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Yang C, Lin ZI, Zhang X, Xu Z, Xu G, Wang YM, Tsai TH, Cheng PW, Law WC, Yong KT, Chen CK. Recent Advances in Engineering Carriers for siRNA Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300362. [PMID: 38150293 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been a promising treatment strategy for combating intractable diseases. However, the applications of RNAi in clinical are hampered by extracellular and intracellular barriers. To overcome these barriers, various siRNA delivery systems have been developed in the past two decades. The first approved RNAi therapeutic, Patisiran (ONPATTRO) using lipids as the carrier, for the treatment of amyloidosis is one of the most important milestones. This has greatly encouraged researchers to work on creating new functional siRNA carriers. In this review, the recent advances in siRNA carriers consisting of lipids, polymers, and polymer-modified inorganic particles for cancer therapy are summarized. Representative examples are presented to show the structural design of the carriers in order to overcome the delivery hurdles associated with RNAi therapies. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspective for developing RNAi as a clinical modality will be discussed and proposed. It is believed that the addressed contributions in this review will promote the development of siRNA delivery systems for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Ian Lin
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Xinmeng Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Min Wang
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Tsai
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 60002, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wing-Cheung Law
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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Cheung E, Xia Y, Caporini MA, Gilmore JL. Tools shaping drug discovery and development. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:031301. [PMID: 38505278 PMCID: PMC10903431 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Spectroscopic, scattering, and imaging methods play an important role in advancing the study of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical therapies. The tools more familiar to scientists within industry and beyond, such as nuclear magnetic resonance and fluorescence spectroscopy, serve two functions: as simple high-throughput techniques for identification and purity analysis, and as potential tools for measuring dynamics and structures of complex biological systems, from proteins and nucleic acids to membranes and nanoparticle delivery systems. With the expansion of commercial small-angle x-ray scattering instruments into the laboratory setting and the accessibility of industrial researchers to small-angle neutron scattering facilities, scattering methods are now used more frequently in the industrial research setting, and probe-less time-resolved small-angle scattering experiments are now able to be conducted to truly probe the mechanism of reactions and the location of individual components in complex model or biological systems. The availability of atomic force microscopes in the past several decades enables measurements that are, in some ways, complementary to the spectroscopic techniques, and wholly orthogonal in others, such as those related to nanomechanics. As therapies have advanced from small molecules to protein biologics and now messenger RNA vaccines, the depth of biophysical knowledge must continue to serve in drug discovery and development to ensure quality of the drug, and the characterization toolbox must be opened up to adapt traditional spectroscopic methods and adopt new techniques for unraveling the complexities of the new modalities. The overview of the biophysical methods in this review is meant to showcase the uses of multiple techniques for different modalities and present recent applications for tackling particularly challenging situations in drug development that can be solved with the aid of fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and small-angle scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Cheung
- Moderna, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Moderna, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Marc A. Caporini
- Moderna, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jamie L. Gilmore
- Moderna, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics have shown great promise in treating a broad spectrum of diseases through various mechanisms including knockdown of pathological genes, expression of therapeutic proteins, and programmed gene editing. Due to the inherent instability and negative-charges of RNA molecules, RNA-based therapeutics can make the most use of delivery systems to overcome biological barriers and to release the RNA payload into the cytosol. Among different types of delivery systems, lipid-based RNA delivery systems, particularly lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), have been extensively studied due to their unique properties, such as simple chemical synthesis of lipid components, scalable manufacturing processes of LNPs, and wide packaging capability. LNPs represent the most widely used delivery systems for RNA-based therapeutics, as evidenced by the clinical approvals of three LNP-RNA formulations, patisiran, BNT162b2, and mRNA-1273. This review covers recent advances of lipids, lipid derivatives, and lipid-derived macromolecules used in RNA delivery over the past several decades. We focus mainly on their chemical structures, synthetic routes, characterization, formulation methods, and structure-activity relationships. We also briefly describe the current status of representative preclinical studies and clinical trials and highlight future opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebao Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Changzhen Sun
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chang Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Katarina E Jankovic
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Sarıkaya İ, Bilgen S, Ünver Y, İnan Bektaş K, Akbaş H. Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial Activity, and Interfacial and Micellar Features of Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Different Spacers. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İkbal Sarıkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Karadeniz Technical University 61080 Trabzon Turkey
| | - Selçuk Bilgen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Karadeniz Technical University 61080 Trabzon Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ünver
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Karadeniz Technical University 61080 Trabzon Turkey
| | - Kadriye İnan Bektaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science Karadeniz Technical University 61080 Trabzon Turkey
| | - Halide Akbaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Trakya University 22030 Edirne Turkey
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Lipid-Nucleic Acid Complexes: Physicochemical Aspects and Prospects for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215006. [PMID: 33126767 PMCID: PMC7662579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an extremely complex disease, typically caused by mutations in cancer-critical genes. By delivering therapeutic nucleic acids (NAs) to patients, gene therapy offers the possibility to supplement, repair or silence such faulty genes or to stimulate their immune system to fight the disease. While the challenges of gene therapy for cancer are significant, the latter approach (a type of immunotherapy) starts showing promising results in early-stage clinical trials. One important advantage of NA-based cancer therapies over synthetic drugs and protein treatments is the prospect of a more universal approach to designing therapies. Designing NAs with different sequences, for different targets, can be achieved by using the same technologies. This versatility and scalability of NA drug design and production on demand open the way for more efficient, affordable and personalized cancer treatments in the future. However, the delivery of exogenous therapeutic NAs into the patients’ targeted cells is also challenging. Membrane-type lipids exhibiting permanent or transient cationic character have been shown to associate with NAs (anionic), forming nanosized lipid-NA complexes. These complexes form a wide variety of nanostructures, depending on the global formulation composition and properties of the lipids and NAs. Importantly, these different lipid-NA nanostructures interact with cells via different mechanisms and their therapeutic potential can be optimized to promising levels in vitro. The complexes are also highly customizable in terms of surface charge and functionalization to allow a wide range of targeting and smart-release properties. Most importantly, these synthetic particles offer possibilities for scaling-up and affordability for the population at large. Hence, the versatility and scalability of these particles seem ideal to accommodate the versatility that NA therapies offer. While in vivo efficiency of lipid-NA complexes is still poor in most cases, the advances achieved in the last three decades are significant and very recently a lipid-based gene therapy medicine was approved for the first time (for treatment of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis). Although the path to achieve efficient NA-delivery in cancer therapy is still long and tenuous, these advances set a new hope for more treatments in the future. In this review, we attempt to cover the most important biophysical and physicochemical aspects of non-viral lipid-based gene therapy formulations, with a perspective on future cancer treatments in mind.
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Andrzejewska W, Wilkowska M, Skrzypczak A, Kozak M. Ammonium Gemini Surfactants Form Complexes with Model Oligomers of siRNA and dsDNA. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225546. [PMID: 31703275 PMCID: PMC6887939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimeric cationic surfactants (gemini-type) are a group of amphiphilic compounds with potential use in gene therapy as effective carriers for nucleic acid transfection (i.e., siRNA, DNA, and plasmid DNA). Our studies have shown the formation of lipoplexes composed of alkanediyl-α,ω-bis[(oxymethyl)dimethyldodecylammonium] chlorides and selected 21-base-pair nucleic acid (dsDNA and siRNA) oligomers. To examine the structure and physicochemical properties of these systems, optical microscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD), small-angle X-ray scattering of synchrotron radiation (SR-SAXS), and agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) were used. The lengths of spacer groups of the studied surfactants had a significant influence on the surfactants’ complexing properties. The lowest charge ratio (p/n) at which stable lipoplexes were observed was 1.5 and the most frequently occurring microstructure of these lipoplexes were cubic and micellar phases for dsDNA and siRNA, respectively. The cytotoxicity tests on HeLa cells indicated the non-toxic concentration of surfactants to be at approximately 10 µM. The dicationic gemini surfactants studied form complexes with siRNA and dsDNA oligomers; however, the complexation process is more effective towards siRNA. Therefore these systems could be applied as transfection systems for therapeutic nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Andrzejewska
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (W.A.); (M.W.)
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michalina Wilkowska
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (W.A.); (M.W.)
| | - Andrzej Skrzypczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Maciej Kozak
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (W.A.); (M.W.)
- Joint SAXS Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-829-5266
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Andrzejewska W, Wilkowska M, Peplińska B, Skrzypczak A, Kozak M. Structural characterization of transfection nanosystems based on tricationic surfactants and short double stranded oligonucleotides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:706-711. [PMID: 31472953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For several years cationic surfactants have been the subjects of extensive studies as potential transgene carriers to be used in gene therapy. We report the formation of stable complexes between 21 base pairs oligonucleotides - siRNA, enhancing DMPK gene, and dsDNA and two tricationic surfactants (1,2,3-propanetri[oxymethyl-3-(1-dodecylimidazolium)]chloride and 1,2,3-propanetri[(oxymethyl)dimethyldodecylammonium]chloride. Structural studies by SAXS and TEM have shown that the dominant structure of the obtained lipoplexes is based on hexagonal, lamellar and cubic phases, packed in highly ordered aggregates. It has been established that tricationic surfactants can be used as siRNA carriers in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Andrzejewska
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michalina Wilkowska
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Peplińska
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland; NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Skrzypczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Kozak
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland; Joint SAXS Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
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Al Abbas A, Heinrich B, L'Her M, Couzigné E, Welter R, Douce L. Bolaamphiphilic liquid crystals based on bis-imidazolium cations. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03590f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rare examples of bolaform ionic materials containing cyanometallates and their lamellar mesomorphic supramolecular architectures are characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Al Abbas
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg
- F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg
- F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Matthieu L'Her
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg
- F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Emilie Couzigné
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg
- F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Richard Welter
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes
- F-67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Laurent Douce
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg
- F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
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