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Gundogdu E, Demir ES, Ekinci M, Ozgenc E, Ilem-Ozdemir D, Senyigit Z, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Bermejo M. An Innovative Formulation Based on Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Imatinib Delivery: Pre-Formulation, Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity Studies. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020250. [PMID: 35055267 PMCID: PMC8778264 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib (IMT) is a tyrosine kinase enzyme inhibitor and extensively used for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). A nanostructured lipid carrier system (NLCS) containing IMT was developed by using emulsification-sonication methods. The characterization of the developed formulation was performed in terms of its particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, sterility, syringeability, stability, in vitro release kinetics with mathematical models, cellular uptake studies with flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and cytotoxicity for CRL-1739 cells. The particle size, PDI, loading capacity and zeta potential of selected NLCS (F16-IMT) were found to be 96.63 ± 1.87 nm, 0.27 ± 0.15, 96.49 ± 1.46% and -32.7 ± 2.48 mV, respectively. F16-IMT was found to be stable, thermodynamic, sterile and syringeable through an 18 gauze needle. The formulation revealed a Korsmeyer-Peppas drug release model of 53% at 8 h, above 90% of cell viability, 23.61 µM of IC50 and induction of apoptosis in CRL-1739 cell lines. In the future, F16-IMT can be employed to treat GISTs. A small amount of IMT loaded into the NLCSs will be better than IMT alone for therapy for GISTs. Consequently, F16-IMT could prove to be useful for effective GIST treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evren Gundogdu
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Emine-Selin Demir
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Meliha Ekinci
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Emre Ozgenc
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Derya Ilem-Ozdemir
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Zeynep Senyigit
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, Izmir 35400, Turkey;
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain;
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