1
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Whitley JA, Cai H. Engineering extracellular vesicles to deliver CRISPR ribonucleoprotein for gene editing. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12343. [PMID: 37723839 PMCID: PMC10507228 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is a gene editing tool with tremendous therapeutic potential. Recently, ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex-based CRISPR systems have gained momentum due to their reduction of off-target editing. This has coincided with the emergence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a therapeutic delivery vehicle due to its low immunogenicity and high capacity for manipulation. EVs are cell-derived membranous nanoparticles which mediate the intercellular transfer of molecular components. Current technologies achieve CRISPR RNP encapsulation into EVs through EVs biogenesis, thereby avoiding unnecessary physical, chemical or biological manipulations to the vesicles directly. Herein, we identify sixteen EVs-based CRISPR RNP encapsulation strategies, each with distinct genetic features to encapsulate CRISPR RNP. According to the molecular mechanism facilitating the encapsulation process, there are six strategies of encapsulating Cas9 RNP into virus-like particles based on genetic fusion, seven into EVs based on protein tethering, and three based on sgRNA-coupled encapsulation. Additionally, the incorporation of a targeting moiety to the EVs membrane surface through EVs biogenesis confers tropism and increases delivery efficiency to specific cell types. The targeting moieties include viral envelope proteins, recombinant proteins containing a ligand peptide, single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies, and integrins. However, current strategies still have a number of limitations which prevent their use in clinical trials. Among those, the incorporation of viral proteins for encapsulation of Cas9 RNP have raised issues of biocompatibility due to host immune response. Future studies should focus on genetically engineering the EVs without viral proteins, enhancing EVs delivery specificity, and promoting EVs-based homology directed repair. Nevertheless, the integration of CRISPR RNP encapsulation and tropism technologies will provide strategies for the EVs-based delivery of CRISPR RNP in gene therapy and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Andrew Whitley
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Houjian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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2
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Backe SJ, Votra SD, Stokes MP, Sebestyén E, Castelli M, Torielli L, Colombo G, Woodford MR, Mollapour M, Bourboulia D. PhosY-secretome profiling combined with kinase-substrate interaction screening defines active c-Src-driven extracellular signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112539. [PMID: 37243593 PMCID: PMC10569185 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Src tyrosine kinase is a renowned key intracellular signaling molecule and a potential target for cancer therapy. Secreted c-Src is a recent observation, but how it contributes to extracellular phosphorylation remains elusive. Using a series of domain deletion mutants, we show that the N-proximal region of c-Src is essential for its secretion. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2) is an extracellular substrate of c-Src. Limited proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry and mutagenesis studies verify that the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of c-Src and the P31VHP34 motif of TIMP2 are critical for their interaction. Comparative phosphoproteomic analyses identify an enrichment of PxxP motifs in phosY-containing secretomes from c-Src-expressing cells with cancer-promoting roles. Inhibition of extracellular c-Src using custom SH3-targeting antibodies disrupt kinase-substrate complexes and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. These findings point toward an intricate role for c-Src in generating phosphosecretomes, which will likely influence cell-cell communication, particularly in c-Src-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - SarahBeth D Votra
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | | | | | - Matteo Castelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Torielli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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3
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Aponte E, Lafitte M, Sirvent A, Simon V, Barbery M, Fourgous E, Boublik Y, Maffei M, Armand F, Hamelin R, Pannequin J, Fort P, Pons M, Roche S. Regulation of Src tumor activity by its N-terminal intrinsically disordered region. Oncogene 2022; 41:960-970. [PMID: 34999732 PMCID: PMC8837538 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The membrane-anchored Src tyrosine kinase is involved in numerous pathways and its deregulation is involved in human cancer. Our knowledge on Src regulation relies on crystallography, which revealed intramolecular interactions to control active Src conformations. However, Src contains a N-terminal intrinsically disordered unique domain (UD) whose function remains unclear. Using NMR, we reported that UD forms an intramolecular fuzzy complex involving a conserved region with lipid-binding capacity named Unique Lipid-Binding Region (ULBR), which could modulate Src membrane anchoring. Here we show that the ULBR is essential for Src's oncogenic capacity. ULBR inactive mutations inhibited Src transforming activity in NIH3T3 cells and in human colon cancer cells. It also reduced Src-induced tumor development in nude mice. An intact ULBR was required for MAPK signaling without affecting Src kinase activity nor sub-cellular localization. Phospho-proteomic analyses revealed that, while not impacting on the global tyrosine phospho-proteome in colon cancer cells, this region modulates phosphorylation of specific membrane-localized tyrosine kinases needed for Src oncogenic signaling, including EPHA2 and Fyn. Collectively, this study reveals an important role of this intrinsically disordered region in malignant cell transformation and suggests a novel layer of Src regulation by this unique region via membrane substrate phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Aponte
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Lafitte
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Sirvent
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Simon
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Maud Barbery
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Elise Fourgous
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Yvan Boublik
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Mariano Maffei
- Biomolecular NMR laboratory, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Evvivax srl-Via di Castel Romano, 100 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Florence Armand
- Proteomics Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Hamelin
- Proteomics Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Philippe Fort
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Miquel Pons
- Biomolecular NMR laboratory, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Serge Roche
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France.
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France.
- IGF, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France.
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4
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Liu B, Stone OJ, Pablo M, Herron JC, Nogueira AT, Dagliyan O, Grimm JB, Lavis LD, Elston TC, Hahn KM. Biosensors based on peptide exposure show single molecule conformations in live cells. Cell 2021; 184:5670-5685.e23. [PMID: 34637702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe an approach to study the conformation of individual proteins during single particle tracking (SPT) in living cells. "Binder/tag" is based on incorporation of a 7-mer peptide (the tag) into a protein where its solvent exposure is controlled by protein conformation. Only upon exposure can the peptide specifically interact with a reporter protein (the binder). Thus, simple fluorescence localization reflects protein conformation. Through direct excitation of bright dyes, the trajectory and conformation of individual proteins can be followed. Simple protein engineering provides highly specific biosensors suitable for SPT and FRET. We describe tagSrc, tagFyn, tagSyk, tagFAK, and an orthogonal binder/tag pair. SPT showed slowly diffusing islands of activated Src within Src clusters and dynamics of activation in adhesions. Quantitative analysis and stochastic modeling revealed in vivo Src kinetics. The simplicity of binder/tag can provide access to diverse proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Orrin J Stone
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael Pablo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J Cody Herron
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ana T Nogueira
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Onur Dagliyan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan B Grimm
- Janelia Research Campus, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Timothy C Elston
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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5
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Src Family Tyrosine Kinases in Intestinal Homeostasis, Regeneration and Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082014. [PMID: 32717909 PMCID: PMC7464719 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Src, originally identified as an oncogene, is a membrane-anchored tyrosine kinase and the Src family kinase (SFK) prototype. SFKs regulate the signalling induced by a wide range of cell surface receptors leading to epithelial cell growth and adhesion. In the intestine, the SFK members Src, Fyn and Yes regulate epithelial cell proliferation and migration during tissue regeneration and transformation, thus implicating conserved and specific functions. In patients with colon cancer, SFK activity is a marker of poor clinical prognosis and a potent driver of metastasis formation. These tumorigenic activities are linked to SFK capacity to promote the dissemination and tumour-initiating capacities of epithelial tumour cells. However, it is unclear how SFKs promote colon tumour formation and metastatic progression because SFK-encoding genes are unfrequently mutated in human cancer. Here, we review recent findings on SFK signalling during intestinal homeostasis, regeneration and tumorigenesis. We also describe the key nongenetic mechanisms underlying SFK tumour activities in colorectal cancer, and discuss how these mechanisms could be exploited in therapeutic strategies to target SFK signalling in metastatic colon cancer.
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6
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McClendon CJ, Miller WT. Structure, Function, and Regulation of the SRMS Tyrosine Kinase. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4233. [PMID: 32545875 PMCID: PMC7352994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Src-related kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory tyrosine and N-terminal myristoylation sites (SRMS) is a tyrosine kinase that was discovered in 1994. It is a member of a family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases that also includes Brk (PTK6) and Frk. Compared with other tyrosine kinases, there is relatively little information about the structure, function, and regulation of SRMS. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding SRMS, including recent results aimed at identifying downstream signaling partners. We also present a structural model for the enzyme and discuss the potential involvement of SRMS in cancer cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakia J. McClendon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA;
| | - W. Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
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7
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Bagnato G, Leopizzi M, Urciuoli E, Peruzzi B. Nuclear Functions of the Tyrosine Kinase Src. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082675. [PMID: 32290470 PMCID: PMC7215861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Src is the representative member of the Src-family kinases (SFKs), a group of tyrosine kinases involved in several cellular processes. Its main function has been for long confined to the plasma membrane/cytoplasm compartment, being a myristoylated protein anchored to the cell membrane and functioning downstream to receptors, most of them lacking intrinsic kinase activity. In the last decades, new roles for some SFKs have been described in the nuclear compartment, suggesting that these proteins can also be involved in directly regulating gene transcription or nucleoskeleton architecture. In this review, we focused on those nuclear functions specifically attributable to Src, by considering its function as both tyrosine kinase and adapting molecule. In particular, we addressed the Src involvement in physiological as well as in pathological conditions, especially in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bagnato
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (E.U.)
| | - Martina Leopizzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Polo Pontino, Sapienza University, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Enrica Urciuoli
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (E.U.)
| | - Barbara Peruzzi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (E.U.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Spassov DS, Ruiz-Saenz A, Piple A, Moasser MM. A Dimerization Function in the Intrinsically Disordered N-Terminal Region of Src. Cell Rep 2019; 25:449-463.e4. [PMID: 30304684 PMCID: PMC6226010 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mode of regulation of Src kinases has been elucidated by crystallographic studies identifying conserved structured protein modules involved in an orderly set of intramolecular associations and ligand interactions. Despite these detailed insights, much of the complex behavior and diversity in the Src family remains unexplained. A key missing piece is the function of the unstructured N-terminal region. We report here the function of the N-terminal region in binding within a hydrophobic pocket in the kinase domain of a dimerization partner. Dimerization substantially enhances autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of selected substrates, and interfering with dimerization is disruptive to these functions. Dimerization and Y419 phosphorylation are codependent events creating a bistable switch. Given the versatility inherent in this intrinsically disordered region, its multisite phosphorylations, and its divergence within the family, the unique domain likely functions as a central signaling hub overseeing much of the activities and unique functions of Src family kinases. Spassov et al. report that Src exists in cells and functions as a dimer and that dimerization and autophosphorylation are codependent events. Through a comprehensive structure-function analysis, they show that the dimer is an asymmetric dimer held through the interaction of the myristoylated N-terminal unique domain of one partner with a hydrophobic pocket in the kinase domain of another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danislav S Spassov
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ana Ruiz-Saenz
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Amit Piple
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mark M Moasser
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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9
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Mevizou R, Sirvent A, Roche S. Control of Tyrosine Kinase Signalling by Small Adaptors in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050669. [PMID: 31091767 PMCID: PMC6562749 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases (TKs) phosphorylate proteins on tyrosine residues as an intracellular signalling mechanism to coordinate intestinal epithelial cell communication and fate decision. Deregulation of their activity is ultimately connected with carcinogenesis. In colorectal cancer (CRC), it is still unclear how aberrant TK activities contribute to tumour formation because TK-encoding genes are not frequently mutated in this cancer. In vertebrates, several TKs are under the control of small adaptor proteins with potential important physiopathological roles. For instance, they can exert tumour suppressor functions in human cancer by targeting several components of the oncogenic TK signalling cascades. Here, we review how the Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) and the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) adaptor proteins regulate the SRC and the Janus kinase (JAK) oncogenic pathways, respectively, and how their loss of function in the intestinal epithelium may influence tumour formation. We also discuss the potential therapeutic value of these adaptors in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Mevizou
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", F-34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Audrey Sirvent
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", F-34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Serge Roche
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", F-34000 Montpellier, France.
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10
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Mohammad IL, Mateos B, Pons M. The disordered boundary of the cell: emerging properties of membrane-bound intrinsically disordered proteins. Biomol Concepts 2019; 10:25-36. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2019-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe define the disordered boundary of the cell (DBC) as the system formed by membrane tethered intrinsically disordered protein regions, dynamically coupled to the underlying membrane.The emerging properties of the DBC makes it a global system of study, which cannot be understood from the individual properties of their components. Similarly, the properties of lipid bilayers cannot be understood from just the sum of the properties of individual lipid molecules.The highly anisotropic confined environment, restricting the position and orientation of interacting sites, is affecting the properties of individual disordered proteins. In fact, the collective effect caused by high concentrations of disordered proteins extend beyond the sum of individual effects.Examples of emerging properties of the DBC include enhanced protein-protein interactions, protein-driven phase separations, Z-compartmentalization, and protein modulated electrostatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irrem-Laareb Mohammad
- BioNMR Laboratory, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Mateos
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Computational and Structural Biology, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030Vienna, Austria
| | - Miquel Pons
- BioNMR Laboratory, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Le Roux AL, Mohammad IL, Mateos B, Arbesú M, Gairí M, Khan FA, Teixeira JMC, Pons M. A Myristoyl-Binding Site in the SH3 Domain Modulates c-Src Membrane Anchoring. iScience 2019; 12:194-203. [PMID: 30690395 PMCID: PMC6354742 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Src oncogene is anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane through its N-terminal myristoylated SH4 domain. This domain is part of an intramolecular fuzzy complex with the SH3 and Unique domains. Here we show that the N-terminal myristoyl group binds to the SH3 domain in the proximity of the RT loop, when Src is not anchored to a lipid membrane. Residues in the so-called Unique Lipid Binding Region modulate this interaction. In the presence of lipids, the myristoyl group is released from the SH3 domain and inserts into the lipid membrane. The fuzzy complex with the SH4 and Unique domains is retained in the membrane-bound form, placing the SH3 domain close to the membrane surface and restricting its orientation. The apparent affinity of myristoylated proteins containing the SH4, Unique, and SH3 domains is modulated by these intramolecular interactions, suggesting a mechanism linking c-Src activation and membrane anchoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel-Lise Le Roux
- BioNMR Laboratory, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irrem-Laareb Mohammad
- BioNMR Laboratory, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Mateos
- BioNMR Laboratory, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Arbesú
- BioNMR Laboratory, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarida Gairí
- NMR Facility, Scientific and Technological Centers, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Farman Ali Khan
- BioNMR Laboratory, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - João M C Teixeira
- BioNMR Laboratory, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Pons
- BioNMR Laboratory, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Erwin N, Dwivedi M, Mejuch T, Waldmann H, Winter R. UNC119A Decreases the Membrane Binding of Myristoylated c-Src. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1482-1487. [PMID: 29700916 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane localization of myristoylated c-Src, a proto-oncogene protein-tyrosine kinase, is required for its signaling activity. Recent studies proposed that UNC119 protein functions as a solubilizing factor for myristoylated proteins, thereby regulating their subcellular distribution and signaling. The underlying molecular mechanism by which UNC119 regulates the membrane binding of c-Src has remained elusive. By combining different biophysical techniques, we have found that binding of a myristoylated c-Src-derived N-terminal peptide (Myr-Src) by UNC119A results in a reduced membrane binding affinity of the peptide, due to the competition of binding to membranes. The dissociation of Myr-Src from membranes is facilitated in the presence of UNC119A, as a consequence of which the clustering propensity of this peptide on the membrane is partially impaired. By these means, UNC119A is able to regulate c-Src spatially in the cytoplasm and on cellular membranes, and this has important implications for its cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Erwin
- Physical Chemistry I, Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mridula Dwivedi
- Physical Chemistry I, Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tom Mejuch
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Plank-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Plank-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I, Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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The SH3 domain of Caskin1 binds to lysophosphatidic acid suggesting a direct role for the lipid in intracellular signaling. Cell Signal 2017; 32:66-75. [PMID: 28104445 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Src homology 3 or SH3 domains constitute one of the most common protein domains in signal transduction, generally characterized by their binding to proline-rich sequences on interacting signaling proteins. Caskin1, a scaffold protein regulating cortical actin filaments, enriched in neural synapses in mammals, has an atypical SH3 domain. Key aromatic residues necessary for ligand binding that are present in canonical SH3 domains are missing from Caskin1 SH3. In concordance, proline-rich interacting partner could not be identified yet. Based on previous reports that several SH3 domains are able to bind phospholipids, we sought for lipid interacting partners of the SH3 domain of human Caskin1. We investigated the signaling-born lysophospholipid mediators, such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as potential binding partners for this SH3 domain. These lipid mediators as first messengers activate G protein-coupled receptors. They also exert several G protein-coupled receptor-independent functions but their intracellular target proteins are mostly unknown. Here we provide evidence that the SH3 domain of human Caskin1 selectively binds to LPA in vitro. The binding strength and stoichiometry depend on the association-state of the lipid, with nanomolar affinity to LPA-containing membraneous surfaces. The amino acids involved in the interaction are located in a β-strand structure and are distinct from those corresponding to the canonical proline-rich ligand-binding groove in the SH3 domain of Src kinase. Our results suggest that the SH3 domain of human Caskin1 is a lipid-binding domain rather than a proline-rich motif interacting domain.
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Le Roux AL, Castro B, Garbacik ET, Garcia Parajo MF, Pons M. Single molecule fluorescence reveals dimerization of myristoylated Src N-terminal region on supported lipid bilayers. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anabel-Lise Le Roux
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory; Organic Chemistry Department; University of Barcelona; Baldiri Reixac 10-12 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Baldiri Reixac 10-12 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Bruno Castro
- ICFO- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques; The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Erik T. Garbacik
- ICFO- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques; The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Maria F. Garcia Parajo
- ICFO- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques; The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona) Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats; 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Miquel Pons
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory; Organic Chemistry Department; University of Barcelona; Baldiri Reixac 10-12 08028 Barcelona Spain
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