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Sun M, Liu C, Liu J, Wen J, Hao T, Chen D, Shen Y. A microthrombus-driven fixed-point cleaved nanosystem for preventing post-thrombolysis recurrence via inhibiting ferroptosis. J Control Release 2024; 367:587-603. [PMID: 38309306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Thrombus-induced cardiovascular diseases threaten human health. Current treatment strategies often rely on urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) for its efficacy, yet it has such limiting factors as short half-life, lack of thrombus targeting, and systemic side effects leading to unintended bleeding. In addition, thrombolytic interventions can trigger inflammation-induced damage at thrombus sites, which affects endothelial function. To address these challenges, Fer-1/uPA@pep-CREKA-Lipo (Fu@pep-CLipo) has been developed. This system achieves precise and efficient thrombolysis while enhancing the thrombus microenvironment and mitigating ischemia-reperfusion injury, with exceptional thrombus targeting ability via the strong affinity of the Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala (CREKA) peptide for fibrin. The Cys-Nle-TPRSFL-DSPE (pep) could respond to the thrombus microenvironment and fixed-point cleavage. The uPA component linked to the liposome surface is strategically cleaved upon exposure to abundant thrombin at thrombus sites. Importantly, the inclusion of Fer-1 within Fu@pep-CLipo contributes to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and significantly improves the thrombus microenvironment. This innovative approach not only achieves highly efficient and precise thrombolysis but also positively influences the expression of eNOS protein while suppressing inflammatory factors like TNF-α and IL-6. This dual action contributes to improved thrombus inflammatory microenvironment and mitigated ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tianjiao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Daquan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, China.
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2
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Pichon TJ, White NJ, Pun SH. ENGINEERED INTRAVENOUS THERAPIES FOR TRAUMA. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 27:100456. [PMID: 37456984 PMCID: PMC10343715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2023.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Trauma leading to severe hemorrhage and shock on average kills patients within 3 to 6 hours after injury. With average prehospital transport times reaching 1-6 hours in low- to middle-income countries, stopping the bleeding and reversing hemorrhagic shock is vital. First-generation intravenous hemostats rely on traditional drug delivery platforms, such as self-assembling systems, fabricated nanoparticles, and soluble polymers due to their active targeting, biodistribution, and safety. We discuss some challenges translating these therapies to patients, as very few have successfully made it through preclinical evaluation in large-animals, and none have translated to the clinic. Finally, we discuss the physiology of hemorrhagic shock, highlight a new low volume resuscitant (LVR) PEG-20k, and end with considerations for the rational design of LVRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trey J. Pichon
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15 Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Resuscitation Engineering Science Unit (RESCU), Harborview Research and Training Building, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
| | - Nathan J. White
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Resuscitation Engineering Science Unit (RESCU), Harborview Research and Training Building, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
| | - Suzie H. Pun
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15 Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Resuscitation Engineering Science Unit (RESCU), Harborview Research and Training Building, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
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3
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Li XF, Lu P, Jia HR, Li G, Zhu B, Wang X, Wu FG. Emerging materials for hemostasis. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Engineered Molecular Therapeutics Targeting Fibrin and the Coagulation System: a Biophysical Perspective. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:427-461. [PMID: 35399372 PMCID: PMC8984085 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00950-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coagulation cascade represents a sophisticated and highly choreographed series of molecular events taking place in the blood with important clinical implications. One key player in coagulation is fibrinogen, a highly abundant soluble blood protein that is processed by thrombin proteases at wound sites, triggering self-assembly of an insoluble protein hydrogel known as a fibrin clot. By forming the key protein component of blood clots, fibrin acts as a structural biomaterial with biophysical properties well suited to its role inhibiting fluid flow and maintaining hemostasis. Based on its clinical importance, fibrin is being investigated as a potentially valuable molecular target in the development of coagulation therapies. In this topical review, we summarize our current understanding of the coagulation cascade from a molecular, structural and biophysical perspective. We highlight single-molecule studies on proteins involved in blood coagulation and report on the current state of the art in directed evolution and molecular engineering of fibrin-targeted proteins and polymers for modulating coagulation. This biophysical overview will help acclimatize newcomers to the field and catalyze interdisciplinary work in biomolecular engineering toward the development of new therapies targeting fibrin and the coagulation system.
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Improving Fibrin Hydrogels' Mechanical Properties, through Addition of Silica or Chitosan-Silica Materials, for Potential Application as Wound Dressings. Int J Biomater 2021; 2021:9933331. [PMID: 34188685 PMCID: PMC8192204 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9933331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrin is a protein-based hydrogel formed during blood coagulation. It can also be produced in vitro from human blood plasma, and it is capable of resisting high deformations. However, after each deformation process, it loses high amounts of water, which subsequently makes it mechanically unstable and, finally, difficult to manipulate. The objective of this work was to overcome the in vitro fibrin mechanical instability. The strategy consists of adding silica or chitosan-silica materials and comparing how the different materials electrokinetic-surface properties affect the achieved improvement. The siliceous materials electrostatic and steric stabilization mechanisms, together with plasma protein adsorption on their surfaces, were corroborated by DLS and ζ-potential measurements before fibrin gelling. These properties avoid phase separation, favoring homogeneous incorporation of the solid into the forming fibrin network. Young's modulus of modified fibrin hydrogels was evaluated by AFM to quantitatively measure stiffness. It increased 2.5 times with the addition of 4 mg/mL silica. A similar improvement was achieved with only 0.7 mg/mL chitosan-silica, which highlighted the contribution of hydrophilic chitosan chains to fibrinogen crosslinking. Moreover, these chains avoided the fibroblast growth inhibition onto modified fibrin hydrogels 3D culture observed with silica. In conclusion, 0.7 mg/mL chitosan-silica improved the mechanical stability of fibrin hydrogels with low risks of cytotoxicity. This easy-to-manipulate modified fibrin hydrogel makes it suitable as a wound dressing biomaterial.
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Lamm RJ, Pichon TJ, Huyan F, Wang X, Prossnitz AN, Manner KT, White NJ, Pun SH. Optimizing the Polymer Chemistry and Synthesis Method of PolySTAT, an Injectable Hemostat. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:7011-7020. [PMID: 33320636 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of prehospital hemostatic agents, especially for noncompressible hemorrhage. We previously reported PolySTAT, a unimeric, injectable hemostatic agent, that physically cross-links fibrin to strengthen clots. In this work, we sought to improve the water-solubility and synthesis yield of PolySTAT to increase the likelihood of clinical translation, reduce cost, and facilitate future mass production. First, we focused on side-chain engineering of the carrier polymer backbone to improve water-solubility. We found that substitution of the 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomer with glycerol monomethacrylate (GmMA) significantly improved the water-solubility of PolySTAT without compromising efficacy. Both materials increased clot firmness and decreased lysis as measured by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Additionally, we confirmed the in vivo activity of GmMA-based PolySTAT by improving rat survival in a femoral artery bleed model. Second, to reduce waste, we evaluated PolySTAT synthesis via direct polymerization of peptide monomers. Methacrylamide and methacrylate peptide-monomers were synthesized and polymerized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This approach markedly improved the yield of PolySTAT synthesis while maintaining its biological activity in ROTEM. This work demonstrates the flexibility of PolySTAT to a variety of comonomers and synthetic routes and establishes direct RAFT polymerization of peptide monomers as a potential route of mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Lamm
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Trey J Pichon
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Frederick Huyan
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexander N Prossnitz
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Karl T Manner
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nathan J White
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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7
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Abstract
Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in combat trauma and the secondary cause of death in civilian trauma. A significant number of deaths due to hemorrhage occur before and in the first hour after hospital arrival. A literature search was performed through PubMed, Scopus, and Institute of Scientific Information databases for English language articles using terms relating to hemostatic agents, prehospital, battlefield or combat dressings, and prehospital hemostatic resuscitation, followed by cross-reference searching. Abstracts were screened to determine relevance and whether appropriate further review of the original articles was warranted. Based on these findings, this paper provides a review of a variety of hemostatic agents ranging from clinically approved products for human use to newly developed concepts with great potential for use in prehospital settings. These hemostatic agents can be administered either systemically or locally to stop bleeding through different mechanisms of action. Comparisons of current hemostatic products and further directions for prehospital hemorrhage control are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry T Peng
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, 1133 Sheppard Avenue West, Toronto, ON, M3K 2C9, Canada.
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8
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Lee JH, Jung H, Song J, Choi ES, You G, Mok H. Activated Platelet-Derived Vesicles for Efficient Hemostatic Activity. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e1900338. [PMID: 32053289 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, activated platelet-derived vesicles (Act-VEs) are developed as a novel hemostatic biomaterial. Spherical Act-VEs (114.40 ± 11.69 nm in size) with surface charges of -24.73 ± 1.32 mV are successfully prepared from thrombin-activated murine platelets with high surface expression of active glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa, also known as αIIbβ3) and P-selectin. Although nanosized vesicles from resting platelets (VEs) and Act-VEs showed similar sizes and surface charges, Act-VEs formed much larger aggregates in the presence of thrombin and CaCl2 , compared to VEs. After incubation with fibrinogen, Act-VEs formed much denser fibrin networks compared to platelets or VEs, probably due to active αIIbβ3 on the surfaces of the Act-VEs. After intravenous injection of the Act-VEs, tail bleeding time and the blood loss are greatly reduced by Act-VEs in vivo. In addition, Act-VEs showed approximately sevenfold lower release of pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β (IL-1β) during incubation for 4 days, compared to platelets. Taken together, the formulated Act-VEs can serve as a promising hemostatic biomaterial for the efficient formation of fibrin clots without releasing pro-inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hang Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Song
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seo Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeon You
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Mok
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
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9
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Zheng C, Zeng Q, Pimpi S, Wu W, Han K, Dong K, Lu T. Research status and development potential of composite hemostatic materials. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5395-5410. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00906g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through the discussion of the coagulation mechanism of compositehemostatic materials, the future development potential of hemostatic materials is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Zheng
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an Shaanxi
- P. R. China
| | - Qingyan Zeng
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an Shaanxi
- P. R. China
| | - SaHu Pimpi
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an Shaanxi
- P. R. China
| | - Wendong Wu
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an Shaanxi
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Han
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an Shaanxi
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Dong
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an Shaanxi
- P. R. China
| | - Tingli Lu
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an Shaanxi
- P. R. China
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10
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Roberts IV, Bukhary D, Valdivieso CYL, Tirelli N. Fibrin Matrices as (Injectable) Biomaterials: Formation, Clinical Use, and Molecular Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2019; 20:e1900283. [PMID: 31769933 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on fibrin, starting from biological mechanisms (its production from fibrinogen and its enzymatic degradation), through its use as a medical device and as a biomaterial, and finally discussing the techniques used to add biological functions and/or improve its mechanical performance through its molecular engineering. Fibrin is a material of biological (human, and even patient's own) origin, injectable, adhesive, and remodellable by cells; further, it is nature's most common choice for an in situ forming, provisional matrix. Its widespread use in the clinic and in research is therefore completely unsurprising. There are, however, areas where its biomedical performance can be improved, namely achieving a better control over mechanical properties (and possibly higher modulus), slowing down degradation or incorporating cell-instructive functions (e.g., controlled delivery of growth factors). The authors here specifically review the efforts made in the last 20 years to achieve these aims via biomimetic reactions or self-assembly, as much via formation of hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan Vaughan Roberts
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Deena Bukhary
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nicola Tirelli
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
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11
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Fibrin as a Multipurpose Physiological Platform for Bone Tissue Engineering and Targeted Delivery of Bioactive Compounds. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110556. [PMID: 31661853 PMCID: PMC6920828 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone graft is still considered as the gold standard method, bone tissue engineering offers promising alternatives designed to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to guide bone regeneration process. In this attempt, due to their similarity to the ECM and their low toxicity/immunogenicity properties, growing attention is paid to natural polymers. In particular, considering the early critical role of fracture hematoma for bone healing, fibrin, which constitutes blood clot, is a candidate of choice. Indeed, in addition to its physiological roles in bone healing cascade, fibrin biochemical characteristics make it suitable to be used as a multipurpose platform for bioactive agents’ delivery. Thus, taking advantage of these key assets, researchers and clinicians have the opportunity to develop composite systems that might further improve bone tissue reconstruction, and more generally prevent/treat skeletal disorders.
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12
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Mihalko E, Brown AC. Clot Structure and Implications for Bleeding and Thrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2019; 46:96-104. [PMID: 31614389 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1696944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a fibrin clot matrix plays a critical role in promoting hemostasis and wound healing. Fibrin dynamics can become disadvantageous in the formation of aberrant thrombus development. Structural characteristics of clots, such as fiber diameter, clot density, stiffness, or permeability, can determine overall clot integrity and functional characteristics that have implications on coagulation and fibrinolysis. This review examines known factors that contribute to changes in clot structure and the presence of structural clot changes in various disease states. These insights provide valuable information in forming therapeutic strategies for disease states where alterations in clot structure are observed. Additionally, the implications of structural changes in clot networks on bleeding and thrombus development in terms of disease states and clinical outcomes are also examined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mihalko
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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13
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Sproul EP, Nandi S, Chee E, Sivadanam S, Igo BJ, Schreck L, Brown AC. Development of biomimetic antimicrobial platelet-like particles comprised of microgel nanogold composites. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 6:299-309. [PMID: 33225044 PMCID: PMC7678143 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A blood clot is formed in response to bleeding by platelet aggregation and adherence to fibrin fibers. Platelets contract over time, stabilizing the clot, which contributes to wound healing. We have developed platelet-like particles (PLPs) that augment clotting and induce clot retraction by mimicking the fibrin-binding capabilities and morphology of native platelets. Wound repair following hemostasis can be complicated by infection; therefore, we aim to augment wound healing by combining PLPs with antimicrobial gold to develop nanogold composites (NGCs). PLPs were synthesized with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm)/co-acrylic acid in a precipitation polymerization reaction and conjugated to a fibrin-specific antibody. Two methods were employed to create NGCs: 1) noncovalent swelling with aqueous gold nanospheres, and 2) covalent seeding and growth. Since the ability of PLPs to mimic platelet morphology and clot retraction requires a high degree of particle deformability, we investigated how PLPs created from NGCs affected these properties. Cryogenic Scanning Electron Microscopy (cryoSEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated that particle deformability, platelet-mimetic morphology and clot retraction were maintained in NGC-based PLPs. The effect of NGCs on bacterial adhesion and growth was assessed with antimicrobial assays. These results demonstrate NGCs fabricated through noncovalent and covalent methods retain deformability necessary for clot collapse and exhibit some antimicrobial potential. Therefore, NGCs are promising materials for preventing hemorrhage and infection following trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin P. Sproul
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Seema Nandi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Eunice Chee
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Supriya Sivadanam
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
| | - Benjamin J. Igo
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
| | - Luisa Schreck
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ashley C. Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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14
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Lu X, Ding Z, Xu F, Lu Q, Kaplan DL. Subtle Regulation of Scaffold Stiffness for the Optimized Control of Cell Behavior. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3108-3119. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhao Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengrui Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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