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Maurizii G, Valentini L, Sotgiu G, Zamboni R, Tonetti C, Vineis C, Canonico B, Montanari M, Tiboni M, Casettari L, Aluigi A. The dark side of the wool? From wool wastes to keratin microfilaments through the solution blow spinning process. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133722. [PMID: 38977053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The valorization of discarded wool from dairy sheep breeding is a challenging issue. The most proposed strategies lie in the processing of keratin extracted from wool without reducing the molecular weight of the protein chains (the high molecular weight-HMW keratin). Here, the HMW keratin has been spun for the first time by solution blow spinning. A screening study of the process carried out with a 2-level full factorial design revealed that keratin filaments can be obtained by using the polyethylene oxide at 900 kDa, a 2 bar air pressure, and a 30 cm needle-collector distance. An annealing at 80 °C for 15 min, at pH 3.5 with citric acid contributes to increasing the viscosity of the keratin solutions thereby allowing the production of defect-free and water-stable filaments having diameters from 1 to 6 μm. A negligible toxic effect was observed after 24 and 48 h on HT29 epithelial cells and normal blood cells displayed behavior similar to the control demonstrating that the patches are hemocompatible. Therefore, the developed SBS process of keratin aqueous solutions could represent a valuable platform for developing patches that need to be blood-contacting and deposited in-situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Maurizii
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Laura Valentini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Giovanna Sotgiu
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity - Italian National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy; Kerline srl, Via Piero Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Roberto Zamboni
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity - Italian National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy; Kerline srl, Via Piero Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Cinzia Tonetti
- CNR-STIIMA (National Research Council-Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing), Corso Giuseppe Pella 16, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Claudia Vineis
- CNR-STIIMA (National Research Council-Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing), Corso Giuseppe Pella 16, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Mariele Montanari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Annalisa Aluigi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy; Kerline srl, Via Piero Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy.
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2
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Rakkan T, Zhang S, Lehner S, Hufenus R, Sangkharak K, Ren Q. Bio-based modification of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) towards increased antimicrobial activities and reduced cytotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133132. [PMID: 38945725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
With the increased occurrence of bacteria resistance to conventional antibiotics, the development of novel antimicrobials is urgently needed. Traditional biomaterials used for delivering these agents often struggle to achieve sustained release while maintaining non-cytotoxic properties. In this study, we present an innovative approach using bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) as a carrier for antimicrobial delivery, specifically designed for wound healing applications. Octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT), a widely used antimicrobial agent, served as our model drug. To achieve the desired balance of OCT release and low cytotoxicity, we introduced a novel bio-derived additive, 3-hydroxy-pentadecanoic acid (3OHC15), extracted from bacteria. This additive significantly improved the hydrophilicity of PHA films, resulting in enhanced and sustained release of OCT. Importantly, the additive did not adversely affect the material's tensile strength or thermal properties. The increased OCT release led to improved antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and -positive strains. Most notably, the incorporation of 3OHC15 in PHA mitigated the cytotoxic effects of the released drug on human fibroblasts, ensuring biocompatibility. This work represents a novel strategy in the design of biomaterials for the delivery of bioactive compounds, achieving a critical balance between efficacy and cytocompatibility, and marks a significant advancement in the field of antimicrobial delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaphorn Rakkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand; Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sixuan Zhang
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Sandro Lehner
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Rudolf Hufenus
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Kanokphorn Sangkharak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand.
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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3
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Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari S, Karbasi S. Keratin-containing scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:916-965. [PMID: 38349200 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2311450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, the utilization of bioactive materials has become a routine tool. The goal of tissue engineering is to create new organs and tissues by combining cell biology, materials science, reactor engineering, and clinical research. As part of the growth pattern for primary cells in an organ, backing material is frequently used as a supporting material. A porous three-dimensional (3D) scaffold can provide cells with optimal conditions for proliferating, migrating, differentiating, and functioning as a framework. Optimizing the scaffolds' structure and altering their surface may improve cell adhesion and proliferation. A keratin-based biomaterials platform has been developed as a result of discoveries made over the past century in the extraction, purification, and characterization of keratin proteins from hair and wool fibers. Biocompatibility, biodegradability, intrinsic biological activity, and cellular binding motifs make keratin an attractive biomaterial for tissue engineering scaffolds. Scaffolds for tissue engineering have been developed from extracted keratin proteins because of their capacity to self-assemble and polymerize into intricate 3D structures. In this review article, applications of keratin-based scaffolds in different tissues including bone, skin, nerve, and vascular are explained based on common methods of fabrication such as electrospinning, freeze-drying process, and sponge replication method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Kalia VC, Patel SKS, Lee JK. Exploiting Polyhydroxyalkanoates for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081937. [PMID: 37112084 PMCID: PMC10144186 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable plastic. Numerous bacteria produce PHAs under environmental stress conditions, such as excess carbon-rich organic matter and limitations of other nutritional elements such as potassium, magnesium, oxygen, phosphorus, and nitrogen. In addition to having physicochemical properties similar to fossil-fuel-based plastics, PHAs have unique features that make them ideal for medical devices, such as easy sterilization without damaging the material itself and easy dissolution following use. PHAs can replace traditional plastic materials used in the biomedical sector. PHAs can be used in a variety of biomedical applications, including medical devices, implants, drug delivery devices, wound dressings, artificial ligaments and tendons, and bone grafts. Unlike plastics, PHAs are not manufactured from petroleum products or fossil fuels and are, therefore, environment-friendly. In this review, a recent overview of applications of PHAs with special emphasis on biomedical sectors, including drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, and biocontrols, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay K S Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Development of Scaffolds from Bio-Based Natural Materials for Tissue Regeneration Applications: A Review. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020100. [PMID: 36826270 PMCID: PMC9957409 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage and organ failure are major problems that many people face worldwide. Most of them benefit from treatment related to modern technology's tissue regeneration process. Tissue engineering is one of the booming fields widely used to replace damaged tissue. Scaffold is a base material in which cells and growth factors are embedded to construct a substitute tissue. Various materials have been used to develop scaffolds. Bio-based natural materials are biocompatible, safe, and do not release toxic compounds during biodegradation. Therefore, it is highly recommendable to fabricate scaffolds using such materials. To date, there have been no singular materials that fulfill all the features of the scaffold. Hence, combining two or more materials is encouraged to obtain the desired characteristics. To design a reliable scaffold by combining different materials, there is a need to choose a good fabrication technique. In this review article, the bio-based natural materials and fine fabrication techniques that are currently used in developing scaffolds for tissue regeneration applications, along with the number of articles published on each material, are briefly discussed. It is envisaged to gain explicit knowledge of developing scaffolds from bio-based natural materials for tissue regeneration applications.
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Giteru SG, Ramsey DH, Hou Y, Cong L, Mohan A, Bekhit AEDA. Wool keratin as a novel alternative protein: A comprehensive review of extraction, purification, nutrition, safety, and food applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:643-687. [PMID: 36527315 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The growing global population and lifestyle changes have increased the demand for specialized diets that require protein and other essential nutrients for humans. Recent technological advances have enabled the use of food bioresources treated as waste as additional sources of alternative proteins. Sheep wool is an inexpensive and readily available bioresource containing 95%-98% protein, making it an outstanding potential source of protein for food and biotechnological applications. The strong structure of wool and its indigestibility are the main hurdles to achieving its potential as an edible protein. Although various methods have been investigated for the hydrolysis of wool into keratin, only a few of these, such as sulfitolysis, oxidation, and enzymatic processes, have the potential to generate edible keratin. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity studies reported no cytotoxicity effects of extracted keratin, suggesting its potential for use as a high-value protein ingredient that supports normal body functions. Keratin has a high cysteine content that can support healthy epithelia, glutathione synthesis, antioxidant functions, and skeletal muscle functions. With the recent spike in new keratin extraction methods, extensive long-term investigations that examine prolonged exposure of keratin generated from these techniques in animal and human subjects are required to ascertain its safety. Food applications of wool could improve the ecological footprint of sheep farming and unlock the potential of a sustainable protein source that meets demands for ethical production of animal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yakun Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lei Cong
- Department of Agribusiness and Markets, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Anand Mohan
- Alliance Group Limited, Invercargill, New Zealand
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Wang Q, Luo Z, Wu YL, Li Z. Recent Advances in Enzyme‐Based Biomaterials Toward Diabetic Wound Healing. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis, #08-03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis, #08-03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2) Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117576 Singapore
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Biopolymer-Based Wound Dressings with Biochemical Cues for Cell-Instructive Wound Repair. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245371. [PMID: 36559739 PMCID: PMC9783382 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is an active research sphere that focuses on the repair, regeneration, and replacement of damaged tissues and organs. A plethora of innovative wound dressings and skin substitutes have been developed to treat cutaneous wounds and are aimed at reducing the length or need for a hospital stay. The inception of biomaterials with the ability to interact with cells and direct them toward desired lineages has brought about innovative designs in wound healing and tissue engineering. This cellular engagement is achieved by cell cues that can be biochemical or biophysical in nature. In effect, these cues seep into innate repair pathways, cause downstream cell behaviours and, ultimately, lead to advantageous healing. This review will focus on biomolecules with encoded biomimetic, instructive prompts that elicit desired cellular domino effects to achieve advanced wound repair. The wound healing dressings covered in this review are based on functionalized biopolymeric materials. While both biophysical and biochemical cues are vital for advanced wound healing applications, focus will be placed on biochemical cues and in vivo or clinical trial applications. The biochemical cues aforementioned will include peptide therapy, collagen matrices, cell-based therapy, decellularized matrices, platelet-rich plasma, and biometals.
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Ren S, Guo S, Yang L, Wang C. Effect of composite biodegradable biomaterials on wound healing in diabetes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1060026. [PMID: 36507270 PMCID: PMC9732485 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1060026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of diabetic wounds has always been a job that doctors could not tackle quickly in plastic surgery. To solve this problem, it has become an important direction to use biocompatible biodegradable biomaterials as scaffolds or dressing loaded with a variety of active substances or cells, to construct a wound repair system integrating materials, cells, and growth factors. In terms of wound healing, composite biodegradable biomaterials show strong biocompatibility and the ability to promote wound healing. This review describes the multifaceted integration of biomaterials with drugs, stem cells, and active agents. In wounds, stem cells and their secreted exosomes regulate immune responses and inflammation. They promote angiogenesis, accelerate skin cell proliferation and re-epithelialization, and regulate collagen remodeling that inhibits scar hyperplasia. In the process of continuous combination with new materials, a series of materials that can be well matched with active ingredients such as cells or drugs are derived for precise delivery and controlled release of drugs. The ultimate goal of material development is clinical transformation. At present, the types of materials for clinical application are still relatively single, and the bottleneck is that the functions of emerging materials have not yet reached a stable and effective degree. The development of biomaterials that can be further translated into clinical practice will become the focus of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihang Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics (Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning), The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,The First Clinical College of China Medical UniversityChina Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuaichen Guo
- The First Clinical College of China Medical UniversityChina Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics (Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning), The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Liqun Yang, ; Chenchao Wang,
| | - Chenchao Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Liqun Yang, ; Chenchao Wang,
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Preparation Methods and Functional Characteristics of Regenerated Keratin-Based Biofilms. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214723. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The recycling, development, and application of keratin-containing waste (e.g., hair, wool, feather, and so on) provide an important means to address related environmental pollution and energy shortage issues. The extraction of keratin and the development of keratin-based functional materials are key to solving keratin-containing waste pollution. Keratin-based biofilms are gaining substantial interest due to their excellent characteristics, such as good biocompatibility, high biodegradability, appropriate adsorption, and rich renewable sources, among others. At present, keratin-based biofilms are a good option for various applications, and the development of keratin-based biofilms from keratin-containing waste is considered crucial for sustainable development. In this paper, in order to achieve clean production while maintaining the functional characteristics of natural keratin as much as possible, four important keratin extraction methods—thermal hydrolysis, ultrasonic technology, eco-friendly solvent system, and microbial decomposition—are described, and the characteristics of these four extraction methods are analysed. Next, methods for the preparation of keratin-based biofilms are introduced, including solvent casting, electrospinning, template self-assembly, freeze-drying, and soft lithography methods. Then, the functional properties and application prospects of keratin-based biofilms are discussed. Finally, future research directions related to keratin-based biofilms are proposed. Overall, it can be concluded that the high-value conversion of keratin-containing waste into regenerated keratin-based biofilms has great importance for sustainable development and is highly suggested due to their great potential for use in biomedical materials, optoelectronic devices, and metal ion detection applications. It is hoped that this paper can provide some basic information for the development and application of keratin-based biofilms.
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Nano/micro-formulations of keratin in biocomposites, wound healing and drug delivery systems; recent advances in biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Comparison of physical, mechanical and biological effects of leucocyte-PRF and advanced-PRF on polyacrylamide nanofiber wound dressings: In vitro and in vivo evaluations. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213082. [PMID: 36067641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is extracted from the blood without biochemical interference and, also, with the ability of a long-term release of growth factors that can stimulate tissue repair and regerenation. Here, leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) were extracted and utilized for the creation of nanofibers containing polyacrylamide (PAAm), PAAm / L-PRF and PAAm / A-PRP through electrospinning processing technique. The effect of the type of PRF on the physical, mechanical and biological properties of the resultant nanofiberous wound dressings are thoroughly evaluated. The results presented in the current study reveals that the fiber diameter is grealtly reduced through the utilization of L-PRF. In addition, mechanical property is also positively affected by L-PRF and the degradation rate is found to be higher compared to A-PRF group. The L929 cells proliferation and adhesion, angiogenesis potential and wound healing ability was significantly higher in PAAm/A-PRF nanofibers compared to pure PAAm and PAAm/L-PRF nanofibers owed to the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Overall, the utilization of L-PRF or A-PRF can improve the physical, mechanical and biological behavior of nanofiber making them an ideal candidate for wound dressings, with the emphasis on the skin tissue repair and regeneration applications.
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Recent Advances in Silver Nanoparticles Containing Nanofibers for Chronic Wound Management. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193994. [PMID: 36235942 PMCID: PMC9571512 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections are the primary cause of death from burns and diabetic wounds. The clinical difficulty of treating wound infections with conventional antibiotics has progressively increased and reached a critical level, necessitating a paradigm change for enhanced chronic wound care. The most prevalent bacterium linked with these infections is Staphylococcus aureus, and the advent of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has posed a substantial therapeutic challenge. Most existing wound dressings are ineffective and suffer from constraints such as insufficient antibacterial activity, toxicity, failure to supply enough moisture to the wound, and poor mechanical performance. Using ineffective wound dressings might prolong the healing process of a wound. To meet this requirement, nanoscale scaffolds with their desirable qualities, which include the potential to distribute bioactive agents, a large surface area, enhanced mechanical capabilities, the ability to imitate the extracellular matrix (ECM), and high porosity, have attracted considerable interest. The incorporation of nanoparticles into nanofiber scaffolds constitutes a novel approach to “nanoparticle dressing” that has acquired significant popularity for wound healing. Due to their remarkable antibacterial capabilities, silver nanoparticles are attractive materials for wound healing. This review focuses on the therapeutic applications of nanofiber wound dressings containing Ag-NPs and their potential to revolutionize wound healing.
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14
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Electrospun non-wovens potential wound dressing material based on polyacrylonitrile/chicken feathers keratin nanofiber. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15460. [PMID: 36104428 PMCID: PMC9474820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning nanofibers have a tremendous interest in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, drug administration, and wound healing because of their ability to replicate and restore the function of the natural extracellular matrix found in tissues. The study’s highlight is the electrospinning preparation and characterization of polyacrylonitrile with chicken feather keratin as an additive. In this study, keratin was extracted from chicken feather waste using an environmentally friendly method and used to reinforce polymeric nanofiber mats. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the morphology and the structure of the prepared nanofiber mats. The effect of keratin on the porosity and the tensile strength of reinforcing nanofibers is investigated. The porosity ratio of the nanofiber mats goes up from 24.52 ± 2.12 for blank polyacrylonitrile (PAN (NF)) to 90.89 ± 1.91% for polyacrylonitrile nanofiber with 0.05 wt% keratin (PAN/0.05% K). Furthermore, keratin reinforcement improves the nanofiber's mechanical properties, which are important for wound dressing application, as well as its antibacterial activity without causing hemolysis (less than 2%). The best antibacterial activities were observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30 ± 0.17 mm inhibition zone) and Staphylococcus aureus (29 ± 0.31 mm inhibition zone) for PAN/0.05% K sample, according to the antibacterial test. This research has a good potential to broaden the use of feather keratin-based nanofibers in wound healing.
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Garcia J, Felix M, Cordobés F, Guerrero A. Effect of solvent and additives on the electrospinnability of BSA solutions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Biomedical Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoate in Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112141. [PMID: 35683815 PMCID: PMC9182786 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering technology aids in the regeneration of new tissue to replace damaged or wounded tissue. Three-dimensional biodegradable and porous scaffolds are often utilized in this area to mimic the structure and function of the extracellular matrix. Scaffold material and design are significant areas of biomaterial research and the most favorable material for seeding of in vitro and in vivo cells. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolyesters (thermoplastic) that are appropriate for this application due to their biodegradability, thermo-processability, enhanced biocompatibility, mechanical properties, non-toxicity, and environmental origin. Additionally, they offer enormous potential for modification through biological, chemical and physical alteration, including blending with various other materials. PHAs are produced by bacterial fermentation under nutrient-limiting circumstances and have been reported to offer new perspectives for devices in biological applications. The present review discusses PHAs in the applications of conventional medical devices, especially for soft tissue (sutures, wound dressings, cardiac patches and blood vessels) and hard tissue (bone and cartilage scaffolds) regeneration applications. The paper also addresses a recent advance highlighting the usage of PHAs in implantable devices, such as heart valves, stents, nerve guidance conduits and nanoparticles, including drug delivery. This review summarizes the in vivo and in vitro biodegradability of PHAs and conducts an overview of current scientific research and achievements in the development of PHAs in the biomedical sector. In the future, PHAs may replace synthetic plastics as the material of choice for medical researchers and practitioners.
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Su C, Gong JS, Qin A, Li H, Li H, Qin J, Qian JY, Xu ZH, Shi JS. A combination of bioinformatics analysis and rational design strategies to enhance keratinase thermostability for efficient biodegradation of feathers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151824. [PMID: 34808176 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Keratinase has shown great significance and application potentials in the biodegradation and recycle of keratin waste due to its unique and efficient hydrolysis ability. However, the inherent instability of the enzyme limits its practical utilization. Herein, we obtained a thermostability-enhanced keratinase based on a combination of bioinformatics analysis and rational design strategies for the efficient biodegradation of feathers. A systematical in silico analysis combined with filtering of virtual libraries derived a smart library for experimental validation. Synergistic mutations around the highly flexible loop, the calcium binding site and the non-consensus amino acids generated a dominant mutant which increased the optimal temperature of keratinase from 40 °C to 60 °C, and the half-life at 60 °C was increased from 17.3 min to 66.1 min. The mutant could achieve more than 66% biodegradation of 50 g/L feathers to high-valued keratin product with a major molecular weight of 36 kDa. Collectively, this work provided a promising keratinase variant with enhanced thermostability for efficient conversion of keratin wastes to valuable products. It also generated a general strategy to facilitate enzyme thermostability design which is more targeted and predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Anqi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jiufu Qin
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jian-Ying Qian
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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Zhang J, Su C, Kong XL, Gong JS, Liu YL, Li H, Qin J, Xu ZH, Shi JS. Directed evolution driving the generation of an efficient keratinase variant to facilitate the feather degradation. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:38. [PMID: 38647843 PMCID: PMC10992214 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinases can specifically degrade keratins, which widely exist in hair, horns, claws and human skin. There is a great interest in developing keratinase to manage keratin waste generated by the poultry industry and reusing keratin products in agriculture, medical treatment and feed industries. Degradation of keratin waste by keratinase is more environmentally friendly and more sustainable compared with chemical and physical methods. However, the wild-type keratinase-producing strains usually cannot meet the requirements of industrial production, and some are pathogenic, limiting their development and utilization. The main purpose of this study is to improve the catalytic performance of keratinase via directed evolution technology for the degradation of feathers. We first constructed a mutant library through error-prone PCR and screened variants with enhanced enzyme activity. The keratinase activity was further improved through fermentation conditions optimization and fed-batch strategies in a 7-L bioreactor. As a result, nine mutants with enhanced activity were identified and the highest enzyme activity was improved from 1150 to 8448 U/mL finally. The mutant achieved efficient biodegradation of feathers, increasing the degradation rate from 49 to 88%. Moreover, a large number of amino acids and soluble peptides were obtained as degradation products, which were excellent protein resources to feed. Therefore, the study provided a keratinase mutant with application potential in the management of feather waste and preparation of protein feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue No. 1800, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue No. 1800, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Kong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue No. 1800, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue No. 1800, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue No. 1800, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue No. 1800, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiufu Qin
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue No. 1800, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Yan RR, Gong JS, Su C, Liu YL, Qian JY, Xu ZH, Shi JS. Preparation and applications of keratin biomaterials from natural keratin wastes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2349-2366. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Davari N, Bakhtiary N, Khajehmohammadi M, Sarkari S, Tolabi H, Ghorbani F, Ghalandari B. Protein-Based Hydrogels: Promising Materials for Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:986. [PMID: 35267809 PMCID: PMC8914701 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful design of a hydrogel for tissue engineering requires a profound understanding of its constituents' structural and molecular properties, as well as the proper selection of components. If the engineered processes are in line with the procedures that natural materials undergo to achieve the best network structure necessary for the formation of the hydrogel with desired properties, the failure rate of tissue engineering projects will be significantly reduced. In this review, we examine the behavior of proteins as an essential and effective component of hydrogels, and describe the factors that can enhance the protein-based hydrogels' structure. Furthermore, we outline the fabrication route of protein-based hydrogels from protein microstructure and the selection of appropriate materials according to recent research to growth factors, crucial members of the protein family, and their delivery approaches. Finally, the unmet needs and current challenges in developing the ideal biomaterials for protein-based hydrogels are discussed, and emerging strategies in this area are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyousha Davari
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 143951561, Iran;
| | - Negar Bakhtiary
- Burn Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115114, Iran
| | - Mehran Khajehmohammadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd 8174848351, Iran;
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8916877391, Iran
| | - Soulmaz Sarkari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran;
| | - Hamidreza Tolabi
- New Technologies Research Center (NTRC), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 158754413, Iran;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 158754413, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Behafarid Ghalandari
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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21
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Guo W, Yang K, Qin X, Luo R, Wang H, Huang R. Polyhydroxyalkanoates in tissue repair and regeneration. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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22
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Mirhaj M, Tavakoli M, Varshosaz J, Labbaf S, Jafarpour F, Ahmaditabar P, Salehi S, Kazemi N. Platelet rich fibrin containing nanofibrous dressing for wound healing application: Fabrication, characterization and biological evaluations. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 134:112541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Danko M, Mosnáčková K, Vykydalová A, Kleinová A, Puškárová A, Pangallo D, Bujdoš M, Mosnáček J. Properties and Degradation Performances of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Blends and Keratin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162693. [PMID: 34451232 PMCID: PMC8399615 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
From environmental aspects, the recovery of keratin waste is one of the important needs and therefore also one of the current topics of many research groups. Here, the keratin hydrolysate after basic hydrolysis was used as a filler in plasticized polylactic acid/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) blend under loading in the range of 1–20 wt%. The composites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, and the effect of keratin on changes in molar masses of matrices during processing was investigated using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermal properties of the composites were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of keratin loading on the mechanical properties of composite was investigated by tensile test and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Hydrolytic degradation of matrices and composites was investigated by the determination of extractable product amounts, GPC, DSC and NMR. Finally, microbial growth and degradation were investigated. It was found that incorporation of keratin in plasticized PLA/PHB blend provides material with good thermal and mechanical properties and improved degradation under common environmental conditions, indicating its possible application in agriculture and/or packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.M.); (A.V.); (A.K.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarína Mosnáčková
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.M.); (A.V.); (A.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Anna Vykydalová
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.M.); (A.V.); (A.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Angela Kleinová
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.M.); (A.V.); (A.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Andrea Puškárová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Domenico Pangallo
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Marek Bujdoš
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.M.); (A.V.); (A.K.); (J.M.)
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Perța-Crișan S, Ursachi CȘ, Gavrilaș S, Oancea F, Munteanu FD. Closing the Loop with Keratin-Rich Fibrous Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1896. [PMID: 34200460 PMCID: PMC8201023 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the agro-industry's side streams that is widely met is the-keratin rich fibrous material that is becoming a waste product without valorization. Its management as a waste is costly, as the incineration of this type of waste constitutes high environmental concern. Considering these facts, the keratin-rich waste can be considered as a treasure for the producers interested in the valorization of such slowly-biodegradable by-products. As keratin is a protein that needs harsh conditions for its degradation, and that in most of the cases its constitutive amino acids are destroyed, we review new extraction methods that are eco-friendly and cost-effective. The chemical and enzymatic extractions of keratin are compared and the optimization of the extraction conditions at the lab scale is considered. In this study, there are also considered the potential applications of the extracted keratin as well as the reuse of the by-products obtained during the extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Perța-Crișan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania; (S.P.-C.); (C.Ș.U.); (S.G.)
| | - Claudiu Ștefan Ursachi
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania; (S.P.-C.); (C.Ș.U.); (S.G.)
| | - Simona Gavrilaș
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania; (S.P.-C.); (C.Ș.U.); (S.G.)
| | - Florin Oancea
- Bioresource Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florentina-Daniela Munteanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania; (S.P.-C.); (C.Ș.U.); (S.G.)
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Tang J, Liu X, Ge Y, Wang F. Silver Nanoparticle-Anchored Human Hair Kerateine/PEO/PVA Nanofibers for Antibacterial Application and Cell Proliferation. Molecules 2021; 26:2783. [PMID: 34066875 PMCID: PMC8125921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main core of wound treatment is cell growth and anti-infection. To accelerate the proliferation of fibroblasts in the wound and prevent wound infections, various strategies have been tried. It remains a challenge to obtain good cell proliferation and antibacterial effects. Here, human hair kerateine (HHK)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers were prepared using cysteine-rich HHK, and then, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were in situ anchored in the sulfur-containing amino acid residues of HHK. After the ultrasonic degradation test, HHK/PEO/PVA nanofibrous mats treated with 0.005-M silver nitrate were selected due to their relatively complete structures. It was observed by TEM-EDS that the sulfur-containing amino acids in HHK were the main anchor points of AgNPs. The results of FTIR, XRD and the thermal analysis suggested that the hydrogen bonds between PEO and PVA were broken by HHK and, further, by AgNPs. AgNPs could act as a catalyst to promote the thermal degradation reaction of PVA, PEO and HHK, which was beneficial for silver recycling and medical waste treatment. The antibacterial properties of AgNP-HHK/PEO/PVA nanofibers were examined by the disk diffusion method, and it was observed that they had potential antibacterial capability against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. In addition, HHK in the nanofibrous mats significantly improved the cell proliferation of NIH3T3 cells. These results illustrated that the AgNP-HHK/PEO/PVA nanofibrous mats exhibited excellent antibacterial activity and the ability to promote the proliferation of fibroblasts, reaching our target applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Tang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (J.T.); (X.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiwen Liu
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (J.T.); (X.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yan Ge
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- College of Fine Arts and Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
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Su C, Gong JS, Qin J, Li H, Li H, Xu ZH, Shi JS. The tale of a versatile enzyme: Molecular insights into keratinase for its industrial dissemination. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107655. [PMID: 33186607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Keratinases are unique among proteolytic enzymes for their ability to degrade recalcitrant insoluble proteins, and they are of critical importance in keratin waste management. Over the past few decades, researchers have focused on discovering keratinase producers, as well as producing and characterizing keratinases. The application potential of keratinases has been investigated in the feed, fertilizer, leathering, detergent, cosmetic, and medical industries. However, the commercial availability of keratinases is still limited due to poor productivity and properties, such as thermostability, storage stability and resistance to organic reagents. Advances in molecular biotechnology have provided powerful tools for enhancing the production and functional properties of keratinase. This critical review systematically summarizes the application potential of keratinase, and in particular certain newly discovered catalytic capabilities. Furthermore, we provide comprehensive insight into mechanistic and molecular aspects of keratinases including analysis of gene sequences and protein structures. In addition, development and current advances in protein engineering of keratinases are summarized and discussed, revealing that the engineering of protein domains such as signal peptides and pro-peptides has become an important strategy to increase production of keratinases. Finally, prospects for further development are also proposed, indicating that advanced protein engineering technologies will lead to improved and additional commercial keratinases for various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Jiufu Qin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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