and vB_EclM-EP2, respectively. Both phages were viable at pH ranging 5-9 and stable at 70 °C for 60 min. The individual phages and their cocktail preparations (vB_EclM-EP1 and vB_EclM-EP2) reduced and inhibited the growth of E. cloacae complex 6AS1 during challenge test in milk and yogurt samples. These results indicate that the E. cloacae complex-specific phages (vB_EclM-EP1 and vB_EclM-EP2) have a potential application as microbicidal agents in packaged milk and milk derivatives during storage time. In addition, our environment is a rich sources of lytic phages which have potential use in eliminating multidrug-resistant isolates in food industry as well as in biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Nasr-Eldin
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13511, Egypt.
| | - Eman Gamal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hazza
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13511, Egypt
| | - Sabah A Abo-Elmaaty
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13511, Egypt
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Malik DJ, Goncalves-Ribeiro H, GoldSchmitt D, Collin J, Belkhiri A, Fernandes D, Weichert H, Kirpichnikova A. Advanced Manufacturing, Formulation and Microencapsulation of Therapeutic Phages. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S370-S383. [PMID: 37932112 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Manufacturing and formulation of stable, high purity, and high dose bacteriophage drug products (DPs) suitable for clinical usage would benefit from improved process monitoring and control of critical process parameters that affect product quality attributes. Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) for both upstream (USP) and downstream processes (DSP) need mapping of critical process parameters (CPP) and linking these to critical quality attributes (CQA) to ensure quality and consistency of phage drug substance (DS) and DPs development. Single-use technologies are increasingly becoming the go-to manufacturing option with benefits both for phage bioprocess development at the engineering run research stage and for final manufacture of the phage DS. Future phage DPs under clinical development will benefit from implementation of process analytical technologies (PAT) for better process monitoring and control. These are increasingly being used to improve process robustness (to reduce batch-to-batch variability) and productivity (yielding high phage titers). Precise delivery of stable phage DPs that are suitably formulated as liquids, gels, solid-oral dosage forms, and so forth, could significantly enhance efficacy of phage therapy outcomes. Pre-clinical development of phage DPs must include at an early stage of development, considerations for their formulation including their characterization of physiochemical properties (size, charge, etc.), buffer pH and osmolality, compatibility with regulatory approved excipients, storage stability (packaging, temperature, humidity, etc.), ease of application, patient compliance, ease of manufacturability using scalable manufacturing unit operations, cost, and regulatory requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish J Malik
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dirk GoldSchmitt
- Division of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Collin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Aouatif Belkhiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Fernandes
- Nanomaterials Characterisation, Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Weichert
- Process Analytical Technology, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Germany
| | - Anya Kirpichnikova
- Division of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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Kim MJ, Bae HE, Kwon S, Park MK, Yong D, Kang MJ, Pyun JC. Phage-targeting bimetallic nanoplasmonic biochip functionalized with bacterial outer membranes as a biorecognition element. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 238:115598. [PMID: 37597282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of phages-a natural predator of bacteria-has emerged as a therapeutic strategy for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections; thus, the isolation and detection of phages from the environment is crucial for advancing phage therapy. Herein, for the first time, we propose a nanoplasmonic-based biodetection platform for phages that utilizes bacterial outer membranes (OMs) as a biorecognition element. Conventional biosensors based on phage-bacteria interactions encounter multiple challenges due to the bacteriolytic phages and potentially toxic bacteria, resulting in instability and risk in the measurement. Therefore, instead of whole living bacteria, we employ a safe biochemical OMs fraction presenting phage-specific receptors, allowing the robust and reliable phage detection. In addition, the biochip is constructed on bimetallic nanoplasmonic islands through solid-state dewetting for synergy between Au and Ag, whereby sensitive detection of phage-OMs interactions is achieved by monitoring the absorption peak shift. For high detection performance, the nanoplasmonic chip is optimized by systematically investigating the morphological features, e.g., size and packing density of the nanoislands. Using our optimized device, phages are detected with high sensitivity (≥∼104 plaques), specificity (little cross-reactivity), and affinity (stronger binding to the host OMs than anti-bacterial antibodies), further exhibiting the cell-killing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Ju Kim
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Bae
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Soonil Kwon
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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9
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Carmody CM, Nugen SR. Monomeric streptavidin phage display allows efficient immobilization of bacteriophages on magnetic particles for the capture, separation, and detection of bacteria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16207. [PMID: 37758721 PMCID: PMC10533843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilization of bacteriophages onto solid supports such as magnetic particles has demonstrated ultralow detection limits as biosensors for the separation and detection of their host bacteria. While the potential impact of magnetized phages is high, the current methods of immobilization are either weak, costly, inefficient, or laborious making them less viable for commercialization. In order to bridge this gap, we have developed a highly efficient, site-specific, and low-cost method to immobilize bacteriophages onto solid supports. While streptavidin-biotin represents an ideal conjugation method, the functionalization of magnetic particles with streptavidin requires square meters of coverage and therefore is not amenable to a low-cost assay. Here, we genetically engineered bacteriophages to allow synthesis of a monomeric streptavidin during infection of the bacterial host. The monomeric streptavidin was fused to a capsid protein (Hoc) to allow site-specific self-assembly of up to 155 fusion proteins per capsid. Biotin coated magnetic nanoparticles were functionalized with mSA-Hoc T4 phage demonstrated in an E. coli detection assay with a limit of detection of < 10 CFU in 100 mLs of water. This work highlights the creation of genetically modified bacteriophages with a novel capsid modification, expanding the potential for bacteriophage functionalized biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Carmody
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sam R Nugen
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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10
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Marcut L, Manescu Paltanea V, Antoniac A, Paltanea G, Robu A, Mohan AG, Grosu E, Corneschi I, Bodog AD. Antimicrobial Solutions for Endotracheal Tubes in Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5034. [PMID: 37512308 PMCID: PMC10386556 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia is one of the most frequently encountered hospital infections and is an essential issue in the healthcare field. It is usually linked to a high mortality rate and prolonged hospitalization time. There is a lack of treatment, so alternative solutions must be continuously sought. The endotracheal tube is an indwelling device that is a significant culprit for ventilator-associated pneumonia because its surface can be colonized by different types of pathogens, which generate a multispecies biofilm. In the paper, we discuss the definition of ventilator-associated pneumonia, the economic burdens, and its outcomes. Then, we present the latest technological solutions for endotracheal tube surfaces, such as active antimicrobial coatings, passive coatings, and combinatorial methods, with examples from the literature. We end our analysis by identifying the gaps existing in the present research and investigating future possibilities that can decrease ventilator-associated pneumonia cases and improve patient comfort during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Marcut
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, RO-410073 Oradea, Romania
- Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Emergency Hospital Oradea, 65 Gheorghe Doja Street, RO-410169 Oradea, Romania
| | - Veronica Manescu Paltanea
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Paltanea
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Robu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurel George Mohan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, RO-410073 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital Oradea, 65 Gheorghe Doja Street, RO-410169 Oradea, Romania
| | - Elena Grosu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana Corneschi
- Romfire Protect Solutions SRL, 39 Drumul Taberei, RO-061359 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alin Danut Bodog
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, RO-410073 Oradea, Romania
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Lee HE, Jeon YB, Chin BA, Lee SH, Lee HJ, Park MK. Performance of wild, tailed, humidity-robust phage on a surface-scanning magnetoelastic biosensor for Salmonella Typhimurium detection. Food Chem 2023; 409:135239. [PMID: 36584528 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A wild, tailed phage (TST) was compared with a genetically modified, filamentous phage (FST) for S. Typhimurium (ST) detection. When both phages were introduced into oppositely charged MUA and MUAM sensors, the RU values of TST showed an obvious increase on the MUAM sensor. The sensitivity of TST [54.78 ΔRU/(log PFU/mL)] was greater than that of FST [48.05 ΔRU/(log PFU/mL)]. The binding affinity (KD = 1.75 × 10-13 M) of TST on MUAM sensor was greater than that of FST. Both phages were specific to only ST, and TST exhibited a persistent binding capability at 50 % RH. When each phage-immobilized sensor was employed on chili pepper, the sensitivity [880.80 Hz/(log CFU/mL)] and detection limit (1.31 ± 0.27 log CFU/mL) of TST were significantly greater than those of FST. The orientation of TST on sensor promoted the uniform capture of bacteria and enhanced the reliable performance of a surface-scanning magnetoelastic biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Eun Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Bin Jeon
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bryan A Chin
- Department of Materials Engineering, and Material Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sang Hyuk Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Alves D, Grainha T, Pereira MO, Lopes SP. Antimicrobial materials for endotracheal tubes: A review on the last two decades of technological progress. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:32-55. [PMID: 36632877 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an unresolved problem in nosocomial settings, remaining consistently associated with a lack of treatment, high mortality, and prolonged hospital stay. The endotracheal tube (ETT) is the major culprit for VAP development owing to its early surface microbial colonization and biofilm formation by multiple pathogens, both critical events for VAP pathogenesis and relapses. To combat this matter, gradual research on antimicrobial ETT surface coating/modification approaches has been made. This review provides an overview of the relevance and implications of the ETT bioburden for VAP pathogenesis and how technological research on antimicrobial materials for ETTs has evolved. Firstly, certain main VAP attributes (definition/categorization; outcomes; economic impact) were outlined, highlighting the issues in defining/diagnosing VAP that often difficult VAP early- and late-onset differentiation, and that generate misinterpretations in VAP surveillance and discrepant outcomes. The central role of the ETT microbial colonization and subsequent biofilm formation as fundamental contributors to VAP pathogenesis was then underscored, in parallel with the uncovering of the polymicrobial ecosystem of VAP-related infections. Secondly, the latest technological developments (reported since 2002) on materials able to endow the ETT surface with active antimicrobial and/or passive antifouling properties were annotated, being further subject to critical scrutiny concerning their potentialities and/or constraints in reducing ETT bioburden and the risk of VAP while retaining/improving the safety of use. Taking those gaps/challenges into consideration, we discussed potential avenues that may assist upcoming advances in the field to tackle VAP rampant rates and improve patient care. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The use of the endotracheal tube (ETT) in patients requiring mechanical ventilation is associated with the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Its rapid surface colonization and biofilm formation are critical events for VAP pathogenesis and relapses. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the relevance/implications of the ETT biofilm in VAP, and on how research on antimicrobial ETT surface coating/modification technology has evolved over the last two decades. Despite significant technological advances, the limited number of gathered reports (46), highlights difficulty in overcoming certain hurdles associated with VAP (e.g., persistent colonization/biofilm formation; mechanical ventilation duration; hospital length of stay; VAP occurrence), which makes this an evolving, complex, and challenging matter. Challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Alves
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Grainha
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Susana Patrícia Lopes
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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13
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Effect of the Biopolymer Carrier on Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophage Lytic Activity. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121875. [PMID: 36551303 PMCID: PMC9775117 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of implant materials is always associated with the risk of infection. Moreover, the effectiveness of antibiotics is reduced due to antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Thus, selecting the appropriate alternative antimicrobials for local delivery systems is correlated with successful infection management. We evaluated immobilization of the S. aureus specific bacteriophages in clinically recognized biopolymers, i.e., chitosan and alginate, to control the release profile of the antimicrobials. The high-titre S. aureus specific bacteriophages were prepared from commercial bacteriophage cocktails. The polymer mixtures with the propagated bacteriophages were then prepared. The stability of the S. aureus bacteriophages in the biopolymer solutions was assessed. In the case of chitosan, no plaques indicating the presence of the lytic bacteriophages were observed. The titre reduction of the S. aureus bacteriophages in the Na-alginate was below 1 log unit. Furthermore, the bacteriophages retained their lytic activity in the alginate after crosslinking with Ca2+ ions. The release of the lytic S. aureus bacteriophages from the Ca-alginate matrices in the TRIS-HCl buffer solution (pH 7.4 ± 0.2) was determined. After 72 h-0.292 ± 0.021% of bacteriophages from the Ca-alginate matrices were released. Thus, sustained release of the lytic S. aureus bacteriophages can be ensured.
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14
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Meng L, Yang F, Pang Y, Cao Z, Wu F, Yan D, Liu J. Nanocapping-enabled charge reversal generates cell-enterable endosomal-escapable bacteriophages for intracellular pathogen inhibition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2005. [PMID: 35857522 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are widely explored as antimicrobials for treating infectious diseases due to their specificity and potency to infect and inhibit host bacteria. However, the application of phages to inhibit intracellular pathogens has been greatly restricted by inadequacy in cell entry and endosomal escape. Here, we describe the use of cationic polymers to selectively cap negatively charged phage head rather than positively charged tail by electrostatic interaction, resulting in charge-reversed phages with uninfluenced vitality. Given the positive surface charge and proton sponge effect of the nanocapping, capped phages are able to enter intestinal epithelial cells and subsequently escape from endosomes to lyse harbored pathogens. In a murine model of intestinal infection, oral ingestion of capped phages significantly reduces the translocation of pathogens to major organs, showing a remarkable inhibition efficacy. Our work proposes that simple synthetic nanocapping can manipulate phage bioactivity, offering a facile platform for preparing next-generation antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fengmin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yan Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhenping Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Deyue Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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15
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Nanoparticles Influence Lytic Phage T4-like Performance In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137179. [PMID: 35806179 PMCID: PMC9266768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about interactions of non-filamentous, complex-structured lytic phages and free, non-ordered nanoparticles. Emerging questions about their possible bio-sanitization co-applications or predictions of possible contact effects in the environment require testing. Therefore, we revealed the influence of various nanoparticles (NPs; SiO2, TiO2-SiO2, TiO2, Fe3O4, Fe3O4-SiO2 and SiO2-Fe3O4-TiO2) on a T4-like phage. In great detail, we investigated phage plaque-forming ability, phage lytic performance, phage progeny burst times and titers by the eclipse phase determinations. Additionally, it was proved that TEM micrographs and results of NP zeta potentials (ZP) were crucial to explain the obtained microbiological data. We propose that the mere presence of the nanoparticle charge is not sufficient for the phage to attach specifically to the NPs, consequently influencing the phage performance. The zeta potential values in the NPs are of the greatest influence. The threshold values were established at ZP < −35 (mV) for phage tail binding, and ZP > 35 (mV) for phage head binding. When NPs do not meet these requirements, phage−nanoparticle physical interaction becomes nonspecific. We also showed that NPs altered the phage lytic activity, regardless of the used NP concentration. Most of the tested nanoparticles positively influenced the phage lytic performance, except for SiO2 and Fe3O4-SiO2, with a ZP lower than −35 (mV), binding with the phage infective part—the tail.
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16
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Ultrafast and Multiplexed Bacteriophage Susceptibility Testing by Surface Plasmon Resonance and Phase Imaging of Immobilized Phage Microarrays. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the context of bacteriophage (phage) therapy, there is an urgent need for a method permitting multiplexed, parallel phage susceptibility testing (PST) prior to the formulation of personalized phage cocktails for administration to patients suffering from antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections. Methods based on surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and phase imaging were demonstrated as candidates for very rapid (<2 h) PST in the broth phase. Biosensing layers composed of arrays of phages 44AHJD, P68, and gh-1 were covalently immobilized on the surface of an SPRi prism and exposed to liquid culture of either Pseudomonas putida or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (i.e., either the phages’ host or non-host bacteria). Monitoring of reflectivity reveals susceptibility of the challenge bacteria to the immobilized phage strains. Investigation of phase imaging of lytic replication of gh-1 demonstrates PST at the single-cell scale, without requiring phage immobilization. SPRi sensorgrams show that on-target regions increase in reflectivity more slowly, stabilizing later and to a lower level compared to off-target regions. Phage susceptibility can be revealed in as little as 30 min in both the SPRi and phase imaging methods.
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17
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Nair A, Ghugare GS, Khairnar K. An Appraisal of Bacteriophage Isolation Techniques from Environment. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:519-535. [PMID: 34136953 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have recently renewed interest in bacteriophages. Being valuable models for the study of eukaryotic viruses, and more importantly, natural killers of bacteria, bacteriophages are being tapped for their potential role in multiple applications. Bacteriophages are also being increasingly sought for bacteriophage therapy due to rising antimicrobial resistance among pathogens. Reports show that there is an increasing trend in therapeutic application of natural bacteriophages, genetically engineered bacteriophages, and bacteriophage-encoded products as antimicrobial agents. In view of these applications, the isolation and characterization of bacteriophages from the environment has caught attention. In this review, various methods for isolation of bacteriophages from environmental sources like water, soil, and air are comprehensively described. The review also draws attention towards a handful on-field bacteriophage isolation techniques and the need for their further rapid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Nair
- Environmental Virology Cell, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gaurav S Ghugare
- Environmental Virology Cell, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Krishna Khairnar
- Environmental Virology Cell, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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18
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Recent Mitigation Strategies in Engineered Health Care Materials Towards Antimicrobial Applications. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Leader A, Molad O, Dombrovsky A, Reches M, Mandler D. Interactions of Microorganisms with Lipid Langmuir Layers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10340-10347. [PMID: 34461726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Preventing microbial contamination of aquatic environments is crucial for the proper supply of drinking water. Hence, understanding the interactions that govern bacterial and virus adsorption to surfaces is crucial to prevent infection transmittance. Here, we describe a new approach for studying the organization and interactions of various microorganisms, namely, Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, E. coli-specific bacteriophage T4, and plant cucumber green mottle mosaic viruses (CGMMV), at the air/water interface using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. CGMMV were found as applicable candidates for further studying their interactions with Langmuir lipid monolayers. The zwitterionic, positively, and negatively charged LB lipid monolayers with adsorbed viruses were deposited onto solid supports and characterized by atomic force microscopy. Using polymerase chain reaction, we indicated that the adsorption of CGMMV onto the LB monolayer is a result of electrostatic interactions. These insights are useful in engineering membrane filters that prevent biofouling for efficient purification systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avia Leader
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Edmond Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ori Molad
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Edmond Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159 Rishon LeZion, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Aviv Dombrovsky
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159 Rishon LeZion, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Meital Reches
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Edmond Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Daniel Mandler
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Edmond Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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20
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O'Connell L, Marcoux PR, Roupioz Y. Strategies for Surface Immobilization of Whole Bacteriophages: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1987-2014. [PMID: 34038088 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophage immobilization is a key unit operation in emerging biotechnologies, enabling new possibilities for biodetection of pathogenic microbes at low concentration, production of materials with novel antimicrobial properties, and fundamental research on bacteriophages themselves. Wild type bacteriophages exhibit extreme binding specificity for a single species, and often for a particular subspecies, of bacteria. Since their specificity originates in epitope recognition by capsid proteins, which can be altered by chemical or genetic modification, their binding specificity may also be redirected toward arbitrary substrates and/or a variety of analytes in addition to bacteria. The immobilization of bacteriophages on planar and particulate substrates is thus an area of active and increasing scientific interest. This review assembles the knowledge gained so far in the immobilization of whole phage particles, summarizing the main chemistries, and presenting the current state-of-the-art both for an audience well-versed in bioconjugation methods as well as for those who are new to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry O'Connell
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, F38054 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Yoann Roupioz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
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21
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Formulations for Bacteriophage Therapy and the Potential Uses of Immobilization. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040359. [PMID: 33924739 PMCID: PMC8069877 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is becoming increasingly problematic in the treatment of bacterial diseases. This has led to bacteriophages receiving increased attention as an alternative form of treatment. Phages are effective at targeting and killing bacterial strains of interest and have yielded encouraging results when administered as part of a tailored treatment to severely ill patients as a last resort. Despite this, success in clinical trials has not always been as forthcoming, with several high-profile trials failing to demonstrate the efficacy of phage preparations in curing diseases of interest. Whilst this may be in part due to reasons surrounding poor phage selection and a lack of understanding of the underlying disease, there is growing consensus that future success in clinical trials will depend on effective delivery of phage therapeutics to the area of infection. This can be achieved using bacteriophage formulations instead of purely liquid preparations. Several encapsulation-based strategies can be applied to produce phage formulations and encouraging results have been observed with respect to efficacy as well as long term phage stability. Immobilization-based approaches have generally been neglected for the production of phage therapeutics but could also offer a viable alternative.
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22
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Jackson K, Peivandi A, Fogal M, Tian L, Hosseinidoust Z. Filamentous Phages as Building Blocks for Bioactive Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2262-2273. [PMID: 35014350 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous bacteriophages (bacterial viruses) are semiflexible proteinous nanofilaments with high aspect ratios for which the surface chemistry can be controlled with atomic precision via genetic engineering. That, in addition to their ability to self-propagate and replicate a nearly monodisperse batch of biologically and chemically identical nanofilaments, makes these bionanofilaments superior to most synthetic nanoparticles and thus a powerful tool in the bioengineers' toolbox. Furthermore, filamentous phages form liquid crystalline structures at high concentrations; these ordered assemblies create hierarchically ordered macro-, micro-, and nanostructures that, once cross-linked, can form hierarchically ordered hydrogels, hydrated soft material with a variety of physical and chemical properties suitable for biomedical applications (e.g., wound dressings and tissue engineering scaffolds) as well as biosensing, diagnostic assays. We provide a critical review of these hydrogels of filamentous phage, and their physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties and current applications, as well as an overview of limitations and challenges and outlook for future applications. In addition, we present a list of design parameters for filamentous phage hydrogels to serve as a guide for the (bio)engineer and (bio)chemist interested in utilizing these powerful bionanofilaments for designing smart, bioactive materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Jackson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Azadeh Peivandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Meea Fogal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Zeinab Hosseinidoust
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.,Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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23
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Choi I, Yoo DS, Chang Y, Kim SY, Han J. Polycaprolactone film functionalized with bacteriophage T4 promotes antibacterial activity of food packaging toward Escherichia coli. Food Chem 2020; 346:128883. [PMID: 33434864 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) have been extensively utilized as antibacterial agents in the food industry because of their host-specificity. However, their application in polymer films has been limited because of the lack of a strong attachment method for phage to the surface. We developed an antibacterial film by covalently immobilizing Escherichia coli (E. coli)-specific phage T4 on a polycaprolactone (PCL) film. The chemical bond formation was confirmed by XPS analysis, and the covalent attachment of phage T4 effectively inhibited E. coli growth even after external stimulation of the film by sonication. When applied as a packaging film for raw beef inoculated with E. coli O157:H7, the chemically functionalized PCL film showed approximately 30-fold higher bacterial inhibitory effects than the film with physically adsorbed phage T4. These results indicate the promising application potential of chemically functionalized PCL film with phage T4 as an antibacterial food packaging material against the foodborne pathogen E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Som Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjee Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaejoon Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biosciences and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Paczesny J, Bielec K. Application of Bacteriophages in Nanotechnology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1944. [PMID: 33003494 PMCID: PMC7601235 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages for short) are viruses, which have bacteria as hosts. The single phage body virion, is a colloidal particle, often possessing a dipole moment. As such, phages were used as perfectly monodisperse systems to study various physicochemical phenomena (e.g., transport or sedimentation in complex fluids), or in the material science (e.g., as scaffolds). Nevertheless, phages also execute the life cycle to multiply and produce progeny virions. Upon completion of the life cycle of phages, the host cells are usually destroyed. Natural abilities to bind to and kill bacteria were a starting point for utilizing phages in phage therapies (i.e., medical treatments that use phages to fight bacterial infections) and for bacteria detection. Numerous applications of phages became possible thanks to phage display-a method connecting the phenotype and genotype, which allows for selecting specific peptides or proteins with affinity to a given target. Here, we review the application of bacteriophages in nanoscience, emphasizing bio-related applications, material science, soft matter research, and physical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Paczesny
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
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Hassan G, Forsman N, Wan X, Keurulainen L, Bimbo LM, Stehl S, van Charante F, Chrubasik M, Prakash AS, Johansson LS, Mullen DC, Johnston BF, Zimmermann R, Werner C, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Coenye T, Saris PEJ, Österberg M, Moreira VM. Non-leaching, Highly Biocompatible Nanocellulose Surfaces That Efficiently Resist Fouling by Bacteria in an Artificial Dermis Model. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4095-4108. [PMID: 35025484 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm infections incur massive costs on healthcare systems worldwide. Particularly worrisome are the infections associated with pressure ulcers and prosthetic, plastic, and reconstructive surgeries, where staphylococci are the major biofilm-forming pathogens. Non-leaching antimicrobial surfaces offer great promise for the design of bioactive coatings to be used in medical devices. However, the vast majority are cationic, which brings about undesirable toxicity. To circumvent this issue, we have developed antimicrobial nanocellulose films by direct functionalization of the surface with dehydroabietic acid derivatives. Our conceptually unique design generates non-leaching anionic surfaces that reduce the number of viable staphylococci in suspension, including drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, by an impressive 4-5 log units, upon contact. Moreover, the films clearly prevent bacterial colonization of the surface in a model mimicking the physiological environment in chronic wounds. Their activity is not hampered by high protein content, and they nurture fibroblast growth at the surface without causing significant hemolysis. In this work, we have generated nanocellulose films with indisputable antimicrobial activity demonstrated using state-of-the-art models that best depict an "in vivo scenario". Our approach is to use fully renewable polymers and find suitable alternatives to silver and cationic antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Hassan
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Forsman
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Xing Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Keurulainen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis M Bimbo
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, U.K
| | - Susanne Stehl
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Centre for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frits van Charante
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, 460 Ottergemsesteenweg, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Michael Chrubasik
- EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, U.K.,National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, TW11 0LW Teddington, U.K
| | - Aruna S Prakash
- EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, U.K.,National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, TW11 0LW Teddington, U.K
| | - Leena-Sisko Johansson
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Declan C Mullen
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, U.K
| | - Blair F Johnston
- EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, U.K.,National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, TW11 0LW Teddington, U.K
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Centre for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Centre for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, 460 Ottergemsesteenweg, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Per E J Saris
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Vânia M Moreira
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, U.K
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High-density phage particles immobilization in surface-modified bacterial cellulose for ultra-sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of Staphylococcus aureus. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 157:112163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Ahmadi H, Barbut S, Lim LT, Balamurugan S. Examination of the Use of Bacteriophage as an Additive and Determining Its Best Application Method to Control Listeria monocytogenes in a Cooked-Meat Model System. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:779. [PMID: 32670205 PMCID: PMC7326079 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study examined the efficacy of using bacteriophage as an additive in a cooked-meat model system to control growth of contaminating Listeria monocytogenes during subsequent storage. Studies were designed where Listeria bacteriophage A511 and L. monocytogenes introduced inside or on the surface of the cooked-meat to simulate different bacteriophage application and pathogen contamination scenarios. These scenarios include: (1) A511 and L. monocytogenes in meat; (2) A511 in meat, L. monocytogenes on surface; (3) L. monocytogenes in meat, A511 on surface; and (4) L. monocytogenes followed by A511 on meat surface. Real world bacteriophage application and pathogen contamination levels of 109 PFU/g and 103-4 CFU/g, respectively, were used. These meats were then vacuum packaged and stored at 4°C and changes in A511 titers and L. monocytogenes numbers were enumerated during the 28-day storage. Under the conditions tested, application of A511 directly on top of L. monocytogenes contaminating the surface of the meat was the only scenario where L. monocytogenes numbers were reduced to below detection limits and remained significantly lower than the controls for up to 20 days. Although A511 titers remained stable when applied as an additive in meat, they were not successful in controlling growth of the contaminating L. monocytogenes (present inside or on surface of meat). Similarly, application of A511 on the surface of the meat could not control growth of L. monocytogenes present inside the meat. L. monocytogenes numbers increased from the initial 3-log CFU/g to 9-log CFU/g similar to the controls by the end of the 28-day storage. These results suggest that bacteriophages are effective in controlling growth of surface contaminating bacteria only when applied directly onto the surface of the contaminated food product, and are ineffective as a biocontrol agent when used as an additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Ahmadi
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shai Barbut
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Loong-Tak Lim
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - S Balamurugan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Tomat D, Soazo M, Verdini R, Casabonne C, Aquili V, Balagué C, Quiberoni A. Evaluation of an WPC edible film added with a cocktail of six lytic phages against foodborne pathogens such as enteropathogenic and Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Hock L, Leprince A, Tournay M, Gillis A, Mahillon J. Biocontrol potential of phage Deep-Blue against psychrotolerant Bacillus weihenstephanensis. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Sadiq FA, He G, Sakandar HA, Li Y, Ou K. Lactococcus lactis phages from the perspective of their diversity, thermal and biocidal resistance. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Lytic KFS-SE2 phage as a novel bio-receptor for Salmonella Enteritidis detection. J Microbiol 2019; 57:170-179. [PMID: 30706346 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Since Salmonella Enteritidis is one of the major foodborne pathogens, on-site applicable rapid detection methods have been required for its control. The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify S. Enteritidis-specific phage (KFS-SE2 phage) from an eel farm and to investigate its feasibility as a novel, efficient, and reliable bio-receptor for its employment. KFS-SE2 phage was successfully isolated at a high concentration of (2.31 ± 0.43) × 1011 PFU/ml, and consisted of an icosahedral head of 65.44 ± 10.08 nm with a non-contractile tail of 135.21 ± 12.41 nm. The morphological and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that it belongs to the Pis4avirus genus in the family of Siphoviridae. KFS-SE2 genome consisted of 48,608 bp with 45.7% of GC content. Genome analysis represented KFS-SE2 to have distinctive characteristics as a novel phage. Comparative analysis of KFS-SE2 phage with closely related strains confirmed its novelty by the presence of unique proteins. KFS-SE2 phage exhibited excellent specificity to S. Enteritidis and was stable under the temperature range of 4 to 50°C and pH of 3 to 11 (P < 0.05). The latent time was determined to be 20 min. Overall, a new lytic KFS-SE2 phage was successfully isolated from the environment at a high concentration and the excellent feasibility of KFS-SE2 phage was demonstrated as a new bio-receptor for S. Enteritidis detection.
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32
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Bacteriophage-based strategies for biofouling control in ultrafiltration: In situ biofouling mitigation, biocidal additives and biofilm cleanser. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 523:254-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Farooq U, Yang Q, Ullah MW, Wang S. Bacterial biosensing: Recent advances in phage-based bioassays and biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 118:204-216. [PMID: 30081260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In nature, different types of bacteria including pathogenic and beneficial ones exist in different habitats including environment, plants, animals, and humans. Among these, the pathogenic bacteria should be detected at earlier stages of infection; however, the conventional bacterial detection procedures are complex and time-consuming. In contrast, the advanced molecular approaches such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have significantly reduced the detection time; nevertheless, such approaches are not acceptable to a large extent and are mostly laborious and expensive. Therefore, the development of fast, inexpensive, sensitive, and specific approaches for pathogen detection is essential for different applications in food industry, clinical diagnosis, biological defense and counter-terrorism. To this end, the novel sensing approaches involving bacteriophages as recognition elements are receiving immense consideration owing to their high degree of specificity, accuracy, and reduced assay times. Besides, the phages are easily produced and are tolerant to extreme pH, temperature, and organic solvents as compared to antibodies. To date, several phage-based assays and sensors have been developed involving different systems such as quartz crystal microbalance, magnetoelastic platform, surface plasmon resonance, and electrochemical methods. This review highlights different taxonomic species and genera of phages infecting eight common disease-causing bacterial genera. It further overviews the most recent advancements in phage-based sensing assays and sensors. Likewise, it elaborates various whole-phage and phage components-based assays. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of electrochemical biosensors as simple, reliable, cost-effective, and accurate tools for bacterial detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Farooq
- Advanced Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Centre, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- Advanced Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Centre, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shenqi Wang
- Advanced Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Centre, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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34
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Bone S, Alum A, Markovski J, Hristovski K, Bar-Zeev E, Kaufman Y, Abbaszadegan M, Perreault F. Physisorption and chemisorption of T4 bacteriophages on amino functionalized silica particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 532:68-76. [PMID: 30077067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages, or phages, are receiving increasing interest as recognition tools for the design of bioactive surfaces. However, to maintain the activity of surface-bound phages, the immobilization strategy must provide the right orientation and not compromise the phages' integrity. The objectives of this study were to characterize the phage sorption capacity and the immobilized phage activity for aminated silica particles functionalized with T4 phages. Two functionalization strategies were compared; physisorption, based on electrostatic adhesion, and chemisorption, where the phage and the particle are coupled using a carbodiimide cross-linker. We report that chemisorption, at maximum adsorption conditions on 1 µm particles, yielded 16 functional phages per particle, which is 2.5 times more than by the physisorption method. Particle diameter is shown to have an important impact on phage attachment and 1.8 µm particles were found to have ∼4 times more phages per surface area than 0.5 µm particles. Higher surface coverage is attributed to the lower steric hindrance on bigger particles. These findings provide important guidelines for the design of phage-functionalized particles for environmental, biomedical, or sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bone
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Absar Alum
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States; National Science Foundation Water & Environmental Technology Center, United States
| | - Jasmina Markovski
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; The Polytechnic School, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States
| | - Kiril Hristovski
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; The Polytechnic School, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8499000, Israel
| | - Yair Kaufman
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8499000, Israel
| | - Morteza Abbaszadegan
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States; National Science Foundation Water & Environmental Technology Center, United States
| | - François Perreault
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
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Harada LK, Silva EC, Campos WF, Del Fiol FS, Vila M, Dąbrowska K, Krylov VN, Balcão VM. Biotechnological applications of bacteriophages: State of the art. Microbiol Res 2018; 212-213:38-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Antimicrobial Activity of Poly(ester urea) Electrospun Fibers Loaded with Bacteriophages. FIBERS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fib6020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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37
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Surface modifications for antimicrobial effects in the healthcare setting: a critical overview. J Hosp Infect 2018; 99:239-249. [PMID: 29410096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The spread of infections in healthcare environments is a persistent and growing problem in most countries, aggravated by the development of microbial resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants. In addition to indwelling medical devices (e.g. implants, catheters), such infections may also result from adhesion of microbes either to external solid-water interfaces such as shower caps, taps, drains, etc., or to external solid-gas interfaces such as door handles, clothes, curtains, computer keyboards, etc. The latter are the main focus of the present work, where an overview of antimicrobial coatings for such applications is presented. This review addresses well-established and novel methodologies, including chemical and physical functional modification of surfaces to reduce microbial contamination, as well as the potential risks associated with the implementation of such anticontamination measures. Different chemistry-based approaches are discussed, for instance anti-adhesive surfaces (e.g. superhydrophobic, zwitterions), contact-killing surfaces (e.g. polymer brushes, phages), and biocide-releasing surfaces (e.g. triggered release, quorum sensing-based systems). The review also assesses the impact of topographical modifications at distinct dimensions (micrometre and nanometre orders of magnitude) and the importance of applying safe-by-design criteria (e.g. toxicity, contribution for unwanted acquisition of antimicrobial resistance, long-term stability) when developing and implementing antimicrobial surfaces.
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38
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Meyer A, Greene M, Kimmelshue C, Cademartiri R. Stabilization of T4 bacteriophage at acidic and basic pH by adsorption on paper. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 160:169-176. [PMID: 28926767 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages find applications in agriculture, medicine, and food safety. Many of these applications can expose bacteriophages to stresses that inactivate them including acidic and basic pH. Bacteriophages can be stabilized against these stresses by materials including paper, a common material in packaging and consumer products. Combining paper and bacteriophages creates antibacterial materials, which can reduce the use of antibiotics. Here we show that adsorption on paper protects T4, T5, and T7 bacteriophage from acidic and basic pH. We added bacteriophages to filter paper functionalized with carboxylic acid (carboxyl methyl cellulose) or amine (chitosan) groups, and exposed them to pH from 5.6 to 14. We determined the number of infective bacteriophages after exposure directly on the paper. All papers extended the lifetime of infective bacteriophage by at least a factor of four with some papers stabilizing bacteriophages for up to one week. The degree of stabilization depended on five main factors (i) the family of the bacteriophage, (ii) the charge of the paper and bacteriophages, (iii) the location of the bacteriophages within the paper, (iv) the ability of the paper to prevent bacteriophage-bacteriophage aggregation, and (v) the sensitivity of the bacteriophage proteins to the tested pH. Even when adsorbed on paper the bacteriophages were able to remove E. coli in milk. Choosing the right paper modification or material will protect bacteriophages adsorbed on that material against detrimental pH and other environmental challenges increasing the range of applications of bacteriophages on materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Melissa Greene
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Chad Kimmelshue
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rebecca Cademartiri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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39
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Nogueira F, Karumidze N, Kusradze I, Goderdzishvili M, Teixeira P, Gouveia IC. Immobilization of bacteriophage in wound-dressing nanostructure. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:2475-2484. [PMID: 28842374 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Opportunistic bacteria that cause life-threatening infections are still a central problem associated with a healthcare setting. Bacteriophage capsid immobilization on nanostructured polymers maximizes its tail exposure and looks promising in applications toward skin-infections as alternative to antibiotics standardly used. The main goal of this work was to investigate the covalent immobilization of vB_Pae_Kakheti25 bacteriophage capsid on polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers (non-woven textile), as a potential effective antimicrobial, laundry resistant and non-toxic dressing for biomedical use. Surface analyses showed that the immobilization of vB_Pae_Kakheti25 bacteriophage capsid on PCL nanofibres oriented bacteriophage tails to interact with bacteria. Furthermore, antimicrobial assays showed a very effective 6 log bacterial reduction, which was equivalent to 99.9999%, after immediate and 2 hours of contact, even following 25 washing cycles (due to covalent bond). The activity of PCL-vB_Pae_Kakheti25 against P. aeruginosa was immediate and its reduction was complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Nogueira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal; FibEnTech - Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - Natia Karumidze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ia Kusradze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Pilar Teixeira
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Portugal
| | - Isabel C Gouveia
- FibEnTech - Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies, University of Beira Interior, Portugal.
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40
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Recent advances in therapeutic delivery systems of bacteriophage and bacteriophage-encoded endolysins. Ther Deliv 2017. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2017-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have been the cornerstone of clinical management of bacterial infection since their discovery in the early 20th century. However, their widespread and often indiscriminate use has now led to reports of multidrug resistance becoming globally commonplace. Bacteriophage therapy has undergone a recent revival in battle against pathogenic bacteria, as the self-replicating and co-evolutionary features of these predatory virions offer several advantages over conventional therapeutic agents. In particular, the use of targeted bacteriophage therapy from specialized delivery platforms has shown particular promise owing to the control of delivery location, administration conditions and dosage of the therapeutic cargo. This review presents an overview of the recent formulations and applications of such delivery vehicles as an innovative and elegant tool for bacterial control.
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41
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Richter Ł, Bielec K, Leśniewski A, Łoś M, Paczesny J, Hołyst R. Dense Layer of Bacteriophages Ordered in Alternating Electric Field and Immobilized by Surface Chemical Modification as Sensing Element for Bacteria Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:19622-19629. [PMID: 28523910 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Faster and more sensitive environmental monitoring should be developed to face the worldwide problem of bacterial infections. To remedy this issue, we demonstrate a bacteria-sensing element that utilizes dense and ordered layers of bacteriophages specific to the given bacteria strain. We combine (1) the chemical modification of a surface to increase the surface coverage of bacteriophages (2) with an alternating electric field to greatly increase the number of properly oriented bacteriophages at the surface. Usually, in sensing elements, a random orientation of bacteriophages results in steric hindrance, which results in no more than a few percent of all receptors being available. An increased number of properly ordered phages results in the optimal performance of phage receptors, manifesting in up to a 64-fold increase in sensitivity and a limit of detection as low as 100 CFU mL-1. Our sensing elements can be applied for selective, sensitive, and fast (15 min) bacterial detection. A well-studied pair T4 bacteriophage-bacteria Escherichia coli, was used as a model; however, the method could be adapted to prepare bacteriophage-based sensors for detection of a variety of bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Richter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielec
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Leśniewski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Łoś
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk , Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
- Phage Consultants , Partyzantów 10/18, 80-254 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jan Paczesny
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Hołyst
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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42
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Zhou Y, Marar A, Kner P, Ramasamy RP. Charge-Directed Immobilization of Bacteriophage on Nanostructured Electrode for Whole-Cell Electrochemical Biosensors. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5734-5741. [PMID: 28485143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new type of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based impedimetric biosensing method has been developed for rapid and selective detection of live bacterial cells. A proof-of-concept study was conducted using T2 bacteriophage-based biosensors for electrochemical detection of Escherichia coli B. The T2 bacteriophage (virus) served as the biorecognition element, which was immobilized on polyethylenimine (PEI)-functionalized carbon nanotube transducer on glassy carbon electrode. Charge-directed, orientated immobilization of bacteriophage particles on carbon nanotubes was achieved through covalent linkage of phage capsid onto the carbon nanotubes. The presence of the immobilized phage on carbon nanotube-modified electrode was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to monitor the changes in the interfacial impedance due to the binding of E. coli B to T2 phage on the CNT-modified electrode. The detection was highly selective toward the B strain of E. coli as no signal was observed for the nonhost K strain of E. coli. The present achievable detection limit of the biosensor is 103 CFU/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Nano Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering; ‡Department of Chemistry; and §School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Abhijit Marar
- Nano Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering; ‡Department of Chemistry; and §School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Peter Kner
- Nano Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering; ‡Department of Chemistry; and §School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ramaraja P Ramasamy
- Nano Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering; ‡Department of Chemistry; and §School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Patel AN, Anne A, Chovin A, Demaille C, Grelet E, Michon T, Taofifenua C. Scaffolding of Enzymes on Virus Nanoarrays: Effects of Confinement and Virus Organization on Biocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603163. [PMID: 28098963 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organizing active enzyme molecules on nanometer-sized scaffolds is a promising strategy for designing highly efficient supported catalytic systems for biosynthetic and sensing applications. This is achieved by designing model nanoscale enzymatic platforms followed by thorough analysis of the catalytic activity. Herein, the virus fd bacteriophage is considered as an enzyme nanocarrier to study the scaffolding effects on enzymatic activity. Nanoarrays of randomly oriented, or directionally patterned, fd bacteriophage virus are functionalized with the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx), using an immunological assembly strategy, directly on a gold electrode support. The scaffolding process on the virus capsid is monitored in situ by AFM (atomic force microscopy) imaging, while cyclic voltammetry is used to interrogate the catalytic activity of the resulting functional GOx-fd nanoarrays. Kinetic analysis reveals the ability to modulate the activity of GOx via nanocarrier patterning. The results evidence, for the first time, enhancement of the enzymatic activity due to scaffolding on a filamentous viral particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha N Patel
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Agnès Anne
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Arnaud Chovin
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Christophe Demaille
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Eric Grelet
- Centre de Recherche Paul-Pascal, UPR 8641 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 115 avenue Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Thierry Michon
- Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332 INRA, Université de Bordeaux, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Cécilia Taofifenua
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
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Liana AE, Marquis CP, Gunawan C, Gooding JJ, Amal R. T4 bacteriophage conjugated magnetic particles for E. coli capturing: Influence of bacteriophage loading, temperature and tryptone. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 151:47-57. [PMID: 27974276 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the use of bacteriophage conjugated magnetic particles (Fe3O4) for the rapid capturing and isolation of Escherichia coli. The investigation of T4 bacteriophage adsorption to silane functionalised Fe3O4 with amine (NH2), carboxylic (COOH) and methyl (CH3) surface functional groups reveals the domination of net electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions in governing bacteriophage adsorption. The bare Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-NH2 with high T4 loading captured 3-fold more E. coli (∼70% capturing efficiency) compared to the low loading T4 on Fe3O4-COOH, suggesting the significance of T4 loading in E. coli capturing efficiency. Importantly, it is further revealed that E. coli capture is highly dependent on the incubation temperature and the presence of tryptone in the media. Effective E. coli capturing only occurs at 37°C in tryptone-containing media with the absence of either conditions resulted in poor bacteria capture. The incubation temperature dictates the capturing ability of Fe3O4/T4, whereby T4 and E. coli need to establish an irreversible binding that occurred at 37°C. The presence of tryptophan-rich tryptone in the suspending media was also critical, as shown by a 3-fold increase in E. coli capture efficiency of Fe3O4/T4 in tryptone-containing media compared to that in tryptone-free media. This highlights for the first time that successful bacteria capturing requires not only an optimum tailoring of the particle's surface physicochemical properties for favourable bacteriophage loading, but also an in-depth understanding of how factors, such as temperature and solution chemistry influence the subsequent bacteriophage-bacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayu Ekajayanthi Liana
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher P Marquis
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Cindy Gunawan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Janczuk M, Niedziółka-Jönsson J, Szot-Karpińska K. Bacteriophages in electrochemistry: A review. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Olsson ALJ, Wargenau A, Tufenkji N. Optimizing Bacteriophage Surface Densities for Bacterial Capture and Sensing in Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13698-13706. [PMID: 27171886 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface immobilized bacteriophages (phages) are increasingly used as biorecognition elements on bacterial biosensors (e.g., on acoustical, electrical, or optical platforms). The phage surface density is a critical factor determining a sensor's bacterial binding efficiencies; in fact, phage surface densities that are too low or too high can result in significantly reduced bacterial binding capacities. Identifying an optimum phage surface density is thus crucial when exploiting the bacteriophages' bacterial capture capabilities in biosensing applications. Herein, we investigated surface immobilization of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa specific E79 (tailed) phage and the Salmonella Typhimurium specific PRD1 (nontailed) phage and their subsequent bacterial capture abilities using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The QCM-D was used in two experimental setups: (i) a conventional setup and (ii) a combined setup with ellipsometry. Both setups were exploited to link the phages' immobilization behaviors to their bacterium capture efficiency. While E79 displayed characteristic optima in both the mechanical (QCM-D) and the optical (ellipsometry) data that coincided with its specific bacterial capture optimum, no optima were observed during PRD1 immobilization. The characteristic optima suggests that the E79 phage undergoes a surface rearrangement event that changes the hydration state of the phage film, thereby impairing the E79 phage's ability to capture bacteria. However, the absence of such optima during deposition of the nontailed PRD1 phage suggests that other mechanisms may also lead to reduced bacterial capture by surface immobilized bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L J Olsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Andreas Wargenau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Nathalie Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
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Adsorption of T4 bacteriophages on planar indium tin oxide surface via controlled surface tailoring. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 468:192-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Wang C, Sauvageau D, Elias A. Immobilization of Active Bacteriophages on Polyhydroxyalkanoate Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1128-38. [PMID: 26741170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, efficient technique for the attachment of bacteriophages (phages) onto polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) surfaces has been developed and compared to three reported methods for phage immobilization. Polymer surfaces were modified to facilitate phage attachment using (1) plasma treatment alone, (2) plasma treatment followed by activation by 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS), (3) plasma-initiated acrylic acid grafting, or (4) plasma-initiated acrylic acid grafting with activation by EDC and sulfo-NHS. The impact of each method on the surface chemistry of PHA was investigated using contact angle analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Each of the four treatments was shown to result in both increased hydrophilicity and in the modification of the surface functional groups. Modified surfaces were immersed in suspensions of phage T4 for immobilization. The highest level of phage binding was observed for the surfaces modified by plasma treatment alone. The change in chemical bond states observed for surfaces that underwent plasma treatment is suspected to be the cause of the increased binding of active phages. Plasma-treated surfaces were further analyzed through phage-staining and fluorescence microscopy to assess the surface density of immobilized phages and their capacity to capture hosts. The infective capability of attached phages was confirmed by exposing the phage-immobilized surfaces to the host bacteria Escherichia coli in both plaque and infection dynamic assays. Plasma-treated surfaces with immobilized phages displayed higher infectivity than surfaces treated with other methods; in fact, the equivalent initial multiplicity of infection was 2 orders of magnitude greater than with other methods. Control samples - prepared by immersing polymer surfaces in phage suspensions (without prior plasma treatment) - did not show any bacterial growth inhibition, suggesting they did not bind phages from the suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta , 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Dominic Sauvageau
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta , 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Anastasia Elias
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta , 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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Islas L, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Magariños B, Concheiro A, Castillo LFD, Burillo G. Singly and binary grafted poly(vinyl chloride) urinary catheters that elute ciprofloxacin and prevent bacteria adhesion. Int J Pharm 2015; 488:20-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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