1
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Hureaux A, Bermejo M, Suret PM, Bonnet M, N'Guyen Y, Hentzien M, Djerada Z, Azzouz B, Bani-Sadr F. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension secondary to fluoroquinolone therapy: French pharmacovigilance data review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:379-381. [PMID: 37996727 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigate spontaneous reports of IIH related to fluoroquinolones recorded in the French national pharmacovigilance database in order to detect a possible pharmacovigilance signal. The association between IIH risk and fluoroquinolone exposure was assessed using a case/non-case study. Between 1985 and July 2023, 17 reports of IIH after fluoroquinolone exposure were recorded. No specific fluoroquinolone was predominant. IIH led to death in one case and blindness in one case. The Reporting Odds Ratio was 2.58 (95% confidence interval 1.59-4.19). We highlight statistically significant disproportionality, which constitutes a pharmacovigilance signal. IIH risk after fluoroquinolone exposure is a class effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hureaux
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - M Bermejo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - P M Suret
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - M Bonnet
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Y N'Guyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - M Hentzien
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Z Djerada
- Department of Pharmacology, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - B Azzouz
- Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Firouzé Bani-Sadr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Robert Debré, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092, Reims, France.
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2
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Sánchez-Dengra B, Alfonso M, González-Álvarez I, Bermejo M, González-Álvarez M, Martínez-Máñez R. Intranasal administration of molecular-gated mesoporous nanoparticles to increase ponatinib delivery to the brain. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1799-1813. [PMID: 37990994 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal brain cancer. New treatments are needed. However, the presence of the blood-brain barrier is limiting the development of new treatments directed toward the brain, as it restricts the access and distribution of drugs to the CNS. Materials & methods: In this work, two different nanoparticles (i.e., mesoporous silica nanoparticles and magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles) loaded with ponatinib were prepared. Results & conclusion: Both particles were characterized and tested in vitro and in vivo, proving that they are not toxic for blood-brain barrier cells and they increase the amount of drug reaching the brain when administered intranasally in comparison with the results obtained for the free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Sánchez-Dengra
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics & Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - María Alfonso
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Isabel González-Álvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics & Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics & Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - Marta González-Álvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics & Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, València, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, València, 46012, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, València, 46026, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
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3
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Tsume Y, Ashworth L, Bermejo M, Cheng J, Cicale V, Dressman J, Fushimi M, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Guo Y, Jankovsky C, Lu X, Matsui K, Patel S, Sanderson N, Sun CC, Thakral NK, Yamane M, Zöller L. Correction: Harmonizing Biopredictive Methodologies Through the Product Quality Research Institute (PQRI) Part I: Biopredictive Dissolution of Ibuprofen and Dipyridamole Tablets. AAPS J 2023; 25:58. [PMID: 37291273 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tsume
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.
| | | | | | - Joan Cheng
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Vincent Cicale
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine Pharmacology, Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Yiwang Guo
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Corinne Jankovsky
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xujin Lu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Sánchez-Dengra B, García-Montoya E, González-Álvarez I, Bermejo M, González-Álvarez M. Establishment and Validation of a New Co-Culture for the Evaluation of the Permeability through the Blood-Brain Barrier in Patients with Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051431. [PMID: 37242673 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the mechanisms involved in drug access to the central nervous system (CNS) are not completely elucidated, and research efforts to understand the behaviour of the therapeutic agents to access the blood-brain barrier continue with the utmost importance. The aim of this work was the creation and validation of a new in vitro model capable of predicting the in vivo permeability across the blood-brain barrier in the presence of glioblastoma. The selected in vitro method was a cell co-culture model of epithelial cell lines (MDCK and MDCK-MDR1) with a glioblastoma cell line (U87-MG). Several drugs were tested (letrozole, gemcitabine, methotrexate and ganciclovir). Comparison of the proposed in vitro model, MDCK and MDCK-MDR1 co-cultured with U87-MG, and in vivo studies showed a great predictability for each cell line, with R2 values of 0.8917 and 0.8296, respectively. Therefore, both cells lines (MDCK and MDCK-MDR1) are valid for predicting the access of drugs to the CNS in the presence of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Sánchez-Dengra
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Elena García-Montoya
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel González-Álvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta González-Álvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
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5
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Tsume Y, Ashworth L, Bermejo M, Cheng J, Cicale V, Dressman J, Fushimi M, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Guo Y, Jankovsky C, Lu X, Matsui K, Patel S, Sanderson N, Sun CC, Thakral NK, Yamane M, Zöller L. Harmonizing Biopredictive Methodologies Through the Product Quality Research Institute (PQRI) Part I: Biopredictive Dissolution of Ibuprofen and Dipyridamole Tablets. AAPS J 2023; 25:45. [PMID: 37085637 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing in vivo performance to inform formulation selection and development decisions is an important aspect of drug development. Biopredictive dissolution methodologies for oral dosage forms have been developed to understand in vivo performance, assist in formulation development/optimization, and forecast the outcome of bioequivalence studies by combining them with simulation tools to predict plasma profiles in humans. However, unlike compendial dissolution methodologies, the various biopredictive methodologies have not yet been harmonized or standardized. This manuscript presents the initial phases of an effort to develop best practices and move toward standardization of the biopredictive methodologies through the Product Quality Research Institute (PQRI, https://pqri.org ) entitled "The standardization of in vitro predictive dissolution methodologies and in silico bioequivalence study Working Group." This Working Group (WG) is comprised of participants from 10 pharmaceutical companies and academic institutes. The project will be accomplished in a total of five phases including assessing the performance of dissolution protocols designed by the individual WG members, and then building "best practice" protocols based on the initial dissolution profiles. After refining the "best practice" protocols to produce equivalent dissolution profiles, those will be combined with physiologically based biopharmaceutics models (PBBM) to predict plasma profiles. In this manuscript, the first two of the five phases are reported, namely generating biopredictive dissolution profiles for ibuprofen and dipyridamole and using those dissolution profiles with PBBM to match the clinical plasma profiles. Key experimental parameters are identified, and this knowledge will be applied to build the "best practice" protocol in the next phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tsume
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.
| | | | | | - Joan Cheng
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Vincent Cicale
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine Pharmacology, Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Yiwang Guo
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Corinne Jankovsky
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xujin Lu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Sánchez-Dengra B, González-Álvarez I, Bermejo M, González-Álvarez M. Access to the CNS: Strategies to overcome the BBB. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122759. [PMID: 36801479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the access of substances to the central nervous system (CNS) which hinders the treatment of pathologies affecting the brain and the spinal cord. Nowadays, research is focus on new strategies to overcome the BBB and can treat the pathologies affecting the CNS are needed. In this review, the different strategies that allow and increase the access of substances to the CNS are analysed and extended commented, not only invasive strategies but also non-invasive ones. The invasive techniques include the direct injection into the brain parenchyma or the CSF and the therapeutic opening of the BBB, while the non-invasive techniques include the use of alternative routes of administration (nose-to-brain route), the inhibition of efflux transporters (as it is important to prevent the drug efflux from the brain and enhance the therapeutic efficiency), the chemical modification of the molecules (prodrugs and chemical drug delivery systems (CDDS)) and the use of nanocarriers. In the future, knowledge about nanocarriers to treat CNS diseases will continue to increase, but the use of other strategies such as drug repurposing or drug reprofiling, which are cheaper and less time consuming, may limit its transfer to society. The main conclusion is that the combination of different strategies may be the most interesting approach to increase the access of substances to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Sánchez-Dengra
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Department of Engineering, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel González-Álvarez
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Department of Engineering, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Department of Engineering, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta González-Álvarez
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Department of Engineering, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain
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Bermejo M, Lucar-López G, Ballester-Alomar M, Córdoba-Fernández A, Martínez-Souto C, Villamizar M, Guevara-Noriega KA. [Ultrasound-guided longitudinal tenotomy for plantar fasciitis. Technical note and systematic review]. Acta Ortop Mex 2022; 36:252-256. [PMID: 36977646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION plantar fasciitis or fasciosis is a cause of foot pain with cases resistant to conservative treatment. Surgery is reserved for patients who have not responded to conservative treatment, shock waves, or corticosteroid injections. The aim of this publications is to carry out a systematic review of the available literature and to describe a specific technique for the treatment of plantar fasciosis consisting of the longitudinal tearing of the plantar aponeurosis assisted with ultrasound. MATERIAL AND METHODS a systematic search was carried out for previous publications on longitudinal tenotomy in the treatment of plantar fasciitis. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms "Curettage", "Tenotomy" and "Plantar Fasciitis" were included. The electronic search included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Trip database, and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) databases. A detailed description of the technique was included with the intention that it can be reproduced. CONCLUSION longitudinal tenotomy represents an alternative for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. It is based on the extrapolation of knowledge in the Achilles tendon territory with a supporting pathophysiological basis. It is a non-invasive technique that can be performed on an outpatient basis and that would allow the rapid incorporation of the patient to their activities. Longitudinal tenotomy would prevent the patient from undergoing major surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bermejo
- Podiatrics. Clínica del Pie Puerta Tierra. Cádiz, Spain
| | - G Lucar-López
- Orthopaedic Surgery Department. Hospital de Mataró. Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - M Villamizar
- Anesthesiology Department. Santa Creu i Sant Pau Hospital. Barcelona, Spain
| | - K A Guevara-Noriega
- Vascular Surgery Department. Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust. London, UK
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Hens B, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Bermejo M. Exploring the Predictive Power of the In Situ Perfusion Technique towards Drug Absorption: Theory, Practice, and Applications. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:749-762. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- Drug Product Design, Pfizer, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
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Gundogdu E, Demir ES, Ekinci M, Ozgenc E, Ilem-Ozdemir D, Senyigit Z, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Bermejo M. An Innovative Formulation Based on Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Imatinib Delivery: Pre-Formulation, Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity Studies. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12020250. [PMID: 35055267 PMCID: PMC8778264 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib (IMT) is a tyrosine kinase enzyme inhibitor and extensively used for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). A nanostructured lipid carrier system (NLCS) containing IMT was developed by using emulsification-sonication methods. The characterization of the developed formulation was performed in terms of its particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, sterility, syringeability, stability, in vitro release kinetics with mathematical models, cellular uptake studies with flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and cytotoxicity for CRL-1739 cells. The particle size, PDI, loading capacity and zeta potential of selected NLCS (F16-IMT) were found to be 96.63 ± 1.87 nm, 0.27 ± 0.15, 96.49 ± 1.46% and -32.7 ± 2.48 mV, respectively. F16-IMT was found to be stable, thermodynamic, sterile and syringeable through an 18 gauze needle. The formulation revealed a Korsmeyer-Peppas drug release model of 53% at 8 h, above 90% of cell viability, 23.61 µM of IC50 and induction of apoptosis in CRL-1739 cell lines. In the future, F16-IMT can be employed to treat GISTs. A small amount of IMT loaded into the NLCSs will be better than IMT alone for therapy for GISTs. Consequently, F16-IMT could prove to be useful for effective GIST treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evren Gundogdu
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Emine-Selin Demir
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Meliha Ekinci
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Emre Ozgenc
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Derya Ilem-Ozdemir
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Zeynep Senyigit
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, Izmir 35400, Turkey;
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain;
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Miranda C, Ruiz-Picazo A, Pomares P, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Bermejo M, Gonzalez-Alvarez M, Avdeef A, Cabrera-Pérez MÁ. Integration of In Silico, In Vitro and In Situ Tools for the Preformulation and Characterization of a Novel Cardio-Neuroprotective Compound during the Early Stages of Drug Development. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:182. [PMID: 35057075 PMCID: PMC8780741 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this work is the biopharmaceutical characterization of a new hybrid benzodiazepine-dihydropyridine derivative, JM-20, derived with potent anti-ischemic and neuroprotective effects. In this study, the pKa and the pH-solubility profile were experimentally determined. Additionally, effective intestinal permeability was measured using three in vitro epithelial cell lines (MDCK, MDCK-MDR1 and Caco-2) and an in situ closed-loop intestinal perfusion technique. The results indicate that JM-20 is more soluble at acidic pH (9.18 ± 0.16); however, the Dose number (Do) was greater than 1, suggesting that it is a low-solubility compound. The permeability values obtained with in vitro cell lines as well as with the in situ perfusion method show that JM-20 is a highly permeable compound (Caco-2 value 3.8 × 10-5). The presence of an absorption carrier-mediated transport mechanism was also demonstrated, as well as the efflux effect of P-glycoprotein on the permeability values. Finally, JM-20 was provisionally classified as class 2 according to the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) due to its high intestinal permeability and low solubility. The potential good oral absorption of this compound could be limited by its solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Miranda
- Unit of Modeling & Experimental Biopharmaceutics, Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Centro de Bioactivos Químicos Universidad, Santa Clara 50100, Cuba; (C.M.); (M.-Á.C.-P.)
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Picazo
- Department Engineering of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.R.-P.); (P.P.); (I.G.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Paula Pomares
- Department Engineering of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.R.-P.); (P.P.); (I.G.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department Engineering of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.R.-P.); (P.P.); (I.G.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department Engineering of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.R.-P.); (P.P.); (I.G.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department Engineering of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.R.-P.); (P.P.); (I.G.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Alex Avdeef
- In-ADME Research, 1732 First Avenue # 102, New York, NY 10128, USA;
| | - Miguel-Ángel Cabrera-Pérez
- Unit of Modeling & Experimental Biopharmaceutics, Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Centro de Bioactivos Químicos Universidad, Santa Clara 50100, Cuba; (C.M.); (M.-Á.C.-P.)
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Hens B, Seegobin N, Bermejo M, Tsume Y, Clear N, McAllister M, Amidon GE, Amidon GL. Dissolution Challenges Associated with the Surface pH of Drug Particles: Integration into Mechanistic Oral Absorption Modeling. AAPS J 2022; 24:17. [PMID: 34982285 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to differentiate between in vitro dissolution profiles of ibuprofen as input for GastroPlus™ and to see the impact on systemic exposure. In vitro dissolution profiles of ibuprofen obtained under low- and high-buffered dissolution media were used as input using the z-factor approach. In a second step, a customized surface pH calculator was applied to predict the surface pH of ibuprofen under these low- and high-buffered dissolution conditions. These surface pH values were adopted in GastroPlus™ and simulations were performed to predict the systemic outcome. Simulated data were compared with systemic data of ibuprofen obtained under fasted state conditions in healthy subjects. The slower dissolution rate observed when working under low-buffered conditions nicely matched with the slower dissolution rate as observed during the clinical aspiration study and was in line with the systemic exposure of the drug. Finally, a population simulation was performed to explore the impact of z-factor towards bioequivalence (BE) criteria (so-called safe space). Concerning future perspectives, the customized calculator should be developed in such a way to make it possible to predict the dissolution rate (being informed by the particle size distribution) which, in its turn, can be used as a surrogate to predict the USP2 dissolution curve. Subsequently, validation can be done by using this profile as input for PBPK platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- Drug Product Design, Pfizer, Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9ND, UK.
| | - Nidhi Seegobin
- Drug Product Design, Pfizer, Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9ND, UK.,UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Merck & Co., Inc, 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
| | - Nicola Clear
- Drug Product Design, Pfizer, Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9ND, UK
| | - Mark McAllister
- Drug Product Design, Pfizer, Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9ND, UK
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1065, USA
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1065, USA.
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Cámara-Martinez I, Blechar JA, Ruiz-Picazo A, Garcia-Arieta A, Calandria C, Merino-Sanjuan V, Langguth P, Gonzalez-Alvarez M, Bermejo M, Al-Gousous J, Gonzalez-Alvarez I. Level A IVIVC for immediate release tablets confirms in vivo predictive dissolution testing for ibuprofen. Int J Pharm 2021; 614:121415. [PMID: 34973409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A bioequivalence study comparing two fixed dose combination tablets containing 200 mg ibuprofen and 30 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride showed bioequivalence for pseudoephedrine AUC and Cmax, but the reference product showed higher Cmax than the test product in fasted conditions. The main difference between products was the presence of tribasic calcium phosphate in the reference tablet, resulting in an increased surface pH of the dissolving ibuprofen particles under gastric and intestinal conditions and, consequently, higher solubility of ibuprofen. A mechanistic model based on mass balance and ionization equilibria was used to calculate the pH of the particle surface under different buffer conditions. The discrepancies in surface pH between test and reference tablet were pronounced in 0.1 M and 0.01 M hydrochloric acid and in diluted maleate 7 mM pH 6.5 and phosphate 5 mM pH 6.7 buffers (but negligible in compendial phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Only those dissolution tests using pre-treatment in acidic conditions could be used to build a one-step in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC). This work shows the potential of these discriminatory and in vivo predictive dissolution methods to obtain IVIVCs for BCS class IIa drugs and for extending BCS biowaivers to BCS class IIa drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cámara-Martinez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain; Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology Area, University of Valencia. Spain
| | - J A Blechar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Ruiz-Picazo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain
| | - A Garcia-Arieta
- Area of Pharmacokinetics and Generic Medicines, Division of Pharmacology and Clinical Evaluation, Department of Human Use Medicines. Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Care Products, Spain.
| | | | - V Merino-Sanjuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - P Langguth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain
| | - M Bermejo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain.
| | - J Al-Gousous
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - I Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain
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Caldeira TG, Saúde-Guimarães DA, González-Álvarez I, Bermejo M, de Souza J. Eremantholide C from aerial parts of Lychnophora trichocarpha, as drug candidate: fraction absorbed prediction in humans and BCS permeability class determination. Daru 2021; 29:195-203. [PMID: 33884588 PMCID: PMC8149492 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-021-00397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lychnophora trichocarpha (Spreng.) Spreng. ex Sch.Bip has been used in folk medicine to treat pain, inflammation, rheumatism and bruises. Eremantholide C, a sesquiterpene lactone, is one of the substances responsible for the anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperuricemic effects of L. trichocarpha. OBJECTIVES Considering the potential to become a drug for the treatment of inflammation and gouty arthritis, this study evaluated the permeability of eremantholide C using in situ intestinal perfusion in rats. From the permeability data, it was possible to predict the fraction absorbed of eremantholide C in humans and elucidate its oral absorption process. METHODS In situ intestinal perfusion studies were performed in the complete small intestine of rats using different concentrations of eremantholide C: 960 μg/ml, 96 μg/ml and 9.6 μg/ml (with and without sodium azide), in order to verify the lack of dependence on the measured permeability as a function of the substance concentration in the perfusion solutions. RESULTS Eremantholide C showed Peff values, in rats, greater than 5 × 10-5 cm/s and fraction absorbed predicted for humans greater than 85%. These results indicated the high permeability for eremantholide C. Moreover, its permeation process occurs only by passive route, because there were no statistically significant differences between the Peff values for eremantholide C. CONCLUSION The high permeability, in addition to the low solubility, indicated that eremantholide C is a biologically active substance BCS class II. The pharmacological activities, low toxicity and biopharmaceutics parameters demonstrate that eremantholide C has the necessary requirements for the development of a drug product, to be administered orally, with action on inflammation, hyperuricemia and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Guedes Caldeira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil.
| | - Dênia Antunes Saúde-Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Isabel González-Álvarez
- Department of Engineering, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jacqueline de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
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Li J, Spivey N, Silchenko S, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Bermejo M, Hidalgo IJ. A differential equation based modelling approach to predict supersaturation and in vivo absorption from in vitro dissolution-absorption system (idas2) data. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:1-12. [PMID: 33971275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In vitro dissolution tests are widely used to monitor the quality and consistency of oral solid dosage forms, but to increase the physiological relevance of in vitro dissolution tests, newer systems combine dissolution and permeation measurements. Some of these use artificial membranes while others (e.g., in the in vitro dissolution absorption system 2; IDAS2), utilize cell monolayers to assess drug permeation. We determined the effect of the precipitation inhibitor Hypromellose Acetate Succinate (HPMCAS) on the supersaturation/permeation of Ketoconazole and Dipyridamole in IDAS2 and its effect on their absorption in rats. Thus the main objectives of this study were to determine: (1) whether dissolution and permeation data from IDAS2 could be used to predict rat plasma concentration using an absorption model and (2) whether the effect of the precipitation inhibitor HPMCAS on supersaturation and permeation in IDAS2 was correlated with its effect on systemic absorption in the rat. Predicted drug concentrations in rat plasma, generated using parameters estimated from IDAS2 dissolution/permeation data and a mathematical absorption model, showed good agreement with measured concentrations. While in IDAS2, the prolongation of Ketoconazole's supersaturation caused by HPMCAS led to higher permeation, which paralleled the higher systemic absorption in rats, Dipyridamole showed no supersaturation and, thus, no effect of HPMCAS in dissolution or permeation in IDAS2 and no effect on Dipyridamole absorption in rats. The ability of IDAS2 to detect supersaturation following a pH-shift supports the potential value of this system for studying approaches to enhance intestinal absorption through supersaturation and the accuracy of plasma concentration predictions in rats suggest the possibility of combining IDAS2 with absorption models to predict plasma concentration in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Li
- Absorption Systems, Exton PA1 9341, USA.
| | | | | | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
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Sánchez-Dengra B, González-Álvarez I, Sousa F, Bermejo M, González-Álvarez M, Sarmento B. In vitro model for predicting the access and distribution of drugs in the brain using hCMEC/D3 cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 163:120-126. [PMID: 33838261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The BBB is a protective entity that prevents external substances from reaching the CNS but it also hinders the delivery of drugs into the brain when they are needed. The main objective of this work was to improve a previously proposed in vitro cell-based model by using a more physiological cell line (hCMEC/D3) to predict the main pharmacokinetic parameters that describe the access and distribution of drugs in the CNS: Kpuu,brain, fu,plasma, fu,brain and Vu,brain. The hCMEC/D3 permeability of seven drugs was studied in transwell systems under different conditions (standard, modified with albumin and modified with brain homogenate). From the permeability coefficients of those experiments, the parameters mentioned above were calculated and four linear IVIVCs were established. The best ones were those that relate the in vitro and in vivo Vu,brain and fu,brain (r2 = 0.961 and r2 = 0.940) which represent the binding rate of a substance to the brain tissue, evidencing the importance of using brain homogenate to mimic brain tissue when an in vitro brain permeability assay is done. This methodology could be a high-throughput screening tool in drug development to select the CNS promising drugs in three different in vitro BBB models (hCMEC/D3, MDCK and MDCK-MDR1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Sánchez-Dengra
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain
| | - Isabel González-Álvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain
| | - Flavia Sousa
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain
| | - Marta González-Álvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain.
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Bermejo M, Tsume Y, Ruiz-Picazo A, Gonzalez-Alvarez M, Hens B, Garcia-Arieta A, Amidon GE, Amidon GL. An In Vivo Predictive Dissolution Methodology (iPD Methodology) with a BCS Class IIb Drug Can Predict the In Vivo Bioequivalence Results: Etoricoxib Products. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040507. [PMID: 33917118 PMCID: PMC8067797 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to predict in vivo performance of three oral products of Etoricoxib (Arcoxia® as reference and two generic formulations in development) by conducting in vivo predictive dissolution with GIS (Gastro Intestinal Simulator) and computational analysis. Those predictions were compared with the results from previous bioequivalence (BE) human studies. Product dissolution studies were performed using a computer-controlled multicompartmental dissolution device (GIS) equipped with three dissolution chambers, representing stomach, duodenum, and jejunum, with integrated transit times and secretion rates. The measured dissolved amounts were modelled in each compartment with a set of differential equations representing transit, dissolution, and precipitation processes. The observed drug concentration by in vitro dissolution studies were directly convoluted with permeability and disposition parameters from literature to generate the predicted plasma concentrations. The GIS was able to detect the dissolution differences among reference and generic formulations in the gastric chamber where the drug solubility is high (pH 2) while the USP 2 standard dissolution test at pH 2 did not show any difference. Therefore, the current study confirms the importance of multicompartmental dissolution testing for weak bases as observed for other case examples but also the impact of excipients on duodenal and jejunal in vivo behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.G.-A.); (Y.T.); (B.H.); (G.E.A.); (G.L.A.)
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.R.-P.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.G.-A.); (Y.T.); (B.H.); (G.E.A.); (G.L.A.)
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.R.-P.); (M.G.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-965-919217
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.G.-A.); (Y.T.); (B.H.); (G.E.A.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Picazo
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.R.-P.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.R.-P.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.G.-A.); (Y.T.); (B.H.); (G.E.A.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Alfredo Garcia-Arieta
- División de Farmacología y Evaluación Clínica, Departamento de Medicamentos de Uso Humano, Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, 28022 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Greg E. Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.G.-A.); (Y.T.); (B.H.); (G.E.A.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Gordon L. Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.G.-A.); (Y.T.); (B.H.); (G.E.A.); (G.L.A.)
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Augustijns P, Vertzoni M, Reppas C, Langguth P, Lennernäs H, Abrahamsson B, Hasler WL, Baker JR, Vanuytsel T, Tack J, Corsetti M, Bermejo M, Paixão P, Amidon GL, Hens B. Unraveling the behavior of oral drug products inside the human gastrointestinal tract using the aspiration technique: History, methodology and applications. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Hens B, Bermejo M, Augustijns P, Cristofoletti R, Amidon GE, Amidon GL. Erratum: Hens, B.; et al. Application of the Gastrointestinal Simulator (GIS) Coupled with In Silico Modeling to Measure the Impact of Coca-Cola® on the Luminal and Systemic Behavior of Loratadine (BCS Class 2b). Pharmaceutics, 2020, 12, 566. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121137. [PMID: 33255861 PMCID: PMC7761310 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors make the following correction to this paper after the final publication of the work [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; (B.H.); (M.B.); (G.E.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; (B.H.); (M.B.); (G.E.A.)
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA;
| | - Gregory E. Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; (B.H.); (M.B.); (G.E.A.)
| | - Gordon L. Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; (B.H.); (M.B.); (G.E.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-764-2226; Fax: +1-734-764-6282
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Ruiz-Picazo A, Lozoya-Agullo I, González-Álvarez I, Bermejo M, González-Álvarez M. Effect of excipients on oral absorption process according to the different gastrointestinal segments. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:1005-1024. [PMID: 32842776 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1813108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excipients are necessary to develop oral dosage forms of any Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). Traditionally, excipients have been considered inactive and inert substances, but, over the years, numerous studies have contradicted this belief. This review focuses on the effect of excipients on the physiological variables affecting oral absorption along the different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. The effect of excipients on the segmental absorption variables are illustrated with examples to help understand the complexity of predicting their in vivo effects. AREAS COVERED The effects of excipients on disintegration, solubility and dissolution, transit time, and absorption are analyzed in the context of the different gastrointestinal segments and the physiological factors affecting release and membrane permeation. The experimental techniques used to study excipient effects and their human predictive ability are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION The observed effects of excipient in oral absorption process have been characterized in the past, mainly in vitro (i.e. in dissolution studies, in vitro cell culture methods or in situ animal studies). Unfortunately, a clear link with their effects in vivo, i.e. their impact on Cmax or AUC, which need a mechanistic approach is still missing. The information compiled in this review leads to the conclusion that the effect of excipients in API oral absorption and bioavailability is undeniable and shows the need of implementing standardized and reproducible preclinical tools coupled with mechanistic and predictive physiological-based models to improve the current empirical retrospective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ruiz-Picazo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Isabel Lozoya-Agullo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Isabel González-Álvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Marta González-Álvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
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Gigante V, Pauletti GM, Kopp S, Xu M, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Merino V, McIntosh MP, Wessels A, Lee BJ, Rezende KR, Scriba GK, Jadaun GP, Bermejo M. Global testing of a consensus solubility assessment to enhance robustness of the WHO biopharmaceutical classification system. ADMET DMPK 2020; 9:23-39. [PMID: 35299876 PMCID: PMC8923308 DOI: 10.5599/admet.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) is a practical tool to identify active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that scientifically qualify for a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence studies. The focus of this study was to engage a global network of laboratories to experimentally quantify the pH-dependent solubility of the highest therapeutic dose of 16 APIs using a harmonized protocol. Intra-laboratory variability was ≤5 %, and no apparent association of inter-laboratory variability with API solubility was discovered. Final classification “low solubility” vs “high solubility” was consistent among laboratories. In comparison to the literature-based provisional 2006 WHO BCS classification, three compounds were re-classified from “high” to “low-solubility”. To estimate the consequences of these experimental solubility results on BCS classification, dose-adjusted in silico predictions of the fraction absorbed in humans were performed using GastroPlus®. Further expansion of these experimental efforts to qualified APIs from the WHO Essential Medicines List is anticipated to empower regulatory authorities across the globe to issue scientifically-supported guidance regarding the necessity of performing in vivo bioequivalence studies. Ultimately, this will improve access to affordable generic products, which is a critical prerequisite to reach Universal Health Coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gigante
- Norms and Standards for Pharmaceuticals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Corresponding Author: E-mail: ; Tel.: +41- (0)22-791 4589
| | - Giovanni M. Pauletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sabine Kopp
- Norms and Standards for Pharmaceuticals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Minghze Xu
- Institute for Chemical Drug Control, China National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Engineering: Pharmacy section, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Virginia Merino
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Michelle P. McIntosh
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anita Wessels
- North_West University, School of Pharmacy, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gerhard K.E. Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gaurav P.S. Jadaun
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Engineering: Pharmacy section, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Ruiz-Picazo A, Colón-Useche S, Gonzalez-Alvarez M, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Bermejo M, Langguth P. Effect of thickener on disintegration, dissolution and permeability of common drug products for elderly patients. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:168-176. [PMID: 32561342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysphagia is a very common problem suffered by elderly patients. The use of thickeners during administration in these patients helps to prevent difficulties with swallowing larger solid dosage forms. However, there are several indications when the thickeners may influence disintegration and dissolution processes of solid dosage forms, potentially affecting therapeutic efficacy. In this paper the effects of a commonly used thickener on tablet disintegration, dissolution and subsequent absorption of 6 formulated drugs frequently used in elderly patients (Aspirin, Atenolol, Acenocumarol, Candesartan, Ramipril and Valsartan) in two different administration conditions (intact tablet and crushed tablet) are reported. Disintegration times were determined using a modified disintegration test device. The presence of thickener leads to a pseudoplastic behavior with clearly increased viscosity values. The thickener was also shown to significantly affect the release processes (dissolution and disintegration), but not the permeability of the studied drugs. When tablets are crushed the effect of the thickener on drug dissolution is avoided. Consequently, crushing the tablets would be a recommendation for these drugs if the use of a thickener is necessary in patients with dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ruiz-Picazo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain
| | - Sarin Colón-Useche
- Analysis and Control Department, University of Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain.
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain
| | - Peter Langguth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Figueroa-Campos A, Sánchez-Dengra B, Merino V, Dahan A, González-Álvarez I, García-Arieta A, González-Álvarez M, Bermejo M. Candesartan Cilexetil In Vitro-In Vivo Correlation: Predictive Dissolution as a Development Tool. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E633. [PMID: 32640620 PMCID: PMC7408357 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this investigation was to develop an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for immediate release candesartan cilexetil formulations by designing an in vitro dissolution test to be used as development tool. The IVIVC could be used to reduce failures in future bioequivalence studies. Data from two bioequivalence studies were scaled and combined to obtain the dataset for the IVIVC. Two-step and one-step approaches were used to develop the IVIVC. Experimental solubility and permeability data confirmed candesartan cilexetil. Biopharmaceutic Classification System (BCS) class II candesartan average plasma profiles were deconvoluted by the Loo-Riegelman method to obtain the oral fractions absorbed. Fractions dissolved were obtained in several conditions in USP II and IV apparatus and the results were compared calculating the f2 similarity factor. Levy plot was constructed to estimate the time scaling factor and to make both processes, dissolution and absorption, superimposable. The in vitro dissolution experiment that reflected more accurately the in vivo behavior of the products of candesartan cilexetil employed the USP IV apparatus and a three-step pH buffer change, from 1.2 to 4.5 and 6.8, with 0.2% of Tween 20. This new model was able to predict the in vivo differences in dissolution and it could be used as a risk-analysis tool for formulation selection in future bioequivalence trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Figueroa-Campos
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.F.-C.); (B.S.-D.); (M.G.-Á.); (M.B.)
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de València, Vicente Andrés Estelles s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bárbara Sánchez-Dengra
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.F.-C.); (B.S.-D.); (M.G.-Á.); (M.B.)
| | - Virginia Merino
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de València, Vicente Andrés Estelles s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Isabel González-Álvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.F.-C.); (B.S.-D.); (M.G.-Á.); (M.B.)
| | - Alfredo García-Arieta
- Service of Pharmacokinetics and Generic Medicines, Division of Pharmacology and Clinical Evaluation, Department of Human Use Medicines, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Care Products, 28022 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta González-Álvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.F.-C.); (B.S.-D.); (M.G.-Á.); (M.B.)
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.F.-C.); (B.S.-D.); (M.G.-Á.); (M.B.)
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Hens B, Bermejo M, Cristofoletti R, Amidon GE, Amidon GL. Application of the Gastrointestinal Simulator (GIS) Coupled with In Silico Modeling to Measure the Impact of Coca-Cola ® on the Luminal and Systemic Behavior of Loratadine (BCS Class 2b). Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060566. [PMID: 32570975 PMCID: PMC7355706 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we explored if Coca-Cola® had a beneficial impact on the systemic outcome of the weakly basic drug loratadine (Wal-itin®, immediate-release formulation, 10 mg, generic drug product). To map the contribution of underlying physiological variables that may positively impact the intestinal absorption of loratadine, a multi-compartmental and dynamic dissolution device was built, namely the Gastrointestinal Simulator (GIS). The luminal behavior of one immediate-release (IR) tablet of 10 mg of loratadine was tested under four different fasted state test conditions in the GIS: (i) with 250 mL of water and applying a predetermined gastric half-life (t1/2,G) of 15 min; (ii) with 250 mL of water and applying a t1/2,G of 30 min; (iii) with 250 mL of Coca-Cola® and a t1/2,G of 15 min; (iv) with 250 mL of Coca-Cola® and a t1/2,G of 30 min. After initiating the experiments, solution concentrations and solubility were measured in the withdrawn samples, and pH was monitored. To address the impact of the present CO2 in Coca-Cola® on the disintegration time of the tablet, additional disintegration experiments were performed in a single-vessel applying tap water and sparkling water as dissolution media. These experiments demonstrated the faster disintegration of the tablet in the presence of sparkling water, as the present CO2 facilitates the release of the drug. The buffer capacity of Coca-Cola® in the presence of FaSSGF was 4-fold higher than the buffer capacity of tap water in the presence of FaSSGF. After performing the in vitro experiments, the obtained results were used as input for a two-compartmental pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling approach to predict the systemic concentrations. These simulations pointed out that (i) the present CO2 in Coca-Cola® is responsible for the enhancement in drug release and dissolution and that (ii) a delay in gastric emptying rate will sustain the supersaturated concentrations of loratadine in the intestinal regions of the GI tract, resulting in an enhanced driving force for intestinal absorption. Therefore, co-administration of loratadine with Coca-Cola® will highly likely result in an increased systemic exposure compared to co-administration of loratadine with tap water. The mechanistic insights that were obtained from this work will serve as a scientific basis to evaluate the impact of Coca-Cola® on the systemic exposure of weakly basic drugs for patients on acid-reducing agents in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; (B.H.); (M.B.); (G.E.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; (B.H.); (M.B.); (G.E.A.)
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA;
| | - Gregory E. Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; (B.H.); (M.B.); (G.E.A.)
| | - Gordon L. Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; (B.H.); (M.B.); (G.E.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-764-2226; Fax: +1-734-764-6282
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Bermejo M, Meulman J, Davanço MG, Carvalho PDO, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Campos DR. In Vivo Predictive Dissolution (IPD) for Carbamazepine Formulations: Additional Evidence Regarding a Biopredictive Dissolution Medium. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060558. [PMID: 32560369 PMCID: PMC7355855 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to bring additional evidence regarding a biopredictive dissolution medium containing 1% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) to predict the in vivo behavior of carbamazepine (CBZ) products. Twelve healthy volunteers took one immediate release (IR) dose of either test and reference formulations in a bioequivalence study (BE). Dissolution profiles were carried-out using the medium. Level A in vitro–in vivo correlations (IVIVC) were established using both one-step and two-step approaches as well as exploring the time-scaling approach to account for the differences in dissolution rate in vitro versus in vivo. A detailed step by step calculation was provided to clearly illustrate all the procedures. The results show additional evidence that the medium containing 1% SLS can be classified as a universal biopredictive dissolution tool, and that both of the approaches used to develop the IVIVC (one and two-steps) provide good in vivo predictability. Therefore, this biopredictive medium could be a highly relevant tool in Latin-American countries to ensure and check the quality of their CBZ marketed products for which BE studies were not requested by their regulatory health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marival Bermejo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Facultad de Farmacia, University Miguel Hernandez de Elche, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Jessica Meulman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-871 São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Gomes Davanço
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, 12916-900 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (P.d.O.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Patricia de Oliveira Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, 12916-900 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (P.d.O.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Facultad de Farmacia, University Miguel Hernandez de Elche, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Rossi Campos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, 12916-900 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (P.d.O.C.); (D.R.C.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ruiz-Picazo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
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Bermejo M, Arribas-Arribas B, Fernandez B, Campos R, Montiel M, Nogueras S, Jimenez R, Carmona G, Gonzalez M. A proprietary GMP-manufactured human platelet lysate: two-year stability study. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bermejo M, Sanchez-Dengra B, Gonzalez-Alvarez M, Gonzalez-Alvarez I. Oral controlled release dosage forms: dissolution versus diffusion. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:791-803. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1750593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marival Bermejo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Barbara Sanchez-Dengra
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
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delMoral-Sanchez JM, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Gonzalez-Alvarez M, Navarro-Ruiz A, Bermejo M. Availability of Authorizations from EMA and FDA for Age-Appropriate Medicines Contained in the WHO Essential Medicines List for Children 2019. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040316. [PMID: 32244848 PMCID: PMC7238124 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of age-appropriate commercially drug products availability is a common problem in pediatric therapeutics; this population needs improved and safer drug delivery. In addition, biopharmaceutic aspects, dosage requirements, and swallowing abilities demand pediatric forms different to adult formulations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the authorization availability from United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) of oral essential medicines for children and analyze its age-appropriateness for oral administration in children. All oral drugs from 7th List of Essential Medicines for Children by World Health Organization (WHO) were selected. Availability of commercial drug products was collected from OrangeBook, Spanish drug product catalogue, British electronic Medicines Compendium, and the International Vademecum. Tablets, effervescent tablets, and capsules were considered as not age-appropriate forms. Liquid forms, powder for oral suspension, mini tablets, granules, and soluble films were considered as age-appropriate forms due to their flexibility. More than 80% of the studied drugs possess a commercial authorization in oral forms in both EMA and FDA. Nevertheless, around 50% of these formulations are not age-appropriate for most pediatric groups. This study shows the lack of age-appropriate medicines for children. More efforts are needed to improve development and approval of pediatric medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Manuel delMoral-Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (J.-M.d.-S.); (M.G.-A.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Miguel Hernandez University, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (J.-M.d.-S.); (M.G.-A.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-965919217
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (J.-M.d.-S.); (M.G.-A.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (J.-M.d.-S.); (M.G.-A.); (M.B.)
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Paixão P, Kawakami K, Bermejo M, Tsume Y, Silva N, Moribe K, Morais J, Amidon G, Yamashita S. Report from the “3rd International Symposium on BA/BE of Oral Drug Products: Biopharmaceutics meets Galenics”. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bermejo M, Hens B, Dickens J, Mudie D, Paixão P, Tsume Y, Shedden K, Amidon GL. A Mechanistic Physiologically-Based Biopharmaceutics Modeling (PBBM) Approach to Assess the In Vivo Performance of an Orally Administered Drug Product: From IVIVC to IVIVP. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12010074. [PMID: 31963448 PMCID: PMC7023481 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of in silico modeling to predict the in vivo outcome of an oral drug product is gaining a lot of interest. Fully relying on these models as a surrogate tool requires continuous optimization and validation. To do so, intraluminal and systemic data are desirable to judge the predicted outcomes. The aim of this study was to predict the systemic concentrations of ibuprofen after oral administration of an 800 mg immediate-release (IR) tablet to healthy subjects in fasted-state conditions. A mechanistic oral absorption model coupled with a two-compartmental pharmacokinetic (PK) model was built in Phoenix WinNonlinWinNonlin® software and in the GastroPlus™ simulator. It should be noted that all simulations were performed in an ideal framework as we were in possession of a plethora of in vivo data (e.g., motility, pH, luminal and systemic concentrations) in order to evaluate and optimize these models. All this work refers to the fact that important, yet crucial, gastrointestinal (GI) variables should be integrated into biopredictive dissolution testing (low buffer capacity media, considering phosphate versus bicarbonate buffer, hydrodynamics) to account for a valuable input for physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) platform programs. While simulations can be performed and mechanistic insights can be gained from such simulations from current software, we need to move from correlations to predictions (IVIVC → IVIVP) and, moreover, we need to further determine the dynamics of the GI variables controlling the dosage form transit, disintegration, dissolution, absorption and metabolism along the human GI tract. Establishing the link between biopredictive in vitro dissolution testing and mechanistic oral absorption modeling (i.e., physiologically-based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM)) creates an opportunity to potentially request biowaivers in the near future for orally administered drug products, regardless of its classification according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; (M.B.); (B.H.); (D.M.); (P.P.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; (M.B.); (B.H.); (D.M.); (P.P.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph Dickens
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Deanna Mudie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; (M.B.); (B.H.); (D.M.); (P.P.); (Y.T.)
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, OR 97703, USA
| | - Paulo Paixão
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; (M.B.); (B.H.); (D.M.); (P.P.); (Y.T.)
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; (M.B.); (B.H.); (D.M.); (P.P.); (Y.T.)
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Kerby Shedden
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Gordon L. Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; (M.B.); (B.H.); (D.M.); (P.P.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-764-2464.; Fax: +1-734-764-6282
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Hens B, Corsetti M, Bermejo M, Löbenberg R, González PM, Mitra A, Desai D, Chilukuri DM, Aceituno A. "Development of Fixed Dose Combination Products" Workshop Report: Considerations of Gastrointestinal Physiology and Overall Development Strategy. AAPS J 2019; 21:75. [PMID: 31172358 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most popular and used routes of drug product administration due to the convenience for better patient compliance and reduced costs to the patient compared to other routes. However, its complex nature poses a great challenge for formulation scientists when developing more complex dosage forms such as those combining two or more drugs. Fixed dose combination (FDC) products are two or more single active ingredients combined in a single dosage form. This formulation strategy represents a novel formulation which is as safe and effective compared to every mono-product separately. A complex drug product, to be dosed through a complex route, requires judicious considerations for formulation development. Additionally, it represents a challenge from a regulatory perspective at the time of demonstrating bioequivalence (BE) for generic versions of such drug products. This report gives the reader a summary of a 2-day short course that took place on the third and fourth of November at the Annual Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) meeting in 2018 at Washington, D.C. This manuscript will offer a comprehensive view of the most influential aspects of the GI physiology on the absorption of drugs and current techniques to help understand the fate of orally ingested drug products in the complex environment represented by the GI tract. Through case studies on FDC product development and regulatory issues, this manuscript will provide a great opportunity for readers to explore avenues for successfully developing FDC products and their generic versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Gasthuisberg, Box 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Maura Corsetti
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Pablo M González
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amitava Mitra
- Clinical Development, Sandoz, Inc. (A Novartis Division), Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
| | - Divyakant Desai
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, USA
| | - Dakshina Murthy Chilukuri
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, CDER, FDASilver Spring, US Food & Drug Administration (US FDA), Prince Georges Counties, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexis Aceituno
- Subdepto. Biofarmacia y Equivalencia Terapéutica, Agencia Nacional de Medicamentos (ANAMED), Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile y Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Díez-Fuertes F, De La Torre-Tarazona HE, Calonge E, Pernas M, Bermejo M, García-Pérez J, Álvarez A, Capa L, García-García F, Saumoy M, Riera M, Boland-Auge A, López-Galíndez C, Lathrop M, Dopazo J, Sakuntabhai A, Alcamí J. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the ubxn6 gene with long-term non-progression phenotype in HIV-positive individuals. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:107-114. [PMID: 31158522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) are a heterogeneous group of HIV-positive individuals characterized by their ability to maintain high CD4+ T-cell counts and partially control viral replication for years in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. The present study aims to identify host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with non-progression in a cohort of 352 individuals. METHODS DNA microarrays and exome sequencing were used for genotyping about 240 000 functional polymorphisms throughout more than 20 000 human genes. The allele frequencies of 85 LTNPs were compared with a control population. SNPs associated with LTNPs were confirmed in a population of typical progressors. Functional analyses in the affected gene were carried out through knockdown experiments in HeLa-P4, macrophages and dendritic cells. RESULTS Several SNPs located within the major histocompatibility complex region previously related to LTNPs were confirmed in this new cohort. The SNP rs1127888 (UBXN6) surpassed the statistical significance of these markers after Bonferroni correction (q = 2.11 × 10-6). An uncommon allelic frequency of rs1127888 among LTNPs was confirmed by comparison with typical progressors and other publicly available populations. UBXN6 knockdown experiments caused an increase in CAV1 expression and its accumulation in the plasma membrane. In vitro infection of different cell types with HIV-1 replication-competent recombinant viruses caused a reduction of the viral replication capacity compared with their corresponding wild-type cells expressing UBXN6. CONCLUSIONS A higher prevalence of Ala31Thr in UBXN6 was found among LTNPs within its N-terminal region, which is crucial for UBXN6/VCP protein complex formation. UBXN6 knockdown affected CAV1 turnover and HIV-1 replication capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Díez-Fuertes
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínic- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - H E De La Torre-Tarazona
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Calonge
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pernas
- Molecular Virology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Bermejo
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J García-Pérez
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Álvarez
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Capa
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - F García-García
- Unidad de Bioinformática y Bioestadística, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - M Saumoy
- HIV Unit, Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Riera
- Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario "Son Espases", Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A Boland-Auge
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - C López-Galíndez
- Molecular Virology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Lathrop
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - J Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain; Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; INB-ELIXIR-es, FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Sakuntabhai
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - J Alcamí
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínic- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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Pérez-Sánchez A, Cuyàs E, Ruiz-Torres V, Agulló-Chazarra L, Verdura S, González-Álvarez I, Bermejo M, Joven J, Micol V, Bosch-Barrera J, Menendez JA. Intestinal Permeability Study of Clinically Relevant Formulations of Silibinin in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1606. [PMID: 30935093 PMCID: PMC6480586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An ever-growing number of preclinical studies have investigated the tumoricidal activity of the milk thistle flavonolignan silibinin. The clinical value of silibinin as a bona fide anti-cancer therapy, however, remains uncertain with respect to its bioavailability and blood⁻brain barrier (BBB) permeability. To shed some light on the absorption and bioavailability of silibinin, we utilized the Caco-2 cell monolayer model of human intestinal absorption to evaluate the permeation properties of three different formulations of silibinin: silibinin-meglumine, a water-soluble form of silibinin complexed with the amino-sugar meglumine; silibinin-phosphatidylcholine, the phytolipid delivery system Siliphos; and Eurosil85/Euromed, a milk thistle extract that is the active component of the nutraceutical Legasil with enhanced bioavailability. Our approach predicted differential mechanisms of transport and blood⁻brain barrier permeabilities between the silibinin formulations tested. Our assessment might provide valuable information about an idoneous silibinin formulation capable of reaching target cancer tissues and accounting for the observed clinical effects of silibinin, including a recently reported meaningful central nervous system activity against brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Pérez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain.
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain.
| | - Verónica Ruiz-Torres
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Luz Agulló-Chazarra
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Sara Verdura
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain.
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain.
| | - Isabel González-Álvarez
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Engineering Department, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), San Juan de Alicante, 03202 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Engineering Department, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), San Juan de Alicante, 03202 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Vicente Micol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain.
- CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain.
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain.
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain.
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Bermejo M, Kuminek G, Al-Gousous J, Ruiz-Picazo A, Tsume Y, Garcia-Arieta A, González-Alvarez I, Hens B, Amidon GE, Rodriguez-Hornedo N, Amidon GL, Mudie D. Exploring Bioequivalence of Dexketoprofen Trometamol Drug Products with the Gastrointestinal Simulator (GIS) and Precipitation Pathways Analyses. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11030122. [PMID: 30884755 PMCID: PMC6471271 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to explain the differences in oral performance in fasted humans who were categorized into groups based on the three different drug product formulations of dexketoprofen trometamol (DKT) salt—Using a combination of in vitro techniques and pharmacokinetic analysis. The non-bioequivalence (non-BE) tablet group achieved higher plasma Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) than the reference and BE tablets groups, with only one difference in tablet composition, which was the presence of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, an alkalinizing excipient, in the tablet core of the non-BE formulation. Concentration profiles determined using a gastrointestinal simulator (GIS) apparatus designed with 0.01 N hydrochloric acid and 34 mM sodium chloride as the gastric medium and fasted state simulated intestinal fluids (FaSSIF-v1) as the intestinal medium showed a faster rate and a higher extent of dissolution of the non-BE product compared to the BE and reference products. These in vitro profiles mirrored the fraction doses absorbed in vivo obtained from deconvoluted plasma concentration–time profiles. However, when sodium chloride was not included in the gastric medium and phosphate buffer without bile salts and phospholipids were used as the intestinal medium, the three products exhibited nearly identical concentration profiles. Microscopic examination of DKT salt dissolution in the gastric medium containing sodium chloride identified that when calcium phosphate was present, the DKT dissolved without conversion to the less soluble free acid, which was consistent with the higher drug exposure of the non-BE formulation. In the absence of calcium phosphate, however, dexketoprofen trometamol salt dissolution began with a nano-phase formation that grew to a liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) and formed the less soluble free acid crystals. This phenomenon was dependent on the salt/excipient concentrations and the presence of free acid crystals in the salt phase. This work demonstrated the importance of excipients and purity of salt phase on the evolution and rate of salt disproportionation pathways. Moreover, the presented data clearly showed the usefulness of the GIS apparatus as a discriminating tool that could highlight the differences in formulation behavior when utilizing physiologically-relevant media and experimental conditions in combination with microscopy imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Gislaine Kuminek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jozef Al-Gousous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Picazo
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Merck and Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Alfredo Garcia-Arieta
- Service on Pharmacokinetics and Generic Medicines, Division of Pharmacology and Clinical Evaluation, Department of Human Use Medicines, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Care Products, 28022 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel González-Alvarez
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Nair Rodriguez-Hornedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Deanna Mudie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Drug Product Development and Innovation, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, Bend, OR 97703, USA.
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Al-Gousous J, Ruan H, Blechar JA, Sun KX, Salehi N, Langguth P, Job NM, Lipka E, Loebenberg R, Bermejo M, Amidon GE, Amidon GL. Mechanistic analysis and experimental verification of bicarbonate-controlled enteric coat dissolution: Potential in vivo implications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 139:47-58. [PMID: 30872012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enteric coatings have shown in vivo dissolution rates that are poorly predicted by traditional in vitro tests, with the in vivo dissolution being considerably slower than in vitro. To provide a more mechanistic understanding of this, the dependence of the release properties of various enteric-coated (EC) products on bulk pH and bicarbonate molarity was investigated. It was found that, at presumably in vivo-relevant values, the bicarbonate molarity is a more significant determinant of the dissolution profile than the bulk pH. The findings also indicate that this steep relationship between the dissolution of enteric coatings and bicarbonate molarity limits those coatings' performance in vivo. This is attributed to the relatively low bicarbonate molarities in human intestinal fluids. Further, the hydration and dehydrations kinetics of carbonic acid and carbon dioxide are not sufficiently rapid to reach equilibrium in the diffusion layer surrounding a dissolving ionizable solid. This results in the effective pKa of bicarbonate in the diffusion layer being lower than that determined potentiometrically at equilibrium in the bulk surrounding fluid. These results demonstrate the importance of thoroughly investigating the intestinal bicarbonate concentrations and using bicarbonate buffers or properly designed surrogates (if possible) when evaluating enteric drug products during product development and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Al-Gousous
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - H Ruan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Drug, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - J A Blechar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K X Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - N Salehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - P Langguth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - N M Job
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - E Lipka
- TSRL Inc., 540 Avis Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - R Loebenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - M Bermejo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University , San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - G E Amidon
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - G L Amidon
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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36
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Martínez-Martínez M, Rodríguez-Berna G, Bermejo M, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Gonzalez-Alvarez M, Merino V. Covalently crosslinked organophosphorous derivatives-chitosan hydrogel as a drug delivery system for oral administration of camptothecin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 136:174-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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37
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Vivancos V, González-Alvarez I, Bermejo M, Gonzalez-Alvarez M. Giardiasis: Characteristics, Pathogenesis and New Insights About Treatment. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 18:1287-1303. [PMID: 30277155 DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666181002095314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis infection causes enterocytes damage and loss of brush border of the epithelial cells of the intestine that leads to shortening of microvilli and altered epithelial barrier function. This pathology results in aqueous diarrhoea, steatorrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and weight loss. However, most infections are asymptomatic. The main consequence of Giardia colonization is nutrients malabsorption. Several families of drugs with good efficacy are used for Giardia treatment, but sometime dosing regimens are suboptimal and emerging resistance begins to question their clinical value. Moreover, some of these drugs can cause side effects that result in patient discomfort and low adherence to the treatment. This paper reviews the drugs currently used for the treatment against Giardia: the mechanism of action, the efficacy, the normal dosing, side effects and in vitro and clinical studies. In addition, new therapies against Giardia such as those based on phytochemicals, Lactobacillus and nanotechnology are collected in this paper, trying to find the ideal treatment for this disease with maximum efficacy and minimum adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vivancos
- Departamento de Ingenieria. Area Farmacia y Tecnologia Farmaceutica. Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica. Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - I González-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ingenieria. Area Farmacia y Tecnologia Farmaceutica. Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - M Bermejo
- Departamento de Ingenieria. Area Farmacia y Tecnologia Farmaceutica. Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - M Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ingenieria. Area Farmacia y Tecnologia Farmaceutica. Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
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38
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Bermejo M, Paixão P, Hens B, Tsume Y, Koenigsknecht MJ, Baker JR, Hasler WL, Lionberger R, Fan J, Dickens J, Shedden K, Wen B, Wysocki J, Löbenberg R, Lee A, Frances A, Amidon GE, Yu A, Salehi N, Talattof A, Benninghoff G, Sun D, Kuminek G, Cavanagh KL, Rodríguez-Hornedo N, Amidon GL. Linking the Gastrointestinal Behavior of Ibuprofen with the Systemic Exposure between and within Humans-Part 1: Fasted State Conditions. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5454-5467. [PMID: 30372084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this project was to explore and to statistically evaluate the responsible gastrointestinal (GI) factors that are significant factors in explaining the systemic exposure of ibuprofen, between and within human subjects. In a previous study, we determined the solution and total concentrations of ibuprofen as a function of time in aspirated GI fluids, after oral administration of an 800 mg IR tablet (reference standard) of ibuprofen to 20 healthy volunteers in fasted state conditions. In addition, we determined luminal pH and motility pressure recordings that were simultaneously monitored along the GI tract. Blood samples were taken to determine ibuprofen plasma levels. In this work, an in-depth statistical and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to explain which underlying GI variables are determining the systemic concentrations of ibuprofen between (inter-) and within (intra-) subjects. In addition, the obtained plasma profiles were deconvoluted to link the fraction absorbed with the fraction dissolved. Multiple linear regressions were performed to explain and quantitatively express the impact of underlying GI physiology on systemic exposure of the drug (in terms of plasma Cmax/AUC and plasma Tmax). The exploratory analysis of the correlation between plasma Cmax/AUC and the time to the first phase III contractions postdose (TMMC-III) explains ∼40% of the variability in plasma Cmax for all fasted state subjects. We have experimentally shown that the in vivo intestinal dissolution of ibuprofen is dependent upon physiological variables like, in this case, pH and postdose phase III contractions. For the first time, this work presents a thorough statistical analysis explaining how the GI behavior of an ionized drug can explain the systemic exposure of the drug based on the individual profiles of participating subjects. This creates a scientifically based and rational framework that emphasizes the importance of including pH and motility in a predictive in vivo dissolution methodology to forecast the in vivo performance of a drug product. Moreover, as no extensive first-pass metabolism is considered for ibuprofen, this study demonstrates how intraluminal drug behavior is reflecting the systemic exposure of a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States.,Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section , Miguel Hernandez University , San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante , Spain
| | - Paulo Paixão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade de Lisboa , Avenida Professor Gama Pinto , 1649-003 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Mark J Koenigsknecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | | | | | - Robert Lionberger
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Jianghong Fan
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | | | | | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Jeffrey Wysocki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Allen Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Ann Frances
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Alex Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Niloufar Salehi
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems and Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-2136 , United States
| | - Arjang Talattof
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Gail Benninghoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Gislaine Kuminek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Katie L Cavanagh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Naír Rodríguez-Hornedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
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39
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Paixão P, Bermejo M, Hens B, Tsume Y, Dickens J, Shedden K, Salehi N, Koenigsknecht MJ, Baker JR, Hasler WL, Lionberger R, Fan J, Wysocki J, Wen B, Lee A, Frances A, Amidon GE, Yu A, Benninghoff G, Löbenberg R, Talattof A, Sun D, Amidon GL. Linking the Gastrointestinal Behavior of Ibuprofen with the Systemic Exposure between and within Humans—Part 2: Fed State. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5468-5478. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Paixão
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–1065, United States
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–1065, United States
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–1065, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–1065, United States
| | | | | | - Niloufar Salehi
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, United States
| | - Mark J. Koenigsknecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–1065, United States
| | - Jason R. Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - William L. Hasler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert Lionberger
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Jianghong Fan
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Jeffrey Wysocki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–1065, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–1065, United States
| | - Allen Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ann Frances
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–1065, United States
| | - Gregory E. Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–1065, United States
| | - Alex Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–1065, United States
| | - Gail Benninghoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–1065, United States
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Arjang Talattof
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–1065, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–1065, United States
| | - Gordon L. Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–1065, United States
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Di Meo C, Martínez-Martínez M, Coviello T, Bermejo M, Merino V, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Gonzalez-Alvarez M, Matricardi P. Long-Circulating Hyaluronan-Based Nanohydrogels as Carriers of Hydrophobic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040213. [PMID: 30400294 PMCID: PMC6320896 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanohydrogels based on natural polymers, such as polysaccharides, are gaining interest as vehicles for therapeutic agents, as they can modify the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the carried drugs. In this work, hyaluronan-riboflavin nanohydrogels were tested in vivo in healthy rats highlighting their lack of toxicity, even at high doses, and their different biodistribution with respect to that of native hyaluronan. They were also exploited as carriers of a hydrophobic model drug, the anti-inflammatory piroxicam, that was physically embedded within the nanohydrogels by an autoclave treatment. The nanoformulation was tested by intravenous administration showing an improvement of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the molecule. The obtained results indicate that hyaluronan-based self-assembled nanohydrogels are suitable systems for low-soluble drug administration, by increasing the dose as well as the circulation time of poorly available therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mayte Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Tommasina Coviello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Virginia Merino
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Pietro Matricardi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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41
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Al-Gousous J, Sun KX, McNamara DP, Hens B, Salehi N, Langguth P, Bermejo M, Amidon GE, Amidon GL. Mass Transport Analysis of the Enhanced Buffer Capacity of the Bicarbonate-CO 2 Buffer in a Phase-Heterogenous System: Physiological and Pharmaceutical Significance. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5291-5301. [PMID: 30362350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The bicarbonate buffer capacity is usually considered in a phase-homogeneous system, at equilibrium, with no CO2 transfer between the liquid buffer phase and another phase. However, typically, an in vitro bicarbonate buffer-based system is a phase-heterogeneous system, as it entails continuously sparging (bubbling) the dissolution medium with CO2 in a gas mixture, at constant ratio, to maintain a constant partial pressure of CO2 (g) and CO2(aq) molarity at a prescribed value, with CO2 diffusing freely between the gas and the aqueous phases. The human gastrointestinal tract is also a phase-heterogeneous system, with CO2 diffusing across the mucosal membrane into the mesenteric arterial blood, which serves as a sink for CO2 from the intestinal lumen. In this report, a mass transport analysis of the apparent buffer capacity of a phase-heterogeneous bicarbonate-CO2 system is developed. It is shown that, most significantly, a phase-heterogeneous bicarbonate-CO2 system can have a much higher buffer capacity than a phase-homogeneous system such that the buffer capacity is dependent on the bicarbonate concentration. It is double that of a phase-homogeneous system at the pH = p Ka for a monoprotic buffer at the same concentration. This buffer capacity enhancement increases hyperbolically with pH above the p Ka, thus providing a much stronger buffering to keep the pH in the physiologically neutral range. The buffer capacity will be dependent on the bicarbonate molarity (which in vivo will depend on the bicarbonate secretion rate) and not the pH of the luminal fluid. Further, there is no conjugate acid accumulation as a result of bicarbonate neutralization, since the resulting carbonic acid (H2CO3) rapidly dehydrates producing CO2 and H2O. The mass transport analysis developed in this report is further supported by in vitro experimental results. This enhanced bicarbonate buffer capacity in a phase-heterogeneous system is of physiological significance as well as significant for the dissolution and absorption of ionizable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Al-Gousous
- University of Michigan , College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 428 Church Street, Room 4002 , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Kathy X Sun
- University of Michigan , College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 428 Church Street, Room 4002 , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Daniel P McNamara
- Drug Product Science and Technology , Bristol-Myers Squibb , 1 Squibb Drive , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 , United States
| | - Bart Hens
- University of Michigan , College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 428 Church Street, Room 4002 , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Niloufar Salehi
- University of Michigan , College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 428 Church Street, Room 4002 , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Peter Langguth
- Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Fachbereich Chemie Pharmazie und Geowissenschaften , Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , D-55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Universidad Miguel Hernández , Ingenieria: Area Farmacia , Ctra. Alicante-Valencia N 332 , 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant , Spain
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- University of Michigan , College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 428 Church Street, Room 4002 , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- University of Michigan , College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 428 Church Street, Room 4002 , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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42
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Caldeira TG, Ruiz-Picazo A, Lozoya-Agullo I, Saúde-Guimarães DA, González-Álvarez M, de Souza J, González-Álvarez I, Bermejo M. Determination of intestinal permeability using in situ perfusion model in rats: Challenges and advantages to BCS classification applied to digoxin. Int J Pharm 2018; 551:148-157. [PMID: 30218825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to describe the closed loop in situ perfusion method in rats and to compare the difficulties and advantages with other methods proposed by regulatory agencies for BCS classification and finally to illustrate its application to evaluate the permeability of digoxin at relevant clinical concentrations. Digoxin was evaluated at two concentration levels: 1.0 μg/ml (with and without sodium azide 65.0 μg/ml) and 6.0 μg/ml. These concentrations correspond to the ratio of the highest dose strength (0.25 mg) and the highest single dose administered (1.5 mg) and the 250 ml of water. In situ closed loop perfusion studies in rats were performed in the whole small intestine and also in duodenum, jejunum and ileum segments to evaluate the relevance of P-gp secretion in the overall permeability. A kinetic modelling approach involving passive permeation and efflux transport mechanism allowed the estimation of the passive diffusional component and the Michaelis-menten parameters. The estimated Km value demonstrated that at clinical luminal concentrations the efflux process is not saturated and then it could be inhibited by other drugs, excipients or food components leading to the already reported clinical drug-drug and drug-food interations. The present data confirms from a mechanistic point of view these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Guedes Caldeira
- Department of Engineering, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain; Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Picazo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Lozoya-Agullo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Dênia Antunes Saúde-Guimarães
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marta González-Álvarez
- Department of Engineering, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jacqueline de Souza
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabel González-Álvarez
- Department of Engineering, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
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43
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Tsume Y, Patel S, Fotaki N, Bergstrӧm C, Amidon GL, Brasseur JG, Mudie DM, Sun D, Bermejo M, Gao P, Zhu W, Sperry DC, Vertzoni M, Parrott N, Lionberger R, Kambayashi A, Hermans A, Lu X, Amidon GE. In Vivo Predictive Dissolution and Simulation Workshop Report: Facilitating the Development of Oral Drug Formulation and the Prediction of Oral Bioperformance. AAPS J 2018; 20:100. [PMID: 30191341 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tsume
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA. .,Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA.
| | - Sanjaykumar Patel
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Gordon L Amidon
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - James G Brasseur
- Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Duxin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | | | - Ping Gao
- Abbvie, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, USA
| | - David C Sperry
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, USA
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Neil Parrott
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andre Hermans
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, USA
| | - Xujin Lu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
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44
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Hens B, Sinko PD, Job N, Dean M, Al-Gousous J, Salehi N, Ziff RM, Tsume Y, Bermejo M, Paixão P, Brasseur JG, Yu A, Talattof A, Benninghoff G, Langguth P, Lennernäs H, Hasler WL, Marciani L, Dickens J, Shedden K, Sun D, Amidon GE, Amidon GL. Formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing to advance oral drug product development: An introduction to the US FDA funded ‘21st Century BA/BE’ project. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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45
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Hens B, Bermejo M, Tsume Y, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Ruan H, Matsui K, Amidon GE, Cavanagh KL, Kuminek G, Benninghoff G, Fan J, Rodríguez-Hornedo N, Amidon GL. Evaluation and optimized selection of supersaturating drug delivery systems of posaconazole (BCS class 2b) in the gastrointestinal simulator (GIS): An in vitro-in silico-in vivo approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 115:258-269. [PMID: 29378253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Supersaturating drug delivery systems (SDDS) have been put forward in the recent decades in order to circumvent the issue of low aqueous solubility. Prior to the start of clinical trials, these enabling formulations should be adequately explored in in vitro/in silico studies in order to understand their in vivo performance and to select the most appropriate and effective formulation in terms of oral bioavailability and therapeutic outcome. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the in vivo performance of four different oral formulations of posaconazole (categorized as a biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class 2b compound) based on the in vitro concentrations in the gastrointestinal simulator (GIS), coupled with an in silico pharmacokinetic model to predict their systemic profiles. Recently published intraluminal and systemic concentrations of posaconazole for these formulations served as a reference to validate the in vitro and in silico results. Additionally, the morphology of the formed precipitate of posaconazole was visualized and characterized by optical microscopy studies and thermal analysis. This multidisciplinary work demonstrates an in vitro-in silico-in vivo approach that provides a scientific basis for screening SDDS by a user-friendly formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) device in order to rank these formulations towards their in vivo performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Hao Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kazuki Matsui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Pharmacokinetics Group, Biological Research Department, Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katie L Cavanagh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gislaine Kuminek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gail Benninghoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianghong Fan
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Naír Rodríguez-Hornedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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46
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González-García I, Mangas-Sanjuan V, Merino-Sanjuán M, Álvarez-Álvarez C, Díaz-Garzón Marco J, Rodríguez-Bonnín MA, Langguth T, Torrado-Durán JJ, Langguth P, García-Arieta A, Bermejo M. IVIVC approach based on carbamazepine bioequivalence studies combination. Pharmazie 2018; 72:449-455. [PMID: 29441903 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2017.7011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility of obtaining an IVIVC by combination of data from two bioequivalence (BE) studies of carbamazepine (CBZ) in order to assess if the previously published dissolution media and conditions could be applicable to any other oral immediate release (IR) CBZ products with conventional excipients. Twenty-four healthy male subjects from two BE study received one IR dose of the test (test 1 or 2) or the reference formulation (Tegretol, 400 mg). Dissolution studies of the IR CBZ tablets were performed in two different laboratories. In order to develop IVIVC, individual or average data analysis were considered. A level C, level B and level A correlation have been successfully developed by combining data from different BE studies of CBZ immediate release drug products. A level A IVIVC was developed with all four datasets with a good R2 for all the combinations of in vivo and in vitro data. A dissolution medium containing 1% SLS has demonstrated its suitability as the universal biopredictive dissolution medium, even if different batches and in vivo/in vitro studies were combined.
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47
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Paixão P, Bermejo M, Hens B, Tsume Y, Dickens J, Shedden K, Salehi N, Koenigsknecht MJ, Baker JR, Hasler WL, Lionberger R, Fan J, Wysocki J, Wen B, Lee A, Frances A, Amidon GE, Yu A, Benninghoff G, Löbenberg R, Talattof A, Sun D, Amidon GL. Gastric emptying and intestinal appearance of nonabsorbable drugs phenol red and paromomycin in human subjects: A multi-compartment stomach approach. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 129:162-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Reynaldo-Fernández G, Solozábal J, Amaro D, Fernández-Sánchez EM, Rodríguez-Vera L, Bermejo M, Mangas-Sanjuan V, Troconiz IF. Semi-mechanistic Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic model of three pegylated rHuEPO and ior®EPOCIM in New Zealand rabbits. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 120:123-132. [PMID: 29729414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Marketed formulations of erythropoietin (EPO) ior®EPOCIM, MIRCERA® and two newly developed pegylated-EPO analogues (PEG-EPO 32 and 40 kDa) formulations were intravenously administered to New Zealand rabbits. A semi-mechanistic Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model describing in a simultaneous and integrated form the time course of reticulocytes, red blood cells and hemoglobin was built to account for the time course of hematopoiesis stimulation after erythropoietin administration. Data analysis was performed based on the population approach with the software NONMEM version 7.3. Erythropoietin disposition of each of the administered formulations was best described with a two compartment model and linear elimination. Different formulations show different clearance and apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment but share estimates of inter-compartmental clearance and apparent peripheral volume of distribution. A semi-mechanistic model including cell proliferation, maturation, and homeostatic regulation provided a good description of the data regardless the type of erythropoietin formulation administered. The system-, and drug-related parameters showed consistency and differed across formulations, respectively. A single IV administration of PEG-EPO 32 and 40 kDa formulations in New Zealand rabbits achieves a median change of 27% and 22% on RET levels, and of 47% and 63% on RBC and HGB levels, respectively compared to MIRCERA®. The administration of new branched PEG-chains formulations improves PK and PD properties of EPO, in terms of increasing elimination half-lives and pharmacological activity on RET, RBC and HGB compared to commercially available formulations (ior®EPOCIM and MIRCERA®).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Reynaldo-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy & Foods, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - D Amaro
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Cuba
| | - E M Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy & Foods, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - L Rodríguez-Vera
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy & Foods, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - M Bermejo
- Engineering: Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain
| | - V Mangas-Sanjuan
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, University of Valencia, Spain; Institute of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Joint Centre of Polytechnic University of Valencia and University of Valencia, Spain.
| | - I F Troconiz
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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49
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Del Moral Sanchez JM, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Cerda-Revert A, Gonzalez-Alvarez M, Navarro-Ruiz A, Amidon GL, Bermejo M. Biopharmaceutical optimization in neglected diseases for paediatric patients by applying the provisional paediatric biopharmaceutical classification system. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:2231-2241. [PMID: 29846973 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Unavailability and lack of appropriate, effective and safe formulations are common problems in paediatric therapeutics. Key factors such as swallowing abilities, organoleptic preferences and dosage requirements determine the need for optimization of formulations. The provisional Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) can be used in paediatric formulation design as a risk analysis and optimization tool. The objective of this study was to classify six neglected tropical disease drugs following a provisional paediatric BCS (pBCS) classification adapted to three paediatric subpopulations (neonates, infants and children). METHODS Albendazole, benznidazole, ivermectin, nifurtimox, praziquantel and proguanil were selected from the 5th edition of the Model List of Essential Medicines for Children from the World Health Organization. Paediatric drug solubility classification was based on dose number calculation. Provisional permeability classification was based on log P comparison versus metoprolol log P value, assuming passive diffusion absorption mechanisms and no changes in passive membrane permeability between paediatric patients and adults. pBCS classes were estimated for each drug, according to different doses and volumes adapted for each age stage and were compared to the adult classification. RESULTS All six drugs were classified into provisional pBCS in the three paediatric subpopulations. Three drugs maintained the same classification as for adults, ivermectin and benznidazole changed solubility class from low to high in neonates and proguanil changed from low to high solubility in all age stages. CONCLUSION Provisional pBCS classification of these six drugs shows potential changes in the limiting factors in oral absorption in paediatrics, depending on age stage, compared to the adult population. This valuable information will aid the optimization of paediatric dosing and formulations and can identify bioinequivalence risks when comparing different formulations and paediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Del Moral Sanchez
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Miguel Hernandez University, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche (Alicante), Spain.,Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Aaron Cerda-Revert
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Andres Navarro-Ruiz
- Pharmacy Service, General University Hospital of Elche, 03202, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1065, USA
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain
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50
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Lozoya-Agullo I, González-Álvarez I, Merino-Sanjuán M, Bermejo M, González-Álvarez M. Preclinical models for colonic absorption, application to controlled release formulation development. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 130:247-259. [PMID: 30064699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral controlled release (CR) formulations have many benefits and have become a valuable resource for the local and systemic administration of drugs. The most important characteristic of these pharmaceutical products is that drug absorption occurs mainly in the colon. Therefore, this review analyses the physiological and physicochemical features that may affect an orally administered CR product, as well as the different strategies to develop a CR dosage form and the methods used to evaluate the formulation efficacy. The models available to study the intestinal permeability and their applicability to colonic permeability determinations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Lozoya-Agullo
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain; Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Matilde Merino-Sanjuán
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Spain; Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, Polytechnic University-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain
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