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Figueiró LR, Comerlato LC, Da Silva MV, Zuanazzi JÂS, Von Poser GL, Ziulkoski AL. Toxicity of Glandularia selloi (Spreng.) Tronc. leave extract by MTT and neutral red assays: influence of the test medium procedure. Interdiscip Toxicol 2017; 9:25-29. [PMID: 28652844 PMCID: PMC5458111 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity assays using cell cultures may be an alternative to assess biological toxicity of plant extracts with potential phytotherapeutic properties. This study compared three methods to prepare culture media for the exposure of Vero cells to plant extracts. Leaves of Glandularia selloi (Spreng.) Tronc. were used to prepare culture medium with aqueous extract, extract in culture medium and methanol extract. Toxicity was assessed using the MTT and neutral red (NR) assays. In general, alterations in the cellular functions were found in all extracts and assays. Cytotoxic effect occurred at lower doses in aqueous extract and the range of effect of the methanol extract was small. The procedure of preparing the test medium has an effect on the outcome of the assay. Cytotoxicity of plant extract can be assessed by MTT and NR assays. Aqueous extract added to the culture medium presented the best profile to assess cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Rizzieri Figueiró
- Cytotoxicity Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo - RS, Brasil
| | - Luana Christine Comerlato
- Graduate Studies Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia Vignoli Da Silva
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Health Sciences Federal University of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | | | - Gilsane Lino Von Poser
- Farmagnosys Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Ziulkoski
- Cytotoxicity Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo - RS, Brasil
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Bianchi E, Lessing G, Brina KR, Angeli L, Andriguetti NB, Peruzzo JRS, do Nascimento CA, Spilki FR, Ziulkoski AL, da Silva LB. Monitoring the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Potential and the Presence of Pesticides and Hydrocarbons in Water of the Sinos River Basin, Southern Brazil. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 72:321-334. [PMID: 28132076 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Sinos River is one of the most polluted rivers in Brazil. The purpose of this work was to monitor the presence of some pesticides and hydrocarbons as well as the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential on HEp-2 cells from water samples collected at seven sites in the Sinos River Basin (SRB), southern Brazil. Nine samples were taken from the three main rivers in the SRB and used as a solution to dilute the HEp-2 cell culture medium after microfiltration. Twenty-four pesticides and 19 hydrocarbons were measured. Cytotoxicity was assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays, in which cells were exposed to different concentrations of the water samples for 24 h. Genotoxicity of the microfiltrated raw water samples was assessed by comet assay after 6 and 24 h of exposure. Among the chemicals analyzed, only the 2,4-D, dichloromethane, tetrachloroethene, chloroform, bromodichloromethane, styrene, and toluene were detected, but they were all lower than the limit established by Brazilian regulations. Twenty samples from a total of 60 had a cytotoxic effect in the MTT assay and 30 in the NR assay. The comet assay indicated the presence of genotoxic substances in the water at the seven locations monitored. Temporal and spatial variation was observed in the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays. Results indicated that the water in all stretches of the SRB is contaminated and it can cause harmful effects to humans and to the aquatic biota. This HEp-2 cell-line approach can be an additional tool for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Bianchi
- Animal Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- Cytotoxicity Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Lessing
- Cytotoxicity Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Karisa Roxo Brina
- Animal Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Angeli
- Animal Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Augusto do Nascimento
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Ziulkoski
- Cytotoxicity Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano Basso da Silva
- Animal Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil.
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Figueiró LR, Dantas DCM, Linden R, Ziulkoski AL. Thirdhand tobacco smoke: procedures to evaluate cytotoxicity in cell cultures. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:355-61. [PMID: 27268319 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1188190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The risks associated to tobacco smoking are not ceased with smoke extinction. Many toxic compounds remain in the environment after the cigarette is extinguished and accumulated in the air or on surfaces. However, little is known about the risks of this exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate procedures to collect thirdhand smoke (THS) and prepare the samples to perform three in vitro toxicity tests. Cellulose papers and cotton wipes were used to impregnate with nicotine solution and smoke cigarette in a chamber or in smoker's home. Samples were immersed in methanol or Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) to expose Hep-2 cells. MTT, neutral red uptake (NRU) and trypan blue assays were performed. The concentration of nicotine in DMEM extract of THS in paper and cotton was similar to those in methanol extract (p > 0.05). Alterations in the mitochondrial and lysosomal functions were found in both paper and cotton samples; however, the cytotoxic effect was not always observed. There was a decrease of 21-31% in MTT assay and 38-56% in NRU assay (p < 0.003). There was a dose-response relationship between the amount of cigarettes and lysosomal viability; the correlation was higher for cotton samples (r = -0.843, p < 0.001). As a dose-response relationship was found only in NRU assay, this test may be a more suitable choice rather than the MTT assay. Paper and wipe sampling can be reliable markers of tobacco smoke contamination. Moreover, these materials, if properly prepared, can be used as substrate providers to perform cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Rizzieri Figueiró
- a Graduate Program in Pathology , Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Linden
- c Toxicology Laboratory , Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University , Novo Hamburgo , RS , Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Ziulkoski
- d Cytotoxicity Laboratory , Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University , Novo Hamburgo , RS , Brazil
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Trintinaglia L, Bianchi E, Silva LB, Nascimento CA, Spilki FR, Ziulkoski AL. Cytotoxicity assays as tools to assess water quality in the Sinos River basin. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:75-80. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>Cytotoxicity assays using cell cultures may be an alternative to assess biological toxicity of surface waters and may help to improve the control of water quality. This study compared two methods to prepare culture media for the exposure of Hep-2 cells to water samples collected from the Rolante River, an important affluent of the Sinos River. The toxicity was evaluated using the MTT and neutral red assays. Two methods were used to prepare culture media. In method 1, the sample was diluted at 1:1, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, 1:10.000 (v/v, sample/medium) in a standard culture medium; in method 2, water samples were used as the solvent for the culture medium, which was prepared at concentrations of 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20%. Semi-confluent cultures were then exposed to the media test for 24 hours, and cytotoxicity was determined immediately using the MTT and NR assays. Mitochondrial activity (MTT) was significantly lower at all concentrations in both methods, except at 1:1000 in method 1. However, the lysosome viability (NR) results revealed cytotoxicity only in the 1:1 sample of method 1. Both culture preparation methods were efficient and sensitive to the MTT assay, but method 2 seemed to be more adequate for the NR assay. The Rolante River has cytotoxic contaminants to Hep-2 cells, which may be one of the explanations for the poor water quality of the Sinos River basin.</p>
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Recognition of chemical compounds in contaminated water using time-dependent multiple dose cellular responses. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 724:30-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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