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Mushtaq U, Ayoub I, Kumar V, Sharma V, Swart HC, Chamanehpour E, Rubahn HG, Mishra YK. Persistent luminescent nanophosphors for applications in cancer theranostics, biomedical, imaging and security. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100860. [PMID: 38179230 PMCID: PMC10765243 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary and unique properties of persistent luminescent (PerLum) nanostructures like storage of charge carriers, extended afterglow, and some other fascinating characteristics like no need for in-situ excitation, and rechargeable luminescence make such materials a primary candidate in the fields of bio-imaging and therapeutics. Apart from this, due to their extraordinary properties they have also found their place in the fields of anti-counterfeiting, latent fingerprinting (LPF), luminescent markings, photocatalysis, solid-state lighting devices, glow-in-dark toys, etc. Over the past few years, persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) have been extensively used for targeted drug delivery, bio-imaging guided photodynamic and photo-thermal therapy, biosensing for cancer detection and subsequent treatment, latent fingerprinting, and anti-counterfeiting owing to their enhanced charge storage ability, in-vitro excitation, increased duration of time between excitation and emission, low tissue absorption, high signal-to-noise ratio, etc. In this review, we have focused on most of the key aspects related to PLNPs, including the different mechanisms leading to such phenomena, key fabrication techniques, properties of hosts and different activators, emission, and excitation characteristics, and important properties of trap states. This review article focuses on recent advances in cancer theranostics with the help of PLNPs. Recent advances in using PLNPs for anti-counterfeiting and latent fingerprinting are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Mushtaq
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa
| | - Irfan Ayoub
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Hendrik C. Swart
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA9300, South Africa
| | - Elham Chamanehpour
- NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, Sønderborg, 6400, Denmark
| | - Horst-Günter Rubahn
- NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, Sønderborg, 6400, Denmark
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, Sønderborg, 6400, Denmark
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Shiu WT, Chang LY, Jiang Y, Shakouri M, Wu YH, Lin BH, Liu L. Synthesis and characterization of a near-infrared persistent luminescent Cr-doped zinc gallate-calcium phosphate composite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21131-21140. [PMID: 36039710 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03431j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR)-emitting persistent luminescence (PersL) nanoparticles have attracted great attention as a novel optical probe for bioimaging and biosensing applications. These nanoparticles emit long-lasting luminescence after the removal of the excitation source, which effectively eliminates the interference from tissue autofluorescence. Cr-doped zinc gallate (ZnGa2O4:Cr3+, CZGO) is a representative NIR-emitting PersL material. On the other hand, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is a widely used drug carrier due to its high biocompatibility. In this work, we present a design of an ACP-based drug carrier with PersL properties, by forming a CZGO-ACP composite. The PersL properties of CZGO were preserved by composite formation, while it is found that the Zn2+ could migrate from CZGO to ACP during composite formation, leading to different luminescence mechanisms between pure CZGO and the CZGO-ACP composite. The electronic structure of the composite was analyzed by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and a structure-luminescence correlation was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Tung Shiu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Lo-Yueh Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Centre, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Mohsen Shakouri
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Yu-Hao Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Centre, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Hsuan Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Centre, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Lijia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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3
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Luo Q, Wang W, Tan J, Yuan Q. Surface Modified Persistent Luminescence Probes for Biosensing and Bioimaging: A Review. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Jie Tan
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
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Adelantado C, Zougagh M, Ríos Á. Contributions of Capillary Electrophoresis in Analytical Nanometrology: A Critical View. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1094-1111. [PMID: 33427485 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1859983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An overview on the increasing role of capillary electrophoresis in characterization and direct analysis of nanomaterials is herein presented. The niche of electrophoretic approaches in nanometrology is so relevant that nonmetallic, metal, metal oxide nanoparticles, and quantum dots have been analyzed to be targeted via capillary electrophoresis with conventional detection systems or coupling arrangements aimed at increasing selectivity and sensitivity toward either pristine or conjugated nanoparticles. Moreover, parameters altering intrinsic properties of nanoparticles may be optimized to gather the desired results and identify nanomaterials according to their size, shape, or associations with binding agents. The usefulness and quickness of capillary electrophoresis for quantifying or screening ultrasmall-sized particles enables this technique to set an example for analysis of standards or previously synthesized nanostructures in research or routine laboratories. Abundant evidence of the suitability of electrophoretic approaches for characterization and direct determination of nanomaterials in actual samples has been provided in this review, together with a discussion about hyphenation with state-of-the art detectors and comparison between capillary electrophoresis with other separation approaches. This permits scientific community to be optimistic in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Adelantado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mohammed Zougagh
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Espinola-Portilla F, Serrano-Torres O, Hurtado-López GF, Sierra U, Varenne A, d’Orlyé F, Trapiella-Alfonso L, Gutiérrez-Granados S, Ramírez-García G. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with a binary alkoxysilane array and poly(4-vinylpyridine) for magnetic targeting and pH-responsive release of doxorubicin. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05227b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reported supramolecular arrangement offers an attractive strategy for the pH-sensitive and magnetically-guided release of doxorubicin, which could allow exploring novel therapeutic schemes against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Uriel Sierra
- Laboratorio Nacional de Materiales Grafénicos
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada
- Saltillo
- Mexico
| | - Anne Varenne
- Chimie ParisTech
- PSL University
- CNRS 2027
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences
- 75005 Paris
| | - Fanny d’Orlyé
- Chimie ParisTech
- PSL University
- CNRS 2027
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences
- 75005 Paris
| | - Laura Trapiella-Alfonso
- Chimie ParisTech
- PSL University
- CNRS 2027
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences
- 75005 Paris
| | | | - Gonzalo Ramírez-García
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- 76230 Querétaro
- Mexico
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Filali S, Pirot F, Miossec P. Biological Applications and Toxicity Minimization of Semiconductor Quantum Dots. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:163-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Dzherayan TG, Ermolin MS, Vanifatova NG. Effectiveness of the Simultaneous Application of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis and Static Light Scattering in the Study of Volcanic Ash Nano- and Submicroparticles. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu J, Lécuyer T, Seguin J, Mignet N, Scherman D, Viana B, Richard C. Imaging and therapeutic applications of persistent luminescence nanomaterials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:193-210. [PMID: 30414492 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of probes for biomolecular imaging and diagnostics is a very active research area. Among the different imaging modalities, optics emerged since it is a noninvasive and cheap imaging technique allowing real time imaging. In vitro, this technique is very useful however in vivo, fluorescence suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio due to tissue autofluorescence under constant excitation. To address this limitation, novel types of optical nanoprobes are actually being developed and among them, persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs), with long lasting near-infrared (NIR) luminescence capability, allows doing optical imaging without constant excitation and so without autofluorescence. This review will begin by introducing the physical phenomenon associated to the long luminescence decay of such nanoprobes, from minutes to hours after ceasing the excitation. Then we will show how this property can be used to develop in vivo imaging probes and also more recently nanotheranostic agents. Finally, preliminary data on their biocompatibility will be mentioned and we will conclude by envisioning on the future applications and improvements of such nanomaterials.
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Ramírez-García G, d’Orlyé F, Gutiérrez-Granados S, Martínez-Alfaro M, Mignet N, Richard C, Varenne A. Electrokinetic Hummel-Dreyer characterization of nanoparticle-plasma protein corona: The non-specific interactions between PEG-modified persistent luminescence nanoparticles and albumin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:437-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Photo-stimulation of persistent luminescence nanoparticles enhances cancer cells death. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:696-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ramírez-García G, Gutiérrez-Granados S, Gallegos-Corona MA, Palma-Tirado L, d'Orlyé F, Varenne A, Mignet N, Richard C, Martínez-Alfaro M. Long-term toxicological effects of persistent luminescence nanoparticles after intravenous injection in mice. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:686-695. [PMID: 28705622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ZnGa1.995Cr0.005O4 persistent luminescence nanoparticles offer the promise of revolutionary tools for biological imaging with applications such as cell tracking or tumor detection. They can be re-excited through living tissues by visible photons, allowing observations without any time constraints and avoiding the undesirable auto-fluorescence signals observed when fluorescent probes are used. Despite all these advantages, their uses demand extensive toxicological evaluation and control. With this purpose, mice were injected with a single intravenous administration of hydroxylated or PEGylated persistent luminescence nanoparticles at different concentrations and then a set of standard tests were carried out 1day, 1 month and 6 months after the administration. High concentrations of hydroxylated nanoparticles generate structural alterations at histology level, endoplasmic reticulum damage and oxidative stress in liver, as well as rising in white blood cells counts. A mechanism involving the endoplasmic reticulum damage could be the responsible of the observed injuries in case of ZGO-OH. On the contrary, no toxicological effects related to PEGylated nanoprobes treatment were noted during our in vivo experiments, denoting the protective effect of PEG-functionalization and thereby, their potential as biocompatible in vivo diagnostic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ramírez-García
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico; Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS (U 1022), F-75006, Paris, France; CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Fanny d'Orlyé
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS (U 1022), F-75006, Paris, France; CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Anne Varenne
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS (U 1022), F-75006, Paris, France; CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS (U 1022), F-75006, Paris, France; CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Richard
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS (U 1022), F-75006, Paris, France; CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France.
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12
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Characterization of phthalocyanine functionalized quantum dots by dynamic light scattering, laser Doppler, and capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1707-1715. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Lécuyer T, Teston E, Ramirez-Garcia G, Maldiney T, Viana B, Seguin J, Mignet N, Scherman D, Richard C. Chemically engineered persistent luminescence nanoprobes for bioimaging. Theranostics 2016; 6:2488-2524. [PMID: 27877248 PMCID: PMC5118608 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging nanoprobes are a group of nanosized agents developed for providing improved contrast for bioimaging. Among various imaging probes, optical sensors capable of following biological events or progresses at the cellular and molecular levels are actually actively developed for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and monitoring of the treatment of diseases. The optical activities of nanoprobes can be tuned on demand by chemists by engineering their composition, size and surface nature. This review will focus on researches devoted to the conception of nanoprobes with particular optical properties, called persistent luminescence, and their use as new powerful bioimaging agents in preclinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lécuyer
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eliott Teston
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gonzalo Ramirez-Garcia
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Maldiney
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Viana
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie-Paris, CNRS UMR 8247, Chimie-ParisTech, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Johanne Seguin
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Richard
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
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Trapiella-Alfonso L, Ramírez-García G, d'Orlyé F, Varenne A. Electromigration separation methodologies for the characterization of nanoparticles and the evaluation of their behaviour in biological systems. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Trapiella-Alfonso L, d’Orlyé F, Varenne A. Recent advances in the development of capillary electrophoresis methodologies for optimizing, controlling, and characterizing the synthesis, functionalization, and physicochemical, properties of nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2669-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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