1
|
Negut I, Bita B. Polymersomes as Innovative, Stimuli-Responsive Platforms for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:463. [PMID: 38675124 PMCID: PMC11053450 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the urgent need for more targeted and less toxic cancer treatments by exploring the potential of multi-responsive polymersomes. These advanced nanocarriers are engineered to deliver drugs precisely to tumor sites by responding to specific stimuli such as pH, temperature, light, hypoxia, and redox conditions, thereby minimizing the side effects associated with traditional chemotherapy. We discuss the design, synthesis, and recent applications of polymersomes, emphasizing their ability to improve therapeutic outcomes through controlled drug release and targeted delivery. Moreover, we highlight the critical areas for future research, including the optimization of polymersome-biological interactions and biocompatibility, to facilitate their clinical adoption. Multi-responsive polymersomes emerge as a promising development in nanomedicine, offering a pathway to safer and more effective cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Negut
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Bita
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zong L, Xu H, Zhang H, Tu Z, Zhang X, Wang S, Li M, Feng Y, Wang B, Li L, Xie X, He Z, Pu X. A review of matrix metalloproteinase-2-sensitive nanoparticles as a novel drug delivery for tumor therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130043. [PMID: 38340921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)-responsive nanodrug vehicles have garnered significant attention as antitumor drug delivery systems due to the extensive research on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) within the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). These nanodrug vehicles exhibit stable circulation in the bloodstream and accumulate specifically in tumors through various mechanisms. Upon reaching tumor tissues, their structures are degraded in response to MMP-2 within the ECM, resulting in drug release. This controlled drug release significantly increases drug concentration within tumors, thereby enhancing its antitumor efficacy while minimizing side effects on normal organs. This review provides an overview of MMP-2 characteristics, enzyme-sensitive materials, and current research progress regarding their application as MMP-2-responsive nanodrug delivery system for anti-tumor drugs, as well as considering their future research prospects. In conclusion, MMP-2-sensitive drug delivery carriers have a broad application in all kinds of nanodrug delivery systems and are expected to become one of the main means for the clinical development and application of nanodrug delivery systems in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China; Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Huiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ziwei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai City, Hebei Province 054001, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Meigui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Binke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Luhui Li
- Medical School, Henan Technical Institute, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xinmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Zhonggui He
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China; Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xiaohui Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China; Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng 475004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ding GB, Cao H, Zhu C, Chen F, Ye J, Li BC, Yang P, Stauber RH, Qiao M, Li Z. Biosynthesized tumor acidity and MMP dual-responsive plant toxin gelonin for robust cancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:346-360. [PMID: 38099814 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01779f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Among all kinds of anticancer agents, small molecule drugs produce an unsatisfactory therapeutic effect due to the lack of selectivity, notorious drug resistance and side effects. Therefore, researchers have begun to pay extensive attention to macromolecular drugs with high efficacy and specificity. As a plant toxin, gelonin exerts potent antitumor activity via inhibiting intracellular protein synthesis. However, gelonin lacks a translocation domain, and thus its poor cellular uptake leads to low outcomes of antitumor response. Here, tumor acidity and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) dual-responsive functional gelonin (Trx-PVGLIG-pHLIP-gelonin, TPpG), composed of a thioredoxin (Trx) tag, a pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP), an MMP-responsive motif PVGLIG hexapeptide and gelonin, was innovatively proposed and biologically synthesized by a gene recombination technique. TPpG exhibited good thermal and serum stability, showed MMP responsiveness and could enter tumor cells under weakly acidic conditions, especially for MMP2-overexpressing HT1080 cells. Compared to low MMP2-expressing MCF-7 cells, TPpG displayed enhanced in vitro antitumor efficacy to HT1080 cells at pH 6.5 as determined by different methods. Likewise, TPpG was much more effective in triggering cell apoptosis and inhibiting protein synthesis in HT1080 cells than in MCF-7 cells. Intriguingly, with enhanced stability and pH/MMP dual responsiveness, TPpG notably inhibited subcutaneous HT1080 xenograft growth in mice and no noticeable off-target side effect was observed. This ingeniously designed strategy aims at providing new perspectives for the development of a smart platform that can intelligently respond to a tumor microenvironment for efficient protein delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bin Ding
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences/School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Huiyan Cao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Jiaqi Ye
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences/School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
| | - Bin-Chun Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
- Nanobiomedicine Department/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fonseca M, Jarak I, Victor F, Domingues C, Veiga F, Figueiras A. Polymersomes as the Next Attractive Generation of Drug Delivery Systems: Definition, Synthesis and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:319. [PMID: 38255485 PMCID: PMC10817611 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Polymersomes are artificial nanoparticles formed by the self-assembly process of amphiphilic block copolymers composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks. They can encapsulate hydrophilic molecules in the aqueous core and hydrophobic molecules within the membrane. The composition of block copolymers can be tuned, enabling control of characteristics and properties of formed polymersomes and, thus, their application in areas such as drug delivery, diagnostics, or bioimaging. The preparation methods of polymersomes can also impact their characteristics and the preservation of the encapsulated drugs. Many methods have been described, including direct hydration, thin film hydration, electroporation, the pH-switch method, solvent shift method, single and double emulsion method, flash nanoprecipitation, and microfluidic synthesis. Considering polymersome structure and composition, there are several types of polymersomes including theranostic polymersomes, polymersomes decorated with targeting ligands for selective delivery, stimuli-responsive polymersomes, or porous polymersomes with multiple promising applications. Due to the shortcomings related to the stability, efficacy, and safety of some therapeutics in the human body, polymersomes as drug delivery systems have been good candidates to improve the quality of therapies against a wide range of diseases, including cancer. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy can be improved by using polymersomes to deliver the drugs, protecting and directing them to the exact site of action. Moreover, this approach is also promising for targeted delivery of biologics since they represent a class of drugs with poor stability and high susceptibility to in vivo clearance. However, the lack of a well-defined regulatory plan for polymersome formulations has hampered their follow-up to clinical trials and subsequent market entry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fonseca
- Univ. Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.F.); (I.J.); (C.D.); (F.V.)
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Univ. Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.F.); (I.J.); (C.D.); (F.V.)
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francis Victor
- Department of Pharmacy, University Chenab Gujarat, Punjab 50700, Pakistan;
| | - Cátia Domingues
- Univ. Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.F.); (I.J.); (C.D.); (F.V.)
- Univ. Coimbra, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ. Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Univ. Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.F.); (I.J.); (C.D.); (F.V.)
- Univ. Coimbra, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Figueiras
- Univ. Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.F.); (I.J.); (C.D.); (F.V.)
- Univ. Coimbra, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kayani A, Raza A, Si J, Dutta D, Zhou Q, Ge Z. Polymersome Membrane Engineering with Active Targeting or Controlled Permeability for Responsive Drug Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4622-4645. [PMID: 37870458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Polymersomes have been extensively investigated for drug delivery as nanocarriers for two decades due to a series of advantages including high stability under physiological conditions, simultaneous encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs inside inner cavities and membranes, respectively, and facile adjustment of membrane and surface properties, as well as controlled drug release through incorporation of stimuli-responsive components. Despite these features, polymersome nanocarriers frequently suffer from nontargeting delivery and poor membrane permeability. In recent years, polymersomes have been functionalized for more efficient drug delivery. The surface shells were explored to be modified with diverse active targeting groups to improve disease-targeting delivery. The membrane permeability of the polymersomes was adjusted by incorporation of the stimuli-responsive components for smart controlled transportation of the encapsulated drugs. Therefore, being the polymersome-biointerface, tailorable properties can be introduced by its carefully modulated engineering. This review elaborates on the role of polymersome membranes as a platform to incorporate versatile features. First, we discuss how surface functionalization facilitates the directional journey to the targeting sites toward specific diseases, cells, or intracellular organelles via active targeting. Moreover, recent advances in the past decade related to membrane permeability to control drug release are also summarized. We finally discuss future development to promote polymersomes as in vivo drug delivery nanocarriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anum Kayani
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Arsalan Raza
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jiale Si
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Debabrata Dutta
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinghao Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Son J, Parveen S, MacPherson D, Marciano Y, Huang RH, Ulijn RV. MMP-responsive nanomaterials. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6457-6479. [PMID: 37623747 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix and regulate essential normal cell behaviors. Inhibition of these enzymes has been a strategy for anti-cancer therapy since the 1990s, but with limited success. A new type of MMP-targeting strategy exploits the innate selective hydrolytic activity and consequent catalytic signal amplification of the proteinases, rather than inhibiting it. Using nanomaterials, the enzymatic chemical reaction can trigger the temporal and spatial activation of the anti-cancer effects, amplify the associated response, and cause mechanical damage or report on cancer cells. We analyzed nearly 60 literature studies that incorporate chemical design strategies that lead to spatial, temporal, and mechanical control of the anti-cancer effect through four modes of action: nanomaterial shrinkage, induced aggregation, formation of cytotoxic nanofibers, and activation by de-PEGylation. From the literature analysis, we derived chemical design guidelines to control and enhance MMP activation of nanomaterials of various chemical compositions (peptide, lipid, polymer, inorganic). Finally, the review includes a guide on how multiple characteristics of the nanomaterial, such as substrate modification, supramolecular structure, and electrostatic charge should be collectively considered for the targeted MMP to result in optimal kinetics of enzyme action on the nanomaterial, which allow access to amplification and additional levels of spatial, temporal, and mechanical control of the response. Although this review focuses on the design strategies of MMP-responsive nanomaterials in cancer applications, these guidelines are expected to be generalizable to systems that target MMP for treatment or detection of cancer and other diseases, as well as other enzyme-responsive nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Son
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Sadiyah Parveen
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Douglas MacPherson
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, CUNY, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Yaron Marciano
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, CUNY, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Richard H Huang
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Rein V Ulijn
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, CUNY, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ashrafizadeh M, Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Kumar AP, Sethi G, Rangappa KS. Noncoding RNAs as regulators of STAT3 pathway in gastrointestinal cancers: Roles in cancer progression and therapeutic response. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1263-1321. [PMID: 36951271 DOI: 10.1002/med.21950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors (cancers of the esophagus, gastric, liver, pancreas, colon, and rectum) contribute to a large number of deaths worldwide. STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that promotes the transcription of genes associated with proliferation, antiapoptosis, survival, and metastasis. STAT3 is overactivated in many human malignancies including GI tumors which accelerates tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Research in recent years demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a major role in the regulation of many signaling pathways including the STAT3 pathway. The major types of endogenous ncRNAs that are being extensively studied in oncology are microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs. These ncRNAs can either be tumor-promoters or tumor-suppressors and each one of them imparts their activity via different mechanisms. The STAT3 pathway is also tightly modulated by ncRNAs. In this article, we have elaborated on the tumor-promoting role of STAT3 signaling in GI tumors. Subsequently, we have comprehensively discussed the oncogenic as well as tumor suppressor functions and mechanism of action of ncRNAs that are known to modulate STAT3 signaling in GI cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chakrabhavi D Mohan
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, Nagamangala Taluk, India
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Junyaprasert VB, Thummarati P. Innovative Design of Targeted Nanoparticles: Polymer-Drug Conjugates for Enhanced Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2216. [PMID: 37765185 PMCID: PMC10537251 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs) have shown great promise in enhancing the efficacy and safety of cancer therapy. These conjugates combine the advantageous properties of both polymers and drugs, leading to improved pharmacokinetics, controlled drug release, and targeted delivery to tumor tissues. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in PDCs for cancer therapy. First, various types of polymers used in these conjugates are discussed, including synthetic polymers, such as poly(↋-caprolactone) (PCL), D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol (TPGS), and polyethylene glycol (PEG), as well as natural polymers such as hyaluronic acid (HA). The choice of polymer is crucial to achieving desired properties, such as stability, biocompatibility, and controlled drug release. Subsequently, the strategies for conjugating drugs to polymers are explored, including covalent bonding, which enables a stable linkage between the polymer and the drug, ensuring controlled release and minimizing premature drug release. The use of polymers can extend the circulation time of the drug, facilitating enhanced accumulation within tumor tissues through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. This, in turn, results in improved drug efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity. Moreover, the importance of tumor-targeting ligands in PDCs is highlighted. Various ligands, such as antibodies, peptides, aptamers, folic acid, herceptin, and HA, can be incorporated into conjugates to selectively deliver the drug to tumor cells, reducing off-target effects and improving therapeutic outcomes. In conclusion, PDCs have emerged as a versatile and effective approach to cancer therapy. Their ability to combine the advantages of polymers and drugs offers enhanced drug delivery, controlled release, and targeted treatment, thereby improving the overall efficacy and safety of cancer therapies. Further research and development in this field has great potential to advance personalized cancer treatment options.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Z, Ding C, Sun T, Wang L, Chen C. Tumor Therapy Strategies Based on Microenvironment-Specific Responsive Nanomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300153. [PMID: 36933000 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and variable region characterized by hypoxia, low pH, high redox status, overexpression of enzymes, and high-adenosine triphosphate concentrations. In recent years, with the continuous in-depth study of nanomaterials, more and more TME-specific response nanomaterials are used for tumor treatment. However, the complexity of the TME causes different types of responses with various strategies and mechanisms of action. Aiming to systematically demonstrate the recent advances in research on TME-responsive nanomaterials, this work summarizes the characteristics of TME and outlines the strategies of different TME responses. Representative reaction types are illustrated and their merits and demerits are analyzed. Finally, forward-looking views on TME-response strategies for nanomaterials are presented. It is envisaged that such emerging strategies for the treatment of cancer are expected to exhibit dramatic trans-clinical capabilities, demonstrating the extensive potential for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chengwen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Tiedong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He S, Du Y, Tao H, Duan H. Advances in aptamer-mediated targeted delivery system for cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124173. [PMID: 36965552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers with high affinity and specificity for certain targets have rapidly become a novel class of targeted ligands applicated in drug delivery. Based on the excellent characteristics of aptamers, different aptamer-mediated drug delivery systems have been developed, including aptamer-drug conjugate (ApDC), aptamer-siRNA, and aptamer-functionalized nanoparticle systems for the effective treatment of cancer, which can reduce potential toxicity and improve therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of aptamer-mediated delivery systems in cancer therapy, and discuss the application prospects and existing problems of innovative approaches based on aptamer therapy. Overall, this review aims to better understand the current aptamer-based targeted delivery applications through in-depth analysis to improve efficacy and develop new therapeutic methods which can ultimately improve treatment outcomes for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiming He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Tao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huaiyu Duan
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pourmadadi M, Mahdi Eshaghi M, Ostovar S, Mohammadi Z, K. Sharma R, Paiva-Santos AC, Rahmani E, Rahdar A, Pandey S. Innovative nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis, imaging, and therapy: Drug deliveryapplications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
|
12
|
Hasannia M, Lamei K, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Nekooei S, Nekooei N, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Targeted poly(L-glutamic acid)-based hybrid peptosomes co-loaded with doxorubicin and USPIONs as a theranostic platform for metastatic breast cancer. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 48:102645. [PMID: 36549556 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peptosomes, as a vesicular polypeptide-based system and a versatile carrier for co-delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials, provide great delivery opportunities due to the intrinsic biocompatibility and biodegradability of the polypeptides backbone. In the current study, a novel poly(L-glutamic acid)-block-polylactic acid di-block copolymer (PGA-PLA) was synthesized in two steps. Firstly, γ-benzyl L-glutamate-N-carboxy anhydride (BLG-NCA) and 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione were polymerized using N-hexylamine and benzyl alcohol as initiators to produce poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate (PBLG) and polylactic acid. Then, PBLG was deprotected to produce PGA. Secondly, PGA was conjugated to the benzyl-PLGA to fabricate PGA-PLA diblock copolymer. The synthesized diblock copolymer was used for the encapsulation of doxorubicin, as hydrophilic anticancer and ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs) as hydrophobic contrast agent within aqueous core and bilayer of vesicular peptosome, respectively via double emulsion method. The prepared peptosomes (Pep@USPIONs-DOX) controlled the release of DOX (<15 % of the encapsulated DOX release up to 240 h of incubation at the physiological conditions) while increasing the stability and solubility of the hydrophobic USPIONs. Then, AS1411 DNA aptamer was decorated on the surface of the PGA-PLA peptosomes (Apt-Pep@USPIONs-DOX). The prepared targeted and non-targeted platforms showed spherical morphology with hydrodynamic sizes of 265 ± 52 and 229 ± 44 nm respectively. In vitro cellular cytotoxicity and cellular uptake were studied in nucleolin positive (4T1) and nucleolin negative (CHO) cell lines. Cellular uptake of the targeted formulation was greater than that of non-targeted peptosome, while cellular internalization of these peptosomes was identical in CHO cells. Moreover, targeted peptosomes showed greater toxicity than non-targeted peptosome in 4T1 cell line. The prepared theranostic targeted peptosomes demonstrated improved capability in terms of survival rate, biodistribution, tumor suppression efficiency, and MR imaging in the 4T1 tumor-bearing mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Hasannia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kamran Lamei
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sirous Nekooei
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar Nekooei
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gouveia MG, Wesseler JP, Ramaekers J, Weder C, Scholten PBV, Bruns N. Polymersome-based protein drug delivery - quo vadis? Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:728-778. [PMID: 36537575 PMCID: PMC9890519 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00106c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics are an attractive alternative to established therapeutic approaches and represent one of the fastest growing families of drugs. While many of these proteins can be delivered using established formulations, the intrinsic sensitivity of proteins to denaturation sometimes calls for a protective carrier to allow administration. Historically, lipid-based self-assembled structures, notably liposomes, have performed this function. After the discovery of polymersome-based targeted drug-delivery systems, which offer manifold advantages over lipid-based structures, the scientific community expected that such systems would take the therapeutic world by storm. However, no polymersome formulations have been commercialised. In this review article, we discuss key obstacles for the sluggish translation of polymersome-based protein nanocarriers into approved pharmaceuticals, which include limitations imparted by the use of non-degradable polymers, the intricacies of polymersome production methods, and the complexity of the in vivo journey of polymersomes across various biological barriers. Considering this complex subject from a polymer chemist's point of view, we highlight key areas that are worthy to explore in order to advance polymersomes to a level at which clinical trials become worthwhile and translation into pharmaceutical and nanomedical applications is realistic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micael G Gouveia
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Justus P Wesseler
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Jobbe Ramaekers
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Philip B V Scholten
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Nico Bruns
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kong L, Sui GY, Guo RB, Cao HM, Yu Y, Liu Y, Cao Y, Ju X, Yan YH, Ao YH, Li XT, Jia LQ. A multi-strategy liposome targeting hepatocellular carcinoma cells and stem cells enhances the chemotherapy effect of doxorubicin in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
15
|
Sachi Das S, Singh SK, Verma PRP, Gahtori R, Sibuh BZ, Kesari KK, Jha NK, Dhanasekaran S, Thakur VK, Wong LS, Djearamane S, Gupta PK. Polyester nanomedicines targeting inflammatory signaling pathways for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113654. [PMID: 36067568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of cancerous cells and their responses towards substantial therapeutics are primarily controlled by inflammations (acute and chronic) and inflammation-associated products, which either endorse or repress tumor progression. Additionally, major signaling pathways, including NF-κB, STAT3, inflammation-causing factors (cytokines, TNF-α, chemokines), and growth-regulating factors (VEGF, TGF-β), are vital regulators responsible for the instigation and resolution of inflammations. Moreover, the conventional chemotherapeutics have exhibited diverse limitations, including poor pharmacokinetics, unfavorable chemical properties, poor targetability to the disease-specific disease leading to toxicity; thus, their applications are restricted in inflammation-mediated cancer therapy. Furthermore, nanotechnology has demonstrated potential benefits over conventional chemotherapeutics, such as it protected the incorporated drug/bioactive moiety from enzymatic degradation within the systemic circulation, improving the physicochemical properties of poorly aqueous soluble chemotherapeutic agents, and enhancing their targetability in specified carcinogenic cells rather than accumulating in the healthy cells, leading reduced cytotoxicity. Among diverse nanomaterials, polyester-based nanoparticulate delivery systems have been extensively used to target various inflammation-mediated cancers. This review summarizes the therapeutic potentials of various polyester nanomaterials (PLGA, PCL, PLA, PHA, and others)-based delivery systems targeting multiple signaling pathways related to inflammation-mediated cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabya Sachi Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology - Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India; School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology - Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India.
| | - P R P Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology - Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rekha Gahtori
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Nainital 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Belay Zeleke Sibuh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Sugapriya Dhanasekaran
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia.
| | - Sinouvassane Djearamane
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia.
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang W, Wang H, Wang T, Ding D, Hou J, Shi Y, Huang Y. A Supramolecular Self-Assembling Nanoagent by Inducing Intracellular Aggregation of PSMA for Prostate Cancer Molecularly Targeted Theranostics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203325. [PMID: 35986691 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-specific high expression is well suited for molecularly targeted theranostics. PSMA expression correlates with the malignancy of PCa, and its dimeric form can promote tumor progression by exerting enzymatic activity to activate downstream signal transduction. However, almost no studies have shown that arresting the procancer signaling of the PSMA receptors themselves can cause tumor cell death. Meanwhile, supramolecular self-assembling peptides are widely used to design anticancer agents due to their unique and excellent properties. Here, a PSMA-targeting supramolecular self-assembling nanotheranostic agent, DBT-2FFGACUPA, which actively targets PSMA receptors on PCa cell membranes and induces them to enter the cell and form large aggregates, is developed. This process not only selectively images PSMA-positive tumor cells but also suppresses the downstream procancer signals of PSMA, causing tumor cell death. This work provides an alternative approach and an advanced agent for molecularly targeted theranostics options in PCa that can induce tumor cell death without relying on any reported anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hasannia M, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Nekooei S, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Synthesis of doxorubicin-loaded peptosomes hybridized with gold nanorod for targeted drug delivery and CT imaging of metastatic breast cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:391. [PMID: 36045404 PMCID: PMC9429417 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer nanomedicines based on synthetic polypeptides have attracted much attention due to their superior biocompatibility and biodegradability, stimuli responsive capability through secondary conformation change, adjustable functionalities for various cargos such as peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and small therapeutic molecules. Recently, a few nanoformulations based on polypeptides comprising NK105, NC6004, NK911, CT2103, have entered phase I-III clinical trials for advanced solid tumors therapy. In the current study, we prepared polypeptide-based vesicles called peptosome via self-assembly of amphiphilic polypeptide-based PEG-PBLG diblock copolymer. RESULTS In this regard, poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate (PBLG) was synthesized via ring opening polymerization (ROP) of γ-benzyl L-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride (BLG-NCA) using N-hexylamine as initiator. Then amine-terminated PBLG was covalently conjugated to heterofuctional maleimide PEG-carboxylic acid or methyl-PEG-carboxylic acid. The PEG-PBLG peptosomes were prepared through double emulsion method for the co-delivery of doxorubicin.HCl and gold nanorods as hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents in interior compartment and membrane of peptosomes, respectively (Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX) that DOX encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were determined 42 ± 3.6 and 1.68 ± 3.6. Then, theranostic peptosomes were decorated with thiol-functionalized EpCAM aptamer throught thiol-maleimide reaction producing Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX for targeted delivery. The non-targeted and targeted peptosomes showed 165.5 ± 1.1 and 185 ± 4.7 nm diameters, respectively while providing sustained, controlled release of DOX. Furthermore, non-targeted and targeted peptosomes showed considerable serum stability. In vitro study on MCF-7 and 4T1 cells showed significantly higher cytotoxicity for Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX in comparison with Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX while both system did not show any difference in cytotoxicity against CHO cell line. Furthermore, Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX illustrated higher cellular uptake toward EpCAM-overexpressing 4T1 cells compared to Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX. In preclinical stage, therapeutic and diagnostic capability of the prepared Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX and Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX were investigated implementing subcutaneous 4T1 tumor model in BALB/c mice. The obtained data indicated highest therapeutic index for Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX compared to Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX and free DOX. Moreover, the prepared system showed capability of CT imaging of tumor tissue in 4T1 tumorized mice through tumor accumulation even 24 h post-administration. CONCLUSION In this regard, the synthesized theranostic peptosomes offer innovative hybrid multipurpose platform for fighting against breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Hasannia
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sirous Nekooei
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cui H, Zhang L, Zeng S, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang J, Chen Q. Charge-Reversible Pro-Ribonuclease Enveloped in Virus-like Synthetic Nanocapsules for Systemic Treatment of Intractable Glioma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30493-30506. [PMID: 35657733 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have tailored multifaceted chemistries into the manufacture of artificial virus-like delivery vehicles mimicking viral "intelligent" transportation pathways through sequential biological barriers; these vehicles can acquire the ability to dynamically "program transfer" to their target sites. To accomplish this, we created anionic pro-proteins, which facilitate charge reversal when subject to acidic endosomal pH; in this way, carboxylation reactions are performed on proteins with amine-reactive cis-aconitic anhydride. Electrostatic associations then initiate the envelopment of these pro-proteins into multilayered nanoarchitectural vehicles composed of multiple-segmental block copolycationic cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)-GPLGVRG-polylysine(thiol). Therefore, upon the pro-proteins' initial binding to the tumors via the protruding RGD ligands, the bio-inert PEG surroundings are detached through the enzymolysis of the intermediate GPLGVRG linkage by tumor-enriched matrix metalloproteinases, unveiling the cationic polylysine palisade and imparting intimate affinities to the anionic cytomembranes of the targeted tumors. Essentially, through their active endocytosis into the subcellular endosomal compartments, the pro-proteins are made capable of retrieving the original amine groups through a charge reversal decarboxylation process, consequently eliciting augmented charge densities (charge nonstoichiometric protein@polylysine(disulfide)) to disrupt the anionic endosomal membranes to facilitate translocation into the cytosol. Eventually, the active protein payloads can be liberated from nonstoichiometric protein@polylysine(thiol) by the disassembly of polylysine palisade upon the cleavage of disulfide crosslinking in response to the very high level of glutathione in the cytosol, thereby contributing toward extreme cytotoxic potency. Hence, our elaborated virus-mimicking platform has demonstrated potent antitumor efficacy through the systemic administration of ribonucleases, which will consequently lead to an innovative new therapeutic method by which proteins could reach intracellular targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Liuwei Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuang Zeng
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qixian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Haider M, Zaki KZ, El Hamshary MR, Hussain Z, Orive G, Ibrahim HO. Polymeric nanocarriers: A promising tool for early diagnosis and efficient treatment of colorectal cancer. J Adv Res 2022; 39:237-255. [PMID: 35777911 PMCID: PMC9263757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent type of cancer for incidence and second for mortality worldwide. Late diagnosis and inconvenient and expensive current diagnostic tools largely contribute to the progress of the disease. The use of chemotherapy in the management of CRC significantly reduces tumor growth, metastasis, and morbidity rates. However, poor solubility, low cellular uptake, nonspecific distribution, multiple drug resistance and unwanted adverse effects are still among the major drawbacks of chemotherapy that limit its clinical significance in the treatment of CRC. Owing to their remarkable advantages over conventional therapies, the use of nanotechnology-based delivery systems especially polymeric nanocarriers (PNCs) has revolutionized many fields including disease diagnosis and drug delivery. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we shed the light on the current status of using PNCs in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC with a special focus on targeting strategies, surface modifications and safety concerns for different types of PNCs in colonic cancer delivery. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The review explores the current progress on the use of PNCs in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC with a special focus on the role of PNCs in improvement of cellular uptake, drug targeting and co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Possible toxicity and biocompatibility issues related to the use of PNCs and imitations and future recommendation for the use of those smart carriers in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 71526, Egypt.
| | - Khaled Zaki Zaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam Rafat El Hamshary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Haidy Osama Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Giordo R, Wehbe Z, Paliogiannis P, Eid AH, Mangoni AA, Pintus G. Nano-targeting vascular remodeling in cancer: Recent developments and future directions. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:784-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
21
|
Yu D, Lai P, Yan T, Fang K, Chen L, Zhang S. Quantifying the Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) Spatially in Tissues by Probe via MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry. Front Chem 2021; 9:786283. [PMID: 34976953 PMCID: PMC8715900 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.786283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a matrix metalloproteinase, the abnormal expression of MMP2 is associated with multiple biological processes, including tissue remodeling and cancer progression. Therefore, spatial analysis of MMP2 protein in tissues can be used as an important approach to evaluate the expression distribution of MMP2 in complex tissue environments, which will help the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, including tissue or organ injuries. Moreover, this analysis will also help the evaluation of prognoses. However, MMP2 is difficult to be spatially determined by MALDI TOF mass spectrometry due to its large molecular weight (over 72 KD) and low content. Therefore, a new method should be developed to help this detection. Here, we have designed a specific MMP2 probe that closely binds to MMP2 protein in tissue. This probe has a Cl on Tyr at the terminal, which can provide two isotope peaks to help the accuracy quantitative of MMP2 protein. Based on this, we used the probe to determine the spatial expression of MMP2 in the tissues based on MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. This approach may help to study the influence of multifunctional proteases on the degree of malignancy in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daojiang Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Daojiang Yu, ; Shuyu Zhang,
| | - Peng Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Center Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tao Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Fang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Daojiang Yu, ; Shuyu Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Paruchuri BC, Gopal V, Sarupria S, Larsen J. Toward enzyme-responsive polymersome drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2679-2693. [PMID: 34870451 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In drug delivery, enzyme-responsive drug carriers are becoming increasingly relevant because of the growing association of disease pathology with enzyme overexpression. Polymersomes are of interest to such applications because of their tunable properties. While polymersomes open up a wide range of chemical and physical properties to explore, they also present a challenge in developing generalized rules for the synthesis of novel systems. Motivated by this issue, in this perspective, we summarize the existing knowledge on enzyme-responsive polymersomes and outline the main design choices. Then, we propose heuristics to guide the design of novel systems. Finally, we discuss the potential of an integrated approach using computer simulations and experimental studies to streamline this design process and close the existing knowledge gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Varun Gopal
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering & Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sapna Sarupria
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA.,Center for Optical Materials Science & Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29670, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jessica Larsen
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Design and synthesis of targeted star-shaped micelle for guided delivery of camptothecin: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112529. [PMID: 34857308 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize a star-shaped micelle using 3-azido-2,2-bis(azidomethyl)propan-1-ol (pentaerythritol triazide) core, as an initiator for the synthesis of three-arm polylactic acid (PLA) block. Then, the ends of the PLA arms were converted to PLA triazide followed by conjugation to the three alkyne-PEG-maleamide through click reaction. The maleamide ends were available for coupling with sulfhydryl-modified DNA aptamer against epithelial cell adhesion molecule in order to offer targeted delivery of encapsulated drug, camptothecin to the site of action. The successful synthesis of the star-shaped polymers was confirmed via1HNMR. Hydrophobic anti-cancer drug, camptothecin was encapsulated into the micelles core implementing solvent switching method providing loading content (LC%) and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 3.7 ± 0.4 and 73.7 ± 8.2, respectively. The size of both non-targeted and aptamer-targeted micelles was determined to be 154 and 192 nm, respectively with polydispersity index below 0.3. In vitro drug release evaluation at 37 °C, pH 7.4 showed a controlled release pattern for camptothecin during 72 h. In vitro cytotoxicity of the prepared non-targeted and targeted micelles was carried out on human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29) and mouse colon carcinoma (C26) as EpCAM positive cell lines and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) as EpCAM negative cell line. The results verified significantly higher cytotoxicity of the targeted micelles on HT29 and C26 cell lines, while no obvious difference was observed between targeted and non-targeted formulation on CHO cell line. The in vivo therapeutic efficiency investigation on BALB/c C26 tumor-bearing mice showed superior capability of the targeted formulation on tumor suppression and survival rate of the treated mice. The developed platform exhibited excellent characteristics to diminish camptothecin drawbacks and its adverse effects while considerably increasing its therapeutic index.
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo C, Yuan H, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Gou J, Tang X. Asymmetric polymersomes, from the formation of asymmetric membranes to the application on drug delivery. J Control Release 2021; 338:422-445. [PMID: 34496272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nano drug delivery systems have attracted researchers' growing attention and are gradually emerging into the public views. More and more nano-formulations are being approved for marketing or clinical use, representing the field's booming development. Copolymer self-assembly systems such as micelles, nanoparticles, polymersomes occupy a prominent position in the field of nano-drug delivery carriers. Among them, polymersomes, unlike micelles or nanoparticles, resemble liposomes' structure and possess large internal hollow hydrophilic reservoirs, allowing them to carry hydrophilic drugs. Nevertheless, their insufficient drug loading efficiency and unruly self-assembly morphology have somewhat constrained their applications. Especially for the delivery of biomacromolecule such as peptides, the encapsulation efficiency is always considered to be a formidable obstacle, even if the enormous hydrophilic core would render the polymersomes to have considerable potential in this regard. Reassuringly, the emergence of asymmetric polymersomes holds the prospect of solving this problem. With the development of synthetic technology and a deeper understanding of the self-assembly process, the asymmetric polymersomes which are with different inner and outer shell composition have been gradually recognized by researchers. It has made possible elevated drug loading, more controllable assembly processes and release performance. The internal hydrophilic blocks different from the outer shell could be engineered to have a more remarkable affinity to the cargos or could contain a non-watery aqueous phase to enable the thermodynamically preferred encapsulation of cargos, which would allow for a substantial improvement in drug encapsulation efficiency compared to the conventional approach. In this paper, we aim to deepen the understanding to asymmetric polymersomes and lay the foundation for the development of this field by describing four main elements: the mechanism of their preparation and asymmetric membrane formation process, the characterization of asymmetric membranes, the efficient drug loading, and the special stimulus-responsive release mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haoyang Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stefani C, Miricescu D, Stanescu-Spinu II, Nica RI, Greabu M, Totan AR, Jinga M. Growth Factors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis: Where Are We Now? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910260. [PMID: 34638601 PMCID: PMC8508474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a predominant malignancy worldwide, being the fourth most common cause of mortality and morbidity. The CRC incidence in adolescents, young adults, and adult populations is increasing every year. In the pathogenesis of CRC, various factors are involved including diet, sedentary life, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, gut microbiota, diabetes, and genetic mutations. The CRC tumor microenvironment (TME) involves the complex cooperation between tumoral cells with stroma, immune, and endothelial cells. Cytokines and several growth factors (GFs) will sustain CRC cell proliferation, survival, motility, and invasion. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Insulin-like growth factor -1 receptor (IGF-1R), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor -A (VEGF-A) are overexpressed in various human cancers including CRC. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and all the three major subfamilies of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways may be activated by GFs and will further play key roles in CRC development. The main aim of this review is to present the CRC incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, and the impact of GFs during its development. Moreover, the article describes the relationship between EGF, IGF, VEGF, GFs inhibitors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR-MAPK signaling pathways, and CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Stefani
- Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, ‘‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 051075 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.-I.S.-S.); (A.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.-I.S.-S.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Remus Iulian Nica
- Surgery 2, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 051075 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.-I.S.-S.); (A.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Alexandra Ripszky Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.-I.S.-S.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Mariana Jinga
- Department of Gastroenterology, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 051075 Bucharest, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Protease-triggered bioresponsive drug delivery for the targeted theranostics of malignancy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2220-2242. [PMID: 34522585 PMCID: PMC8424222 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases have a fundamental role in maintaining physiological homeostasis, but their dysregulation results in severe activity imbalance and pathological conditions, including cancer onset, progression, invasion, and metastasis. This striking importance plus superior biological recognition and catalytic performance of proteases, combining with the excellent physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials, results in enzyme-activated nano-drug delivery systems (nanoDDS) that perform theranostic functions in highly specific response to the tumor phenotype stimulus. In the tutorial review, the key advances of protease-responsive nanoDDS in the specific diagnosis and targeted treatment for malignancies are emphatically classified according to the effector biomolecule types, on the premise of summarizing the structure and function of each protease. Subsequently, the incomplete matching and recognition between enzyme and substrate, structural design complexity, volume production, and toxicological issues related to the nanocomposites are highlighted to clarify the direction of efforts in nanotheranostics. This will facilitate the promotion of nanotechnology in the management of malignant tumors.
Collapse
|
27
|
Mahjoub MA, Ebrahimnejad P, Shahlaee F, Ebrahimi P, Sadeghi-Ghadi Z. Preparation and optimization of controlled release nanoparticles containing cefixime using Central Composite design: An attempt to enrich its antimicrobial activity. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:369-378. [PMID: 34315365 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210726160956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increased resistance against existing antibiotics, research is essential to discover new and alternative ways to control infections induced by resistant pathogens. OBJECTIVE The goal of the current scrutinization was to enrich the dissolution rate and antibacterial property of cefixime (CEF) orally. METHODS To achieve the desired results, chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) containing CEF were fabricated using the ionic gelation method. Central Composite design has been applied to get the optimal formulation for the delivery of CEF. The effect of three variables such as the concentration of chitosan, tripolyphosphate, and tween 80 on the characteristics of NPs was evaluated. RESULTS The optimized NPs were a relatively monodispersed size distribution with an average diameter of 193 nm and a zeta potential of about 11 mV. The scanning tunneling microscope confirmed the size of NPs. The surface morphology of NPs was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The calorimetric analysis indicated the amorphous state of cefixime in the formulation. The dissolution rate of NPs in aqueous media was acceptable and the model of release kinetic for CEF from NPs followed the Peppas model. The potency of CEF in NPs against various types of bacteria was hopefully efficient. The ex- vivo release study demonstrated higher penetration of NPs from the rat intestine compared to free drug. The cell culture study showed the safety of the optimized formulation. CONCLUSION It was concluded that CLN could be considered as a prospering system for the controlled delivery of CEF with advantaging its antibacterial effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Mahjoub
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Ebrahimnejad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahlaee
- Islamic Azad University Tehran North Branch, Department of Chemistry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouneh Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zaynab Sadeghi-Ghadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nanoparticles as therapeutic options for treating multidrug-resistant bacteria: research progress, challenges, and prospects. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:108. [PMID: 34046779 PMCID: PMC8159659 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to antimicrobial agents has been alarming in recent years and poses a huge public health threat globally according to the WHO. The increase in morbidity and mortality resulting from microbial infections has been attributed to the emergence of multidrug-resistant microbes. Associated with the increase in multidrug resistance is the lack of new and effective antimicrobials. This has led to global initiatives to identify novel and more effective antimicrobial agents in addition to discovering novel and effective drug delivery and targeting methods. The use of nanoparticles as novel biomaterials to fully achieve this feat is currently gaining global attention. Nanoparticles could become an indispensable viable therapeutic option for treating drug-resistant infections. Of all the nanoparticles, the metals and metal oxide nanoparticles appear to offer the most promise and have attracted tremendous interest from many researchers. Moreover, the use of nanomaterials in photothermal therapy has received considerable attention over the years. This review provides current insight on antimicrobial resistance as well as the mechanisms of nanoparticle antibacterial activity. It offers an in-depth review of all the recent findings in the use of nanomaterials as agents against multi-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Also, nanomaterials that can respond to light stimuli (photothermal therapy) to kill microbes and facilitate enhanced drug delivery and release are discussed. Moreover, the synergistic interactions of nanoparticles with antibiotics and other nanomaterials, microbial adaptation strategies to nanoparticles, current challenges, and future prospects were extensively discussed.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zahiri M, Taghdisi SM, Abnous K, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Fabrication of versatile targeted lipopolymersomes for improved camptothecin efficacy against colon adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1309-1322. [PMID: 33970721 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1928631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybrid vesicular systems (lipopolymersomes) are promising platforms for minimizing the liposomes and polymersomes disadvantages in terms of chemotherapeutic transportation. In this regard, lipopolymersome has been designed to integrate the advantage of both polymersomes and liposomes to enable better structural integrity of the bilayer after encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs while maintaining the soft nature of liposomes, superior serum stability, and high encapsulation efficiency of cargos in the bilayer segment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the present study, we reported preparation and characterization of five camptothecin (CPT)-loaded lipopolymersomal formulations composed of poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lactic acid) (PEG-PLA) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) at different molar ratios using film rehydration method. Afterward, the preferred formulation was tagged with AS1411 DNA aptamer in order to evaluate the therapeutic index using nucleolin-positive colon cancer cell lines (HT29 and C26). RESULTS The obtained data indicated that the prepared CPT-loaded lipopolymersome at a PEG-PLA: DPPC ratio of 75:25 exhibited superior stability and high loading capacity compared to other systems. Moreover, high cytotoxicity of the aptamer-targeted lipopolymersome and increased tumor accumulation were observed in comparison with non-targeted one. CONCLUSIONS The designed polymer-rich lipopolymersomal platform offers bright future for the development of potent nanomedicine against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Zahiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Loth C, Charles L, Lutz JF, Nerantzaki M. Precisely Defined Aptamer- b-Poly(phosphodiester) Conjugates Prepared by Phosphoramidite Polymer Chemistry. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:481-485. [PMID: 35549221 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Uniform conjugates combining a DNA aptamer (either anti-MUC1 or ATP aptamer) and a synthetic polymer segment were synthesized by automated phosphoramidite chemistry. This multistep growth polymer chemistry enables the use of both natural (i.e., nucleoside phosphoramidites) and non-natural monomers (e.g., alkyl- and oligo(ethylene glycol)-phosphoramidites). Thus, in the present work, six different aptamer-polymer conjugates were synthesized and characterized by ion-exchange HPLC, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and electrospray mass spectrometry. All these methods evidenced the formation of uniform molecules with precisely controlled chain-length and monomer sequences. Furthermore, aptamer folding was not affected by polymer bioconjugation. The method described herein is straightforward and allows covalent attachment of homopolymers and copolymers to biofunctional DNA aptamers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Capucine Loth
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Maria Nerantzaki
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sharifi F, Jahangiri M, Ebrahimnejad P. Synthesis of novel polymeric nanoparticles (methoxy-polyethylene glycol-chitosan/hyaluronic acid) containing 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin for colon cancer therapy: in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo investigation. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:367-380. [PMID: 33851564 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.1907393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to target 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) orally to colon tumours by synthesizing a targeting polymer. To achieve the optimum delivery for SN38, initially methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG)-chitosan was synthesized and then nanoparticles were developed through ionic gelation between mPEG-chitosan and hyaluronic acid as a ligand for cell-surface glycoprotein CD44 receptor. The SN38 was loaded in nanoparticles (SN38-NPs) using the non-covalent physical adsorption method. The size of the optimized SN38-NPs was 226.7 nm, encapsulation efficiency was 89.23% and drug content was 7.98 ± 0.54% in the optimum formulation. The attachment of mPEG to chitosan was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transforms infra-red analysis indicated that SN38 existed in amorphous form and functional groups of SN38 protected in the formulations which could be a sign of suitable encapsulation of SN38 in SN38-NPs. In vitro study indicated that SN38-NPs were more potent against the cancer cells than free SN38. The cellular uptake of SN38-NPs improved up to 1.6-fold against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Moreover, SN38-NPs remarkably demonstrated superior anti-tumor efficacy in contrary to pure SN38. This suggests the advantage of SN38-NPs as a potent oral drug carrier which could be further explored for clinical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Sharifi
- Faculty of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mansour Jahangiri
- Faculty of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, I.R. Iran
| | - Pedram Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nerantzaki M, Loth C, Lutz JF. Chemical conjugation of nucleic acid aptamers and synthetic polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00516b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This minireview describes the synthesis, characterization and properties of aptamer–polymer conjugates. This new class of polymer bioconjugates combines the advantages of synthetic polymers and folded nucleic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nerantzaki
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut Charles Sadron UPR22
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Capucine Loth
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut Charles Sadron UPR22
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut Charles Sadron UPR22
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bourgat Y, Tiersch B, Koetz J, Menzel H. Enzyme Degradable Polymersomes from Chitosan-g-[poly-l-lysine-block-ε-caprolactone] Copolymer. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000259. [PMID: 33289254 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The scope of this study includes the synthesis of chitosan-g-[peptide-poly-ε-caprolactone] and its self-assembly into polymeric vesicles employing the solvent shift method. In this way, well-defined core-shell structures suitable for encapsulation of drugs are generated. The hydrophobic polycaprolactone side-chain and the hydrophilic chitosan backbone are linked via an enzyme-cleavable peptide. The synthetic route involves the functionalization of chitosan with maleimide groups and the preparation of polycaprolactone with alkyne end-groups. A peptide functionalized with a thiol group on one side and an azide group on the other side is prepared. Thiol-ene click-chemistry and azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition are then used to link the chitosan and poly-ε-caprolactone chains, respectively, with this peptide. For a preliminary study, poly-l-lysin is a readily available and cleavable peptide that is introduced to investigate the feasibility of the system. The size and shape of the polymersomes are studied by dynamic light scattering and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, degradability is studied by incubating the polymersomes with two enzymes, trypsin and chitosanase. A dispersion of polymersomes is used to coat titanium plates and to further test the stability against enzymatic degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Bourgat
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Technical Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Brigitte Tiersch
- Universität Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Koetz
- Universität Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Henning Menzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Technical Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zahiri M, Taghdisi SM, Abnous K, Zolfaghari R, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Marriage of phospholipid and block copolymer in lipopolymersome hybrid structure for efficient tumor accumulation. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:120030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
35
|
Khan MM, Filipczak N, Torchilin VP. Cell penetrating peptides: A versatile vector for co-delivery of drug and genes in cancer. J Control Release 2020; 330:1220-1228. [PMID: 33248708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological barriers hamper the efficient delivery of drugs and genes to targeted sites. Cell penetrating peptides (CPP) have the ability to rapidly internalize across biological membranes. CPP have been effective for delivery of various chemotherapeutic agents used to combat cancer. CPP can enhance delivery of drugs to a targeted site when combined with tumor targeting peptides. CPP can be linked with various cargos like nanoparticles, micelles and liposomes to deliver drugs and genes to the cancer cell. Here, we focus on CPP mediated delivery of drugs to the tumor sites, delivery of genes (siRNA,pDNA) and co-delivery of drugs and genes to combat drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muzamil Khan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicines, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicines, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicines, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Charbgoo F, Soltani F, Alibolandi M, Taghdisi SM, Abnous K, Ramezani P, Ramezani M. Ladder-like targeted and gated doxorubicin delivery using bivalent aptamer in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111618. [PMID: 33321660 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regarding side effects of commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs on normal tissues, researchers introduced smart delivery and on-demand release systems. Herein, we applied a bivalent aptamer composed of ATP and AS1411 aptamers for separate targeting and gating of mesoporous silica nanoparticles in a ladder like structure with one bifunctional molecule. First part of the apatmer, AS1411, direct the delivery system to the desired site while the second part, ATP aptamer, opens the pores and release the drug just after penetrance to the cytoplasm ensuring delivery of DOX into the tumor cells. This approach faced the previous challenge of coincident targeting and gating with one aptamer. Our results demonstrated that the proposed nano-system remarkably accumulated in cancer tissue and released the drug in a sustained pattern in cancer cells. It was notably effective for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells and tumor growth inhibition without any significant side effect on normal cells and organs. Moreover, Si-cs-DOX-AAapt improved the mice survival time compared with free doxorubicin and there was no significant change in weight of mice administered with the targeted formulation. This report may open new insight for providing smart delivery systems for successful cancer treatment by introducing separate gating and targeting property by a bivalent aptamer to increase the control over drug release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Charbgoo
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Soltani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouria Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu G, Lovell JF, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Stimulus-Responsive Nanomedicines for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6380. [PMID: 32887466 PMCID: PMC7504550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems generally aim to release the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in response to specific conditions and have recently been explored for disease treatments. These approaches can also be extended to molecular imaging to report on disease diagnosis and management. The stimuli used for activation are based on differences between the environment of the diseased or targeted sites, and normal tissues. Endogenous stimuli include pH, redox reactions, enzymatic activity, temperature and others. Exogenous site-specific stimuli include the use of magnetic fields, light, ultrasound and others. These endogenous or exogenous stimuli lead to structural changes or cleavage of the cargo carrier, leading to release of the API. A wide variety of stimulus-responsive systems have been developed-responsive to both a single stimulus or multiple stimuli-and represent a theranostic tool for disease treatment. In this review, stimuli commonly used in the development of theranostic nanoplatforms are enumerated. An emphasis on chemical structure and property relationships is provided, aiming to focus on insights for the design of stimulus-responsive delivery systems. Several examples of theranostic applications of these stimulus-responsive nanomedicines are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gengqi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|