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Chen CW, Chen SH, Huang CF, Chen JK. Designable Poly(methacrylic Acid)/Silver Cluster Ring Arrays as Reflectance Spectroscopy-Based Biosensors for Label-Free Plague Diagnosis. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081919. [PMID: 37112066 PMCID: PMC10143817 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A hole array was fabricated via photolithography to wet the bottoms of holes using oxygen plasma. Amide-terminated silane, a water immiscible compound before hydrolysis, was evaporated for deposition on the plasma-treated hole template surface. The silane compound was hydrolyzed along the edges of circular sides of the hole bottom to form a ring of an initiator after halogenation. Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) was grafted from the ring of the initiator to attract Ag clusters (AgCs) as AgC-PMAA hybrid ring (SPHR) arrays via alternate phase transition cycles. The SPHR arrays were modified with a Yersinia pestis antibody (abY) to detect the antigen of Yersinia pestis (agY) for plague diagnosis. The binding of the agY onto the abY-anchored SPHR array resulted in a geometrical change from a ring to a two-humped structure. The reflectance spectra could be used to analyze the AgC attachment and the agY binding onto the abY-anchored SPHR array. The linear range between the wavelength shift and agY concentration from 30 to 270 pg mL-1 was established to obtain the detection limit of ~12.3 pg mL-1. Our proposed method provides a novel pathway to efficiently fabricate a ring array with a scale of less than 100 nm, which demonstrates excellent performance in preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Institute of Industrial Safety and Disaster Prevention, College of Sustainable Environment, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Daxue Rd. East Dist., Hsinchu City 300093, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Chen CW, Zeng XY, Cheng CC, Wang CF, Chen JK. LSPR Sensing of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecules through Sphere and Cavity Plasmons of a Composite Ring Array of Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]/Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17779-17786. [PMID: 36519823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Self-organization facilitates the formation of specific structures as a result of constituent interactions. In this study, the bottom of a 600 nm hole array photoresist template, which was deposited with a hydrophobic atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator, was wetted by treatment with oxygen plasma. After the removal of the photoresist template, ring patterns of the ATRP initiator were formed at the interface between the hydrophobic and wetting regions. Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) was grafted from the ring array of the initiator to immobilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a uniform ring array on a silicon substrate via repeated swelling/shrinking cycles. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of the PDMAEMA-AuNP hybrid ring (PAHR) red-shifted after 12 swelling/shrinking cycles. In comparison to gold nanoparticles, scalable gold nanorings can effectively develop a variety of nanostructures to design LSPR-based sensors and optimize the sensing accuracy and stability. To detect epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM) during the structural change from a ring to a disk, antiEpCAM was anchored onto the PAHR as a biosensor during swelling/shrinking. The coupling of antiEpCAM and EpCAM led to asymptotical convergence from rings to disks as well as blue shifts of the LSPR peaks. Linear correlation between the blue shift and EpCAM concentration showed a limit of detection of ∼27 pg mL-1 and a linear range of 25-200 pg mL-1 for the detection of EpCAM within 30 min. The simple method of combining lithography and plasma technology provides a versatile platform for developing the scalable ring structure of AuNPs for highly sensitive and selective biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan710, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Occupational Safety and Health/Institute of Industrial Safety and Disaster Prevention, College of Sustainable Environment, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan717, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Xiang-Yun Zeng
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Chia Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Feng Wang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei106, Taiwan, ROC
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Lin FY, Huang BR, Huang CY, Chen JK. Glucose-responsive nanogate of poly(methacrylic acid) brush-glucosamine network capping on the holes of chips for controlled insulin release. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lee AW, Chang PL, Liaw SK, Lu CH, Chen JK. Inflammation-Responsive Nanovalves of Polymer-Conjugated Dextran on a Hole Array of Silicon Substrate for Controlled Antibiotic Release. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173611. [PMID: 36080686 PMCID: PMC9459923 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes were tethered on a silicon surface possessing a 500-nm hole array via atom transfer radical polymerization after the modification of the halogen group. Dextran-biotin (DB) was sequentially immobilized on the PMAA chains to obtain a P(MAA-DB) brush surrounding the hole edges on the silicon surface. After loading antibiotics inside the holes, biphenyl-4,4′-diboronic acid (BDA) was used to cross-link the P(MAA-DB) chains through the formation of boronate esters to cap the hole and block the release of the antibiotics. The boronate esters were disassociated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to open the holes and release the antibiotics, thus indicating a reversible association. The total amount of drug inside the chip was approximately 52.4 μg cm−2, which could be released at a rate of approximately 1.6 μg h−1 cm−2 at a ROS concentration of 10 nM. The P(MAA-DB) brush-modified chip was biocompatible without significant toxicity toward L929 cells during the antibiotic release. The inflammation-triggered antibiotic release system based on a subcutaneous implant chip not only exhibits excellent efficacy against bacteria but also excellent biocompatibility, recyclability, and sensitivity, which can be easily extended to other drug delivery systems for numerous biomedical applications without phagocytosis- and metabolism-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Wei Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Lung Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shien-Kuei Liaw
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Rong-Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (J.-K.C.); Tel.: +886-2-27376523 (J.-K.C.); Fax: +886-2-27376544 (J.-K.C.)
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (J.-K.C.); Tel.: +886-2-27376523 (J.-K.C.); Fax: +886-2-27376544 (J.-K.C.)
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The Bioanalytical and Biomedical Applications of Polymer Modified Substrates. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040826. [PMID: 35215740 PMCID: PMC8878960 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers with different structures and morphology have been extensively used to construct functionalized surfaces for a wide range of applications because the physicochemical properties of polymers can be finely adjusted by their molecular weights, polydispersity and configurations, as well as the chemical structures and natures of monomers. In particular, the specific functions of polymers can be easily achieved at post-synthesis by the attachment of different kinds of active molecules such as recognition ligand, peptides, aptamers and antibodies. In this review, the recent advances in the bioanalytical and biomedical applications of polymer modified substrates were summarized with subsections on functionalization using branched polymers, polymer brushes and polymer hydrogels. The review focuses on their applications as biosensors with excellent analytical performance and/or as nonfouling surfaces with efficient antibacterial activity. Finally, we discuss the perspectives and future directions of polymer modified substrates in the development of biodevices for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases.
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Chen JK, Lin FP, Chang CJ, Lu CH, Huang CF. Facile Molecular Weight Determination of Polymer Brushes Grafted from One-Dimensional Diffraction Grating by SI-ATRP Using Reflective Laser System. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4270. [PMID: 34883771 PMCID: PMC8659917 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin was immobilized selectively on the amide groups-modified bottom of a trench array of a photoresist template with 2 μm resolution by the ethyl(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide reaction. The gelatin-immobilized line array was brominated to generate a macroinitiator for atom transfer radical polymerization. Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes were grafted from the macroinitiator layer as line arrays of one-dimensional diffraction gratings (DGs) for various grafting polymerization times. A laser beam system was employed to analyze the optical feature with a characteristic diffraction effect of the PMAA DGs at a 45° incident angle along the transverse magnetic and transverse electric polarization. The growth of the PMAA brush lines increased both their heights and widths, leading to a change in the reflective diffraction intensity. The PMAA brushes under various grafting polymerization times were cleaved from the substrate by digestion of gelatin with trypsin, and their molecular weights were obtained by gel permeation chromatography. The change degree of the diffraction intensity varied linearly with the molecular weight of the PMAA brushes over a wide range, from 135 to 1475 kDa, with high correlation coefficients. Molecular weight determination of polymer brushes using the reflective diffraction intensity provides a simple method to monitor their growth in real time without polymer brush cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106335, Taiwan; (J.-K.C.); (F.-P.L.)
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32043, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ping Lin
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106335, Taiwan; (J.-K.C.); (F.-P.L.)
| | - Chi-Jung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Taichung 40724, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Hsing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, and Rong-Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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