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Abstract
Polyanhydrides (PAs) are a class of synthetic biodegradable polymers employed as controlled drug delivery vehicles. They can be synthesized and scaled up from low-cost starting materials. The structure of PAs can be manipulated synthetically to meet desirable characteristics. PAs are biocompatible, biodegradable, and generate nontoxic metabolites upon degradation, which are easily eliminated from the body. The rate of water penetrating into the polyanhydride (PA) matrix is slower than the anhydride bond cleavage. This phenomenon sets PAs as "surface-eroding drug delivery carriers." Consequently, a variety of PA-based drug delivery carriers in the form of solid implants, pasty injectable formulations, microspheres, nanoparticles, etc. have been developed for the sustained release of small molecule drugs, and vaccines, peptide drugs, and nucleic acid-based active agents. The rate of drug delivery is often controlled by the polymer erosion rate, which is influenced by the polymer structure and composition, crystallinity, hydrophobicity, pH of the release medium, device size, configuration, etc. Owing to the above-mentioned interesting physicochemical and mechanical properties of PAs, the present review focuses on the advancements made in the domain of synthetic biodegradable biomedical PAs for therapeutic delivery applications. Various classes of PAs, their structures, their unique characteristics, their physicochemical and mechanical properties, and factors influencing surface erosion are discussed in detail. The review also summarizes various methods involved in the synthesis of PAs and their utility in the biomedical domain as drug, vaccine, and peptide delivery carriers in different formulations are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulikanti Guruprasad Reddy
- School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Centre for Cannabis Research and the Institute of Drug Research, The Alex Grass Centre for Drug Design and Synthesis, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Centre for Cannabis Research and the Institute of Drug Research, The Alex Grass Centre for Drug Design and Synthesis, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
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Wang Y, Guo K, Wang Q, Zhong G, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Mao X, Li X, Huang Z. Caenorhabditis elegans as an emerging model in food and nutrition research: importance of standardizing base diet. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3167-3185. [PMID: 36200941 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2130875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
As a model organism that has helped revolutionize life sciences, Caenorhabditis elegans has been increasingly used in nutrition research. Here we explore the tradeoffs between pros and cons of its use as a dietary model based primarily on literature review from the past decade. We first provide an overview of its experimental strengths as an animal model, focusing on lifespan and healthspan, behavioral and physiological phenotypes, and conservation of key nutritional pathways. We then summarize recent advances of its use in nutritional studies, e.g. food preference and feeding behavior, sugar status and metabolic reprogramming, lifetime and transgenerational nutrition tracking, and diet-microbiota-host interactions, highlighting cutting-edge technologies originated from or developed in C. elegans. We further review current challenges of using C. elegans as a nutritional model, followed by in-depth discussions on potential solutions. In particular, growth scales and throughputs, food uptake mode, and axenic culture of C. elegans are appraised in the context of food research. We also provide perspectives for future development of chemically defined nematode food ("NemaFood") for C. elegans, which is now widely accepted as a versatile and affordable in vivo model and has begun to show transformative potential to pioneer nutrition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biocosmetics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Guo
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wang
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biocosmetics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohuan Zhong
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Bioresources and Drug Discovery, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Center for Bioresources and Drug Discovery, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biocosmetics, Guangzhou, China
- Perfect Life & Health Institute, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biocosmetics, Guangzhou, China
- Perfect Life & Health Institute, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biocosmetics, Guangzhou, China
- Perfect Life & Health Institute, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zebo Huang
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biocosmetics, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Bioresources and Drug Discovery, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Surfactant-Free Glibenclamide Nanoparticles: Formulation, Characterization and Evaluation of Interactions with Biological Barriers. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1081-1092. [PMID: 34002324 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to formulate and characterize surfactant-free glibenclamide nanoparticles using Eudragit RLPO and polyethylene glycol as sole stabilizer. METHODS Glibenclamide nanoparticles were obtained by nanoprecipitation and evaluated in terms of drug content, encapsulation efficiency, apparent saturation solubility, drug release profile, solid state and storage stability. The influence of different stirring speed on the particle size, size distribution and zeta potential of the nanoparticles was investigated. The nanoparticle biocompatibility and permeability were analyzed in vitro on Caco-2 cell line (clone HTB-37) and its interaction with mucin was also investigated. RESULTS It was found that increasing the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol from 400 to 6000 decreased drug encapsulation, whereas the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of the drug increased. Particle size of the nanoformulations, with and without polyethylene glycol, were between 140 and 460 nm. Stability studies confirmed that glibenclamide nanoparticles were stable, in terms of particle size, after 120 days at 4°C. In vitro studies indicated minimal interactions of glibenclamide nanoparticles and mucin glycoproteins suggesting favorable properties to address the intestinal mucus barrier. Cell viability studies confirmed the safety profile of these nanoparticles and showed an increased permeation through epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Taking into consideration these findings, polyethylene glycol is a useful polymer for stabilizing these surfactant-free glibenclamide nanoparticles and represent a promising alternative to improve the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes.
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Physico-Chemically Distinct Nanomaterials Synthesized from Derivates of a Poly(Anhydride) Diversify the Spectrum of Loadable Antibiotics. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030486. [PMID: 32182677 PMCID: PMC7153258 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology such as nanoencapsulation offer new biomedical applications, potentially increasing the scope and efficacy of therapeutic drug delivery. In addition, the discovery and development of novel biocompatible polymers increases the versatility of these encapsulating nanostructures, enabling chemical properties of the cargo and vehicle to be adapted to specific physiological requirements. Here, we evaluate the capacity of various polymeric nanostructures to encapsulate various antibiotics of different classes, with differing chemical structure. Polymers were sourced from two separate derivatives of poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMVE/MA): an acid (PMVE/MA-Ac) and a monoethyl ester (PMVE/MA-Es). Nanoencapsulation of antibiotics was attempted through electrospinning, and nanoparticle synthesis through solvent displacement, for both polymers. Solvent incompatibilities prevented the nanoencapsulation of amikacin, neomycin and ciprofloxacin in PMVE/MA-Es nanofibers. However, all compounds were successfully loaded into PMVE/MA-Es nanoparticles. Encapsulation efficiencies in nanofibers reached approximately 100% in all compatible systems; however, efficiencies varied substantially in nanoparticles systems, depending on the tested compound (14%-69%). Finally, it was confirmed that both these encapsulation processes did not alter the antimicrobial activity of any tested antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, supporting the viability of these approaches for nanoscale delivery of antibiotics.
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Sammi SR, Foguth RM, Nieves CS, De Perre C, Wipf P, McMurray CT, Lee LS, Cannon JR. Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Produces Dopaminergic Neuropathology in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:417-434. [PMID: 31428778 PMCID: PMC6876260 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been widely utilized in numerous industries. Due to long environmental and biological half-lives, PFOS is a major public health concern. Although the literature suggests that PFOS may induce neurotoxicity, neurotoxic mechanisms, and neuropathology are poorly understood. Thus, the primary goal of this study was to determine if PFOS is selectively neurotoxic and potentially relevant to specific neurological diseases. Nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) were exposed to PFOS or related per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for 72 h and tested for evidence of neuropathology through examination of cholinergic, dopaminergic, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic, and serotoninergic neuronal morphologies. Dopaminergic and cholinergic functional analyses were assessed through 1-nonanol and Aldicarb assay. Mechanistic studies assessed total reactive oxygen species, superoxide ions, and mitochondrial content. Finally, therapeutic approaches were utilized to further examine pathogenic mechanisms. Dopaminergic neuropathology occurred at lower exposure levels (25 ppm, approximately 50 µM) than required to produce neuropathology in GABAergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic neurons (100 ppm, approximately 200 µM). Further, PFOS exposure led to dopamine-dependent functional deficits, without altering acetylcholine-dependent paralysis. Mitochondrial content was affected by PFOS at far lower exposure level than required to induce pathology (≥1 ppm, approximately 2 µM). Perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure also enhanced oxidative stress. Further, mutation in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase rendered animals more vulnerable. Neuroprotective approaches such as antioxidants, PFAS-protein dissociation, and targeted (mitochondrial) radical and electron scavenging were neuroprotective, suggesting specific mechanisms of action. In general, other tested PFAS were less neurotoxic. The primary impact is to prompt research into potential adverse outcomes related to PFAS-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesh Raj Sammi
- School of Health Sciences
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences
| | - Rachel M Foguth
- School of Health Sciences
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences
| | | | - Chloe De Perre
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Peter Wipf
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Cynthia T McMurray
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Linda S Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences
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Menezes PDP, Andrade TDA, Frank LA, de Souza EPBSS, Trindade GDGG, Trindade IAS, Serafini MR, Guterres SS, Araújo AADS. Advances of nanosystems containing cyclodextrins and their applications in pharmaceuticals. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:312-328. [PMID: 30703500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
For many years, researchers have worked with supramolecular structures involving inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins. These studies have resulted in new commercially available drugs which have been of great benefit. More recently, studies using nanoparticles, including nanosystems containing cyclodextrins, have become a focus of academic research due to the versatility of the systems and their remarkable therapeutic potential. This review focuses on studies published between 2002 and 2018 involving nanosystems containing cyclodextrins. We consider the type of nanosystems, their importance in a health context, the physicochemical techniques used to show the quality of these systems and their potential for the development of novel pharmaceutical formulations. These have been developed in recent studies which have mainly been focusing on basic science with no clinical trials as yet being performed. This is important to note because it means that the studies do not include any toxicity tests. Despite this limitation, the characterization assays performed suggest that these new formulations may have therapeutic potential. However, more research is required to assess the efficacy and safety of these nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luiza Abrahão Frank
- College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Nanda A, Sahoo RN, Pramanik A, Mohapatra R, Pradhan SK, Thirumurugan A, Das D, Mallick S. Drug-in-mucoadhesive type film for ocular anti-inflammatory potential of amlodipine: Effect of sulphobutyl-ether-beta-cyclodextrin on permeation and molecular docking characterization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:555-564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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