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He S, Ho Row K, Tang W. Deep eutectic solvents based in situ isolation technique for extractive deterpenation of essential oils. Food Chem 2024; 431:137153. [PMID: 37603995 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils, intricate blends of volatile compounds obtained from a variety of sources, play a crucial role in numerous industries. To elevate product quality, deterpenation becomes an indispensable step. This study proposes an in situ isolation technique based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for the deterpenation of essential oil. Salient features of relevant compounds were obtained using conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) and density functional theory (DFT) methods to predict deterpenation performance. Tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) was chosen based on the results of theoretical analysis and experiment to extract hydroxy-terpenoids. COSMO-RS was employed to evaluate the extraction performance at different molar ratios, and then combined with experimental analysis to determine the optimal conditions. The σ-profiles of organic solvents and their interactions with terpene revealed n-hexane to be the best solvent for purifying DES. TBAC and terpenoids were obtained through the re-extraction procedure, with a recovery of 81.8-84.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile He
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 402-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 402-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Weiyang Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China.
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2
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Zhang M, Zhuang X, Li S, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li J, Wu D. Designed Fabrication of Phloretin-Loaded Propylene Glycol Binary Ethosomes: Stability, Skin Permeability and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2023; 29:66. [PMID: 38202649 PMCID: PMC10780158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Binary ethosome vesicles have been developed as flexible lipid vesicles for the enhanced physicochemical stability and skin delivery of drugs. This work aimed to prepare phloretin-loaded propylene glycol ethosomes (PHL-PGEs) to improve their stability, skin permeability and antioxidant activity. PHL-PGEs were prepared via the ethanol injection method and optimized using different weight ratios of ethanol to propylene glycol (PG). When the ethanol/PG mass ratio changed from 10:0 to 0:10, the encapsulation efficiency and stability of ethosomes increased. At a PHL concentration of 1mg/mL, the EE% was 89.42 ± 2.42 and the DL% was 4.21 ± 0.04, which exhibited their highest values. The encapsulation of the PHL in the PHL-PGEs was strengthened via XRD analysis and FTIR analysis. The results of the in vitro percutaneous permeability test demonstrated that the combined use of ethanol and PG exhibited a notable enhancement in skin permeability, and the skin retention of PHL-PGEs was 1.06 times that of PHL-ethosomes (PHL-Es) and 2.24 times that of the PHL solution. An in vitro antioxidant activity study indicated that solubility and antioxidant activity was potentiated via the nanoencapsulation of phloretin. Therefore, these results confirm the potential of this nanocarrier to enhance physicochemical stability, skin permeability and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (M.Z.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Xue Zhuang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (M.Z.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Siqi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (M.Z.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Yansong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (M.Z.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (M.Z.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Jinlian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (M.Z.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (M.Z.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
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AbouSamra MM, Farouk F, Abdelhamed FM, Emam KAF, Abdeltawab NF, Salama AH. Synergistic approach for acne vulgaris treatment using glycerosomes loaded with lincomycin and lauric acid: Formulation, in silico, in vitro, LC-MS/MS skin deposition assay and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123487. [PMID: 37805147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to develop a pharmaceutical formulation that combines the potent antibacterial effect of lincomycin and lauric acid against Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), a bacterium implicated in acne. The selection of lauric acid was based on an in silico study, which suggested that its interaction with specific protein targets of C. acnes may contribute to its synergistic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. To achieve our aim, glycerosomes were fabricated with the incorporation of lauric acid as a main constituent of glycerosomes vesicular membrane along with cholesterol and phospholipon 90H, while lincomycin was entrapped within the aqueous cavities. Glycerol is expected to enhance the cutaneous absorption of the active moieties via hydrating the skin. Optimization of lincomycin-loaded glycerosomes (LM-GSs) was conducted using a mixed factorial experimental design. The optimized formulation; LM-GS4 composed of equal ratios of cholesterol:phospholipon90H:Lauric acid, demonstrated a size of 490 ± 17.5 nm, entrapment efficiency-values of 90 ± 1.4 % for lincomycin, and97 ± 0.2 % for lauric acid, and a surface charge of -30.2 ± 0.5mV. To facilitate its application on the skin, the optimized formulation was incorporated into a carbopol hydrogel. The formed hydrogel exhibited a pH value of 5.95 ± 0.03 characteristic of pH-balanced skincare and a shear-thinning non-Newtonian pseudoplastic flow. Skin deposition of lincomycin was assessed using an in-house developed and validated LC-MS/MS method employing gradient elution and electrospray ionization detection. Results revealed that LM-GS4 hydrogel exhibited a two-fold increase in skin deposition of lincomycin compared to lincomycin hydrogel, indicating improved skin penetration and sustained release. The synergistic healing effect of LM-GS4 was evidenced by a reduction in inflammation, bacterial load, and improved histopathological changes in an acne mouse model. In conclusion, the proposed formulation demonstrated promising potential as a topical treatment for acne. It effectively enhanced the cutaneous absorption of lincomycin, exhibited favorable physical properties, and synergistic antibacterial and healing effects. This study provides valuable insights for the development of an effective therapeutic approach for acne management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M AbouSamra
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Faten Farouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6(th) of October City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farah M Abdelhamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khloud A F Emam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourtan F Abdeltawab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Salama
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6(th) of October City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Castagliuolo G, Di Napoli M, Vaglica A, Badalamenti N, Antonini D, Varcamonti M, Bruno M, Zanfardino A, Bazan G. Thymus richardii subsp. nitidus (Guss.) Jalas Essential Oil: An Ally against Oral Pathogens and Mouth Health. Molecules 2023; 28:4803. [PMID: 37375358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Thymus L., belonging to the Lamiaceae family, contains about 220 species with a distribution that mainly extends in Europe, northwest Africa, Ethiopia, Asia, and southern Greenland. Due to their excellent biological properties, fresh and/or dried leaves and aerial parts of several Thymus ssp. have been utilized in the traditional medicine of many countries. To evaluate not only the chemical aspects but also the biological properties, the essential oils (EOs), obtained from the pre-flowering and flowering aerial parts of Thymus richardii subsp. nitidus (Guss.) Jalas, endemic to Marettimo Island (Sicily, Italy), were investigated. The chemical composition of the EOs, obtained by classical hydrodistillation and GC-MS and GC-FID analyses, showed the occurrence of similar amounts of monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The main constituents of the pre-flowering oil were β-bisabolene (28.54%), p-cymene (24.45%), and thymol methyl ether (15.90%). The EO obtained from the flowering aerial parts showed as principal metabolites β-bisabolene (17.91%), thymol (16.26%), and limonene (15.59%). The EO of the flowering aerial parts, and its main pure constituents, β-bisabolene, thymol, limonene, p-cymene, and thymol methyl ether were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens and for their antibiofilm and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Castagliuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Di Napoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vaglica
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Badalamenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Antonini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bazan
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Sardellitti L, Bortone A, Filigheddu E, Serralutzu F, Milia EP. Xerostomia: From Pharmacological Treatments to Traditional Medicine-An Overview on the Possible Clinical Management and Prevention Using Systemic Approaches. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:4412-4426. [PMID: 37232794 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30050336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite high incidence rates and severe complications, the management of xerostomia lacks clinical guidelines. The aim of this overview was to summarize the clinical experience derived from the last 10 years of treatments and prevention using systemic compounds. Results showed that the cytoprotective drug amifostine, and its antioxidant agents, are the most discussed as preventive agents of xerostomia in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. In the presence of the disease, the pharmacological treatments have been mainly directed to stimulate secretion of the damaged salivary glands, or to counteract a decreased capacity of the antioxidant system, in view of an increasing of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the data demonstrated low ability of the drugs, together with a great number of side effects, which strongly limit their use. Concerning traditional medicine (TM), valid clinical trials are so limited that neither the efficacy nor the absence of interferences to concomitant chemical therapies can be validated. Consequently, the management of xerostomia and its devastating complications remain a very significant void in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Sardellitti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Dental Unit, Head and Neck Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Bortone
- Dental Unit, Head and Neck Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Enrica Filigheddu
- Dental Unit, Head and Neck Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Serralutzu
- Institute for Animal Production Systems in the Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM)-Section of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Egle Patrizia Milia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Dental Unit, Head and Neck Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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6
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The In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Effect of Edible Oils: A Review on Cell Interactions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030869. [PMID: 36986730 PMCID: PMC10056871 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of edible oils is a significant part of the dietary pattern in the developed and developing world. Marine and vegetable oils are assumed to be part of a healthy food pattern, especially if one takes into account their potential role in protecting against inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome due to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids and minor bioactive compounds. Exploring the potential effect of edible fats and oils on health and chronic diseases is an emerging field worldwide. This study reviews the current knowledge of the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo effect of edible oils in contact with various cell types and aims to demonstrate which nutritional and bioactive components of a variety of edible oils present biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, antitumor activity, anti-angiogenic activity, and antioxidant activity. Through this review, a wide variety of cell interactions with edible oils and their potential to counteract oxidative stress in pathological conditions are presented as well. Moreover, the gaps in current knowledge are also highlighted, and future perspectives on edible oils and their health benefits and potential to counteract a wide variety of diseases through possible molecular mechanisms are also discussed.
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7
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Manconi M, Rezvani M, Manca ML, Escribano-Ferrer E, Fais S, Orrù G, Lammers T, Asunis F, Muntoni A, Spiga D, De Gioannis G. Bridging biotechnology and nanomedicine to produce biogreen whey-nanovesicles for intestinal health promotion. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122631. [PMID: 36690128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
New intestinal health-promoting biotechnological nanovesicles were manufactured by combining the main environmental pollutant generated from the cheese-making process, whey, with phospholipid, sodium hyaluronate and dextrin, thus overcoming environmental and medical challenges. An efficient, consolidated and eco-friendly preparation method was employed to manufacture the vesicles and the bioactive whey was obtained by mesophilic dark fermentation without external inoculum through a homolactic pathway, which was operated in such a way as to maximize the production of lactic acid. The biotechnological nutriosomes and hyalonutriosomes were relatively small (∼100 nm) and characterized by the net negative surface charge (>-30 mV). The addition of maltodextrin to the liposomes and especially to the hyalurosomes significantly stabilized the vesicles under acidic conditions, simulating the gastric environment, as their size and polydispersity index were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of the other formulations. The vesicles were effectively internalized by Caco-2 cells and protected them against oxidative stress. Nutriosomes promoted the proliferation of Streptococcus salivarius, a human commensal bacterium, to a better extent (p < 0.05) than liposomes and hyalurosomes, as a function of the concentration tested. These findings could open a new horizon in intestinal protection and health promotion by integrating biotechnology, nanomedicine, sustainability principles and bio-circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maryam Rezvani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Fais
- Department of Surgical Science, Molecular Biology Service Lab (MBS), University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 40, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Surgical Science, Molecular Biology Service Lab (MBS), University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 40, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabiano Asunis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Aldo Muntoni
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123, Cagliari, Italy; National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering (IGAG), Piazza d'Armi 1, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Spiga
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgia De Gioannis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123, Cagliari, Italy; National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering (IGAG), Piazza d'Armi 1, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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8
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Phytochemistry, pharmacological investigations, industrial applications, and encapsulation of Thymbra capitata L., a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Magdy M, Elmowafy E, El-Assal MI, Ishak RA. Engineered triamcinolone acetonide loaded glycerosomes as a novel ear delivery system for the treatment of otitis media. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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10
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Augmented local skin accumulation efficiency of sertaconazole nitrate via glycerosomal hydrogel: Formulation, statistical optimization, ex vivo performance and in vivo penetration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Li G, Liu S, Zhou Q, Han J, Qian C, Li Y, Meng X, Gao X, Zhou T, Li P, Gu Q. Effect of Response Surface Methodology-Optimized Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment Extraction on the Composition of Essential Oil Released From Tribute citrus Peels. Front Nutr 2022; 9:840780. [PMID: 35571948 PMCID: PMC9097513 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.840780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional hydrodistillation (HD) and ultrasound-assisted pretreatment extraction (UAPE) methods were proposed to obtain essential oil (EO) from Tribute citrus (TC) peels. The Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the HD and UAPE procedures. Moreover, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose) were applied to identify the discrepancy of the extraction methods. The yield of EO extracted by UAPE (114.02 mg/g) was significantly higher than that by HD (85.67 mg/g) (p < 0.01) undergoing 40 min short time-consuming UPAE. A total of 28 compounds were extracted from the TC peels as terpenes were the predominant components. d-Limonene was the most vital compound in the T. citrus essential oil (TCEO), accounting for 86.38% of the total volatile concentration in HD and 86.75% in UAPE, respectively, followed by α-pinene, sabinene, γ-myrcene, and β-phellandrene. The chart of radar and graphic of the principal component analysis by E-nose displayed no significance, which was similar to the GC-MS results. This study demonstrated that UAPE is an efficient and short time-consuming method for TCEO extraction, which provides a promising method for the separation of EO from aromatic plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiarun Han
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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Safta DA, Bogdan C, Moldovan ML. Vesicular Nanocarriers for Phytocompounds in Wound Care: Preparation and Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050991. [PMID: 35631577 PMCID: PMC9147886 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to develop wound healing preparations is a pressing challenge given the limitations of the current treatment and the rising prevalence of impaired healing wounds. Although herbal extracts have been used for many years to treat skin disorders, due to their wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, their efficacy can be questionable because of their poor bioavailability and stability issues. Nanotechnology offers an opportunity to revolutionize wound healing therapies by including herbal compounds in nanosystems. Particularly, vesicular nanosystems exhibit beneficial properties, such as biocompatibility, targeted and sustained delivery capacity, and increased phytocompounds’ bioavailability and protection, conferring them a great potential for future applications in wound care. This review summarizes the beneficial effects of phytocompounds in wound healing and emphasizes the advantages of their entrapment in vesicular nanosystems. Different types of lipid nanocarriers are presented (liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, cubosomes, and their derivates’ systems), highlighting their applications as carriers for phytocompounds in wound care, with the presentation of the state-of-art in this field. The methods of preparation, characterization, and evaluation are also described, underlining the properties that ensure good in vitro and in vivo performance. Finally, future directions of topical systems in which vesicle-bearing herbal extracts or phytocompounds can be incorporated are pointed out, as their development is emerging as a promising strategy.
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13
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Formulation and In Vitro Efficacy Assessment of Teucrium marum Extract Loading Hyalurosomes Enriched with Tween 80 and Glycerol. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071096. [PMID: 35407213 PMCID: PMC9000414 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The extract of Teucrium marum L. (Lamiaceae) was obtained using the aerial parts of the plant, by means of a maceration process. Verbascoside, caffeic acids derivatives and flavonols were the main components contained in the extract as detected using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) as an analytical method. The extract was successfully incorporated into hyalurosomes, which were further enriched by adding a water cosolvent (glycerol) and a surfactant (Tween 80), thus obtaining glycerohyalurosomes. Liposomes, transfersomes and glycerosomes were prepared as well and used as comparisons. All vesicles were small, as the mean diameter was never higher than ~115 nm, thus ideal for topical application and stable on storage, probably thanks to the highly negative surface charge of the vesicles (~−33 mV). The cryo-TEM images confirmed the formation of close-packed, oligolamellar and multicompartment hyalurosomes and glycerohyalurosomes in which around 95% of the used extract was retained, confirming their ability to simultaneously load a wide range of molecules having different chemical natures. Moreover, the extract, when loaded in hyalurosomes and glycerohyalurosomes was able to counteract the damages induced in the fibroblasts by hydrogen peroxide to a better extent (viability~110%) than that loaded in the other vesicles (viability~100%), and effectively promoted their proliferation and migration ensuring the healing of the wound performed in a cell monolayer (scratch assay) during 48 h of experiment. Overall in vitro results confirmed the potential of glycerohyalurosomes as delivery systems for T. marum extract for the treatment of skin lesions connected with oxidative stress.
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Optimizing glycerosome formulations via an orthogonal experimental design to enhance transdermal triptolide delivery. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:135-146. [PMID: 36651523 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Triptolide exerts strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects; however, its oral administration might be associated with side effects. Transdermal administration can improve the safety of triptolide. In this study, glycerosomes were prepared as the transdermal vehicle to enhance the transdermal delivery of triptolide. With entrapment efficiency and drug loading as dependent variables, the glycerosome formulation was optimized using an orthogonal experimental design. Phospholipid-to-cholesterol and phospholipid-to-triptolide mass ratios of 30:1 and 5:1, respectively and a glycerol concentration of 20 % (V/V) were used in the optimization. The glycerosomes prepared with the optimized formulation showed good stability, with an average particle size of 153.10 ± 2.69 nm, a zeta potential of -45.73 ± 0.60 mV and an entrapment greater than 75 %. Glycerosomes significantly increased the transdermal delivery of triptolide compared to conventional liposomes. As efficient carriers for the transdermal delivery of drugs, glycerosomes can potentially be used as an alternative to oral triptolide administration.
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Castangia I, Manconi M, Allaw M, Perra M, Orrù G, Fais S, Scano A, Escribano-Ferrer E, Ghavam M, Rezvani M, Manca ML. Mouthwash Formulation Co-Delivering Quercetin and Mint Oil in Liposomes Improved with Glycol and Ethanol and Tailored for Protecting and Tackling Oral Cavity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020367. [PMID: 35204248 PMCID: PMC8868597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was the simultaneous loading of quercetin and mint essential oil (mint oil) in phospholipid vesicles specifically tailored to obtain an antibacterial and antioxidant mouthwash. The vesicles were prepared using soy lecithin and Tween 80 as bilayer components, and a mixture of phosphate buffer solution (33%), propylene glycol (33%) and ethanol (33%) as dispersing phase. The formation of regularly shaped, spherical and unilamellar vesicles was confirmed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy analyses. Similarly, light scattering results disclosed that the size of the vesicles increased by increasing the concentration of mint oil, but at the same time the high amount of mint oil ensured high stability, as the size of these vesicles remained unchanged during 12 months of storage. All tested formulations were highly biocompatible towards epithelial cells and capable of counteracting oxidative cell damages caused by hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the vesicles prepared with the highest concentration of mint oil inhibited the proliferation of the cariogenic Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Castangia
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Drug Science Division, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (I.C.); (M.A.); (M.P.); (M.R.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Drug Science Division, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (I.C.); (M.A.); (M.P.); (M.R.); (M.L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0706758542; Fax: +39-0706758553
| | - Mohamad Allaw
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Drug Science Division, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (I.C.); (M.A.); (M.P.); (M.R.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Matteo Perra
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Drug Science Division, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (I.C.); (M.A.); (M.P.); (M.R.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Germano Orrù
- Molecular Biology Service Laboratory, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.O.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Sara Fais
- Molecular Biology Service Laboratory, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.O.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Molecular Biology Service Laboratory, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.O.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mansureh Ghavam
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan 8731753153, Iran;
| | - Maryam Rezvani
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Drug Science Division, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (I.C.); (M.A.); (M.P.); (M.R.); (M.L.M.)
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Drug Science Division, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (I.C.); (M.A.); (M.P.); (M.R.); (M.L.M.)
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Gil KA, Jerković I, Marijanović Z, Manca ML, Caddeo C, Tuberoso CIG. Evaluation of an innovative sheep cheese with antioxidant activity enriched with different thyme essential oil lecithin liposomes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Furquim Dos Santos Cardoso V, Amaral Roppa RH, Antunes C, Silva Moraes AN, Santi L, Konrath EL. Efficacy of medicinal plant extracts as dental and periodontal antibiofilm agents: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114541. [PMID: 34416298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The presence of biofilm in oral cavity is associated with dental plaque and related diseases, including gingivitis, periodontitis and inflammatory responses. Some medicinal plants traditionally used for biofilm-associated pathologies such as Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Punica granatum L. and Lippia sidoides Cham. are currently incorporated into dosage forms as antiplaque agents. AIMS OF THE STUDY To present the current application of medicinal plant extracts associated in drug dosages to control microbial biofilms, with emphasis on those present in the oral cavity, especially to treat dental plaque. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PRISMA-compliant systematic search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. After the abstract and full-text analysis, the Cochrane Collaboration's tools for clinical studies was applied to assess the methodological quality of randomized clinical trials. RESULTS Of 964 potentially eligible studies, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Camellia sinensis was the most commonly used species (8 studies), with positive results in reducing both the PI and GI in the form of mouthwash, toothpaste and gel. The Melaleuca alternifolia oil (5 studies) demonstrated low reduction in PI but important effects on GI scores. Azadirachta indica (4 studies) extracts presented efficacy similar to CHX to improve the periodontal parameters, including PI and GI. Ricinus communis oil (3 studies), despite reducing microbiological counts and GI, did not prove to be better than the hypochlorite solution, used as an alternative treatment for dentures. The main bioactive compounds described for the plant species are polyphenols, essential oils and alkaloids, most of them with identified antibiofilm activities. CONCLUSIONS These active species could lead to future development of safer and newer treatments for oral biofilm-associated infections. However, more studies are needed to further understand the clinical relevance of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Haack Amaral Roppa
- Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Antunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Naiara Silva Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Santi
- Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Antimicrobial Activity of Carvacrol against Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, An In-Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN APPLIED AND BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/rabms.7.4.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gupta MK, Sansare V, Shrivastava B, Jadhav S, Gurav P. Comprehensive review on use of phospholipid based vesicles for phytoactive delivery. J Liposome Res 2021; 32:211-223. [PMID: 34727833 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2021.1968430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived phytoconstituents are well known for their therapeutic potential. It has been experimentally demonstrated that whole-plant extract or isolated phytoconstituents reveal various therapeutic potentials like hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, antitumor, antioxidant, skin protectives, etc. Although these phytoconstituents have potential therapeutic benefits, their use is limited due to their poor bioavailability, stability in biological fluids, and authentication issues. These continue to be an open problem that affects the application of these valuable ancient herbal herbs in the effective treatment and management of various disease conditions. A potential solution to these difficult problems could be the loading of phytoactives in phospholipid-based vesicular systems. Phospholipid-based vesicles like liposomes, phytosomes, ethosomes as well as transfersomes were effectively utilized recently to solve drawbacks and for effective delivery of phytoactives. Several landmark studies observed better therapeutic efficacy of phytoactive loaded vesicles compared to conventional drug delivery. Thus phospholipid-based vesicles mediated phytoactive delivery is a recently developed promising and attractive strategy for better therapeutic control on disease conditions. The present short review highlights recent advances in herbal bioactive loaded phospholipid-based vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | - Vipul Sansare
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Santosh Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVPM'S College of Pharmacy, Malegaon, India
| | - Prashant Gurav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indira Institute of Pharmacy, Sadavali, India
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21
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Effects of Essential Oils and Selected Compounds from Lamiaceae Family as Adjutants on the Treatment of Subjects with Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Risk. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils from different plant species were found to contain different compounds exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects with the potential to be a valid alternative to conventional chemotherapy that is limited in long-term use due to its serious side effects. Generally, the first mechanism by which an organism counteracts injurious stimuli is inflammation, which is considered a part of the innate immune system. Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease caused by a dysbiosis in the subgingival microbiome that triggers an exacerbated immune response of the host. The immune–inflammatory component leads to the destruction of gingival and alveolar bone tissue. The main anti-inflammation strategies negatively modulate the inflammatory pathways and the involvement of inflammatory mediators by interfering with the gene’s expression or on the activity of some enzymes and so affecting the release of proinflammatory cytokines. These effects are a possible target from an effective and safe approach, suing plant-derived anti-inflammatory agents. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current evidence about the effects of essentials oils from derived from plants of the Lamiaceae family as complementary agents for the treatment of subjects with periodontitis and their possible effect on the cardiovascular risk of these patients.
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Allaw M, Manca ML, Gómez-Fernández JC, Pedraz JL, Terencio MC, Sales OD, Nacher A, Manconi M. Oleuropein multicompartment nanovesicles enriched with collagen as a natural strategy for the treatment of skin wounds connected with oxidative stress. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2363-2376. [PMID: 34632820 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Collagen-enriched transfersomes, glycerosomes and glytransfersomes were specifically tailored for skin delivery of oleuropein. Methods: Vesicles were prepared by direct sonication and their main physicochemical and technological properties were measured. Biocompatibility, protective effect and promotion of the healing of a wounded cell monolayer were tested in vitro using fibroblasts. Results: Vesicles were mainly multicompartment, small (∼108 nm), slightly polydispersed (approximately 0.27) and negatively charged (~-49 mV). Oleuropein was incorporated in high amounts (approximately 87%) and vesicles were stable during four months of storage. In vitro studies confirmed the low toxicity of formulations (viability ≥95%), their effectiveness in counteracting nitric oxide generation and damages caused by free oxygen radicals, especially when collagen glytransfersomes were used (viability ~100%). These vesicles also promoted the regeneration of a wounded area by promoting the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Conclusion: Collagen-enriched vesicles are promising formulations capable of speeding up the healing of the wounded skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Allaw
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari, 09124, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari, 09124, Italy
| | - Juan Carmelo Gómez-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology A, Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Josè Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Terencio
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Octavio Diez Sales
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Parasitology, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Nacher
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Parasitology, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Manconi
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari, 09124, Italy
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Li A, Khan IN, Khan IU, Yousaf AM, Shahzad Y. Gellan Gum-Based Bilayer Mucoadhesive Films Loaded with Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride and Clove Oil for Possible Treatment of Periodontitis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:3937-3952. [PMID: 34556975 PMCID: PMC8453438 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s328722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Periodontitis is a widely spread oral infection and various antibiotics are utilized for its treatment, but high oral doses and development of antibiotic resistance limit their use. This study was aimed at development of natural polymer-based mucoadhesive bilayer films loaded with moxifloxacin hydrochloride (Mox) and clove essential oil (CEO) to potentially combat bacterial infection associated with periodontitis. Methods Films were synthesized by double solvent casting technique having an antibiotic in the gellan gum-based primary layer with clove oil in a hydroxyethyl cellulose-based secondary layer. Results Prepared films were transparent, flexible, and showed high antibacterial response against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The films showed excellent pharmaceutical attributes in terms of drug content, folding endurance, swelling index, and mucoadhesive strength. Solid state characterization of formulation showed successful incorporation of drug and oil in separate layers of hydrogel structure. An in-vitro release study showed an initial burst release of drug followed by sustained release for up to 48 hours. Conclusion The prepared mucoadhesive bilayer buccal films could be used as a potential therapeutic option for the management of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ifrah Nabi Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Yasser Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
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Amissah F, Andey T, Ahlschwede KM. Nanotechnology-based therapies for the prevention and treatment of Streptococcus mutans-derived dental caries. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:327-336. [PMID: 34536629 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries results from long-term acid production when sugar is metabolized by a bacterial biofilm, resulting in a loss of calcium and phosphate from the enamel. Streptococcus mutans is a type of acid-producing bacteria and a virulent contributor to oral biofilms. Conventional treatment options, such as cefazolin and ampicillin, have significant levels of bacterial resistance. Other topical agents, such as fluoride, tend to be washed away by saliva, resulting in low therapeutic efficacy. HIGHLIGHT This review aims to highlight the solubility issues that plague poorly water-soluble therapeutic agents, various novel polymeric, and lipid-based nanotechnology systems that aim to improve the retention of therapeutic agents in the oral cavity. CONCLUSION In this review, different formulation types demonstrated improved therapeutic outcomes by enhancing drug solubility, promoting penetration into the deep layers of the biofilm, facilitating prolonged residence time in the buccal cavity, and reducing the emergence of drug-resistant phenotypes. These formulations have a strong potential to give new life to therapeutic agents that have limited physicochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Amissah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Terrick Andey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, MCPHS University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kristen M Ahlschwede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
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Kathuria H, Handral HK, Cha S, Nguyen DTP, Cai J, Cao T, Wu C, Kang L. Enhancement of Skin Delivery of Drugs Using Proposome Depends on Drug Lipophilicity. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1457. [PMID: 34575533 PMCID: PMC8469902 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the propylene glycol-based liposomes named 'proposomes' in enhancing skin permeation of drugs with different physicochemical properties. Ibuprofen, tofacitinib citrate, rhodamine B, and lidocaine were loaded into proposomes. These drug formulations were analyzed for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro skin permeation. The confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed on skin treated with calcein and rhodamine B laden proposomes. The transdermal delivery relative to physicochemical properties of drugs such as logP, melting point, molecular weight, solubility, etc., were analyzed. We tested the safety of the proposomes using reconstructed human skin tissue equivalents, which were fabricated in-house. We also used human cadaver skin samples as a control. The proposomes had an average diameter of 128 to 148 nm. The drug's entrapment efficiencies were in the range of 42.9-52.7%, translating into the significant enhancement of drug permeation through the skin. The enhancement ratio was 1.4 to 4.0, and linearly correlated to logP, molecular weight, and melting point. Confocal imaging also showed higher skin permeation of calcein and rhodamine B in proposome than in solution. The proposome was found safe for skin application. The enhancement of skin delivery of drugs through proposomes was dependent on the lipophilicity of the drug. The entrapment efficiency was positively correlated with logP of the drug, which led to high drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (H.K.); (S.C.); (D.T.P.N.)
| | - Harish K. Handral
- Stem Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore 138668, Singapore;
| | - Saera Cha
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (H.K.); (S.C.); (D.T.P.N.)
| | - Diep T. P. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (H.K.); (S.C.); (D.T.P.N.)
| | - Junyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Tong Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore;
| | - Chunyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
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Essential Oil-Loaded NLC for Potential Intranasal Administration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081166. [PMID: 34452126 PMCID: PMC8399280 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicines represent an interesting field of research on which worldwide academics are focusing many efforts. In particular, the possibility to exploit pharmaceutical technology strategies, such as the nanoencapsulation, for the delivery of essential oils is emerging as a promising strategy not only in Italy but also all over the world. The aim of this work was the development of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for the delivery of essential oils (Lavandula, Mentha, and Rosmarinus) by intranasal administration, an interesting topic in which Italian contributions have recently increased. Essential oil-loaded NLC, projected as a possible add-on strategy in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, were characterized in comparison to control formulations prepared with Tegosoft CT and Neem oil. Homogeneous (polydispersity index, PDI < 0.2) nanoparticles with a small size (<200 nm) and good stability were obtained. Morphological and physical-chemical studies showed the formation of different structures depending on the nature of the liquid oil component. In particular, NLC prepared with Lavandula or Rosmarinus showed the formation of a more ordered structure with higher cytocompatibility on two cell lines, murine and human fibroblasts. Taken together, our preliminary results show that optimized positively charged NLC containing Lavandula or Rosmarinus can be proposed as a potential add-on strategy in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through intranasal administration, due to the well-known beneficial effects of essential oils and the mucoadhesive properties of NLC.
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Fuochi V, Caruso M, Emma R, Stivala A, Polosa R, Distefano A, Furneri PM. Investigation on the Antibacterial Activity of Electronic Cigarette Liquids (ECLs): A Proof of Concept Study. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:983-994. [PMID: 32881666 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200903121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The key ingredients of e-cigarettes liquid are commonly propane-1,2-diol (also called propylene glycol) and propane-1,2,3-triol (vegetal glycerol) and their antimicrobial effects are already established. The nicotine and flavors which are often present in e-liquids can interfere with the growth of some microorganisms. OBJECTIVE The effect of combining these elements in e-liquids is unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible effects of these liquids on bacterial growth in the presence or absence of nicotine and flavors. METHODS Susceptibilities of pathogenic strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Sarcina lutea) were studied by means of a multidisciplinary approach. Cell viability and antioxidant assays were also evaluated. RESULTS All e-liquids investigated showed antibacterial activity against at least one pathogenic strain. Higher activity was correlated to the presence of flavors and nicotine. DISCUSSION In most cases, the value of minimal bactericidal concentration is equal to the value of minimal inhibitory concentration showing that these substances have a bactericidal effect. This effect was observed in concentrations up to 6.25% v/v. Antioxidant activity was also correlated to the presence of flavors. Over time, the viability assay in human epithelial lung A549 cells showed a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth. CONCLUSION Our results have shown that flavors considerably enhance the antibacterial activity of propane-1,2-diol and propane-1,2,3-triol. This study provides important evidence that should be taken into consideration in further investigative approaches, to clarify the different sensitivity of the various bacterial species to e-liquids, including the respiratory microbiota, to highlight the possible role of flavors and nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Fuochi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Emma
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo Stivala
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (MEDCLIN), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alfio Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pio M Furneri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Nanotechnology for Natural Medicine: Formulation of Neem Oil Loaded Phospholipid Vesicles Modified with Argan Oil as a Strategy to Protect the Skin from Oxidative Stress and Promote Wound Healing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050670. [PMID: 33923127 PMCID: PMC8146128 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neem oil, a plant-derived product rich in bioactives, has been incorporated in liposomes and hyalurosomes modified by adding argan oil and so called argan-liposomes and argan-hyalurosomes. Argan oil has also been added to the vesicles because of its regenerative and protective effects on skin. In the light of this, vesicles were specifically tailored to protect the skin from oxidative stress and treat lesions. Argan-liposomes were the smallest vesicles (~113 nm); the addition of sodium hyaluronate led to an increase in vesicle size (~143 nm) but it significantly improved vesicle stability during storage. In vitro studies confirmed the free radical scavenging activity of formulations, irrespective of their composition. Moreover, rheological investigation confirmed the higher viscosity of argan-hyalurosomes, which avoid formulation leakage after application. In vitro studies performed by using the most representative cells of the skin (i.e., keratinocytes and fibroblasts) underlined the ability of vesicles, especially argan-liposomes and argan-hyalurosomes, to counteract oxidative stress induced in these cells by using hydrogen peroxide and to improve the proliferation and migration of cells ensuring the more rapid and even complete closure of the wound (scratch assay).
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Lammari N, Louaer O, Meniai AH, Fessi H, Elaissari A. Plant oils: From chemical composition to encapsulated form use. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120538. [PMID: 33781879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a burgeoning global movement towards essential and vegetable oils in the food, agriculture, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and textile industries thanks to their natural and safe status, broad acceptance by consumers, and versatile functional properties. However, efforts to develop new therapy or functional agents based on plant oils have met with challenges of limited stability and/or reduced efficacy. As a result, there has been increased research interest in the encapsulation of plant oils, whereby the nanocarriers serve as barrier between plant oils and the environment and control oil release leading to improved efficacy, reduced toxicity and enhanced patient compliance and convenience. In this review, special concern has been addressed to the encapsulation of essential and vegetable oils in three types of nanocarriers: polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles. First, the chemical composition of essential and vegetable oils was handled. Moreover, we gather together the research findings reported by the literature regarding the different techniques used to generate these nanocarriers with their significant findings. Finally, differences and similarities between these nanocarriers are discussed, along with current and future applications that are warranted by their structures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narimane Lammari
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; Environmental Process Engineering Laboratory, University Constantine 3, Salah Boubnider, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ouahida Louaer
- Environmental Process Engineering Laboratory, University Constantine 3, Salah Boubnider, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Abdeslam Hassen Meniai
- Environmental Process Engineering Laboratory, University Constantine 3, Salah Boubnider, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hatem Fessi
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, LAGEP UMR 5007, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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MAPLE Coatings Embedded with Essential Oil-Conjugated Magnetite for Anti-Biofilm Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071612. [PMID: 33806228 PMCID: PMC8036921 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports on the development and evaluation of nanostructured composite coatings of polylactic acid (PLA) embedded with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) modified with Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) essential oil. The co-precipitation method was employed to synthesize the magnetite particles conjugated with Eucalyptus natural antibiotic (Fe3O4@EG), while their composition and microstructure were investigated using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique was further employed to obtain PLA/Fe3O4@EG thin films. Optimal experimental conditions for laser processing were established by complementary infrared microscopy (IRM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations. The in vitro biocompatibility with eukaryote cells was proven using mesenchymal stem cells, while the anti-biofilm efficiency of composite PLA/Fe3O4@EG coatings was assessed against Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens.
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Development and Characterization of Monoolein-Based Liposomes of Carvacrol, Cinnamaldehyde, Citral, or Thymol with Anti- Candida Activities. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.01628-20. [PMID: 33468460 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01628-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing need for novel drugs and new strategies for the therapy of invasive candidiasis. This study aimed to develop and characterize liposome-based nanoparticles of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, citral, and thymol with anti-Candida activities. Dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide- and monoolein-based liposomes in a 1:2 molar ratio were prepared using a lipid-film hydration method. Liposomes were assembled with equal volumes of liposomal stock dispersion and stock solutions of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, citral, or thymol in dimethyl sulfoxide. Cytotoxicity was tested on RAW 264.7 macrophages. In vitro antifungal activity of liposomes with phytocompounds was evaluated according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) methodology using clinical isolates of Candida albicans, Candida auris, Candida dubliniensis, and Candida tropicalis Finally, the ability of macrophage cells to kill Candida isolates after addition of phytocompounds and their nanoparticles was determined. Nanoparticles with 64 μg/ml of cinnamaldehyde, 256 μg/ml of citral, and 128 μg/ml of thymol had the best characteristics among the formulations tested. The highest encapsulation efficiencies were achieved with citral (78% to 83%) and carvacrol (66% to 71%) liposomes. Carvacrol and thymol in liposome-based nanoparticles were nontoxic regardless of the concentration. Moreover, carvacrol and thymol maintained their antifungal activity after encapsulation, and there was a significant reduction (∼41%) of yeast survival when macrophages were incubated with carvacrol or thymol liposomes. In conclusion, carvacrol and thymol liposomes possess high stability, low cytotoxicity, and antifungal activity that act synergistically with macrophages.
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Ajeeshkumar KK, Aneesh PA, Raju N, Suseela M, Ravishankar CN, Benjakul S. Advancements in liposome technology: Preparation techniques and applications in food, functional foods, and bioactive delivery: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:1280-1306. [PMID: 33665991 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes play a significant role in encapsulation of various bioactive compounds (BACs), including functional food ingredients to improve the stability of core. This technology can be used for promoting an effective application in functional food and nutraceuticals. Incorporation of traditional and emerging methods for the developments of liposome for loading BACs resulted in viable and stable liposome formulations for industrial applications. Thus, the advance technologies such as supercritical fluidic methods, microfluidization, ultrasonication with traditional methods are revisited. Liposomes loaded with plant and animal BACs have been introduced for functional food and nutraceutical applications. In general, application of liposome systems improves stability, delivery, and bioavailability of BACs in functional food systems and nutraceuticals. This review covers the current techniques and methodologies developed and practiced in liposomal preparation and application in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Navaneethan Raju
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Mathew Suseela
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682029, India
| | | | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Usach I, Alaimo A, Fernández J, Ambrosini A, Mocini S, Ochiuz L, Peris JE. Magnolol and Honokiol: Two Natural Compounds with Similar Chemical Structure but Different Physicochemical and Stability Properties. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020224. [PMID: 33561940 PMCID: PMC7915353 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnolia spp. extracts are known for their use in traditional Korean, Chinese, and Japanese medicine in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, anxiety, and allergies. Among their main components with pharmacological activity, the most relevant are magnolol and honokiol, which also show antitumoral activity. The objectives of this work were to study some physicochemical properties of both substances and their stability under different conditions of temperature, pH, and oxidation. Additionally, liposomes of honokiol (the least stable compound) were formulated and characterized. Both compounds showed pH-dependent solubility, with different solubility–pH profiles. Magnolol showed a lower solubility than honokiol at acidic pH values, but a higher solubility at alkaline pH values. The partition coefficients were similar and relatively high for both compounds (log Po/w ≈ 4.5), indicating their lipophilic nature. Honokiol was less stable than magnolol, mainly at neutral and basic pH values. To improve the poor stability of honokiol, it was suitably loaded in liposomes. The obtained liposomes were small in size (175 nm), homogeneous (polydispersity index = 0.17), highly negatively charged (−11 mV), and able to incorporate high amounts of honokiol (entrapment efficiency = 93.4%). The encapsulation of honokiol in liposomes increased its stability only at alkaline pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Usach
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (I.U.); (A.A.); (J.F.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Alessandro Alaimo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (I.U.); (A.A.); (J.F.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Juan Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (I.U.); (A.A.); (J.F.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Alessandro Ambrosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (I.U.); (A.A.); (J.F.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sara Mocini
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (I.U.); (A.A.); (J.F.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Lacramioara Ochiuz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - José-Esteban Peris
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (I.U.); (A.A.); (J.F.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-543-353; Fax: +34-963-544-911
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Ghavam M, Manca ML, Manconi M, Bacchetta G. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from leaves and flowers of Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Benth. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15647. [PMID: 32973295 PMCID: PMC7519093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of essential oils obtained from vascular plants have been demonstrated to be effective in treating fungal and bacterial infections. Among others, Salvia hydrangea is an endemic half-shrub belonging to the Lamiaceae family that has been widely used from ancient times in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to compare the composition and antimicrobial properties of essential oils obtained from leaves or flowers of this plant, collected from the Daran region of Iran during June 2018. The oils were obtained using Clevenger apparatus, their composition was evaluated by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and the antimicrobial properties were assayed by measuring inhibition halos, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The yield of leaf oil was ~ 0.25% and that of flower oil was ~ 0.28%. Oil composition was affected by the part of the plants used: the most abundant bioactives contained in leaf essential oil were (+)-spathulenol (16.07%), 1,8-cineole (13.96%), trans-caryophyllene (9.58%), β-pinene (8.91%) and β-eudesmol (5.33%) and those in flower essential oil were caryophyllene oxide (35.47%), 1,8-cineole (9.54%), trans-caryophyllene (6.36%), β-eudesmol (4.11%), caryophyllenol-II (3.46%) and camphor (3.33%). Both the oils showed a significant inhibitory and lethal effect on the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC ~ 16 µg/mL), Shigella dysenteriae and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC ~ 62 µg/mL). Therefore, the essential oils obtained from both leaves and flowers of S. hydrangea may have potential application as bactericidal agents against some bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansureh Ghavam
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Bacchetta
- Department Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Entrapment of Citrus limon var. pompia Essential Oil or Pure Citral in Liposomes Tailored as Mouthwash for the Treatment of Oral Cavity Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090216. [PMID: 32872140 PMCID: PMC7557837 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed at developing a mouthwash based on liposomes loading Citrus limon var. pompia essential oil or citral to treat oropharyngeal diseases. Vesicles were prepared by dispersing phosphatidylcholine and pompia essential oil or citral at increasing amounts (12, 25 and 50 mg/mL) in water. Transparent vesicle dispersions were obtained by direct sonication avoiding the use of organic solvents. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) confirmed the formation of unilamellar, spherical and regularly shaped vesicles. Essential oil and citral loaded liposomes were small in size (~110 and ~100 nm, respectively) and negatively charged. Liposomes, especially those loading citral, were highly stable as their physico-chemical properties did not change during storage. The formulations were highly biocompatible against keratinocytes, were able to counteract the damages induced in cells by using hydrogen peroxide, and able to increase the rate of skin repair. In addition, liposomes loading citral at higher concentrations inhibited the proliferation of cariogenic bacterium.
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Nieto G. A Review on Applications and Uses of Thymus in the Food Industry. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E961. [PMID: 32751488 PMCID: PMC7464319 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyme is one of the most important medicinal plants because of its ethnopharmacological relevance and high content of bioactive compounds. This review focuses particularly on thyme as an alternative natural antioxidant and antimicrobial with potential use in the food industry. This is in line with the preferences of the current consumer, who demands healthier and more natural products. Different studies have concluded that the use of thyme increases stability and reduces lipid oxidation during the shelf-life period of foods (meat, meat products, milk, fish or fish products), which makes thyme a promising source of natural additives. Despite these findings, the use of Thymus extracts or essential oils as natural additives in foods is reduced in comparison with other natural preservative extracts. This review provides an overview of the most important information on the positive effect of the bioactive compounds of thyme and its uses as a preservative in foods, taking into account its origin (from plants, plant extracts or essential oils).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Nieto
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
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Thymol and carvacrol in nanoliposomes: Characterization and a comparison with free counterparts against planktonic and glass-adhered Salmonella. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Milia E, Usai M, Szotáková B, Elstnerová M, Králová V, D’hallewin G, Spissu Y, Barberis A, Marchetti M, Bortone A, Campanella V, Mastandrea G, Langhansová L, Eick S. The Pharmaceutical Ability of Pistacia lentiscus L. Leaves Essential Oil Against Periodontal Bacteria and Candida sp. and Its Anti-Inflammatory Potential. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060281. [PMID: 32466371 PMCID: PMC7345856 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the increasing request for natural pharmacological molecules, this study assessed the antimicrobial capacity of Pistacia lentiscus L. essential oil (PLL-EO) obtained from the leaves of wild plants growing in North Sardinia (Italy) toward a wide range of periodontal bacteria and Candida, including laboratory and clinical isolates sp., together with its anti-inflammatory activity and safety. METHODS PLL-EO was screened by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The anti-inflammatory activity was measured by cyclooxygenase (COX-1/2) and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition, while the antioxidant capacity was determined electro-chemically and by the MTT assay. The WST-1 assay was used to ascertain cytotoxicity toward four lines of oral cells. RESULTS According to the concentrations of terpens, PLL-EO is a pharmacologically-active phytocomplex. MICs against periodontal bacteria ranged between 3.13 and 12.5 µg/ml, while against Candida sp. they were between 6.25 and 12.5 µg/mL. Oxidation by COX-1/2 and LOX was inhibited by 80% and 20% µg/mL of the oil, respectively. Antioxidant activity seemed negligible, and no cytotoxicity arose. CONCLUSIONS PLL-EO exhibits a broad-spectrum activity against periodontal bacteria and Candida, with an interesting dual inhibitory capacity toward COX-2 and LOX inflammatory enzymes, and without side effects against oral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Milia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Experimental Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (S.E.); Tel.: +39-79-228437 (E.M.); +41-31-632-25-42 (S.E.)
| | - Marianna Usai
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Rolando, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Barbora Szotáková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (B.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Marie Elstnerová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (B.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Věra Králová
- Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Guy D’hallewin
- National Research Council-Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Traversa La Crucca 3, Loc. Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.D.); (Y.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Ylenia Spissu
- National Research Council-Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Traversa La Crucca 3, Loc. Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.D.); (Y.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Barberis
- National Research Council-Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Traversa La Crucca 3, Loc. Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.D.); (Y.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Mauro Marchetti
- National Research Council-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Traversa La Crucca 3, Loc. Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Antonella Bortone
- Dental Unite, Department of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Campanella
- Department of Clinical and Translational Medicine, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Mastandrea
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/C, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Lenka Langhansová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (S.E.); Tel.: +39-79-228437 (E.M.); +41-31-632-25-42 (S.E.)
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Kaltschmidt BP, Ennen I, Greiner JFW, Dietsch R, Patel A, Kaltschmidt B, Kaltschmidt C, Hütten A. Preparation of Terpenoid-Invasomes with Selective Activity against S. aureus and Characterization by Cryo Transmission Electron Microscopy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050105. [PMID: 32369920 PMCID: PMC7277086 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are natural plant-derived products that are applied to treat a broad range of human diseases, such as airway infections and inflammation. However, pharmaceutical applications of terpenoids against bacterial infection remain challenging due to their poor water solubility. Here, we produce invasomes encapsulating thymol, menthol, camphor and 1,8-cineol, characterize them via cryo transmission electron microscopy and assess their bactericidal properties. While control- and cineol-invasomes are similarly distributed between unilamellar and bilamellar vesicles, a shift towards unilamellar invasomes is observable after encapsulation of thymol, menthol or camphor. Thymol- and camphor-invasomes show a size reduction, whereas menthol-invasomes are enlarged and cineol-invasomes remain unchanged compared to control. While thymol-invasomes lead to the strongest growth inhibition of S. aureus, camphor- or cineol-invasomes mediate cell death and S. aureus growth is not affected by menthol-invasomes. Flow cytometric analysis validate that invasomes comprising thymol are highly bactericidal to S. aureus. Notably, treatment with thymol-invasomes does not affect survival of Gram-negative E. coli. In summary, we successfully produce terpenoid-invasomes and demonstrate that particularly thymol-invasomes show a strong selective activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Our findings provide a promising approach to increase the bioavailability of terpenoid-based drugs and may be directly applicable for treating severe bacterial infections such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard P. Kaltschmidt
- Thin Films & Physics of Nanostructures, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.P.K.); (I.E.)
| | - Inga Ennen
- Thin Films & Physics of Nanostructures, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.P.K.); (I.E.)
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Robin Dietsch
- Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany; (R.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Anant Patel
- Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany; (R.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Andreas Hütten
- Thin Films & Physics of Nanostructures, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.P.K.); (I.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-521-106-5418
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Leyva-Jiménez FJ, Manca ML, Manconi M, Caddeo C, Vázquez JA, Lozano-Sánchez J, Escribano-Ferrer E, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A. Incorporation of Lippia citriodora Microwave Extract into Total-Green Biogelatin-Phospholipid Vesicles to Improve Its Antioxidant Activity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E765. [PMID: 32316238 PMCID: PMC7221744 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals from Lippia citriodora leaves were extracted by applying an innovative technology based on the use of microwaves, which represents an alternative method to extract bioactive substances. The obtained extract was incorporated into phospholipid vesicles in order to promote the antioxidant effect of the bioactive molecules present in L. citriodora extract. The extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Time-Of-Flight mass spectrometer by electrospray (HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS) and different phytochemicals were detected and quantified. The whole extract was incorporated in liposomes, glycerosomes (liposomes modified with glycerol) and propylene glycol-containing vesicles (PG-PEVs). Moreover, a biopolymer obtained from fish by-product, that is Thunnus albacares skin, was added to improve the bioactivity of the formulations. The in vitro biocompatibility and the antioxidant efficacy of the extract in solution or loaded in the vesicles were tested in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (3T3). The results showed the superior bioactivity of the vesicle formulations over the aqueous solution of the extract, which points to an interesting strategy for the treatment of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18016 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.L.M.); (M.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.L.M.); (M.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Carla Caddeo
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.L.M.); (M.M.); (C.C.)
| | - José Antonio Vázquez
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP36208 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18016 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18016 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18016 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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Usach I, Margarucci E, Manca ML, Caddeo C, Aroffu M, Petretto GL, Manconi M, Peris JE. Comparison between Citral and Pompia Essential Oil Loaded in Phospholipid Vesicles for the Treatment of Skin and Mucosal Infections. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020286. [PMID: 32046201 PMCID: PMC7075235 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Citrus species extracts are well known sources of bio-functional compounds with health-promoting effects. In particular, essential oils are known for their antibacterial activity due to the high content of terpenes. In this work, the steam-distilled essential oil from the leaves of Citrus limon var. pompia was loaded in phospholipid vesicles. The physico-chemical characteristics of the essential oil loaded vesicles were compared with those of vesicles that were loaded with citral, which is one of the most abundant terpenes of Citrus essential oils. The biocompatibility of the vesicles was assessed in vitro in human keratinocytes. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the vesicles was tested while using different bacterial strains and a yeast: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, respectively. The vesicles were small in size (~140 nm), slightly polydispersed (PI ~ 0.31), highly negatively charged (~ −73 mV), and able to incorporate high amounts of essential oil or citral (E% ~ 86%). Pompia essential oil and citral exhibited antimicrobial activity against all of the assayed microorganisms, with P. aeruginosa being the least sensitive. Citral was slightly more effective than pompia essential oil against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The incorporation of citral in vesicles improved its antifungal activity against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Usach
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. V. Andrés Estellés, s/n Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain; (I.U.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Margarucci
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. V. Andrés Estellés, s/n Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain; (I.U.); (E.M.)
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari 09124, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari 09124, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Carla Caddeo
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari 09124, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Matteo Aroffu
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari 09124, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Giacomo L. Petretto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy;
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari 09124, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - José-Esteban Peris
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. V. Andrés Estellés, s/n Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain; (I.U.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-543-353; Fax: +34-963-544-911
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Eco-scalable baicalin loaded vesicles developed by combining phospholipid with ethanol, glycerol, and propylene glycol to enhance skin permeation and protection. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 184:110504. [PMID: 31539753 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new class of biocompatible and scalable phospholipid vesicles was developed, aiming at improving the efficacy of baicalin on the skin. Phosphatidylcholine and baicalin (a natural polyphenol) were hydrated in two steps with a mixture of ethanol, glycerol, and propylene glycol at different ratios, and a low amount of water (4%). Hence, water was almost completely replaced by the co-solvents, which were never used before as predominant dispersing medium of phospholipid vesicles. The vesicles appeared three-dimensionally structured, forming a network that conferred a high viscosity to the dispersions. The vesicles were unilamellar, small in size (∼100 nm), and stable during 12 months of storage. They disclosed optimal performances in the transdermal delivery of baicalin, and high biocompatibility with skin cells (i.e., keratinocytes and fibroblasts). Furthermore, the vesicles promoted the efficacy of baicalin in protecting skin cells against oxidative stress in vitro and injured skin in vivo.
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Li X, He T, Wang X, Shen M, Yan X, Fan S, Wang L, Wang X, Xu X, Sui H, She G. Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the Genus Thymus. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900254. [PMID: 31381251 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Thymus (Lamiaceae) comprises about 214 species throughout the world, mainly found in North Africa, Europe, and temperate Asia zone. They are traditionally used as food additives and folk medicines. This review comprehensively summarizes information about traditional uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities of this genus and provides recommendations for future investigations. All information was gathered from scientific databases including Google Scholar, Sci-Finder, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and CNKI. Volatile oils are the most concerned constituents of this genus. Flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, tannins, organic acids, terpenoids, and phytosterols were also summarized. This genus plants possessed a variety of activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, analgesic, and antidiabetic. In brief, this review will be helpful to provide valuable data for explorations and create more interests towards Thymus genus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Ting He
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhuan Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Meng Shen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Shusheng Fan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, P. R. China
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
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Adu‐Frimpong M, Firempong CK, Omari‐Siaw E, Wang Q, Mukhtar YM, Deng W, Yu Q, Xu X, Yu J. Preparation, optimization, and pharmacokinetic study of nanoliposomes loaded with triacylglycerol‐bound punicic acid for increased antihepatotoxic activity. Drug Dev Res 2018; 80:230-245. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Adu‐Frimpong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Tissue Engineering, School of PharmacyJiangsu University Zhenjiang P.R. China
- Department of Biomedical and Basic SciencesCollege of Health and Well‐Being Kintampo Ghana
| | - Caleb Kesse Firempong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Omari‐Siaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesKumasi Technical University Kumasi Ghana
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Tissue Engineering, School of PharmacyJiangsu University Zhenjiang P.R. China
| | - Yusif Mohammed Mukhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Tissue Engineering, School of PharmacyJiangsu University Zhenjiang P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Tissue Engineering, School of PharmacyJiangsu University Zhenjiang P.R. China
| | - Qingtong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Tissue Engineering, School of PharmacyJiangsu University Zhenjiang P.R. China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Tissue Engineering, School of PharmacyJiangsu University Zhenjiang P.R. China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Tissue Engineering, School of PharmacyJiangsu University Zhenjiang P.R. China
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