1
|
Enhanced DNA nuclease activity of Momordica charantia lectin by biomimetic mineralization as hybrid copper phosphate nanoflowers and as zeolitic imidazole frameworks. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1925-1935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
2
|
Huang Y, Li P, Zhao R, Zhao L, Liu J, Peng S, Fu X, Wang X, Luo R, Wang R, Zhang Z. Silica nanoparticles: Biomedical applications and toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113053. [PMID: 35594717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are composed of silicon dioxide, the most abundant compound on Earth, and are used widely in many applications including the food industry, synthetic processes, medical diagnosis, and drug delivery due to their controllable particle size, large surface area, and great biocompatibility. Building on basic synthetic methods, convenient and economical strategies have been developed for the synthesis of SiNPs. Numerous studies have assessed the biomedical applications of SiNPs, including the surface and structural modification of SiNPs to target various cancers and diagnose diseases. However, studies on the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of SiNPs remain in the exploratory stage, and the toxicity mechanisms of SiNPs are poorly understood. This review covers recent studies on the biomedical applications of SiNPs, including their uses in drug delivery systems to diagnose and treat various diseases in the human body. SiNP toxicity is discussed in terms of the different systems of the human body and the individual organs in those systems. This comprehensive review includes both fundamental discoveries and exploratory progress in SiNP research that may lead to practical developments in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ruikang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Laien Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Shengjun Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Rongrui Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Zhuhong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shakeri F, Ariaeenejad S, Ghollasi M, Motamedi E. Synthesis of two novel bio-based hydrogels using sodium alginate and chitosan and their proficiency in physical immobilization of enzymes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2072. [PMID: 35136126 PMCID: PMC8827098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, four novel and bio-based hydrogel samples using sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan (CH) grafted with acrylamide (AAm) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and their reinforced nanocomposites with graphene oxide (GO) were synthesized and coded as SA-g-(AAm-co-GMA), CH-g-(AAm-co-GMA), GO/SA-g-(AAm-co-GMA), and GO/CH-g-(AAm-co-GMA), respectively. The morphology, net charge, and water absorption capacity of samples were entirely changed by switching the biopolymer from SA to CH and adding a nano-filler. The proficiencies of hydrogels were compared in the immobilization of a model metagenomic-derived xylanase (PersiXyn9). The best performance was observed for GO/SA-g-poly(AAm-co-GMA) sample indicating better stabilizing electrostatic attractions between PersiXyn9 and reinforced SA-based hydrogel. Compared to the free enzyme, the immobilized PersiXyn9 on reinforced SA-based hydrogel showed a 110.1% increase in the released reducing sugar and almost double relative activity after 180 min storage. While immobilized enzyme on SA-based hydrogel displayed 58.7% activity after twelve reuse cycles, the enzyme on CH-based carrier just retained 8.5% activity after similar runs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fateh Shakeri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghollasi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elaheh Motamedi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Agrawal AK, Singh B, Singhai P, Kashyap Y, Shukla M. The white beam station at imaging beamline BL-4, Indus-2. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1639-1648. [PMID: 34475311 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752100775x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The high flux density of synchrotron white beam offers several advantages in X-ray imaging such as higher resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in 3D/4D micro-tomography, higher frame rate in real-time imaging of transient phenomena, and higher penetration in thick and dense materials especially at higher energies. However, these advantages come with additional challenges to beamline optics, camera and sample due to increased heat load and radiation damage, and to personal safety due to higher radiation dose and ozone gas hazards. In this work, a white beam imaging facility at imaging beamline BL-4, Indus-2, has been developed, while taking care of various instrumental and personal safety challenges. The facility has been tested to achieve 1.5 µm spatial resolution, increased penetration depth up to 900 µm in steel, and high temporal resolutions of ∼10 ms (region of interest 2048 × 2048 pixels) and 70 µs (256 × 2048 pixels). The facility is being used successfully for X-ray imaging, non-destructive testing and dosimetry experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Agrawal
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Balwant Singh
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Payal Singhai
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Yogesh Kashyap
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Mayank Shukla
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lahiri S, Mishra A, Mandal D, Bhardwaj RL, Gogate PR. Sonochemical recovery of uranium from nanosilica-based sorbent and its biohybrid. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 76:105667. [PMID: 34265634 PMCID: PMC8281597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Use of nanomaterials to remove uranium by adsorption from nuclear wastewater is widely applied, though not much work is focused on the recovery of uranium from the sorbents. The present work reports the recovery of adsorbed uranium from the microstructures of silica nanoparticles (SiO2M) and its functionalized biohybrid (fBHM), synthesized with Streptococcus lactis cells and SiO2M, intensified using ultrasound. Effects of temperature, concentration of leachant (nitric acid), sonic intensity, and operating frequency on the recovery as well as kinetics of recovery were thoroughly studied. A comparison with the silent operation demonstrated five and two fold increase due to the use of ultrasound under optimum conditions in the dissolution from SiO2M and fBHM respectively. Results of the subsequent adsorption studies using both the sorbents after sonochemical desorption have also been presented with an aim of checking the efficacy of reusing the adsorbent back in wastewater treatment. The SiO2M and fBHM adsorbed 69% and 67% of uranium respectively in the second cycle. The adsorption capacity of fBHM was found to reduce from 92% in the first cycle to 67% due to loss of adsorption sites in the acid treatment. Recovery and reuse of both the nuclear material and the sorbent (with some make up or activation) would ensure an effective nuclear remediation technique, catering to UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lahiri
- Laser & Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Trombay, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - A Mishra
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - D Mandal
- Alkali Material & Metal Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Trombay, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - R L Bhardwaj
- Laser & Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - P R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bioinspired proteolytic membrane (BPM) with bilayer pepsin structure for protein hydrolysis. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
7
|
Fulaz S, Scachetti C, Tasic L. Enzyme-functionalised, core/shell magnetic nanoparticles for selective pH-triggered sucrose capture. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4701-4712. [PMID: 35424388 PMCID: PMC8694497 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09259b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease which leads to high glucose levels in the blood, with severe consequences for human health. Due to the worldwide appeal for the reduction in calorie intake, this study presents the development of a nanomaterial able to capture sucrose selectively, thus providing a tool to remove naturally occurring sucrose from food, such as fruit juices, producing low-calorie juices for consumption. Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) coated with an inert material (SiO2) and functionalised with the enzyme invertase were designed to remove sucrose from solutions. Fe3O4 NPs were synthesised using the co-precipitation method, whereas the coating with a silica shell was done by the Stöber method. Its physicochemical characteristics were determined, with excellent stability over time. On the other hand, the invertase enzyme was extracted from dry Baker's yeast, purified and immobilised on the surface of the silica-coated Fe3O4 NPs. pH-triggered sucrose capture occurred at pH 3.0 once invertase with protonated catalytic residues was able just to bind with sucrose in a highly selective way. After a short, 1 min interaction, approximately 13.5 mmol L-1 of sucrose was captured per gram of nanomaterial and removed with the use of an external permanent magnet. The complex sucrose/nanomaterial was washed, and the released sucrose was put into buffered solution (pH = 4.8), where it underwent hydrolysis to yield inverted sugar. On the other side, sucrose-free nanomaterial was reused with no loss of enzymatic capability to capture sucrose at pH = 3.0 and maintained the invertase activity at pH 4.8 in ten consecutive rounds of re-use. As sucrose was recovered in the form of inverted sugar, not just low sugar beverage could be obtained, but also a high valued market product. Thus, the developed technology allows for the commercialisation of low-calorie food, offering healthier options to consumers and helping to fight diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fulaz
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas Campinas 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Carolina Scachetti
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas Campinas 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas Campinas 13083-970 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mishra A, Pandey VK, Shankar BS, Melo JS. Spray drying as an efficient route for synthesis of silica nanoparticles-sodium alginate biohybrid drug carrier of doxorubicin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111445. [PMID: 33166931 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biohybrids (a combination of biological material and inorganic nanoparticles) offer a number of advantages like improved functionality over conventional materials.Thus, to understand the practical application of biohybrids as drug carriers, a biohybrid drug carrier of colloidal silica nanoparticles (NP)-sodium alginate loaded with doxorubicin (Dox-biohybrid) was synthesized by evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) using spray drying technique. Further, the morphology, size and interactions between various components of the biohybrid were studied through SEM, DLS and FTIR techniques. The drug loading efficiency, release profile, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of Dox-biohybrid was investigated and compared with free Dox. The drug loading efficiencies of Dox-biohybrid, Dox-silica NP and Dox-sodium alginate were 93.7 %, 96.4 % and 88.3 % respectively. In vitro release study showed a slow release of entrapped Dox from Dox-biohybrid as compared to other carriers. This release was also pH-responsive with significantly higher cumulative drug release at pH 5.5 (cancer microenvironment) in comparison to pH 7.4 (physiological conditions). The empty biohybrid carrier did not show cytotoxicity to normal mouse lymphocytes upto a concentration of 25 μg/mL which was used further. The uptake of Dox from Dox-biohybrid by A549 cells was more than 2fold as compared to uptake from free Dox. in vitro viability assay revealed that treatment of lung carcinoma A549 cells with Dox-biohybrid resulted in 50 % loss of cell viability at 500 nM, compared to only 12 % loss with free Dox. Thus, we report the synthesis of a novel biohybrid drug delivery system by means of spray drying process that has promising applications in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Mishra
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
| | - Vipul K Pandey
- Radiation Biology and Health Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India.
| | - Bhavani S Shankar
- Radiation Biology and Health Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
| | - Jose S Melo
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu X, Fan X, Wang Y, Zhai Q, Hu M, Li S, Jiang Y. Amino modified magnetic halloysite nanotube supporting chloroperoxidase immobilization: enhanced stability, reusability, and efficient degradation of pesticide residue in wastewater. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:483-493. [PMID: 33044587 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Halloysite nanotube (HNT) is a natural bio-compatible and stable nanomaterial available in abundance at low-cost. In this work, HNT was modified by two strategies to make it suitable for supporting immobilization of chloroperoxidase (CPO). Firstly, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were deposited on HNT, so magnetic separation can be used instead of centrifugation. Then, the magnetic HNT was modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), which can provide amine group on surface of HNT and meanwhile inhibit the agglomeration of magnetic HNT. Then, HNT-Fe3O4 -APTES was linked with branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) to provide more amino for binding with enzyme. The so-prepared CPO@HNT-Fe3O4-APTES-PEI showed enhanced enzyme loading, reusability, improved thermal stability and tolerance to organic solvents than free CPO. For example, after 10 repeated uses, CPO@HNT- Fe3O4-APTES-PEI can maintain 92.20% of its original activity compared with 65.12% of activity of CPO@HNT-APTES-PEI and 45.69% of activity of CPO@HNT. The kinetic parameters indicated the affinity and specificity of immobilized enzyme to substrate was increased. CPO@HNT-Fe3O4-APTES-PEI was very efficient when it was applied in the degradation of pesticides mesotrione in wastewater. The degradation efficiency can reach 90% within 20 min at range of 5-40 μmol·L-1. These results ensure the potential practical application of this bio-materials in wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Fan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanguo Zhai
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Mancheng Hu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuni Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amin MK, Boateng JS. Surface Modification of Mobile Composition of Matter (MCM)-41 Type Silica Nanoparticles for Potential Oral Mucosa Vaccine Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2271-2283. [PMID: 32240692 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Development of mobile composition of matter (MCM)-41 silica nanoparticles faces challenges, e.g. surface charge properties, antigen loading efficiency, protecting from enzymes and harsh GIT environment and effective release at target mucosal site. We report the production and characterization of polymer and amine modified MCM-41 type silica nanoparticles for oral antigen delivery using ovalbumin (OVA) as model antigen. Nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, circular dichroism (CD), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), mucin binding, stability in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and in vitro OVA release in SGF and SIF. Unmodified nanoparticles size of 146 nm increased to 175-321 nm after modification while modified particles remained intact for more than 3 h in SGF and 96 h in SIF (DLS and SEM). Mucin binding proved polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chitosan modified nanoparticles as potential candidates for oral mucosa delivery. Both showed highest OVA encapsulation at 67% and 73%, and sustained OVA release in SIF (96 h) at 65% and 64% respectively. BET results showed that nanopores were not blocked during surface modification. CD and SDS-PAGE showed that OVA conformational structure did not change after release from the nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khairul Amin
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Joshua S Boateng
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|