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Traldi F, Resmini M. Impact of Protein Corona Formation on the Thermoresponsive Behavior of Acrylamide-Based Nanogels. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1340-1350. [PMID: 38242644 PMCID: PMC10865348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The ability to fine-tune the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of thermoresponsive nanoparticles is essential to their successful application in drug delivery. The rational design of these materials is limited by our understanding of the impact that nanoparticle-protein interactions have on their thermoresponsive behavior. In this work, we demonstrate how the formation of protein corona impacts the transition temperature values of acrylamide-based nanogels and their reversibility characteristics, in the presence of lysozyme, given its relevance for the ocular and intranasal administration route. Nanogels were synthesized with N-isopropylacrylamide or N-n-propylacrylamide as backbone monomers, methylenebis(acrylamide) (2.5-20 molar %) as a cross-linker, and functionalized with negatively charged monomers 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, N-acryloyl-l-proline, or acrylic acid; characterization showed comparable particle diameter (c.a.10 nm), but formulation-dependent thermoresponsive properties, in the range 28-54 °C. Lysozyme was shown to form a complex with the negatively charged nanogels, lowering their VPTT values; the hydrophilic nature of the charged comonomer controlled the drop in VPTT upon complex formation, while matrix rigidity only had a small, yet significant effect. The cross-linker content was found to play a major role in determining the reversibility of the temperature-dependent transition of the complexes, with only 20 molar % cross-linked-nanogels displaying a fully reversible transition. These results demonstrate the importance of evaluating protein corona formation in the development of drug delivery systems based on thermoresponsive nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Traldi
- Department of Chemistry, SPCS, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Marina Resmini
- Department of Chemistry, SPCS, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
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2
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Yu J, Wei Y, Cui Z, Tian J, Cai H, Zhang W. Thermosensitive Capturer Coupled with the CD63 Aptamer for Highly Efficient Isolation of Exosomes. ACS Macro Lett 2024:195-200. [PMID: 38261001 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are bioactive substances secreted by various cells that play a crucial role in cell communication. Due to their nanoscale size and interference from nonexosome proteins, the rapid capture and nondestructive release of exosomes remain a technical challenge which significantly hinders their biomedical application. To overcome this obstacle, we have designed a CD63 aptamer-based thermosensitive copolymer for the effective isolation of exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A thermal-responsive copolymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methacrylate-co-N-hydroxysuccinimide methacrylate) P(NIPAM-co-BMA-co-NHSMA, PNB), was prepared, which could realize reversible hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase transition by varying temperature. Then, CD63 aptamers were further modified to the copolymer to form the PNB-aptamer, where the aptamer units, acting as a "lock and key", specifically bind exosomes. Under the low critical solution temperature (LCST) of the PNB-aptamer, it can maintain a hydrophilic state, capturing exosomes from the cell culture medium. Subsequently, exosome-carrying PNB-aptamers can endure from hydrophilic to hydrophobic phase transition by increasing the temperature above its LCST, and then they can be collected after centrifugation. By introducing the complementary sequence of the CD63 aptamer, the stronger binding affinity between the complementary sequence and the aptamers facilitates the release of exosomes from the PNB-aptamer. The yield of exosome samples captured from a MSC culture medium by the PNB-aptamer system (around 62%) is considerably higher than that obtained by the current "gold standard" ultrafiltration (UC) approach (around 42%). Thus, the PNB-aptamer capturer provides a potential strategy for highly efficient exosome isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zepeng Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jia Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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3
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Yasuda A, Inagawa A, Uehara N. Charge-Selective Aggregation Behavior of Thermoresponsive Polyelectrolytes Having Low Charge Density in Aqueous Solutions of Organic Counterions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1730-1739. [PMID: 36696628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation behavior of thermoresponsive polyelectrolytes with low charge density in aqueous solutions of organic counterions was investigated. We synthesized two thermoresponsive polyelectrolytes: anionic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-(3-sulfopropyl)acrylamide potassium) (P-NIP-SPAK) and cationic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-(3-acrylamidepropyl)trimethylammonium chloride) (P-NIP-AAPTAC). The polyelectrolytes remained soluble in their aqueous solutions even above the lower critical soluble temperature of P-NIP owing to the strong hydration property of the ionic groups. The aggregation occurred when organic counterions were added to the solution. In these solution systems, the concentration of counterions exceeds those of ionic groups introduced into the polyelectrolytes. The aggregation behavior is attributed to the salting-out effect of counterions accommodated near the polyelectrolyte surface by electrostatic interaction. This aggregation behavior was utilized for the charge-selective recognition of amino acids. P-NIP-SPAK aggregated only when basic amino acids were added under acidic conditions, whereas P-NIP-AAPTAC aggregated only when acidic amino acids were added under basic conditions. The results herein demonstrate that P-NIP-SPAK and P-NIP-AAPTAC have the potential to be used as charge-selective polymer sensors for amino acids without having to strictly control the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Yasuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi321-8585, Japan
| | - Arinori Inagawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi321-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuo Uehara
- Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi321-8585, Japan
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4
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Hiruta Y. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based temperature- and pH-responsive polymer materials for application in biomedical fields. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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5
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Electrospun Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC) Membranes for Protein Purification. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070714. [PMID: 35877917 PMCID: PMC9324864 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Responsive membranes for hydrophobic interaction chromatography have been fabricated by functionalizing poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) ligands on the substrate of electrospun regenerated cellulose nanofibers. Both static and dynamic binding capacities and product recovery were investigated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) as model proteins. The effects of ligand chain length and chain density on static binding capacity were also studied. A static binding capacity of ~25 mg/mL of membrane volume (MV) can be achieved in optimal ligand grafting conditions. For dynamic binding studies, protein binding capacity increased with protein concentration from 0.1 to 1.0 g/L. Dynamic binding capacity increased from ~8 mg/mL MV at 0.1 g/L BSA to over 30 mg/mL at 1.0 g/L BSA. However, BSA recovery decreased as protein concentration increased from ~98% at 0.1 g/L BSA to 51% at 1 g/L BSA loading concentration. There is a clear trade-off between binding capacity and recovery rate. The electrospun substrate with thicker fibers and more open pore structures is superior to thinner fibrous membrane substrates.
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6
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Chen C, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wang P, Ren F. Tunable Thermo-Responsive Properties of Hydroxybutyl Chitosan Oligosaccharide. Front Chem 2022; 10:830516. [PMID: 35360543 PMCID: PMC8960259 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.830516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a simple method was used to synthesize novel thermosensitive hydroxybutyl chitosan oligosaccharide (HBCOS) by introducing hydroxybutyl groups to C6–OH of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) chain. The variation in light scattering demonstrated that HBCOS had good thermosensitive properties and the particle size of HBCOS changed from 2.21–3.58 to 281.23–4,162.40 nm as the temperature increased to a critical temperature (LCST). The LCST of HBCOS (10 mg/ml) decreased from 56.25°C to 40.2°C as the degrees of substitution (DSs) increased from 2.96 to 4.66. The LCST of HBCOS with a DS of 4.66 decreased to 33.5°C and 30°C as the HBCOS and NaCl concentrations increased to 50 mg/ml and 4% (w/v), respectively. Variable-temperature FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that dehydration of hydrophobic chains and the transition of hydrogen bonds were the driving forces for the phase transition of HBCOS. Moreover, HBCOS was not cytotoxic at different concentrations. This work generated a novel thermosensitive HBCOS with tunable thermoresponsive properties and excellent biocompatibility, which may be a potential nanocarrier for the biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed By Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed By Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Pengjie Wang, ; Fazheng Ren,
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed By Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Pengjie Wang, ; Fazheng Ren,
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7
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Liu H, Prachyathipsakul T, Koyasseril-Yehiya TM, Le SP, Thayumanavan S. Molecular bases for temperature sensitivity in supramolecular assemblies and their applications as thermoresponsive soft materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:164-193. [PMID: 34549764 PMCID: PMC8757657 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01091c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive supramolecular assemblies have been extensively explored in diverse formats, from injectable hydrogels to nanoscale carriers, for a variety of applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering and thermo-controlled catalysis. Understanding the molecular bases behind thermal sensitivity of materials is fundamentally important for the rational design of assemblies with optimal combination of properties and predictable tunability for specific applications. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in this area with a specific focus on the parameters and factors that influence thermoresponsive properties of soft materials. We summarize and analyze the effects of structures and architectures of molecules, hydrophilic and lipophilic balance, concentration, components and external additives upon the thermoresponsiveness of the corresponding molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | | | | | - Stephanie P Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Centre for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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8
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Prawatborisut M, Oberländer J, Jiang S, Graf R, Avlasevich Y, Morsbach S, Crespy D, Mailänder V, Landfester K. Temperature-Responsive Nanoparticles Enable Specific Binding of Apolipoproteins from Human Plasma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103138. [PMID: 34761508 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins are an important class of proteins because they provide a so-called stealth effect to nanoparticles. The stealth effect on nanocarriers leads to a reduced unspecific uptake into immune cells and thereby to a prolonged blood circulation time. Herein, a novel strategy to bind apolipoproteins specifically on nanoparticles by adjusting the temperature during their incubation in human plasma is presented. This specific binding, in turn, allows a control of the stealth behavior of the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles with a well-defined poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) shell are prepared, displaying a reversible change of hydrophobicity at a temperature around 32 °C. It is shown by label-free quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry that the nanoparticles are largely enriched with apolipoprotein J (clusterin) at 25 °C while they are enriched with apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein E at 37 °C. The temperature-dependent protein binding is found to significantly influence the uptake of the nanoparticles by RAW264.7 and HeLa cells. The findings imply that the functionalization of nanoparticles with temperature-responsive materials is a suitable method for imparting stealth properties to nanocarriers for drug-delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mongkhol Prawatborisut
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck-VISTEC Partner Laboratory for Sustainable Materials, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Jennifer Oberländer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Dermatology Clinic of the University Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuri Avlasevich
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja Morsbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Max Planck-VISTEC Partner Laboratory for Sustainable Materials, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Dermatology Clinic of the University Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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9
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KUMADA R, ORIOKA M, CITTERIO D, HIRUTA Y. Fluorescent and Bioluminescent Probes based on Precise Molecular Design. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2021. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.70.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rei KUMADA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University
| | | | | | - Yuki HIRUTA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University
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10
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Nagase K. Thermoresponsive interfaces obtained using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based copolymer for bioseparation and tissue engineering applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 295:102487. [PMID: 34314989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is the most well-known and widely used stimuli-responsive polymer in the biomedical field owing to its ability to undergo temperature-dependent hydration and dehydration with temperature variations, causing hydrophilic and hydrophobic alterations. This temperature-dependent property of PNIPAAm provides functionality to interfaces containing PNIPAAm. Notably, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic alterations caused by the change in the temperature-responsive property of PNIPAAm-modified interfaces induce temperature-modulated interactions with biomolecules, proteins, and cells. This intrinsic property of PNIPAAm can be effectively used in various biomedical applications, particularly in bioseparation and tissue engineering applications, owing to the functionality of PNIPAAm-modified interfaces based on the temperature modulation of the interaction between PNIPAAm-modified interfaces and biomolecules and cells. This review focuses on PNIPAAm-modified interfaces in terms of preparation method, properties, and their applications. Advances in PNIPAAm-modified interfaces for existing and developing applications are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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11
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Nomoto D, Nagase K, Nakamura Y, Kanazawa H, Citterio D, Hiruta Y. Anion species-triggered antibody separation system utilizing a thermo-responsive polymer column under optimized constant temperature. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 205:111890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Nakayama M, Kanno T, Takahashi H, Kikuchi A, Yamato M, Okano T. Terminal cationization of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) brush surfaces facilitates efficient thermoresponsive control of cell adhesion and detachment. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:481-493. [PMID: 34211335 PMCID: PMC8221160 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1929464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A variety of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm)-grafted surfaces have been reported for temperature-controlled cell adhesion/detachment. However, the surfaces reported to date need further improvement to achieve good outcomes for both cell adhesion and detachment, which are inherently contradictory behaviors. This study investigated the effects of terminal cationization and length of grafted PIPAAm chains on temperature-dependent cell behavior. PIPAAm brushes with three chain lengths were constructed on glass coverslips via surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Terminal substitution of the grafted PIPAAm chains with either monocationic trimethylammonium or nonionic isopropyl moieties was performed through the reduction of terminal RAFT-related groups and subsequent thiol-ene reaction with the corresponding acrylamide derivatives. Although the thermoresponsive properties of the PIPAAm brush surfaces were scarcely affected by the terminal functional moiety, the zeta potentials of the cationized PIPAAm surfaces were higher than those of the nonionized ones, both below and above the phase transition temperature of PIPAAm (30°C). When bovine endothelial cells were cultured on each surface at 37°C, the number of adherent cells decreased with longer PIPAAm. Notably, cell adhesion on the cationized PIPAAm surfaces was higher than that on the nonionized surfaces. This terminal effect on cell adhesion gradually weakened with increasing PIPAAm length. In particular, long-chain PIPAAm brushes virtually showed cell repellency even at 37°C, regardless of the termini. Interestingly, moderately long-chain PIPAAm brushes promoted cell detachment at 20°C, with negligible terminal electrostatic interruption. Consequently, both cell adhesion and detachment were successfully improved by choosing an appropriate PIPAAm length with terminal cationization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nakayama
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kanno
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Japan
| | - Hironobu Takahashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kikuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
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Maekawa Y, Ayano E, Nagase K, Kanazawa H. Effective Separation for New Therapeutic Modalities Utilizing Temperature-responsive Chromatography. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:651-660. [PMID: 33518586 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20scr09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, drug discovery and therapeutics trends have shifted from a focus on small-molecule compounds to biopharmaceuticals, genes, cell therapy, and regenerative medicine. Therefore, new approaches and technologies must be developed to respond to these changes in medical care. To achieve this, we applied a temperature-responsive separation system to purify a variety of proteins and cells. We developed a temperature-responsive chromatography technique based on a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-grafted stationary phase. This method may be applied to various types of protein and cell separation applications by optimizing the properties of the modified polymers used in this system. Therefore, the developed temperature-responsive HPLC columns and temperature-responsive solid-phase extraction (TR-SPE) columns can be an effective separation tool for new therapeutic modalities such as monoclonal antibodies, nucleic acid drugs, and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Maekawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Eri Ayano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
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14
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Drozdov AD, Christiansen JD. The effects of pH and ionic strength on the volume phase transition temperature of thermo-responsive anionic copolymer gels. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Rohleder D, Vana P. Near-Infrared-Triggered Photothermal Aggregation of Polymer-Grafted Gold Nanorods in a Simulated Blood Fluid. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1614-1624. [PMID: 33689319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods were decorated with thermoresponsive copolymers of tailored architecture and constructed from N-isopropyl acrylamide and acrylamide. The copolymers were prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) and immobilized on the gold nanorod surface taking advantage of the aurophilicity of its inherently formed trithiocarbonate groups. The topology as well as the average molecular weight of the copolymers was altered using either a monofunctional or 3-arm star RAFT agent. Two-dimensional arrays of the self-assembled core-shell nanostructures were fabricated by drop-casting showing tunable interparticle spacings. In a simulated blood fluid, the lower critical solution temperature of the nanohybrids could be modified over a significant temperature range around body temperature by adjusting the copolymer composition, the architecture, and/or the size of the polymer. The intrinsic photothermal properties of the gold nanorods were utilized to trigger particle aggregation by irradiation at 808 nm in the optical window of human tissues. In effect, a new nanohybrid system with remotely controllable aggregation via an external NIR-light stimulus for nanomedical applications was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Rohleder
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Philipp Vana
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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Kumar K, Umapathi R, Ramesh K, Hwang SK, Lim KT, Huh YS, Venkatesu P. Biological Stimuli-Induced Phase Transition of a Synthesized Block Copolymer: Preferential Interactions between PNIPAM- b-PNVCL and Heme Proteins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1682-1696. [PMID: 33492958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The beguiling world of functional polymers is dominated by thermoresponsive polymers with unique structural and molecular attributes. Limited work has been reported on the protein-induced conformational transition of block copolymers; furthermore, the literature lacks a clear understanding of the influence of proteins on the phase behavior of thermoresponsive copolymers. Herein, we have synthesized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNIPAM-b-PNVCL) by RAFT polymerization using N-isopropylacrylamide and N-vinylcaprolactam. Furthermore, using various biophysical techniques, we have explored the effect of cytochrome c (Cyt c), myoglobin (Mb), and hemoglobin (Hb) with varying concentrations on the aggregation behavior of PNIPAM-b-PNVCL. Absorption and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy measurements were performed at room temperature to examine the copolymerization effect on fluorescent probe binding and biomolecular interactions between PNIPAM-b-PNVCL and proteins. Furthermore, temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering studies were performed to get deeper insights into the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM-b-PNVCL. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was also employed to understand the copolymer behavior in the presence of heme proteins. With the incorporation of proteins to PNIPAM-b-PNVCL aqueous solution, LCST has been varied to different extents owing to the preferential, molecular, and noncovalent interactions between PNIPAM-b-PNVCL and proteins. The present study can pave new insights between heme proteins and block copolymer interactions, which will help design biomimetic surfaces and aid in the strategic fabrication of copolymer-protein bioconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Reddicherla Umapathi
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kalyan Ramesh
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyu Hwang
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Taek Lim
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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17
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Nagase K, Shimura M, Shimane R, Hanaya K, Yamada S, Akimoto AM, Sugai T, Kanazawa H. Selective capture and non-invasive release of cells using a thermoresponsive polymer brush with affinity peptides. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:663-674. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive block copolymer brush with cell affinity peptides was prepared via two steps of ATRP and subsequent click reaction. The prepared polymer brush can purify cells with high selectivity by simply changing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sota Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Keio University
- Minato
- Japan
| | - Aya Mizutani Akimoto
- Department of Materials Engineering
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo
- Japan
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18
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Kolouchová K, Lobaz V, Beneš H, de la Rosa VR, Babuka D, Švec P, Černoch P, Hrubý M, Hoogenboom R, Štěpánek P, Groborz O. Thermoresponsive properties of polyacrylamides in physiological solutions. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00843a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We show that the cloud point temperature (TCP) of thermoresponsive polyacrylamides is considerably lower in physiologically relevant solvents (phosphate-buffered saline, serum) than in pure water. This decrease of TCP may be critical for some biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Kolouchová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Volodymyr Lobaz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Victor R. de la Rosa
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- AVROXA BV, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Babuka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, Prague 2, 121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Černoch
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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19
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Influence of Buffers, Ionic Strength, and pH on the Volume Phase Transition Behavior of Acrylamide-Based Nanogels. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112590. [PMID: 33158221 PMCID: PMC7694245 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of covalently crosslinked nanogels for applications in biology and medicine is dependent on their properties and characteristics, which often change because of the biological media involved. Understanding the role of salts, ionic strength and pH in altering specific properties is key to progress in this area. We studied the effect of both chemical structure and media environment on the thermoresponsive behavior of nanogels. A small library of methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) crosslinked nanogels were prepared using N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) or N-n-propylacrylamide (NPAM), in combination with functional monomers N-hydroxyethylacrylamide (HEAM) and N-acryloyl-l-proline (APrOH). The thermoresponsive properties of nanogels were evaluated in phosphate buffer, tris-acetate buffer and Ringer HEPES, with varying concentrations and ionic strengths. The presence of ions facilitates the phase separation of nanogels, and this “salting-out” effect strongly depends on the electrolyte concentration as well as the specificity of individual anions, e.g., their positions in the Hofmeister series. A subtle change in the chemical structure of the side chain of the monomer from NIPAM to NPAM leads to a reduction of the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) value by ~10 °C. The addition of hydrophilic comonomers such as HEAM, on the other hand, causes a ~20 °C shift in VPTT to higher values. The data highlight the significant role played by the chemical structure of the monomers used, with hydrophobicity and rigidity closely interlinked in determining thermoresponsive behavior. Furthermore, the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of nanogels copolymerized with ionizable APrOH comonomer can be tailored by changes in the pH of buffer solutions. This temperature-controlled phase transition is driven by intricate interplay involving the entropy of mixing, electrostatic interactions, conformational transitions, and structural rigidity. These results highlight the importance of understanding the physiochemical properties and behavior of covalently crosslinked nanogels in a biological environment prior to their applications in life-science, such as temperature/pH-triggered drug delivery systems.
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20
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Rabiee Kenaree A, Sirianni QEA, Classen K, Gillies ER. Thermoresponsive Self-Immolative Polyglyoxylamides. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3817-3825. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rabiee Kenaree
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151, Richmond Street, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quinton E. A. Sirianni
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151, Richmond Street, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Classen
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151, Richmond Street, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151, Richmond Street, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London N6A 5B9, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Maekawa Y, Yamazaki K, Ihara M, Nagase K, Kanazawa H. Simultaneous analysis of multiple oligonucleotides by temperature-responsive chromatography using a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based stationary phase. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5341-5351. [PMID: 32529301 PMCID: PMC7387324 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide therapeutics have contributed remarkably to healthcare, being well suited for the treatment of intractable diseases that are difficult to approach using conventional drug modalities. However, as common techniques of oligonucleotide analysis rely on reversed-phase or ion-exchange liquid chromatography and thus employ toxic organic solvents and/or ion-pairing reagents, better alternatives are highly sought after. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is widely used in temperature-responsive chromatography (TRC), which relies on column temperature variation to control the physical properties of the stationary phase and, unlike conventional reversed-phase liquid chromatography, avoids the use of toxic organic solvents and complicated gradient methods. Herein, PNIPAAm copolymer hydrogel-modified silica beads were used for the simultaneous analysis of multiple synthetic oligonucleotides by TRC to recognize differences in the length of single nucleotides, single bases, and the number of phosphorothioated sites. Temperature-responsive elution was observed in all cases. Each separation of all combinations of multiple oligonucleotides was better at higher temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature and was performed without the use of organic solvents and gradient methods. In the case of multiply phosphorothioated oligonucleotides, good separation was achieved using an aqueous solvent and isocratic elution in the absence of ion-pairing reagents. Thus, the developed procedure was concluded to be well suited for oligonucleotide analysis. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Maekawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kaichi Yamazaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Miwa Ihara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
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22
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Meng X, Li D, Zhang A, Zhang Q. Probing the glycopolymer–ion interaction via specific ion effects. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Specific ion effects were used to probe the interactions between thermoresponsive glycopolymers and different ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancheng Meng
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
| | - Die Li
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
| | - Aotian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
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23
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Sun X, Qian X. Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Lower Critical Solution Temperature Transition of Poly( N-vinylcaprolactam) in Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:4986-4995. [PMID: 31124684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly( N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) is a thermo-responsive polymer, which exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in an aqueous solution. The LCST of this hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic transition is found to be strongly dependent on the salt-type and salt-concentration as well as on the molecular weight and concentration of the polymer. Here, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been successfully conducted for the first time to investigate the LCST transition of a 100 degree of polymerization PVCL chain in water, 1 M NaCl, 3.5 M NaCl, and 0.5 M CaCl2 solutions. Our results show that steric hindrance resulting from the bulky 7-member ring on the PVCL chain plays a critical role in the conformational transition. Moreover, the degrees of hydration and dehydration below or above the transition temperature are highly dependent on the specific solution condition and temperature. Water molecules are found to be trapped inside the collapsed polymer chains leading to the varying degrees of hydration and dehydration of the polymer chain in different solutions. Calculated water diffusion coefficients for both trapped and free water molecules agree very well with experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Xianghong Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
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24
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Kumar K, Reddicherla U, Rani GM, Pannuru V. How do biological stimuli modulate conformational changes of biomedical thermoresponsive polymer? Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 178:479-487. [PMID: 30925371 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Continuing efforts to develop stimuli-responsive polymers (SRPs) as novel smart materials/biomaterials are anticipated to upgrade the quality life of humans. The details of the molecular, physico chemical and biophysical interactions between SRPs and proteins are not fully understood. Indeed, protein - polymer interactions play a major role in a wide range of biomedical/biomaterial applications. In this regard, we have demonstrated the influence of proteins (β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and stem bromelain (BM) as biological stimuli) on the phase transition behavior of biomedical thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). In order to predict these, we have used a set of biophysical techniques to unveil the influence of biological stimuli on the phase transition behavior of PNIPAM. Absorption spectroscopy, steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were operated at room temperature to examine the changes in absorbance, fluorescence intensity, molecular interactions and surface morphologies, respectively. Furthermore, temperature dependent fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies were also performed to analyze conformational changes, agglomeration behavior, particle size, coil to globule transition and phase behavior. The significant variations obtained in the phase transition temperature values, conformational changes and agglomeration behavior clearly reflects the different molecular interplay induced in presence of biological stimuli. The results demonstrated that the added proteins act as biological stimuli via preferential interactions between the amide group of the polymer and water molecules. The present study can be useful for the design and development of the next generation smart responsive materials/biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | | | | | - Venkatesu Pannuru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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25
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Tang L, Gong L, Zhou G, Liu L, Zhang D, Tang J, Zheng J. Design of low temperature-responsive hydrogels used as a temperature indicator. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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Umapathi R, Kumar K, Rani GM, Venkatesu P. Influence of biological stimuli on the phase behaviour of a biomedical thermoresponsive polymer: A comparative investigation of hemeproteins. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 541:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Nagase K, Hasegawa M, Ayano E, Maitani Y, Kanazawa H. Effect of Polymer Phase Transition Behavior on Temperature-Responsive Polymer-Modified Liposomes for siRNA Transfection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E430. [PMID: 30669495 PMCID: PMC6358841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been attracting significant attention owing to their gene silencing properties, which can be utilized to treat intractable diseases. In this study, two temperature-responsive liposomal siRNA carriers were prepared by modifying liposomes with different polymers-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide) (P(NIPAAm-co-DMAPAAm)) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm). The phase transition of P(NIPAAm-co-DMAPAAm) was sharper than that of P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm), which is attributed to the lower co-monomer content. The temperature dependent fixed aqueous layer thickness (FALT) of the prepared liposomes indicated that modifying liposomes with P(NIPAAm-co-DMAPAAm) led to a significant change in the thickness of the fixed aqueous monolayer between 37 °C and 42 °C; while P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm) modification led to FALT changes over a broader temperature range. The temperature-responsive liposomes exhibited cellular uptake at 42 °C, but were not taken up by cells at 37 °C. This is likely because the thermoresponsive hydrophilic/hydrophobic changes at the liposome surface induced temperature-responsive cellular uptake. Additionally, siRNA transfection of cells for the prevention of luciferase and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was modulated by external temperature changes. P(NIPAAm-co-DMAPAAm) modified liposomes in particular exhibited effective siRNA transfection properties with low cytotoxicity compared with P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm) modified analogues. These results indicated that the prepared temperature-responsive liposomes could be used as effective siRNA carriers whose transfection properties can be modulated by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Momoko Hasegawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Eri Ayano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Yoshie Maitani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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28
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Hou W, Wei L, Liu L, Zhao H. Surface Coassembly of Polymer Brushes and Polymer–Protein Bioconjugates: An Efficient Approach to the Purification of Bioconjugates under Mild Conditions. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4463-4471. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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Okubo K, Ikeda K, Oaku A, Hiruta Y, Nagase K, Kanazawa H. Protein purification using solid-phase extraction on temperature-responsive hydrogel-modified silica beads. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1568:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Sung Ng W, Connal LA, Forbes E, Mohanarangam K, Franks GV. In situ study of aggregate sizes formed in chalcopyrite-quartz mixture using temperature-responsive polymers. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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31
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Schwarzenböck C, Schaffer A, Nößner E, Nelson PJ, Huss R, Rieger B. Fluorescent Polyvinylphosphonate Bioconjugates for Selective Cellular Delivery. Chemistry 2018; 24:2584-2587. [PMID: 29315897 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To date, many poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) biomolecule conjugates have been described, but they often show long response times, are not bio-inert, or lose function in biological fluids. Herein, we present a modular synthetic approach to generate polyvinylphosphonate biomolecule conjugates. These conjugates exhibit a sharp phase transition temperature even under physiological conditions where few other examples with this property have been described to date. Furthermore, it was feasible to add biological functions to the polymers via the conjugation step. The polyvinylphosphonate cholesterol constructs are attached to the cellular membrane and the folic acid anchored polymers are shuttled into the cells. This is an exceptional finding through a straightforward synthetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schwarzenböck
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaffer
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Elfriede Nößner
- Immunoanalytics: Research Group Tissue Control of Immunocytes, & Core Facility, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Marchioninistraße 25, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Nephrologisches Zentrum und Arbeitsgruppe Klinische Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstraße 42, 80336, München, Germany
| | - Ralf Huss
- Definiens AG, Bernhard-Wicki-Straße 5, 80636, München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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32
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YAMANOUCHI T, KATSUYAMA N, HIRUTA Y, AYANO E, KANAZAWA H. Development of Nanocarriers Functionalized with Stimuli-Responsive Polymer for Controlled Cellular Uptake. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2018. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2017-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuki HIRUTA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Eri AYANO
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University
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33
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Owusu-Nkwantabisah S, Gillmor J, Switalski S, Mis MR, Bennett G, Moody R, Antalek B, Gutierrez R, Slater G. Synergistic Thermoresponsive Optical Properties of a Composite Self-Healing Hydrogel. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silas Owusu-Nkwantabisah
- Kodak
Research Laboratories and ‡Technical Solutions Division, Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650, United States
| | - Jeffrey Gillmor
- Kodak
Research Laboratories and ‡Technical Solutions Division, Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650, United States
| | - Steven Switalski
- Kodak
Research Laboratories and ‡Technical Solutions Division, Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650, United States
| | - Mark R. Mis
- Kodak
Research Laboratories and ‡Technical Solutions Division, Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650, United States
| | - Grace Bennett
- Kodak
Research Laboratories and ‡Technical Solutions Division, Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650, United States
| | - Roger Moody
- Kodak
Research Laboratories and ‡Technical Solutions Division, Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650, United States
| | - Brian Antalek
- Kodak
Research Laboratories and ‡Technical Solutions Division, Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650, United States
| | - Robledo Gutierrez
- Kodak
Research Laboratories and ‡Technical Solutions Division, Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650, United States
| | - Gary Slater
- Kodak
Research Laboratories and ‡Technical Solutions Division, Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650, United States
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34
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Wang J, Ayano E, Maitani Y, Kanazawa H. Enhanced cellular uptake and gene silencing activity of siRNA using temperature-responsive polymer-modified liposome. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:217-228. [PMID: 28330734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Short interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery systems using nanoparticle carriers have been limited by inefficient intracellular delivery. One drawback is the poor cellular uptake of siRNA/particle complexes through the plasma membrane and release of the nucleic acids into the cytosol. In this study, to develop the temperature-responsive liposome as a novel carrier for siRNA delivery, we prepared lipoplexes and assessed cellular uptake of siRNA and gene silencing activity of target genes, compared with those of a commercial transfection reagent, Lipofectamine RNAiMAX, and non-modified or PEGylated liposomes. The temperature-responsive polymer, N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N'-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide [P(NIPAAm-co-DMAPAAm)]-modified liposome induced faster intracellular delivery because P(NIPAAm-co-DMAPAAm) exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) changing its nature from hydrophilic to hydrophobic above the LCST. The temperature-responsive liposomes showed significantly higher gene silencing activity than other carriers with less cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we showed that the temperature-responsive lipoplexes were internalized mainly via microtubule-dependent transport and also by the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. This is the first report that temperature-responsive polymer-modified liposomes thermally enhanced silencing activity of siRNA. The dehydrated polymer on the liposomes, and its aggregation caused around the LCST, can probably be attributed to effective cellular uptake of the lipoplexes for gene silencing activity by interaction with the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Eri Ayano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshie Maitani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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35
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Kurzhals S, Gal N, Zirbs R, Reimhult E. Controlled aggregation and cell uptake of thermoresponsive polyoxazoline-grafted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2793-2805. [PMID: 28155937 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08654c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles are potential materials for a plethora of applications in the biotechnological field. Typical such polymers, e.g. dextran or poly(ethylene glycol), lack the ability to tailor the biological response to an environmental trigger, while common responsive polymers such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) or poly(acrylic acid) are not suitable for biomedical applications. We present the synthesis and characterization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with thermoresponsive polyoxazoline brushes grafted at unprecedented density using nitrodopamine anchor chemistry. Reversible aggregation/deaggregation is observed in water and biological medium, confirming control over the colloidal stability. Thermal switching of the solubility could only be achieved by global heating of the sample, while local magnetothermal heating did not produce a sufficiently strong temperature gradient through the brush. Varying the polymer composition allows for tuning of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) as well as the average nanoparticle cluster size obtained upon heating. The LCST of polyoxazolines and the thermal colloidal stability are shown to be greatly affected by ion concentration, by polymer grafting density and also by the presence of serum protein; this shows that transition temperatures of free polymers in water can be very misleading for the design of polymer-coated nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Finally, the thermoresponsive SPION are shown to be non-cytotoxic and with a low cell uptake scaling with the hydration of the polymer brush, which is tuned by the polymer composition. Thus, we demonstrate that pozylated nanoparticles provide the advantages of PEG- and PNIPAM-grafted nanoparticles, but provide a tunable and more easily functionalizable platform for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kurzhals
- Institute for Biologically inspired materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Noga Gal
- Institute for Biologically inspired materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ronald Zirbs
- Institute for Biologically inspired materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Institute for Biologically inspired materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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36
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Wang J, Ayano E, Maitani Y, Kanazawa H. Tunable Surface Properties of Temperature-Responsive Polymer-Modified Liposomes Induce Faster Cellular Uptake. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:316-325. [PMID: 31457232 PMCID: PMC6640984 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery by nanoparticle carriers has been limited by inefficient intracellular drug delivery. Temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-modified liposomes can release their content following heating. In this study, we synthesized the temperature-responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-N,N'-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide (P(NIPAAm-co-DMAPAAm)) and investigated the properties of liposomes modified with P(NIPAAm-co-DMAPAAm) for intracellular drug carriers. The copolymer displayed a thermosensitive transition at a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) that is higher than body temperature. Above the LCST, the temperature-responsive liposomes started to aggregate and release. The liposomes showed a fixed aqueous layer thickness (FALT) at the surface below the LCST, and the FALT decreased with increasing temperature. Above 37 °C, cytosolic release from the temperature-responsive liposomes was higher than that from the PEGylated liposomes, indicating intracellular uptake. Here, we showed that the tunable surface properties of the temperature-responsive polymer-modified liposomes possibly enabled their dehydration by heating, which likely induced a faster cellular uptake and release. Therefore, the liposomes could be highly applicable for improving intracellular drug-delivery carriers.
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37
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Hiruta Y, Kanda Y, Katsuyama N, Kanazawa H. Dual temperature- and pH-responsive polymeric micelle for selective and efficient two-step doxorubicin delivery. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03579a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual responsive polymeric micelle enabled selective intracellular uptake with thermal stimulation and effective release of doxorubicin at acidic endosomal pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hiruta
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Keio University
- Minato
- Japan
| | - Yuki Kanda
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Keio University
- Minato
- Japan
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38
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Hsieh SR, Reddy PM, Chang CJ, Kumar A, Wu WC, Lin HY. Exploring the Behavior of Bovine Serum Albumin in Response to Changes in the Chemical Composition of Responsive Polymers: Experimental and Simulation Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E238. [PMID: 30979331 PMCID: PMC6432219 DOI: 10.3390/polym8060238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the interactions between polymer and protein is very important to fabricate the potential materials for many bio-related applications. In this regard, the present work investigated the effect of copolymers on the conformation and thermal stability of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the aid of biophysical techniques such as fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In comparison with that of copolymer PGA-1.5, our fluorescence spectroscopy results reveal that the copolymer PGA-1, which has a lower PEGMA/AA ratio, shows greater influence on the conformation of BSA. Copolymers induced unfolding of the polypeptide chain of BSA, which was confirmed from the loss in the negative ellipticity of CD spectra. DSC results showed that the addition of PGA-1 and PGA-1.5 (0.05% (w/v) decreased the transition temperature by 14.8 and 11.5 °C, respectively). The results from the present study on the behavior of protein in response to changes in the chemical composition of synthetic polymers are significant for various biological applications such as enzyme immobilization, protein separations, sensor development and stimuli-responsive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Rong Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Taichung 40705, Taiwan.
| | - P Madhusudhana Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Jung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Wan-Chi Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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39
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Hiruta Y, Kanazashi R, Ayano E, Okano T, Kanazawa H. Temperature-responsive molecular recognition chromatography using phenylalanine and tryptophan derived polymer modified silica beads. Analyst 2016; 141:910-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01996f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The separation system with dual temperature-response and molecular recognition characteristics leads to selective separation using only aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hiruta
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Keio University
- Minato
- Japan
| | | | - Eri Ayano
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Keio University
- Minato
- Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science
- Tokyo Women's Medical University
- Shinjuku
- Japan
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40
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Wang LH, Wu T, Zhang Z, You YZ. Unconventional Transitions of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) upon Heating in the Presence of Multiple Noncovalent Interactions. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Hai Wang
- Key Lab
of Soft Matter Chemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Lab
of Soft Matter Chemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Key Lab
of Soft Matter Chemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Ye-Zi You
- Key Lab
of Soft Matter Chemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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41
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Cationic effect of an ionic copolymer with a temperature-responsive charateristic on the LCST value: A broad LCST spectrum of 35 to 46 °C. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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42
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Hiruta Y, Nagumo Y, Miki A, Okano T, Kanazawa H. Effects of terminal group and chain length on temperature-responsive chromatography utilizing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) synthesized via RAFT polymerization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15906g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Even using the same homo poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) immobilized silica beads as stationary phases, terminal functional group and chain length significantly affected temperature-dependent elution behavior of steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hiruta
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Keio University
- Tokyo 105-8512
- Japan
| | - Yuhei Nagumo
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Keio University
- Tokyo 105-8512
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Miki
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Keio University
- Tokyo 105-8512
- Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science
- Tokyo Women's Medical University
- TWIns
- Tokyo 162-8666
- Japan
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